人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 2 Looking into the Future 外刊精读及练习（含答案）

高中英语选择性必修第一册Unit 2外刊精读及其练习
Can I Use A.I. to Grade My Students’ Papers
我可以使用人工智能给学生的论文评分吗？
grade v [名词动化] 给…评分；给…分数
paper n 论文；试卷；
I am a junior-high-school English teacher. In the past school year, there has been a significant increase in students’ cheating on writing assignments by using artificial intelligence. Our department feels that 13-year-old students will only become better writers if they practice and learn from the successes and challenges that come with that.
我是一名初中英语老师。在过去的学年中，学生在写作业中使用人工智能作弊的情况显著增加。我们部门认为， 13岁的学生只有通过练习，并从伴随练习过程而来的成功和挑战中学习，才能写出更好的文章。
increase n 增长
Recently our department tasked students with writing an argumentative essay, an assignment we supported by breaking down the process into multiple steps. The exercise took several days of class time and homework to complete. All of our students signed a contract agreeing not to use A.I. assistance, and parents promised to support the agreement by monitoring their children when they worked at home. Yet many students still used A.I.
最近，我们部门要求学生写一篇议论文，我们将写作过程分解成多个步骤，以使学生完成作业。这项练习需要花费几天的课堂时间和家庭作业时间才能完成。所有学生都签署了一份协议，同意不使用人工智能辅助，家长也承诺当孩子在家写作时监督他们，以支持这个协议。然而，仍然有许多学生使用了人工智能。
task v [名词动化] 交给某人（任务）；派给某人（工作）
argumentative adj 爱辩论的（argue + -ment + -ative）
break down 分解
assistance n 帮助；支持（assistant + -ce）
monitor v 监视；检查
Some of our staff members uploaded their grading rubric (提示) into an A.I.-assisted platform, and students uploaded their essays for assessment. The program admittedly has some strengths. Most notable, it gives students writing feedback and the opportunity to edit their work before final submission. The papers are graded within minutes, and the teachers are able to transfer the A.I. grade into their roll book.
我们的一些工作人员将他们的评分标准上传到人工智能辅助平台上，学生上传他们的论文进行评估。诚然，这个项目的确有一些优势。最值得注意的是，它能够为学生提供写作反馈，让他们有机会在最终提交之前编辑自己的作品。论文在几分钟内就能完成评分，并且教师可以将人工智能评分转到他们的名册上。
upload v 上传（up + load）
admittedly adv（尤用于句首）诚然；无可否认
strength n 优势；优点；长处
notable adj 值得注意的；显著的（note + -able）
submission n 提交 （submit + -ss + -ion,）
roll book 点名册
I find this to be hypocritical. I spend many hours grading my students’ essays. It’s tedious (冗长的) work, but I feel that it’s my responsibility — if a student makes an effort to complete the task, they should have my undivided attention during the assessment process.
我觉得这很虚伪。我花了很多时间批改学生的作文。这是一项繁琐的工作，但我觉得这是我的责任——如果学生努力完成了任务，在批改的过程中，他们就应该得到我全心全意的关注。
hypocritical adj 虚伪的
make an effort to 努力做某事
undivided adj 全部的；专注的（un- + divide -ed）
undivided attention 全神贯注
Here’s where I struggle: Should I embrace new technology and use A.I.-assisted grading to save time and my sanity (理智) even though I forbid my students from using it Is it unethical for teachers to ask students not to use A.I. to assist their writing but then allow an A.I. platform to grade their work — Name Withheld
这就是令我挣扎的地方：我是否应该接受新技术，使用人工智能辅助评分来节省时间和我的精力，即使我禁止我的学生使用人工智能？老师要求学生不能使用人工智能来辅助他们的写作，但却允许人工智能平台给他们的作文评分，这是否不道德？——匿名
embrace v [熟词生义] 欣然接受
unethical adj 不道德的 （un- + ethical）
withhold v 不给
From the Ethicist (伦理学家):
You have a sound rationale (根本原因) for discouraging your students from using A.I. to draft their essays. As with many other skills, writing well and thinking clearly will improve through practice. By contrast, you already know how to grade papers; you don’t need the practice.
来自伦理学家的观点：
你不鼓励学生使用人工智能来撰写作文，这是有充分理由的。与许多其他技能一样，良好的写作和清晰的思维会通过实践得到提高。相比之下，你已经知道如何批改作文；不需要再练习。
sound adj [熟词生义] 合理的
discourage v 阻止（dis- + courage）
draft v 起草；草拟
What matters is whether an A.I.-assisted platform can reliably appraise (作出评价) and diagnose your students’ writing, providing the explanation and guidance these students need to improve. In theory, such tools — and I see that there are several on the market, including from major educational publishers — have certain advantages. The hope is that they can grade without inconsistency, without getting tired, without being affected by the expectations that surely affect those of us who hand-grade student work.
重要的是人工智能辅助平台是否能给学生的写作作出可靠的评估和诊断，为学生提供改进所需的讲解和指导。理论上，这样的工具——我看到市场上有几种，包括来自大型教育出版商的工具——具有一定的优势。我们希望人工智能的评分标准统一，毫不疲倦，不会受到期望的影响，而我们这些人工批改学生作文的人必然会受其影响。
reliably adv 可靠地 （rely +-able + -ly）
diagnose v 判断（问题的原因）
inconsistency n 反复无常（in- + consistent + -y）
I notice you haven’t raised concerns about whether the platform provides reliable assessments; you’ll have to decide if it does. Provided the platform does a decent job of assessment, though, I don’t see why you must do it all yourself. You should review the A.I.-annotated (注释的) versions of your students’ writing, check that you agree with the output, and make notes of issues to bring up in class. But time saved in evaluating the papers might be better spent on other things — and by “better,” I mean better for the students. There are pedagogical (教学法的) functions, after all, that only you can perform.
我注意到你没有对人工智能平台是否提供可靠评估的问题提出担忧；你必须确定人工智能的评估是否可靠。然而，如果人工智能平台能很好地完成评估工作，我不明白你为什么必须要自己完成所有的工作。你应该检查学生作品的人工智能注释版本，检查你是否同意人工智能给出的结论，并记下问题，以便在课堂上讲解。但是，在评估作文方面节省的时间可能花在别的事情上会更好—— 我所说的更好是指对学生更好。毕竟，有些教学功能只有你才能完成。
reliable adj（rely + -able）可靠的
provided conj 如果；假如；在…条件下
decent adj 相当不错的
output n 输出
In sum: It’s not hypocritical to use A.I. yourself in a way that serves your students well, even as you insist that they don’t use it in a way that serves them badly.
总之：你自己以很好地服务于学生的方式使用人工智能并不虚伪，即使你坚持认为他们不应以一种对他们不利的方式使用人工智能。
一、词汇检测
构词法：根据提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1. assistant (n 助手) —— __________ (n 帮助；支持)
2. note (n 笔记) —— __________ (adj 值得注意的)
3. submit (v 提交) —— __________ (n 提交)
4. divide (v （使）分开) —— __________ (adj 专注的)
5. courage (n 勇气) —— __________ (v 阻止)
6. rely (v 依赖) —— __________ (adj 可靠的) —— __________ (adv 可靠地)
二、阅读词块：写出下列句子中画线部分精准的汉语释义。
1. Can I use A.I. to grade my students’ papers _________
2. Recently our department tasked students with writing an essay. _________
3. Parents promised to support the agreement by monitoring their children when they worked at home.
4. The program has some strengths, it gives students writing feedback and the opportunity to edit their work before final submission. _________
5. If a student makes an effort to complete the task, they should have my undivided attention during the assessment process. _________
6. Should I embrace new technology and use A.I.-assisted grading to save time and my sanity (理智) even though I forbid my students from using it
7. You have a sound reason for discouraging your students from using A.I. to draft their essays.
阅读理解
A
There's a new AI bot in town: ChatGPT, and you'd better pay attention, even if you aren't into artificial intelligence. ChatGPT is an AI chatbot system that OpenAI released in November to show off and test what a very large, powerful AI system can accomplish. You can ask it countless questions and often will get an answer that's useful. For example, you can ask it encyclopedia questions like, "Explain Newton's laws of motion." You can tell it, "Write me a poem," and when it does, say, "Now make it more exciting." You ask it to write a computer program that'll show you all the different ways you can arrange the letters of a word.
ChatGPT is a big deal. The tool seems pretty knowledgeable in areas where there's good training data for it to learn from. It's not all-knowing or smart enough to replace all humans yet, but it can be creative, and its answers can sound downright authoritative. A few days after its launch, more than a million people were trying out ChatGPT. And it's becoming big business. In January, Microsoft pledged to invest billions of dollars into OpenAI, saying it'll build features into cloud services. OpenAI announced a $20 per month ChatGPT Plus service that responds faster and gets new features sooner.
It's an AT that's trained to recognize patterns in vast series of text harvested from the internet, then further trained with human assistance to deliver more useful, better dialog. The answers you get may sound reasonable and even authoritative, but they might well be entirely wrong, as OpenAI warns. Sometimes, helpfully, it'll specifically warn you of its own shortcomings. For example, when I asked it who wrote the phrase "the squirming facts exceed the squamous mind," ChatGPT replied, "I'm sorry, but I am not able to browse the internet or access any external information beyond what I was trained on." (The phrase is from Wallace Stevens' 1942 poem Connoisseur of Chaos.)
The fact that it offers an answer at all, though, is a notable development in puters are famously literal, refusing to work unless you follow exact syntax and interface requirements. Large language models are revealing a more human-friendly style of interaction, not to mention an ability to generate answers that are somewhere between copying and creativity.
1. Which of the following can be a subtitle for the first paragraph
A. What is ChatGPT
B. What are the limits of ChatGPT
C. What kind of questions can you ask
D. Why is ChatGPT blowing everyone's mind
2. What made ChatGPT a big deal
A. More than a million users.
B. Investment of billions of dollars.
C. Its ability to generate creative answers.
D. The bright future promised by Microsoft.
3. We can infer the purpose of example in Paragraph Three is to________.
A. Draw people's attention to OpenAI
B. Reveal the weakness of ChatGPT
C. Explain work pattern of the system
D. Show the methods of training ChatGPT
4. Which of the following best describes the author's attitude towards ChatGPT
A. Opposed. B. Critical. C. Supportive. D. Objective.
B
If you ask something of ChatGPT, an artificial-intelligence(AI) tool, you may immediately get the responses, completely certain and often wrong. The questions raised by technologies like ChatGPT cause much more tentative answers. But they are ones that managers ought to start asking.
One issue is how to deal with employees' concerns about job security. Worries are natural. An AI that makes it easier to process your expenses is one thing; an AI that people would prefer to sit next to at a dinner party quite another. Being clear about how workers would redirect time and energy that is freed up by an AI helps foster acceptance. So does creating a sense of agency: research conducted by MIT Sloan Management Review and the Boston Consulting Group found that an ability to override an AI makes employees more likely to use it.
Arthur Jago of the University of Washington and Glenn Carroll of the Stanford Graduate School of Business investigate how willing people are to give rather than earn credit—specifically for work that someone did not do on their own. They showed volunteers something attributed to a specific person — an artwork, say, or a business plan — and then revealed that it had been created either with the help of an algorithm or with the help of human assistants. Everyone gave less credit to producers when they were told they had been helped, but this effect was more pronounced for work that involved human assistants.
The picture that emerges from such research is messy. It is also dynamic: just as technologies evolve, so will attitudes. But it is crystal-clear on one thing. The impact of ChatGPT and other AIs will depend not just on what they can do, but also on how they make people feel.
5. What should managers take into consideration when using technologies like ChatGPT
A. Skills used for them. B. Issues caused by them.
C. Accuracy ensured in them. D. Alternatives discovered for them.
6. What can we learn about employees' attitude towards AI from Paragraph 2
A. They find it can make their work more complicated.
B. They think it is a threat for AI to replace them at work.
C. They consider it's normal for AI to finish all their work.
D. They feel it's vital for them to acknowledge its abilities.
7. What did the volunteers think of a task accomplished with AI algorithm
A. They thought little of it. B. They were unaware of it.
C. They spoke highly of it. D. They felt envious about it.
8. What does the passage mainly talk about
A. The limitation of AI.
B. The importance of Chat GPT
C. The relationship between AI and humans.
D. The practical application of Chat GPT.
C
Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a fashion word in recent years, and its impact on society is growing rapidly. AI refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that would typically require human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making. This technology is transforming every industry, from healthcare to finance, and is expected to revolutionize the future.
One area where AI is making significant strides is healthcare. AI-powered tools can analyze vast amounts of medical data and help doctors make more informed diagnoses and treatment decisions. This technology is particularly useful in fields such as radiology, where AI algorithms can analyze medical images to detect abnormalities that may be missed by human eyes.
In finance, AI is being used to analyze vast amounts of data to identify patterns and predict market trends. This technology can help traders make more informed decisions and reduce the risks of financial losses. Similarly, AI -powered chatbots are being used in customer service, helping to improve response times and provide personalized support.
As the use of AI grows, concerns about job displacement have also arisen. Some fear that AI-powered machines and robots will replace human workers, leading to mass unemployment. While this is a possibility, it is also important to note that AI will create new jobs in fields such as data analysis, software development, and robotics.
Another major concern about Al is the potential for bias and discrimination. AI algorithms are only as good as the data they are trained on, and if that data contains biases, the algorithms will also be biased. This issue is particularly concerning in fields such as criminal justice, where AI-powered systems are being used to make decisions about sentencing. If these algorithms are biased, they could make existing inequalities continue in the criminal justice system.
Despite these concerns, the benefits of AI are numerous and undeniable. However, to ensure that these benefits are accessible to all and to address concerns about bias and discrimination, it is crucial to continue researching and developing moral AI.
9. AI outweighs humans in healthcare in that it _______.
A. stops financial risks. B. ensures precise judgement.
C. recognizes market tendency. D. offers personalized services.
10. What is one of the major concerns of AI
A. New jobs will be unavailable.
B. Algorithms will be out of date.
C. Unfairness may arise in criminal justice system.
D. A large number of human workers will be laid off.
11. How does the writer mainly develop this text
A. By stating facts and citing quotes.
B. By showing different ideas and giving reasons.
C. By presenting influences and listing examples.
D. By comparing research results and offering suggestions.
12. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Artificial Intelligence: Becoming a Fashion Word
B. Artificial Intelligence: Revolutionizing the Future
C. Artificial Intelligence: Bettering Decision Making
D. Artificial Intelligence: Improving Human Abilities
D
ChatGPT, designed by OpenAI to carry on conversations just like humans, has become a viral excitement. The AI-powered tool went from zero to a million users in just five days! Its ability to provide in-depth answers to user questions has even drawn the attention of distinguished technology companies.
The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense. Its vast body of knowledge has been gathered from the internet and archived books. It is further trained by humans. This makes ChatGPT a useful tool for researching almost any topic.
"We have a lot of information on the internet, but you normally have to Google it, then read it and then do something with it," says Ricardo, chief science officer and co-founder of AI company Erudit. "Now you'll have this resource that can process the whole internet and all of the information it contains for you to answer your question."
ChatGPT cannot think on its own. It depends on the information that it has been trained on. As a result, the AI tool works well for things that have accurate data available. However, when unsure, ChatGPT can get creative and flow out incorrect responses. OpenAI cautions users to check the information no matter how logical it sounds. Also, ChatGPT has only been trained with information till 2021. Hence, it cannot be relied upon for anything that happened after that.
Experts believe ChatGPT has limitless potential to solve real-world problems. It can translate long texts into different languages, create content on almost any topic, and even summarize books.
However, ChatGPT has received mixed reactions from educators. Some believe it could serve as a valuable tool to help build literacy skills in the classroom. It could also be used to teach students difficult science or math concepts. But other educators think ChatGPT will encourage students to cheat. They fear this will prevent them from building critical thinking and problem-solving skills. As a result, many districts are starting to ban its use in schools.
13. What is the unique feature of ChatGPT
A. It has artificial intelligence.
B. It can answer users' questions.
C. It has the largest number of users.
D. It can engage in meaningful conversations.
14. What makes ChatGPT helpful to research various topics
A. Its capability of information processing.
B. Its accurate information.
C. Its availability of up-to-date data.
D. Its vast body of questions.
15. Why do ChatGPT users have to be cautious when using it
A. ChatGPT is unable to think itself. B. ChatGPT lacks creativity.
C. ChatGPT offers illogical information. D. ChatGPT is not properly trained.
16. What is the author's attitude towards ChatGPT
A. Favorable. B. Disapproving. C. Objective. D. Intolerant.
E
Ask the new artificial intelligence (AI) tool ChatGPT to write an essay about the cause of the American Civil War and you can watch it produce a persuasive term paper in a matter of seconds that has even be enable to pass school exams. That's one reason why New York City school officials this week started blocking the impressive but controversial writing tool that can generate paragraphs of human-like text. The free tool has been around for just five weeks but is already raising tough questions about the future of AI in education, the tech industry and a host of professions.
ChatGPT was launched on Nov. 30 and is part of a new generation of AI systems that can chat, generate readable text on demand and even produce novel images and video based on what they've learned from a vast database of digital books, online writings and other media. But unlike previous models of so-called "large language models", such as Open AI's GPT-3, launched in 2020, the ChatGPT tool is available to anyone with an Internet connection for free and designed to be more user-friendly. It works like a written dialogue between the AI system and the person asking it questions.
Millions of people have played with it over the past month, using it to write silly poems or songs, trying to trick it into making mistakes, or for more practical purposes such as helping compose an email.
As with similar systems, ChatGPT can generate convincing prose, but that doesn't mean what it says is factual or logical. Its launch came with little guidance on how to use it, other than a promise that ChatGPT will admit when it's wrong.
Many school districts are still struggling to figure out how to set policies on whether and how it can be used. "While the tool may be able to provide quick and easy answers to questions, it does not build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills, which are essential for academic and lifelong success," said a school's spokesperson Jenna Lyle from NYC. But there's no stopping a student from accessing ChatGPT from a personal phone or computer at home.
17. What can we learn about the term paper from paragraph 1
A. It is a result of the improvement of education.
B. It can be rated as passing by schoolteachers.
C. It has caught the attention of the public.
D. It acts as a model for students to follow.
18. What makes Chat GPT different from GPT-3
A. ChatGPT can create text.
B. ChatGPT can edit digital books.
C. ChatGPT is free of charge to all.
D. ChatGPT can ask its users questions.
19. What is Jenna's attitude towards students' use of Chat GPT
A. Favourable. B. Tolerant. C. Uncaring. D. Disapproving.
20. What is the best title for the text
A. How Are Schools Handling Chat GPT
B. You Can Check When ChatGPT's Telling the Truth
C. What Is ChatGPT and Why Are Schools Blocking It
D. Students Are Using ChatGPT to Do Their Homework
参考答案：
一、
1. assistance; 2. notable; 3. submission; 4. undivided; 5. discourage; 6. reliable; reliably
二、
1. 给…评分；给…分数；2.交给某人（任务）；派给某人（工作）；3.监视；检查；4.优势；优点；长处；5. 努力做某事；6.欣然接受；7.合理的；起草/ 草拟
三、A 1.答案：A 2.答案：C 3.答案：B 4.答案：C
B 5.答案：B 6.答案：B 7.答案：A 8.答案：C
C 9.答案：B 10.答案：D 11.答案：C 12.答案：B
D 13.答案：D 14.答案：A 15.答案：A 16.答案：C
E 17.答案：B 18.答案：C 19.答案：D 20.答案：C