2024届高考英语阅读题型七选五魔法带练(07) 讲义

Seeing happiness differently
Since its official beginning in 2013, the International Day of Happiness has been observed for 11 years. It falls on March 20 every year. 1 But what exactly is happiness, and how can one achieve it
Experts in various fields hold different views on what happiness means and the factors that influence it.
Sonja Lyubomirsky is a researcher in the field of positive psychology. 2 According to her, happiness can be described as“the experience of joy, contentment (满足) or positive well-being, combined with a sense that one's life is good, meaningful and worthwhile.”
People's levels of subjective happiness are influenced by both internal factors, such as personality and outlook, and external factors, such as the environment in which they live, according to the author of the book Culture and Psychology. 3 These include their natural personality traits (特性), the quality of their relationships with others, the society they are a part of, and their ability to meet their basic needs.
More than that, experts in medical fields found that genes might influence happiness. In an article published in Iran J Public Health, three researchers show how twin studies have suggested that genetic factors count for35~50 percent of happiness. The study also mentioned two genes that may have an effect on happiness, which may help clarify the genetic base of happiness in the future.
From the aspect of economics, Tejvan Pettinger, an independent economics researcher, said that the factors affecting happiness can include income, quality of work, quality of consumption, leisure, the welfare of family members and the environment. 4 He believes that at low levels of income, increasing income is generally considered to increase happiness as it allows a person to buy essential goods and services such as food, shelter, health care and education. However, after certain income levels, rising income contributes little to overall happiness.
5 So people define it differently and pursue it in a variety of ways. It's a life lesson worth our whole lifetime to explore.
A. What is their main source of income
B. Among them, income is a crucial factor.
C. She provides a clear description of happiness.
D. Career success may not be a guarantee of happiness.
E. The truth is that happiness itself is different for everyone.
F. Several important factors contribute to a person's happiness.
G. This special day serves to remind people of the significance of happiness.
【魔法带练】
第一步，通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。
But what exactly is happiness, and how can one achieve it
但幸福到底是什么，又该如何实现呢
【小科普】七选五主要是说明文，因此首段会起着开门见山，引领全文的作用。通过首段考生可以明白文章将要探讨哪些内容，而首段的最后一句往往是文章的主题句，考生可以通过这句话对文章的主题有整体的了解。如果文章的最后一段点题，那就是“结尾总结”式；如果不是那就可能是总分的形式，考生把重点放在第一段即可。
第二步，定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。
【注意】边读边做，先易后难。考生做题时如果发现有题目拿捏不准，可先跳过这一题，等读完整篇文章后，对文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系基本清楚了再做之前不确定的题目。
People's levels of subjective happiness are influenced by both internal factors, such as personality and outlook, and external factors, such as the environment in which they live, according to the author of the book Culture and Psychology. 3 These include their natural personality traits (特性), the quality of their relationships with others, the society they are a part of, and their ability to meet their basic needs.
同义替换：internal factors=Several important factors；词源对应：person=personality；所以F选项当选
【小科普】词语复现:作者或说话人在谈论某个话题或主题时，与主题相关的词语必定会以原词、同义词或近义词等形式在上下文中重复出现，这种现象叫词语复现。同一个词的重复出现叫原词复现;以同义词的形式重复出现,叫同义复现;以近义词或近义表达(意思相近，表达方式不同)的形式重复出现，叫近义复现;以词义相同而词性不同的形式重复出现,叫同根复现。还有上义词与下义词的复现(adult是teacher, parent的上义词 而teacher,parent就是adult的下义词)。
From the aspect of economics, Tejvan Pettinger, an independent economics researcher, said that the factors affecting happiness can include income, quality of work, quality of consumption, leisure, the welfare of family members and the environment. 4 He believes that at low levels of income, increasing income is generally considered to increase happiness as it allows a person to buy essential goods and services such as food, shelter, health care and education. However, after certain income levels, rising income contributes little to overall happiness.
多项词汇对应：直接对应B选项；income=economics; a crucial factor=is generally considered to increase happiness;注意这里容易错选A选项，因为A选项同样也有个income这个关键词出现，但是细心注意一下What is their main source of income 他们的主要收入来源是什么 ，强调收入来源；对比一下B选项B. Among them, income is a crucial factor.其中，收入是一个关键因素。说明income只是一个方面并不是主要的陈述对象。
【小科普】一个单词在一个语义场中以同样的形式反复出现，有时兼有词形的变化， 同（近）义祠和反义词的复现或同一个范畴词的复现等。 考生解题时可以利用这些词作为解题线索。具体过程上文已经对此知识点讲解，这里不再赘述。
Sonja Lyubomirsky is a researcher in the field of positive psychology. 2 According to her, happiness can be described as“the experience of joy, contentment (满足) or positive well-being, combined with a sense that one's life is good, meaningful and worthwhile.”
代词指代+同义替换：Sonja Lyubomirsky =she; be described as= provides a clear description of
所以C选项当选。
【小科普】为了避免重复，不同的代词可指代上文提到的人、事物或事件。 It 可指代可数名词单数、不可数名词或整个句子；they或them指代可数名词复数；one指代可数名词单数；that 指代不可数名词或句子；this 指代可数名词单数或句子；these 或those 指代可数名词复数。
Since its official beginning in 2013, the International Day of Happiness has been observed for 11 years. It falls on March 20 every year. 1 But what exactly is happiness, and how can one achieve it
转折逻辑+同义替换：the International Day of Happiness= the special day; what exactly is happiness, and how can one achieve it=the significance of happiness.所以G选项当选
【小科普】从细节逻辑上判断——转折关系。转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。表示转折关系的连接词有：However, but,nevertheless, nonetheless, still；though，yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever，on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, otherwise，not...but，as well等。
5 So people define it differently and pursue it in a variety of ways. It's a life lesson worth our whole lifetime to explore.
因果逻辑+词汇复现：词源对应different=differently=a variety of
【小科普】从细节逻辑上判断——因果关系：在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。其中的同义替换过程这里不再赘述了。一般情况下看清楚句子描述是原因还是结果。
第三步，确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
What is their main source of income 他们的主要收入来源是什么
这个选项在第二步已经说过为什么不选，这里不再赘述
Career success may not be a guarantee of happiness.事业上的成功不一定是幸福的保证。
文章主题不涉及幸福与个人职业生涯成功挂钩
第四步，通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。
Seeing happiness differently
以不同的方式看待幸福
Since its official beginning in 2013, the International Day of Happiness has been observed for 11 years.
自2013年正式设立以来，国际幸福日已经庆祝了11个年头。
It falls on March 20 every year.
每年的3月20日。
词汇解析：
Fall on降临
Prices continued to fall on the stock market today.
今天股票市场价格继续下跌。
This special day serves to remind people of the significance of happiness.
这个特殊的日子是为了提醒人们幸福的重要性。
词汇解析：
Serve to 提供食物或饮料
Their action can only serve to harden the attitude of landowners.
他们的举动只会使土地所有者们的态度变得强硬。
But what exactly is happiness, and how can one achieve it
但幸福到底是什么，又该如何实现呢
Experts in various fields hold different views on what happiness means and the factors that influence it.
that引导定语从句修饰the factors
不同领域的专家对幸福的含义和影响幸福的因素持有不同的观点。
Sonja Lyubomirsky is a researcher in the field of positive psychology.
Sonja Lyubomirsky是积极心理学领域的研究人员。
She provides a clear description of happiness.
她对幸福给出了清晰的描述。
According to her, happiness can be described as“the experience of joy, contentment (满足) or positive well-being, combined with a sense that one's life is good, meaningful and worthwhile.”
根据她的说法，幸福可以被描述为“快乐、满足(满足)或积极的幸福感，以及一个人生活美好、有意义和有价值的感觉。”
词汇解析：
①according to 根据；按照
Prices vary according to the quantity ordered.
价格根据所订数量而变化。
②be described as 被描述为：
Her attitude could fairly be described as hostile.
公平而论，她的态度可以说是怀有敌意。
③combine with 组合
They combine with dust particles from the comet to form a huge cloud.
它们与来自彗星的尘埃颗粒结合在一起，形成了巨大的云团。
People's levels of subjective happiness are influenced by both internal factors, such as personality and outlook, and external factors, such as the environment in which they live, according to the author of the book Culture and Psychology.
《文化与心理学》一书的作者表示，人们的主观幸福感水平受到性格和观点等内部因素和生活环境等外部因素的影响。
Several important factors contribute to a person's happiness.
几个重要的因素有助于一个人的幸福。
These include their natural personality traits (特性), the quality of their relationships with others, the society they are a part of, and their ability to meet their basic needs.
这些包括他们的自然性格特征(特性)，他们与他人的关系质量，他们所处的社会，以及他们满足基本需求的能力。
More than that, experts in medical fields found that genes might influence happiness.
不仅如此，医学领域的专家还发现基因可能会影响幸福感。
In an article published in Iran J Public Health, three researchers show how twin studies have suggested that genetic factors count for35~50 percent of happiness.
在《伊朗公共卫生杂志》上发表的一篇文章中，三位研究人员展示了双胞胎研究如何表明遗传因素占幸福的35%至50%。
The study also mentioned two genes that may have an effect on happiness, which may help clarify the genetic base of happiness in the future.
which引导非限制性定语从句
该研究还提到了两种可能对幸福有影响的基因，这可能有助于阐明未来幸福的基因基础。
From the aspect of economics, Tejvan Pettinger, an independent economics researcher, said that the factors affecting happiness can include income, quality of work, quality of consumption, leisure, the welfare of family members and the environment.
独立经济学研究员Tejvan Pettinger表示，从经济学的角度来看，影响幸福的因素包括收入、工作质量、消费质量、休闲、家庭成员的福利和环境。
Among them, income is a crucial factor.
其中，收入是一个关键因素。
He believes that at low levels of income, increasing income is generally considered to increase happiness as it allows a person to buy essential goods and services such as food, shelter, health care and education.
as引导原因状语从句
他认为，在低收入水平下，增加收入通常被认为会增加幸福感，因为它允许一个人购买必需品和服务，如食物、住所、医疗保健和教育。
However, after certain income levels, rising income contributes little to overall happiness.
然而，在收入达到一定水平之后，收入的增加对整体幸福感的贡献不大。
The truth is that happiness itself is different for everyone
事实上，幸福本身对每个人来说都是不同的
So people define it differently and pursue it in a variety of ways. It's a life lesson worth our whole lifetime to explore.
所以人们对它的定义不同，追求的方式也不同。这是值得我们用一生去探索的人生课程。