必修1 Unit4 Natural Disasters
Part 1 单元词汇过关
01-单元主题写作词汇积累--自然灾害
词汇
1.Environment n. 环境
2.powerful adj.强大的
3.protect vt.保护
4.prevent vt 防止
5.decrease v. 减少
6.damage n. 损害
7. destroy vt 毁灭
8. rescue vt 拯救
9. spoil vt 破坏
10.construct vt 建设
11. beautify vt. 美化 .
12.earthquake n.地震
13.typhoon n.台风
14.erupt vt. 爆发
15.eruption n.爆发
16.volcano n.火山
17.drought n.干旱
18.catastrophe n.大灾难
19.disaster n.灾难
20.shocking adj.震惊的
精品句式
1. A terrible storm hit/struck ... , killing ..
一个可怕的地震发生在….杀死了….
2. It was a cool autumn night when the earthquake happened. A large number of buildings fell down and roads were destroyed, leaving a great many people homeless.
地震发生在一个凉爽的秋夜。大量的建筑物倒塌，道路被毁,许多人无家可归。
3. With the help of the rescue team, people who were the trapped in the flood were saved.
在救援队的帮助下，困在洪水中的人们得救了。
4. Clearly/Obviously/In my opinion/It seemed that people were shocked.
显然/在我看来/似乎人们震惊了。
6.The whole city was in ruins after the earthquake.
地震后整个城市成了一片废墟。
7. Human activity is an indispensable factor causing natural disasters.
人类自身的活动是造成自然灾害的一个不可或缺的因素。
8. In the past hundred years, there have been frequent natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, earthquakes, and new deserts.
在过去的几百年里，自然灾难不断，例如洪水，干旱，地震和沙漠化。
9. The disasters have killed millions upon millions of people, destroyed countless homes, and wiped out numerous pieces of fertile land.
灾难杀死了无数人，损毁了很多房子，破坏了很多肥沃的土地。
10. Now more and more people become aware that those disasters have much to do with what we have done to the earth.
现在越来越多的人意识到了灾难在很大程度上与我们人类的行为有关。
02-单元重点词汇背记
1． adj. 最重要的；最高级别的 n. (公司或机构的)首领；酋长
2． adj. 附近的；邻近的 adv. 在附近
3． vi. 应在(某处)；适应
4． n. 地方；地点；位置
5． n. 战役；搏斗 vi.&vt. 搏斗；奋斗
6． adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的
7． n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电
8． n. 金额；数量
9． n. 方法；途径；接近vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理vi. 靠近
10． vt. 保证；确保；担保
11． adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
12． n. 位置；姿态；职位
13． adj. 热切的；渴望的
14． n. 诗人
15． n. 风俗；习俗；习惯
1．chief adj. 最重要的；最高级别的 n. (公司或机构的)首领；酋长
2．nearby adj. 附近的；邻近的 adv. 在附近
3．belongvi. 应在(某处)；适应
4．location n. 地方；地点；位置
5．battle n. 战役；搏斗 vi.&vt. 搏斗；奋斗
6．fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的
7．charge n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电
8．amount n. 金额；数量
9．approach n. 方法；途径；接近vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理vi. 靠近
10．ensurevt. 保证；确保；担保
11．generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
12．position n. 位置；姿态；职位
13．eager adj. 热切的；渴望的
14．poet n. 诗人
15．custom n. 风俗；习俗；习惯
03-单元核心词形拓展
1．die vi.死；死亡→ n．死；死亡→ adj.死去的→ adj.致命的
2．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→ n. 感情；喜爱
3．effect n．影响；结果；效果→ adj.有效的→ adv.有效地
4．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊→ adj.令人震惊的→ adj.震惊的
5．electricity n．电；电能→ adj. 用电的；电动的→ adj.与电有关的
6．breath n．呼吸→ vi.&vt.呼吸
7．wisdom n. 智慧；才智→ adj. 充满智慧的；明智的；英明的
8．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→ n．折磨；苦难
9．survive vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过→ n．幸存→ n．幸存者
10．power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→ adj.有权势的；强有力的→ adj.无权的；无能力的
11．deliver vt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表→ n．传送；递送；演讲方式
12．long adj.长的→ n．长；长度→ v. (使)变长
1．die vi.死；死亡→death n．死；死亡→dead adj.死去的→deadly adj.致命的
2．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→affection n. 感情；喜爱
3．effect n．影响；结果；效果→ effective adj.有效的→effectively adv.有效地
4．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊→ shocking adj.令人震惊的→ shocked adj.震惊的
5．electricity n．电；电能→ electric adj. 用电的；电动的→ electrical adj.与电有关的
6．breath n．呼吸→ breathe vi.&vt.呼吸
7．wisdom n. 智慧；才智→ wise adj. 充满智慧的；明智的；英明的
8．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．折磨；苦难
9．survive vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过→survival n．幸存→ survivorn．幸存者
10．power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→ powerful adj.有权势的；强有力的→ powerless adj.无权的；无能力的
11．deliver vt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表→ delivery n．传送；递送；演讲方式
12．long adj.长的→ length n．长；长度→ lengthen v. (使)变长
04-单元阅读词汇识记
magnitude n．
2．evacuate vt. & vi. 3．revive vt.&vi.
4．unify vi.&vt.
5．context n.
6．tap vi.&vt. n.
7．pipe n.
8．whistle vi. n.
9．emergency n.
10．kit n.
1．magnitude n． (地)震级；重大
2．evacuate vt. 疏散；撤出 vi. 撤离
3．revive vt.&vi. 复活；(使)苏醒
4．unify vi.&vt. 统一；(使)成一体
5．context n. 上下文；语境；背景
6．tap vi.&vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n. 水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
7．pipe n. 管子；管道
8．whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声vt. 吹口哨 n. 哨子(声)；呼啸声
9．emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况
10．kit n. 成套工具；成套设备
05-单元重点词块闪记
1． 似乎；好像；仿佛
2． 严重受损；破败不堪
3． 震惊；吃惊
4． 结束；终结
5． 挖掘出；发现
6． ……的数目
7． 仅仅；只是
8． 吹走
9． 横穿
10． 站起来
11． 露天；在户外
12． 执行；实施；贯彻；完成
13． 出于感激
14． 跌倒；倒塌
15． 朝四面八方
1．as_if 似乎；好像；仿佛
2．in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
3．in_shock 震惊；吃惊
4．come_to_an_end 结束；终结
5．dig_out 挖掘出；发现
6．the_number_of ……的数目
7．nothing_but 仅仅；只是
8．blow_away 吹走
9．cut_across 横穿
10．get_up_on_one's_feet 站起来
11．in_the_open_air 露天；在户外
12．carry_out 执行；实施；贯彻；完成
13．out_of_gratitude 出于感激
14．fall_down 跌倒；倒塌
15．in_all_directions 朝四面八方
Part 2 单元核心词汇精讲精练
考点1 .affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动
[教材原句] 82 killed,500,000 affected (P49) 82人丧生,50万人受影响
【拓展】
(1)be affected by 受……的影响；被……感动
be affected/infected by 感染……疾病
(2)affection n. 喜爱
show/have/feel much/an affection for... (非常)喜欢……，(非常)喜爱……
(3)effect n. 作用；影响
have an effect on /upon sth 对……产生影响
in effect事实上;实际上;有效的
come into effect/take effect(法律、规划或制度)生效;实施
of no effect 没有效果的;没有影响的
side effect副作用
put/bring sth into effect实施;实行;使生效
cause and effect因果
(4)effective adj.有效的
effectively adv.有效地;实际上
【经典练】
[写出下列句中affect的含义]
The places where we live can affect our thoughts and behaviours. __________
(2)Deeply affected by the film,the audience couldn’t hold back tears._____________
(3)A lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.___________
[单句语法填空]
(4)As I _________by the show the White Snake Legend,I began to develop a deep ________ for Peking Opera. (affect)
(5)Sandstorms also reduce visibility,________ (affect) airplanes and road transportation.
(6)[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]While running regularly can’t make you live forever,the review says it is more __________(effect) at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.
(7)[2020·北京卷]People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more ________ (effect).
[写美]
(8)鲁迅一生创作了大量的小说，对中国文学产生了深远的影响。
During his lifetime, Lu Xun wrote a great number of excellent novels，_______________________________________．
(9)I was deeply affected by the film Hi Mom and couldn't hold back tears.
→______________________，I couldn't hold back tears.(分词短语作状语)
[小话题写作]
(10)交通问题不仅影响着我们的日常生活,而且也可能威胁到人们的生命。
The traffic issue not only ____________________,but may also threaten people’s lives.
答案: (1)影响 (2)(感情上)深深打动 (3)(疾病)侵袭,使感染(4)was affected affection (5)affecting (6)effective (7)effectively (8)all of which have a profound effect on Chinese literature (9)Deeply affected by the film Hi Mom (10)affects our everyday life
考点2.bury vt.埋葬；安葬
[教材原句]Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来，并掩埋了死者。
(1) bury... in... 把……埋到……里；使……沉浸于……
bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
(2)be buried in... = Bury oneself in (doing.)... 埋头于；专心于；沉浸于
【经典练】
单句语法填空
①The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, ________ (bury) herself in the book.
②Though _________(bury) in the ruins for about 70 hours after the earthquake, the man managed to survive.
[写美句]——句式升级
Because he buried himself in playing the flute, he didn't know it was raining .
→③______________ playing the flute , he was not aware it was raining . (现在分词短语作状语)
→④__________ playing the flute, he was not aware it was raining . (过去分词短语作状语)
[佳句]⑤He _______________________________ when his team lost the game.
当他的球队输掉比赛时，他掩面而泣。
表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：
①be absorbed/engaged in
②be devoted to=devote oneself to
③be lost in =lose oneself in
④focus/concentrate on
⑤ be immersed in 沉浸在
⑥fix/concentrate one's attention on
答案:①burying ②buried ③Burying himself in ④Buried in ⑤buried his face in his hands and wept
考点3.effort n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
[教材原句] With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people,a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.(P50) 在政府的大力支持和全市人民的不懈努力下,一个崭新的唐山在地震废墟上崛起。
【拓展】
with great effort努力
without effort毫不费力地
in an effort to do sth为了做某事
put effort into (doing) sth努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth不遗余力地做某事
it takes effort to do sth做某事需要努力
make every effort to do sth尽全力做某事
make an effort/efforts to do sth努力做某事
【经典练】
【单句语法填空】
①A good environment depends on the ______(effort) made by everyone.
②No one can achieve anything _______effort.
[完成句子]
(3)父母为孩子安排好一切,不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。
Parents arrange everything for their children and ______________ pave the way for their success.
(4)我厌恶那些不努力的人。
I dislike people who don’t ______________.
(5)公司为节省资金解雇了150名工人。
The company has laid off 150 workers ____________________save money.
(6)He_________________________________________(不遗余力地练习说英语) every day.
【写作佳句】
If I am lucky enough to be elected,I will make every effort to serve for the benefit of students and our club.
如果我有幸当选,我将尽最大努力为同学们和俱乐部的利益服务。
答案: (1)to supply (2) of (3)supplies (4)in (5)supplied (6)supplied plenty of food and clothes to (7)supplied the local people with plenty of food and clothes
考点4.supply n. [pl.] 补给品;供应(量);补给vt. 供应;供给
[教材原句] The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.(P52) 向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。
【拓展】
(1)water supply供水
be in short supply供不应求
a supply/supplies of...……的供应
supply and demand供求关系
medical supplies 医疗用品
(2)supply sb/sth with sth=supply sth to sb/sth给……提供某物
[联想] 表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有：
provide sb. with sth.＝provide sth. for sb.
offer sb. sth.＝offer sth. to sb.
give away sth. to sb.
【经典练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)They used the money to supply (supply) the school with new textbooks.
(2)Whenever she goes out with her baby,she always takes a large supply of baby food with her.
(3)Food supplies (supply) in the flood-stricken area are running out.
(4)During the outbreak of the epidemic ,medical masks were ____ short supply in every area.
(5)[2021·全国乙卷]For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data ________ (supply) by the World Atlas list so far.
[写美]——一句多译
政府在地震后已经向当地人民提供了大量的食物和衣物。(supply)
(6)The government ____________________________ the local people since the earthquake occurred.
(7)The government ________________________________________ since the earthquake occurred.
答案:(1)efforts (2)without (3)spare no effort to (4)make an effort (5)in an effort to (6)spares no effort to practice speaking English
考点5.shock n. 震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt. (使)震惊
[教材原句] People were in shock—and then,later that afternoon,another big quake shook Tangshan again.(P50) 人们惊呆了——接着,在那天下午晚些时候,另一场大地震再次震撼了唐山。
【拓展】
(1)be a shock to ... 使……吃惊
in shock 震惊；吃惊
(2)shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的
be shocked at/by 对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊
(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
(4) cultural shock 文化冲突
[名师点津]
shock表示“吃惊;震惊;令人震惊的事情”时是可数名词,表示“(身心受到的)打击;震惊”和“休克”时是不可数名词。
【经典练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)Everyone in the street ________ (shock) when they heard the news.
(2)________ (shock) by the explosion,people ran about in the street.
(3)His not passing the final exam was a great shock________ his parents.
(4)I was shocked ________ (hear) that our factory would have to close.
(5)The great fire was _____ great shock to us all.
(6)We are _________ (shock) that so many people were injured or died in the Wenchuan earthquake.
(7)I was shocked ________ (hear) that a large number of pangolins (穿山甲）were being killed for their medical value.
(8)The news of his sudden death is so _______ that everyone is very much shocked at it.(shock)
[完成句子]
(9)他们在过去的几年里取得了惊人的成就,令许多人震惊。
____________________________________________________.
答案:(1)was shocked(2)Shocked(3)to (4)to hear (5)a (6)shocked (7) to hear (8) shocking (9)They have made amazing achievements in the past few years,shocking many people.
考点6.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
[教材原句]Some were found alive,though they were suffering from terrible injuries,but others had already stopped breathing when they were discovered.(P51) 有些人被发现时还活着,虽然他们受了重伤,但其他人被发现时已经停止了呼吸。
【拓展】
(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏
suffer from 受……折磨；患……病
(2)suffering n. 痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事
sufferer n. 受难者；患病者
【经典练】
单句语法填空
(1)Among obese children,about 30 percent also suffer ________high levels of blood sugar and fat.
(2)The old man is said to have gone through varieties of ________ (suffer) during the war.
(3)Shortly after________(suffer) from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins,the city took on a new look.
(4)Relief food and clothing should be quickly sent to the ________ (suffer) from the great fire.
[小话题写作]
(5)尽管遭受如此严重的自然灾害,但只要不灰心,我们终会克服困难。
______________________________________________________________________________.
答案: (1) from (2)sufferings (3)suffering(4) sufferers (5) Although we are suffering such a severe natural disaster,we will eventually overcome the difficulty as long as we don’t lose heart.
考点7.come to an end 结束；终结
【拓展】
at the end of 在……尽头；在……末端
by the end of 到……结束时；到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)
in the end 最后；终于
be at an end 结束
(2)put/bring ... to an end
put an end to ... 使……结束
come to an end 完成；结束
(3) make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出
(4) end up with 以……结束
end up doing 最终在做某事
【经典练】
1.At first she refused to admit her mistake , but she ended up ___________ (apologize) to the public．There was no doubt that her acting career ___________________( 即将结束）.
2.When our day’s work was ________________, everybody felt tired and hungry.
当一天工作结束时，大家觉得又累又饿。
3.__________________________ we had sold over 2000 tickets.
到本周末为止，我们已经售完2000张票。
He tried many times to pass the exam and _____________ he succeeded.他尝试了许多次，最后终于成功通过了。
答案:1.apologizing was coming to an end 2.at an end 3.By the end of this weekend 4. in the end
考点8.in ruins严重受损；破败不堪；成为废墟；毁灭
[教材原句] In less than one minute,a large city lay in ruins.(P50) 不到一分钟,一座大城市化为了废墟。
【拓展】
(1)ruin oneself自我毁灭
ruin one’s hope/chance/fame/future毁坏某人的希望/机会/名誉/未来
(2)in ruins严重受损;破败不堪
be/lie in ruins成为废墟;毁灭
fall into ruins成为废墟
bring...to ruin使……毁灭;使……没落
【经典练】
(单句语法填空)
1.Shortly after suffering from an earthquake and being reduced to ______ (ruin), the city took on a new look.
2.The whole town ________ (ruin) by the terrible hurricane last night.
3.Having gone through two world wars, the castle has fallen______ ruin.经历了两次世界大战，那座城堡已经破败不堪了。
[完成句子]
(4)地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟,这让我们彻夜未眠。
The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake,which made us awake all night.
(5)我们的假期被台风给毁了。
Our vacation ________ by the typhoon.
(6)宫殿被彻底摧毁了,而不是轻微受损,无法修复,留下的只是废墟。
The palace was destroyed completely rather than was slightly damaged,which can’t be repaired,____________.
答案: 1.ruins 2. was ruined 3. into 4. lay in ruins 5.was ruined 6.leaving only ruins
Part 3 单元重点句型精讲精练
考点1.as if似乎;好像;仿佛
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
【拓展】
(1)as if表示“仿佛,好像”,在句中引导表语从句,其意义和用法与as though相同。常跟在特定动词后面,如seem、look、taste、sound、feel等。
(2)as if引导方式状语从句时,常置于行为动词之后。
(3)as if/as though引导从句的语气:
①当从句所表达的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性比较大时,as if引导的从句要用陈述语气。
①Hurry up! It looks as if the train is going to move.
快点！看起来好像火车要开了。
②当从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，结构如下：
与现在事实相反 从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were)
与过去事实相反 从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done)
与将来事实相反 从句谓语动词用would/could/might do
②It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it
打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你对我说好像是我打破的似的？
[名师点津]
如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同,且含有be动词,可省略从句主语和be动词,这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。
【经典练】
单句语法填空
①He described the characters in the novel as if he _______(meet) them face to face.
②Eliza remembers everything exactly as if _________________________(好像发生在昨天).
③It seemed as if they _______________________(决不会有) the chance of working again.
④He opened his mouth as if____________ (say) something.
⑤The child talks to us as if he ______(be) a grownup.
⑥He talks big _______________________________.
他夸夸其谈，好像什么都知道似的。
⑦Mary’s description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I ________(be) there.
玛丽对晚会的描述很生动, 以至于我感觉好像我在那里一样。
⑧Look at the clouds in the sky! It looks ____________________________.
看看天上的云彩！看起来要下雨。
[写美]——读后续写佳句
⑨[2021·浙江卷6月，读后续写]靠近房子的时候，我注意到爸爸
妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁边，一脸悲伤。 好像发生了什么不愉快的
事情。
Upon approaching the house, I noticed my dad and mom standing beside the old truck, looking sad.____________________________.
答案: ①had met ②it happened yesterday ③were never going to have ④to say ⑤were ⑥as if he knew everything ⑦ had been ⑧as if it is going to rain ⑨It seemed as if something unpleasant happened
考点2.句型：be doing sth. when... 正在做某事，这时(突然)……
(教材原句)I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，突然水开始涌入家中。
【拓展】
be about to do...when... 正要做……这时(突然)……
be on the point of doing...when... 正要做……这时(突然)……
had just done...when... 刚做完……这时(突然)……
【经典练】
单句语法填空
1.She had just finished her homework ________ her mother asked her to play the piano.
2.I was about to give up ________ my best friend encouraged me to go on.
[完成句子]
3.约翰正在房间里学习,突然听到了一声尖叫。
John ________ in his room ______ he heard a scream.
4.我正要放弃,这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。
I ____________________________ my best friend encouraged me to go on.
5.她刚刚做完作业,妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。
She _____________________________ her mother asked her to practise playing the piano.
[写美句]——应用文佳句
6.[浙江卷，写作]上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。
Last Monday, I____________________________ I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.
7.2001年的一天，贾晓玲和她的母亲在骑自行车时被一辆车撞倒。
One day in 2001,Jia Xiaoling and her mom ______________________________________.
答案:1.when 2.when 3. was studying when 4.was on the point of giving up when 5.had just finished her homework when 6.was walking in the street when 7.were riding a bike together when they were hit by a car
Part 4单元核心词汇+句型即时跟踪检测
单词拼写
1.Everyone was shouting; it was difficult to keep __________（冷静的）in that condition.
【答案】calm
【解析】本题考查形容词。句意：每个人都在叫喊，在这种情况下很难保持平静。根据句意和首字母提示，keep calm保持平静，此处用形容词做表语。故填calm。
2.I like getting up early in the morning because the morning air is good to ______________ (呼吸).
【答案】breathe
【解析】本题考查动词。句意：我喜欢早晨早起，因为早上的空气清新，利于呼吸。be good to do sth.做某事好，固定短语；呼吸breathe，动词，符合句意，故填breathe。
3.It is assumed that a comet （撞击） into the earth long ago, thus causing the disappearance of dinosaurs.
【答案】crashed
【解析】本题考查动词。句意：据推测，一颗彗星在很久以前撞击地球，从而导致恐龙的消失……根据句意及所给首字母可知，此处是指“一颗彗星撞击了地球”；crash动词，碰撞；由句中时间状语“long ago”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，故填crashed。
4.There is a fire ____________ (通道) on each floor of the building.
【答案】exit
【解析】本题考查名词。句意：大楼的每一层都有一个消防通道。根据空前的a fire可知，“通道”exit应该用单数形式，故填exit。
5.It's our hope that we will play an increasingly greater role in the marketplace and, therefore, ______（提供） more jobs.
【答案】supply
【解析】本题考查动词。句意：我们希望在市场中发挥越来越大的作用，提供更多的就业机会。分析句子结构可知，设空处由and连接与前文play并列作谓语，应该用动词原形；根据首字母提示以及空后宾语more jobs可知，及物动词supply“提供”符合语境。故填supply。
6.You can guess the meaning of the word form the ______ (上下文).
【答案】context
【解析】本题考查名词。句意：你可以从上下文猜出这个词的意思。根据句意和汉语提示可知，context名词，意为“语境，上下文”，符合句意。根据空前the可知，此处表示特指，故
用名词单数。故填context。
7.Smoking will cause ___________（损害） to our health, which really matters a lot.
【答案】damage
【解析】本题考查名词。句意：吸烟会损害我们的健康，这真的很重要。由所给首字母可知，此处是指“吸烟会损害我们的健康”。damage名词，损害，伤害，是不可数名词。本空是句子的宾语，应该是名词形式。故填damage。
8.The accident resulting from her careless driving led to three ___________ (死亡).
【答案】deaths
【解析】本题考查名词。句意：她粗心驾驶导致的事故导致了三人死亡。由句子结构可知，设空处需用名词作介词宾语，死亡death，可数名词，前面有数词three修饰，所以用复数形式。故选deaths。
9.The volunteers will get all the supplies ___________ (派送) to the flood-hit area.
【答案】delivered
【解析】本题考查动词。句意：志愿者们将把所有的物资送到水灾灾区。结合句意和汉语提示，deliver派送，动词，符合题意；因all the supplies与deliver之间是被动关系，故用动词-ed形式表示被动。故填delivered。
10.Many people were a______________ (影响) by the virus and everyone hoped the disaster would come to an end.
【答案】affected
【解析】本题考查动词。句意：许多人受到病毒的影响，每个人都希望这场灾难能结束。根据首字母提示和提示词可知，affect影响，动词原形；设空处前有be动词were，设空处需用动词-ed形式，构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填affected。
11.The miners were __________（陷入困境）deep underground.
【答案】trapped
【解析】本题考查谓语动词的被动语态。句意：这些矿工被深深地困在地下。trap陷入困境；设空处前有be动词were，设空处需用动词-ed形式，构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填trapped。
12.We are very much aware of the lack（缺少）of food______________（供应，储备）.
【答案】supplies
【解析】本题考查名词。句意：我们完全了解食物供应的缺乏。根据句意可知，食物的供应food supplies, supply此处是名词，常用复数形式。故填supplies。
13.When I was 50, my weight problem began to ______ (影响) me seriously.
【答案】affect
【解析】本题考查动词。句意：当我50岁的时候，我的体重问题开始严重影响我。affect影响，动词；begin to do sth.固定用法，故此处填动词原形即可。故填affect。
14.She had an accident and was trapped in her car. Luckily two passers-by came to her a
（帮助）.
【答案】aid
【解析】本题考查名词。句意：她出了车祸，被困在车里。幸运的是有两个路人来帮助她。根据Luckily 可知要用aid，名词，帮助。come to one's aid是固定短语，来帮助某人。故填aid。
15.Leaflets have been d （递送） to every household.
【答案】delivered
【解析】本题考查动词。句意：传单已经送到每家每户。根据leaflets和to every household，可知传单已经送到每家每户。要用deliver，递送，传送，及物动词。且leaflets与deliver之间是被动关系，要用被动语态。根据句意，可知过去的动作对现在产生的影响，要用现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+been+过去分词。deliver的过去分词delivered。故填delivered。
16.In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his lifetime outstanding ______ (成就).
【答案】achievements
【解析】本题考查名词。句意：1972年，他因一生的杰出成就而获得奥斯卡特别奖。形容词outstanding后需接名词；结合句意和汉语提示可知，achievement“成就”，符合题意，此处表示泛指，需用复数。故填achievements。
17.We must make ___________ (安排) for the meeting.
【答案】arrangements
【解析】本题考查名词。句意：我们必须为会议做安排。分析句子可知，make后需跟名词作宾语，“安排”arrangement，是可数名词；根据语境可知，此处应用名词复数，即arrangements。故填arrangements。
18.We have _________（帮助） him in finishing the work ahead of time.
【答案】aided
【解析】本题考查动词。句意：我们已经帮助他提前完成了这项工作。根据句意和首字母提示可知，空处所缺为“帮助”，aid；根据have可知，使用了现在完成时态have done，所以空处动词需用其动词-ed形式aided。故填aided。
19.It was difficult to comprehend（理解）the full scale of the __________（灾难）.
【答案】disaster
【解析】本题考查名词。句意：对这场灾难的深重程度是很难充分认识到的。the scale of the disaster意为“灾难程度”，为不可数名词。故填disaster。
20.The great success is achieved through our ________（努力）.
【答案】efforts
【解析】本题考查名词。句意：通过我们的________（努力）取得了巨大的成功。through one’s efforts通过某人的努力。故填efforts。
单句语法填空
1.Mount Kilauea is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii.The____________ (erupt) of it is always taking people by surprise.
【答案】eruption
【解析】本题考查动词转化名词。句意：基拉韦厄山是夏威夷最活跃的火山之一。它的爆发总是让人们大吃一惊。根据句意，此处表示“爆发”，短语the eruption of...意为“。。。。。。的爆发”故用名词eruption形式。故填eruption。
2.Local people expect the___________ (revive) of this old tradition.
【答案】revival
【解析】本题考查动词转化名词。句意：当地人期待着这个旧传统的复兴。根据句意，此处表示“复兴，振兴”，作介词of的宾语，故用名词revival作宾语。故填revival。
3.What they have done leads to the development of________________(electricity) engineering.
【答案】electrical
【解析】本题考查名词转化形容词。句意：他们所做的一切导致了电力工程的发展。根据句意，此处表示“与电力相关的”，故用形容词electrical作定语。故填electrical。
4.It is not always easy to tell whether you are faced with a real_____________(emergent).
【答案】emergency
【解析】本题考查形容词转化名词。句意：要判断你是否面临着一个真实的紧急情况并不总是容易的。根据句意，此处表示“紧急情况”，故用名词emergency作宾语。故填emergency。
5.People in earthquake-hit areas began to recover slowly from their nightmare of pain and_________(suffer).
【答案】suffering
【解析】本题考查动词转化名词。句意：地震灾区的人们开始从痛苦和折磨的噩梦中慢慢恢复过来。根据句意，此处表示“痛苦，折磨”，并且and连接并列成分，故用名词suffering。故填suffering。
6.It (strike) Tom that what he'd said about Helen applied to him too.
【答案】struck
【解析】本题考查谓语动词过去时。句意：汤姆感到震惊的是，他所说的关于海伦的话也适用于他。根据其后的applied可知，此处也是指过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时，句中谓语动词用过去式形式。故填struck。
7.A great many houses ______ (destroy) in the earthquake and many people became homeless.
【答案】were destroyed
【解析】本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：许多房屋在地震中被毁，许多人无家可归。主语houses和动词destroy“毁坏”之间是被动关系，根据and many people became homeless.可知用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为was/were+过去分词，主语是复数名词，所以用be动词were，destroy过去分词destroyed，故填were destroyed。
8.I was completely ________ (breath) when I got to the top of the mountain.
【答案】breathless
【解析】本题考查名词转化形容词。句意：当我到达山顶时，累得上气不接下气。系动词后跟形容词做表语，且根据下文when I got to the top of the mountain可知此处填写形容词
breathless，故填breathless。
9.The plane ____________(crash) into the mountain, but luckily the pilot survived.
【答案】crashed
【解析】本题考查谓语动词过去时。句意：飞机在大山里坠机了，但幸运的是飞行员活下来了。根据句子结构可知，此空用作谓语，又根据后面的survived可知，时态是一般过去时；crash撞击，（飞机）撞机，坠毁，（汽车）撞车，故填crashed。
10.He took a deep ______ (breathe) and dived into the pool.
【答案】breath
【解析】本题考查动词转化成名词。句意：他深吸了一口气，跳进了游泳池。根据句意及句子结构可知，需要填入名词breath, take a deep breath意为“深呼吸”，固定短语。故填breath。
11.His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and ______ (deliver) newspapers.
【答案】delivering
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：他父母总是让他给花园除草、倒垃圾、送报纸。分析句子结构可知，have sb. doing sth.为固定搭配，空格处与weeding和carrying并列；根据中文释义和首字母提示可知，deliver递送，符合题意。故填delivering。
12._____________ (bury) in his work, Jim simply forgot food and sleep.
【答案】Buried
【解析】本题考查过去分词作状语。句意：Jim忙于工作，他都忘记了吃饭和睡觉。be buried in sth.忙于做某事。此处考查动词-ed形式作状语。故填Buried。
13.The smell is proving to be an increasingly________________(power) tool in encouraging people to buy.
【答案】powerful
【解析】本题考查名词转化形容词。句意：事实证明，这种气味是鼓励人们购买的一种越来越有力的工具。根据句意，此处表示“强有力的”，故用形容词powerful作定语。故填powerful。
14.The soldiers did all they could to rescue the only__________ (survive) regardless of the danger of after shock.
【答案】survivor
【解析】本题考查动词转化名词。句意：士兵们尽其所能营救唯一的幸存者，而不顾休克后的危险。根据句意，此处表示“幸存者”，故用名词survivor。故填survivor。
15.He is not such a fool as he looks like.In fact, he's a man of great_____________(wise) who seems stupid.
【答案】wisdom
【解析】本题考查形容词转化名词。句意：他并不像他看上去那么傻。事实上，他是一个大智若愚的人。根据句意，此处表示“智慧”，短语 a man of great wisdom意为“一个有智慧的人”，故用名词wisdom。故填wisdom。
完成句子
1. 地震之后，这座教堂成为了废墟。
After the earthquake, this church 2.他已经经历了所有的困难，最终获得了成功。
He all the difficulties and achieved success eventually.
3. 在考试中，要确保你写的所有东西都是跟问题相关的。
In the exam, that everything you write is related to the questions you have been asked.
4.那位老人自 1997 年就患有呼吸道疾病。
The old man respiratory diseases since 1997.
5. 他表现得好像没有事情发生一样。
He behaved nothing had happened.
6.我发现他像往常一样在花园里做着美梦。
I found him in the garden, dreaming away
医生建议青少年应该在户外锻炼。
The doctor suggests that teenagers should exercise
8. 他专心致志地学习，甚至没有注意到别人已经离开。
study, he didn’t even notice that other people have left.
9.现在，先用你手上现有的东西完成任务。
Now then, use what you have to finish the task first.
10.我们谈话中提及的那部电影很棒。
The movie in our conversation was great.
1.lay in ruins 2.has gone through 3 .make sure 4.has suffered from 5. as if 6. as usual 7.in the open air 8.Buried in 9.on hand 10. referred to必修1 Unit4 Natural Disasters
Part 1 单元词汇过关
01-单元主题写作词汇积累--自然灾害
词汇
1.Environment n. 环境
2.powerful adj.强大的
3.protect vt.保护
4.prevent vt 防止
5.decrease v. 减少
6.damage n. 损害
7. destroy vt 毁灭
8. rescue vt 拯救
9. spoil vt 破坏
10.construct vt 建设
11. beautify vt. 美化 .
12.earthquake n.地震
13.typhoon n.台风
14.erupt vt. 爆发
15.eruption n.爆发
16.volcano n.火山
17.drought n.干旱
18.catastrophe n.大灾难
19.disaster n.灾难
20.shocking adj.震惊的
精品句式
1. A terrible storm hit/struck ... , killing ..
一个可怕的地震发生在….杀死了….
2. It was a cool autumn night when the earthquake happened. A large number of buildings fell down and roads were destroyed, leaving a great many people homeless.
地震发生在一个凉爽的秋夜。大量的建筑物倒塌，道路被毁,许多人无家可归。
3. With the help of the rescue team, people who were the trapped in the flood were saved.
在救援队的帮助下，困在洪水中的人们得救了。
4. Clearly/Obviously/In my opinion/It seemed that people were shocked.
显然/在我看来/似乎人们震惊了。
6.The whole city was in ruins after the earthquake.
地震后整个城市成了一片废墟。
7. Human activity is an indispensable factor causing natural disasters.
人类自身的活动是造成自然灾害的一个不可或缺的因素。
8. In the past hundred years, there have been frequent natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, earthquakes, and new deserts.
在过去的几百年里，自然灾难不断，例如洪水，干旱，地震和沙漠化。
9. The disasters have killed millions upon millions of people, destroyed countless homes, and wiped out numerous pieces of fertile land.
灾难杀死了无数人，损毁了很多房子，破坏了很多肥沃的土地。
10. Now more and more people become aware that those disasters have much to do with what we have done to the earth.
现在越来越多的人意识到了灾难在很大程度上与我们人类的行为有关。
02-单元重点词汇背记
1． adj. 最重要的；最高级别的 n. (公司或机构的)首领；酋长
2． adj. 附近的；邻近的 adv. 在附近
3． vi. 应在(某处)；适应
4． n. 地方；地点；位置
5． n. 战役；搏斗 vi.&vt. 搏斗；奋斗
6． adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的
7． n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电
8． n. 金额；数量
9． n. 方法；途径；接近vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理vi. 靠近
10． vt. 保证；确保；担保
11． adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
12． n. 位置；姿态；职位
13． adj. 热切的；渴望的
14． n. 诗人
15． n. 风俗；习俗；习惯
03-单元核心词形拓展
1．die vi.死；死亡→ n．死；死亡→ adj.死去的→ adj.致命的
2．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→ n. 感情；喜爱
3．effect n．影响；结果；效果→ adj.有效的→ adv.有效地
4．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊→ adj.令人震惊的→ adj.震惊的
5．electricity n．电；电能→ adj. 用电的；电动的→ adj.与电有关的
6．breath n．呼吸→ vi.&vt.呼吸
7．wisdom n. 智慧；才智→ adj. 充满智慧的；明智的；英明的
8．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→ n．折磨；苦难
9．survive vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过→ n．幸存→ n．幸存者
10．power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→ adj.有权势的；强有力的→ adj.无权的；无能力的
11．deliver vt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表→ n．传送；递送；演讲方式
12．long adj.长的→ n．长；长度→ v. (使)变长
04-单元阅读词汇识记
magnitude n．
2．evacuate vt. & vi. 3．revive vt.&vi.
4．unify vi.&vt.
5．context n.
6．tap vi.&vt. n.
7．pipe n.
8．whistle vi. n.
9．emergency n.
10．kit n.
05-单元重点词块闪记
1． 似乎；好像；仿佛
2． 严重受损；破败不堪
3． 震惊；吃惊
4． 结束；终结
5． 挖掘出；发现
6． ……的数目
7． 仅仅；只是
8． 吹走
9． 横穿
10． 站起来
11． 露天；在户外
12． 执行；实施；贯彻；完成
13． 出于感激
14． 跌倒；倒塌
15． 朝四面八方
Part 2 单元核心词汇精讲精练
考点1 .affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动
[教材原句] 82 killed,500,000 affected (P49) 82人丧生,50万人受影响
【拓展】
(1)be affected by 受……的影响；被……感动
be affected/infected by 感染……疾病
(2)affection n. 喜爱
show/have/feel much/an affection for... (非常)喜欢……，(非常)喜爱……
(3)effect n. 作用；影响
have an effect on /upon sth 对……产生影响
in effect事实上;实际上;有效的
come into effect/take effect(法律、规划或制度)生效;实施
of no effect 没有效果的;没有影响的
side effect副作用
put/bring sth into effect实施;实行;使生效
cause and effect因果
(4)effective adj.有效的
effectively adv.有效地;实际上
【经典练】
[写出下列句中affect的含义]
The places where we live can affect our thoughts and behaviours. __________
(2)Deeply affected by the film,the audience couldn’t hold back tears._____________
(3)A lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.___________
[单句语法填空]
(4)As I _________by the show the White Snake Legend,I began to develop a deep ________ for Peking Opera. (affect)
(5)Sandstorms also reduce visibility,________ (affect) airplanes and road transportation.
(6)[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]While running regularly can’t make you live forever,the review says it is more __________(effect) at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.
(7)[2020·北京卷]People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more ________ (effect).
[写美]
(8)鲁迅一生创作了大量的小说，对中国文学产生了深远的影响。
During his lifetime, Lu Xun wrote a great number of excellent novels，_______________________________________．
(9)I was deeply affected by the film Hi Mom and couldn't hold back tears.
→______________________，I couldn't hold back tears.(分词短语作状语)
[小话题写作]
(10)交通问题不仅影响着我们的日常生活,而且也可能威胁到人们的生命。
The traffic issue not only ____________________,but may also threaten people’s lives.
考点2.bury vt.埋葬；安葬
[教材原句]Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来，并掩埋了死者。
(1) bury... in... 把……埋到……里；使……沉浸于……
bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
(2)be buried in... = Bury oneself in (doing.)... 埋头于；专心于；沉浸于
【经典练】
单句语法填空
①The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, ________ (bury) herself in the book.
②Though _________(bury) in the ruins for about 70 hours after the earthquake, the man managed to survive.
[写美句]——句式升级
Because he buried himself in playing the flute, he didn't know it was raining .
→③______________ playing the flute , he was not aware it was raining . (现在分词短语作状语)
→④__________ playing the flute, he was not aware it was raining . (过去分词短语作状语)
[佳句]⑤He _______________________________ when his team lost the game.
当他的球队输掉比赛时，他掩面而泣。
表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：
①be absorbed/engaged in
②be devoted to=devote oneself to
③be lost in =lose oneself in
④focus/concentrate on
⑤ be immersed in 沉浸在
⑥fix/concentrate one's attention on
考点3.effort n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
[教材原句] With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people,a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.(P50) 在政府的大力支持和全市人民的不懈努力下,一个崭新的唐山在地震废墟上崛起。
【拓展】
with great effort努力
without effort毫不费力地
in an effort to do sth为了做某事
put effort into (doing) sth努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth不遗余力地做某事
it takes effort to do sth做某事需要努力
make every effort to do sth尽全力做某事
make an effort/efforts to do sth努力做某事
【经典练】
【单句语法填空】
①A good environment depends on the ______(effort) made by everyone.
②No one can achieve anything _______effort.
[完成句子]
(3)父母为孩子安排好一切,不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。
Parents arrange everything for their children and ______________ pave the way for their success.
(4)我厌恶那些不努力的人。
I dislike people who don’t ______________.
(5)公司为节省资金解雇了150名工人。
The company has laid off 150 workers ____________________save money.
(6)He_________________________________________(不遗余力地练习说英语) every day.
【写作佳句】
If I am lucky enough to be elected, _________________________________ serve for the benefit of students and our club.
如果我有幸当选,我将尽最大努力为同学们和俱乐部的利益服务。
考点4.supply n. [pl.] 补给品;供应(量);补给vt. 供应;供给
[教材原句] The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.(P52) 向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。
【拓展】
(1)water supply供水
be in short supply供不应求
a supply/supplies of...……的供应
supply and demand供求关系
medical supplies 医疗用品
(2)supply sb/sth with sth=supply sth to sb/sth给……提供某物
[联想] 表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有：
provide sb. with sth.＝provide sth. for sb.
offer sb. sth.＝offer sth. to sb.
give away sth. to sb.
【经典练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)They used the money to supply (supply) the school with new textbooks.
(2)Whenever she goes out with her baby,she always takes a large supply of baby food with her.
(3)Food supplies (supply) in the flood-stricken area are running out.
(4)During the outbreak of the epidemic ,medical masks were ____ short supply in every area.
(5)[2021·全国乙卷]For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data ________ (supply) by the World Atlas list so far.
[写美]——一句多译
政府在地震后已经向当地人民提供了大量的食物和衣物。(supply)
(6)The government ____________________________ the local people since the earthquake occurred.
(7)The government ________________________________________ since the earthquake occurred.
考点5.shock n. 震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt. (使)震惊
[教材原句] People were in shock—and then,later that afternoon,another big quake shook Tangshan again.(P50) 人们惊呆了——接着,在那天下午晚些时候,另一场大地震再次震撼了唐山。
【拓展】
(1)be a shock to ... 使……吃惊
in shock 震惊；吃惊
(2)shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的
be shocked at/by 对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊
(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
(4) cultural shock 文化冲突
[名师点津]
shock表示“吃惊;震惊;令人震惊的事情”时是可数名词,表示“(身心受到的)打击;震惊”和“休克”时是不可数名词。
【经典练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)Everyone in the street ________ (shock) when they heard the news.
(2)________ (shock) by the explosion,people ran about in the street.
(3)His not passing the final exam was a great shock________ his parents.
(4)I was shocked ________ (hear) that our factory would have to close.
(5)The great fire was _____ great shock to us all.
(6)We are _________ (shock) that so many people were injured or died in the Wenchuan earthquake.
(7)I was shocked ________ (hear) that a large number of pangolins (穿山甲）were being killed for their medical value.
(8)The news of his sudden death is so _______ that everyone is very much shocked at it.(shock)
[完成句子]
(9)他们在过去的几年里取得了惊人的成就,令许多人震惊。
____________________________________________________.
考点6.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
[教材原句]Some were found alive,though they were suffering from terrible injuries,but others had already stopped breathing when they were discovered.(P51) 有些人被发现时还活着,虽然他们受了重伤,但其他人被发现时已经停止了呼吸。
【拓展】
(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏
suffer from 受……折磨；患……病
(2)suffering n. 痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事
sufferer n. 受难者；患病者
【经典练】
单句语法填空
(1)Among obese children,about 30 percent also suffer ________high levels of blood sugar and fat.
(2)The old man is said to have gone through varieties of ________ (suffer) during the war.
(3)Shortly after________(suffer) from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins,the city took on a new look.
(4)Relief food and clothing should be quickly sent to the ________ (suffer) from the great fire.
[小话题写作]
(5)尽管遭受如此严重的自然灾害,但只要不灰心,我们终会克服困难。
______________________________________________________________________________.
考点7.come to an end 结束；终结
【拓展】
at the end of 在……尽头；在……末端
by the end of 到……结束时；到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)
in the end 最后；终于
be at an end 结束
(2)put/bring ... to an end
put an end to ... 使……结束
come to an end 完成；结束
(3) make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出
(4) end up with 以……结束
end up doing 最终在做某事
【经典练】
1.At first she refused to admit her mistake , but she ended up ___________ (apologize) to the public．There was no doubt that her acting career ___________________( 即将结束）.
2.When our day’s work was ________________, everybody felt tired and hungry.
当一天工作结束时，大家觉得又累又饿。
3.__________________________ we had sold over 2000 tickets.
到本周末为止，我们已经售完2000张票。
He tried many times to pass the exam and _____________ he succeeded.他尝试了许多次，最后终于成功通过了。
考点8.in ruins严重受损；破败不堪；成为废墟；毁灭
[教材原句] In less than one minute,a large city lay in ruins.(P50) 不到一分钟,一座大城市化为了废墟。
【拓展】
(1)ruin oneself自我毁灭
ruin one’s hope/chance/fame/future毁坏某人的希望/机会/名誉/未来
(2)in ruins严重受损;破败不堪
be/lie in ruins成为废墟;毁灭
fall into ruins成为废墟
bring...to ruin使……毁灭;使……没落
【经典练】
(单句语法填空)
1.Shortly after suffering from an earthquake and being reduced to ______ (ruin), the city took on a new look.
2.The whole town ________ (ruin) by the terrible hurricane last night.
3.Having gone through two world wars, the castle has fallen______ ruin.经历了两次世界大战，那座城堡已经破败不堪了。
[完成句子]
(4)地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟,这让我们彻夜未眠。
The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake,which made us awake all night.
(5)我们的假期被台风给毁了。
Our vacation ________ by the typhoon.
(6)宫殿被彻底摧毁了,而不是轻微受损,无法修复,留下的只是废墟。
The palace was destroyed completely rather than was slightly damaged,which can’t be repaired,____________.
Part 3 单元重点句型精讲精练
考点1.as if似乎;好像;仿佛
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
【拓展】
(1)as if表示“仿佛,好像”,在句中引导表语从句,其意义和用法与as though相同。常跟在特定动词后面,如seem、look、taste、sound、feel等。
(2)as if引导方式状语从句时,常置于行为动词之后。
(3)as if/as though引导从句的语气:
①当从句所表达的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性比较大时,as if引导的从句要用陈述语气。
①Hurry up! It looks as if the train is going to move.
快点！看起来好像火车要开了。
②当从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，结构如下：
与现在事实相反 从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were)
与过去事实相反 从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done)
与将来事实相反 从句谓语动词用would/could/might do
②It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it
打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你对我说好像是我打破的似的？
[名师点津]
如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同,且含有be动词,可省略从句主语和be动词,这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。
【经典练】
单句语法填空
①He described the characters in the novel as if he _______(meet) them face to face.
②Eliza remembers everything exactly as if _________________________(好像发生在昨天).
③It seemed as if they _______________________(决不会有) the chance of working again.
④He opened his mouth as if____________ (say) something.
⑤The child talks to us as if he ______(be) a grownup.
⑥He talks big _______________________________.
他夸夸其谈，好像什么都知道似的。
⑦Mary’s description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I ________(be) there.
玛丽对晚会的描述很生动, 以至于我感觉好像我在那里一样。
⑧Look at the clouds in the sky! It looks ____________________________.
看看天上的云彩！看起来要下雨。
[写美]——读后续写佳句
⑨[2021·浙江卷6月，读后续写]靠近房子的时候，我注意到爸爸
妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁边，一脸悲伤。 好像发生了什么不愉快的
事情。
Upon approaching the house, I noticed my dad and mom standing beside the old truck, looking sad.____________________________.
考点2.句型：be doing sth. when... 正在做某事，这时(突然)……
(教材原句)I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，突然水开始涌入家中。
【拓展】
be about to do...when... 正要做……这时(突然)……
be on the point of doing...when... 正要做……这时(突然)……
had just done...when... 刚做完……这时(突然)……
【经典练】
单句语法填空
1.She had just finished her homework ________ her mother asked her to play the piano.
2.I was about to give up ________ my best friend encouraged me to go on.
[完成句子]
3.约翰正在房间里学习,突然听到了一声尖叫。
John ________ in his room ______ he heard a scream.
4.我正要放弃,这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。
I ____________________________ my best friend encouraged me to go on.
5.她刚刚做完作业,妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。
She _____________________________ her mother asked her to practise playing the piano.
[写美句]——应用文佳句
6.[浙江卷，写作]上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。
Last Monday, I____________________________ I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.
7.2001年的一天，贾晓玲和她的母亲在骑自行车时被一辆车撞倒。
One day in 2001,Jia Xiaoling and her mom ______________________________________.
Part 4单元核心词汇+句型即时跟踪检测
单词拼写
1.Everyone was shouting; it was difficult to keep __________（冷静的）in that condition.
2.I like getting up early in the morning because the morning air is good to ______________ (呼吸).
3.It is assumed that a comet （撞击） into the earth long ago, thus causing the disappearance of dinosaurs.
4.There is a fire ____________ (通道) on each floor of the building.
5.It's our hope that we will play an increasingly greater role in the marketplace and, therefore, ______（提供） more jobs.
6.You can guess the meaning of the word form the ______ (上下文).
7.Smoking will cause ___________（损害） to our health, which really matters a lot.
8.The accident resulting from her careless driving led to three ___________ (死亡).
9.The volunteers will get all the supplies ___________ (派送) to the flood-hit area.
10.Many people were a______________ (影响) by the virus and everyone hoped the disaster would come to an end.
11.The miners were __________（陷入困境）deep underground.
12.We are very much aware of the lack（缺少）of food______________（供应，储备）.
13.When I was 50, my weight problem began to ______ (影响) me seriously.
14.She had an accident and was trapped in her car. Luckily two passers-by came to her a
（帮助）.
15.Leaflets have been d （递送） to every household.
16.In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his lifetime outstanding ______ (成就).
17.We must make ___________ (安排) for the meeting.
18.We have _________（帮助） him in finishing the work ahead of time.
19.It was difficult to comprehend（理解）the full scale of the __________（灾难）.
20.The great success is achieved through our ________（努力）.
单句语法填空
1.Mount Kilauea is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii.The____________ (erupt) of it is always taking people by surprise.
2.Local people expect the___________ (revive) of this old tradition.
3.What they have done leads to the development of________________(electricity) engineering.
4.It is not always easy to tell whether you are faced with a real_____________(emergent).
5.People in earthquake-hit areas began to recover slowly from their nightmare of pain and_________(suffer).
6.It (strike) Tom that what he'd said about Helen applied to him too.
7.A great many houses ______ (destroy) in the earthquake and many people became homeless.
8.I was completely ________ (breath) when I got to the top of the mountain.
9.The plane ____________(crash) into the mountain, but luckily the pilot survived.
10.He took a deep ______ (breathe) and dived into the pool.
11.His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and ______ (deliver) newspapers.
12._____________ (bury) in his work, Jim simply forgot food and sleep.
13.The smell is proving to be an increasingly________________(power) tool in encouraging people to buy.
14.The soldiers did all they could to rescue the only__________ (survive) regardless of the danger of after shock.
15.He is not such a fool as he looks like.In fact, he's a man of great_____________(wise) who seems stupid.
完成句子
1. 地震之后，这座教堂成为了废墟。
After the earthquake, this church
2.他已经经历了所有的困难，最终获得了成功。
He all the difficulties and achieved success eventually.
3. 在考试中，要确保你写的所有东西都是跟问题相关的。
In the exam, that everything you write is related to the questions you have been asked.
4.那位老人自 1997 年就患有呼吸道疾病。
The old man respiratory diseases since 1997.
5. 他表现得好像没有事情发生一样。
He behaved nothing had happened.
6.我发现他像往常一样在花园里做着美梦。
I found him in the garden, dreaming away
医生建议青少年应该在户外锻炼。
The doctor suggests that teenagers should exercise
8. 他专心致志地学习，甚至没有注意到别人已经离开。
study, he didn’t even notice that other people have left.
9.现在，先用你手上现有的东西完成任务。
Now then, use what you have to finish the task first.
10.我们谈话中提及的那部电影很棒。
The movie in our conversation was great.
