2024届高考英语复习：句子成分和基本句型课件(共45张PPT)

(共45张PPT)
句子成分与基本句型
课堂引入
Class-Leading
句式成分
01
难度：★★★☆☆
I love you.
主语
谓语
宾语
举个例子
知识讲解
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各部分在句子中所起的作用，可以把句子分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。
主语：句子所陈述的对象。
e.g. She smiles. 主语为she
e.g. I am a student. 主语为I
e.g. He likes playing football. 主语为He
谓语：主语所发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词（即实义动词）。
e.g. He went to school. 谓语为went（原形为go）
e.g. I want a gift. 谓语为want
e.g. She cried. 谓语为cried（原形为cry）
宾语：分为动词宾语和介词宾语，属于动作的承受者。
e.g. She likes English. 宾语为English
e.g. I want a gift. 宾语为a gift
e.g. He was waiting for a girl. 宾语为a girl
知识讲解
三大基本成分
主语：句子所陈述的对象。
e.g. She smiles. 主语为she
e.g. My English teacher stepped into the classroom. 主语为My English teacher
e.g. Zero is a number which means nothing. 主语为Zero
e.g. Playing the violin is not as hard as you think. 主语为Playing the violin
e.g. It's very nice to meet you. 主语为to meet
e.g. （必修一 Unit 4 Section 1）What we see on social media is ofen not the whole truth about a person.主语为What we see on social media
知识讲解
通常用名词、代词、数词、v-ing、动词不定式或从句等充当，多位于句首
谓语：主语所发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词（即实义动词）。
e.g. He went to school. 谓语为went（原形为go）
e.g. I want a gift. 谓语为want
e.g. She cried. 谓语为cried（原形为cry）
知识讲解
通常用行为动词（短语）等充当，位于主语之后
宾语：分为动词宾语和介词宾语，属于动作的承受者。
e.g. She likes English. 宾语为English
e.g. I want a gift. 宾语为a gift
e.g. He was waiting for a girl. 宾语为a girl
e.g. I decided to see a movie to do不定式作宾语
e.g. He enjoys reading. 动词ing作宾语
知识讲解
通常用名词、代词、数词、动词不定式（短语）、v-ing（短语）、句子等充当，位于及物动词或介词之后
例题1
下列选项中可以作为主语的是（ ）
A. The girl who called Lily
B. He
C. The bus
D. Tom
E. What I say to you
√
ABCDE
例题2
分析下面句子成分
1. I replied. 主语是____________，谓语是_____________。
2. I saw a white-haired man. 主语是________，谓语是________，宾语是________________。
3. We had all introduced ourselves. 主语是_________，谓语是__________，宾语是____________
I
replied
I
saw
white-haired man
we
introduced
ourselves
变式1
对下面句子成分的分析，不正确的是（ ）
Cooking up together gives us a chance to relax and catch up on each other's days.
A. Cooking up together 是本句的主语
B. gives是本句的谓语
C. us和a chance是本句的宾语
D. catch up是本句的谓语
D
变式2
下面划线处为宾语的是（ ）
A, For mom, a person who gives us life. I want to say Thank you!
B. The house where he lives is near the river.
C. She says that she will have to close the shop.
D. You can pay weekly or monthly.
(多选)
AC
谓语：主语所发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词（即实义动词）。
e.g. He went to school. 谓语为went（原形为go）
e.g. I want a gift. 谓语为want
e.g. She cried. 谓语为cried（原形为cry）
知识讲解
谓语、宾语的种类
简单谓语
He writes a letter to a girl.
I decided to explore a bit.
复合谓语
My mom is looking through the newspaper.
You should keep it next to your soul.
知识讲解
简单谓语
He writes a letter to a girl.
I decided to explore a bit.
由行为动词或行为动词短语构成
知识讲解
复合谓语
My mom is looking through the newspaper.
You should keep it next to your soul. （歌曲 Mountain Top)
由“情态动词或助动词+行为动词”构成
除了基本式do外，be doing, have done, have been doing, be done, will do, 情态动词+do整体都是谓语
知识讲解
复合谓语
The film is interesting.
She is a senior high school student.
由“（连）系动词+表语”构成
补充
找出下面是系动词+表语的复合谓语形式
1. By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer.
2. Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation.
3. He was a quiet man who rarely showed affection.
4. I see your monsters, I see your pain.
5. Apple pie sounds nice.
没错，你懵了
知识讲解
表语：紧跟系动词后面的成分。
e.g. It has become a common practice to pay tips.
e.g. The biggest obstacle is nervous.
e.g. The trouble is that I argued with her.
四种补充成分
由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、v-ing（短语）、分词或从句等充当，位于系动词后。
没错，你又懵了
知识讲解
五种基本句式
（连）系动词：说明主语的性质、特征、品性或状态，起连接作用。
我好像悟了
知识讲解
五种基本句式
常见的系动词
1. Be 动词
You are a great swimmer.
2. 感官动词
What beautiful flowers! And they smell nice too.
如be/am/is/are/was/were
如look（看起来）、sound（听起来）、smell（闻起来）、taste（尝起来）、feel（摸起来、感觉）
3. 变化类动词
It gets warmer and warmer, and the days get longer and longer.
如become, come, fall, get, go, grow, turn
知识讲解
五种基本句式
4. 保持类动词
The classroom keeps quiet for a few minutes.
如keep, remain, stay
知识讲解
五种基本句式
5. 好像类动词
(电影Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2)
It seems, despite your exhaustive defensive strategies,you still have a bit of a security problem, headmaster.
如seem, appear
(歌曲Sparkle)
(It) Seems like the world's still trying to tame me.
6. 证明类动词
This proves nothing.
如prove， turn out
我悟了
知识讲解
四种补充成分
定语：修饰限制名词或代词。
He is a handsome man. 定语为handsome
Hello World is a love animation. 定语为love
I want to know the difference between spoken English and written English
定语为spoken和written
The best movie which is directed by Jia Ling is Hi,Mom.
定语是________________________
想不到吧...给你留一手...
一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、名词所有格、介词短语、动词不定式短语、分词短语或从句充当
位于名词前或名词后
Best和which is directed by Jia Ling
知识讲解
四种补充成分
状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、伴随、条件、让步，程度、频率等
似曾相识的状语从句
I often get up at 6:30 so that I can get to school earlier , because I have the duty to make sure our classroom is clean and tidy. Although it is tiring, I feel happy if my classroom is just like my home, when the headmaster praised our class at school .How excited we are!
通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或从句等充当，可能出现在句首，句中，句末。
解锁你的专属名称
主语S，谓语V，宾语O，定语A，表语P，状语A
知识讲解
四种补充成分
例题3
确定下面句子划线成分
1. The campus was still quiet when I arrived. （ ）
2. I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.（ ）
3. I see a girl playing the violin（ ）
4. Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion unless he wants their support.（ ）
P
定
C
状
例题4
下面成分不是状语的是
A. She looked after her sister patiently.
B. He talked loudly.
C. He wrote a long letter.
D. She smiled like an angel.
例题4
下面句子划线部分做什么成分
I had always been delighted at how much my daughter noticed in her world.
A. 表语
B. 定语
C. 宾语
D. 同位语
五种基本句型
02
难度：★★★☆☆
知识讲解
五种基本句型
1. 主语+谓语（S+V）
E.g. I'm coming.
E.g. I replied.
E.g. She cried.
动词只要表意足够完整，无需补充
通常会使用不及物动词
在英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可以把动词分成两种：及物动词（vt.）与不及物动词（vi.）。
及物动词后面可直接加宾语，而不及物动词后面不可直接加宾语，一般要先加介词后再接宾语。
不及物动词没有被动形式
很多动词既是及物动词也是不及物动词
举例：begin, start, answer, sing, close等
知识讲解
五种基本句型
2. 主语+谓语+宾语（S+V+O）
知识讲解
五种基本句型
E.g. I was looking at the photos.
E.g. Lawyers help people.
E.g. Who knows the answer
谓语动词有实际的意思，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，后面必须有一个宾语，才能使意思完整。
你也可以用最简单的 I love you 举例子
知识讲解
五种基本句型
回顾一个搭配： 系动词+表语
3. 主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P）
E.g. It was my son Matthew's last night at home before going to college .
E.g. I'm glad to be back.
E.g. The year my dad turned 80.
该句式侧重说明主语的特征、身份等。
知识讲解
五种基本句型
补语：用于补全句意。多位于宾语之后。
E.g. You make me happy.
E.g. His word made me a lot more relaxed.
E.g. We call the Yangzi River our country's symbol.
可由名词（短语）、形容词、副词、不定式短语、分词（短语）或介词短语等充当。
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+C）
谓语动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语不能表达完整的意思，必须要加上一个补充成分说明宾语，才能使其意思完整。
主语S，谓语V，宾语O，定语A，表语P，状语A
补语 C
知识讲解
五种基本句型

知识讲解
五种基本句型
间接宾语(IO)和直接宾语(DO)
表示人的宾语是间接宾语，表物的宾语是直接宾语，即“人间物直”
E.g. He bought me a car.
E.g. She told me how to solve the problem.
E.g. He gave me a smile.
主语+谓语+间宾+直宾（S+V+IO+DO）
有些谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。
知识讲解
五种基本句型
区分主谓双宾和主谓宾宾补
方法：宾语和后面的那个成分相连，看是否构成句子
E.g. You make me happy.
me与happy间加系动词可构成句子
E.g. He gave me a smile.
me与a smile间加系动词也无法构成句子
知识讲解
五种基本句型
主谓双宾常见的谓语动词有tell，send，buy，give，lend.
主谓宾宾补常见的谓语动词有make，find，call，name， elect.
例题5
下面句子分析不正确的是
A. The foreigners here是主语，are impressed是谓语
B. the fact是宾语
C. from all walks of life是修饰people的状语
D. that...a new Tianjin是定语
The foreigners here are greatly impressed by the fact that people from all walks of life are working hard for a new Tianjin.
例题6
下面句子不含补语的是
A. I always find her happy.
B. I bought a flower to my girlfriend.
C. Your contribution will make the event a huge success.
D. I saw my sister playing the piano.
AB
Your student ID card identifies you as a student at the University of Bolton.
例题7
下面句子分析正确的是
A. Your student为主语
B. Identifies为不及物动词
C. you为宾语
D. as.....of Bolton为定语
BC
There be句型
03
难度：★★☆☆☆
知识讲解
There be句型
There be句型表示某处有某物，其中there为引导词，be为谓语动词，be后面的名词是主语，结尾是状语。
there be 有不同种时态，语态形式，也可以使用情态动词。
There be后有两个及以上的主语，则需采用就近原则策略。
There is a playground and many flowers in my school.
例题8
There _____ some orange juice and an apple
A. is
B. are
C. am
D. be