高二英语重点语法定语从句知识巩固及练习
核心考点梳理
一、定义
定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用：
引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；
在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）
关系代词（在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，宾补，定语）: that、 which、 who、whom、whose、as
关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、 where
二、关系代词的用法
在定语从句中关系代词起着连接主句与从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。关系代词的选用取决于主句中的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分。
先行词 在从句中作主语 在从句中作宾语 在从句中作定语
指代人 who/that whom/who/that whose/of whom
指代物 which/that which/that whose/of which
1. 关系代词who, whom和that的用法
三者都可用于指代人，但在用法上存在差别。
who和whom
who可以代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom（常可省略）。但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom,即“介词+whom”。
Johnny is a person who always has novel ideas.
The person who/whom you just talked to is Mr Depp.
who和that
在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who,而不能用that。
(1)先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。
One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.
The ones who flatter me don’t please me.
Anyone who laughs last laughs best.
(2)先行词是those时，宜用who。
No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake.
(3)当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。
I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province.
(4)一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。
The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.
(5)在there be 开头的句子中，宜用who。
There is a young man who wants to see your father.
2. 关系代词whose的用法
关系代词whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物。当whose指代人时，相当于of whom，指代物时，相当于of which。whose引导的定语从句既可以是限定性定语从句，也可以是非限定性定语从句。
We wanted to see our teacher Miss Styles, whose husband lost his life in the earthquake.
=We wanted to see our teacher Miss Styles, the husband of whom lost his life in the earthquake.
3. 关系代词that和which的用法
两者都可用于指代物，但使用场合存在差别。
(1)在限定性定语从句中指代物时，which和that一般可以通用
The new house that/which I have just bought is about six miles away.
They planted some trees that/which didn’t need much water.
(2)限定性定语从句中只用that的情况
主句已有疑问词who或which时
Which of the cars that are in front of the hotel belongs to you
先行词既有人又有物时
He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited.
先行词为all, much, few, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时
It’s easy to do the repair. All that you need is a hammer and some nails.
We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
I’d like to tell you something that will make you surprised.
先行词有形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best way that has been used against pollution.
Polly is the most direct young woman that I have ever come across.
先行词有序数词修饰时
The first time that Lester saw the film, he made up his mind to become a director.
先行词有the very, the only, the same, all, any, each, every, few, little, no, one of等词修饰时
This is the very room that I slept in that evening.
Li Ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher.
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which, 另一个宜用that
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
(3)只用which而不用that的情况
引导非限定性定语从句时只用which而不用that
The fish, which I bought this morning, is very fresh.
Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office.
在限定性定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时只用which而不用that
I was put in a position in which I had to accept I was less important.
在限定性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that, 那么另一句的关系词就需用which
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.
三、关系副词的用法
关系副词和关系代词一样，具有各种作用。在定语从句中代替先行词、在从句中作状语、把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句等，相当于“介词+which”结构。由于关系副词在从句中均作状语，所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语。
先行词 关系副词 关系副词在从句中充当的成分
指地点 where 地点状语
指时间 when 时间状语
指原因 why 原因状语
1. 关系副词where的用法
由where引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如building, city, room等，where在从句中作地点状语。先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case, point, situation, circumstance, activity, stage, state…
The hotel where we stayed was very clean.
=The hotel(that/which) we stayed at was very clean.
=The hotel at which we stayed was very clean.
2. 关系副词when的用法
由when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如time, day, date等，when在从句中作时间状语。先行词还可以是抽象的时间名词，如：occasion...
I’ll never forget the time when we first met.
=I’ll never forget the time during which we first met.
3. 关系副词why的用法
why引导的定语从句，经常会用在先行词reason的后面，why在从句中作原因状语。
The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard.
=The reason(that)/for which I got a job was that I worked hard.
四、关系代词和关系副词的选用
对于同一个先行词，要想确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，关键是要弄清楚先行词在定语从句中担任什么
成分。如果先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，就用关系代词；如果先行词在定语从句中作状语，就用关系副词。
This is the college (that/which) I visited.
This is the college where I studied three years ago.
五、定语从句的种类
定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。
区别：
形式上，非限定性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。
语法上，非限定性定语从句一般不用that和why.
语义上，限定性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限定性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。
This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。
Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。
翻译时，限定性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限定性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译）
比较:
He has a sister, who is a musician. (只有一个姐妹)
He has a sister who is a musician. (不一定只有一个姐妹)
引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose, 指物时用which, whose,指整个句子用as, which; 关系副词when, where, 指原因用for which.
He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.
Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.
They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.
He was proud, which his brother never was.
一、单句语法填空
1．Following in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago, Mr. Wang has now passed on his skills to the new memebers, will take on many of the future repairs.
2．Taking targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty, has been predicted, is fruitful.
3．Lily told me everything she knew.
4．The teacher didn’t know the reason she was late for school.
5．He had strong determination and perseverance in the competition, made him successful.
6．He was a “cultural anthropologist”, we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century.
7．The class became a circus as the boys, had never come across anything like this before, started jumping out of the window.
8．Children, is always the case, love their mother.
9．The reason he was absent was quite complicated.
10． is reported, Apple company will be launching a new tablet this time next month.
11．The upside is that you have reached a stage you can make your own decisions.
12．Over 120, 000 people in Norway, of 40% are college students, use the app.
13．Cultural heritage is a lot more than just relics. For example, our country has many nationalities, dances, crafts and other traditions are also very important.
14．During my stay in America, I lived in university accommodation with other international students, allows me to meet people from diverse cultural backgrounds.
15．Dream Variation is a most celebrated poem, theme deals with the dream of a world free of racial discrimination.
16．In an age mobile phones and the Internet are eating up most of our time and energy, one can understand how difficult it is to focus attention and energy on studies.
17．Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands became his second home.
18．The next question I found difficult to answer was put to me by Mary.
19．The girl to I lent my bike works in a hospital.
20．I have purchased all is necessary.
21．This is the cleverest man I have ever known.
22．This is the greatest challenge we’ve ever met with.
23．The nurse we talked about can speak English fluently.
24． is often the case, he was late again this morning, made his head teacher annoyed.
25．Lucy was absent from Mr Smith's lecture yesterday, she made an apology to him.
26．It is a family of 8 children, all have got PhD in chemistry.
27．He has written the science fiction, the name I have completely forgotten.
28．The ship, the Europeans sailed to the American continent, was called the Mayflower.
29．The sun gives the earth light and heat, are very important to the living things.
30．We’ll put off the meeting till next week, we won’t be so occupied with our work.
答案
1．who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：跟随多年前他自己老师的脚步，王先生现在把他的技能传授给了新成员，他们将承担未来的许多维修工作。分析句子成分可知，该空引导非限制性定语从句，the new members为先
行词，指物，关系词替代先行词在定语从句作主语，故用关系代词who。故填who。
2．as
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如预测的那样，采取有针对性的措施帮助人们摆脱贫困是富有成效的。此处缺少非限制性定语从句引导词，从句缺少主语，表示“正如……”，应使用关系代词as。故填as。
3．that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：莉莉把她知道的一些都告诉我了。限制性定语从句修饰先行词everything，先行词在从句作宾语，指物，且为不定代词，只能用that作引导词。故填that。
4．why
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：老师不知道她上学迟到的原因。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为 the reason，在从句中作原因状语，所以此空应用关系副词why。故填why。
5．which
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他在比赛中有坚强的决心和毅力，这使他获得了成功。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个主句，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
6．who/whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他是一位“文化人类学家”，我们应该感谢他，因为他记录了半个多世纪以来整个城市及其人民的生活。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词，在从句作宾语，指人，应用who或whom。故填who/whom。
7．who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当那些以前从未遇到过这种情况的男孩们开始跳出窗户时，教室变成了一个马戏团。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是boys，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导，故填who。
8．as
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：孩子们一向这样爱他们的妈妈。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，在定语从句中作主语，关系词表示“正如”，需用关系代词as引导。故填as。
9．why/for which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他缺席的原因很复杂。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，先行词在从句中表示某事发生的原因，作原因状语，应用关系副词why作引导词，或用“介词+关系代词”引导该从句，用for the reason表示“因为某种原因”，reason指物，关系代词用which。故填why或for which。
10．As
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：据报道，苹果公司将在下个月的这个时候推出一款新的平板电脑。根据is reported及后面句子内容可知，空处表示“正如”，引导非限制性定语从句，用as引导，放在句首，首字母大写。As is reported,为固定句型，意思为：据报道。故填As。
11．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：好处是你已经到了可以自己做决定的阶段。定语从句修饰先行词stage，在从句作抽象地点状语，故填where。
12．whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：挪威有超过12万人使用这款应用，其中40%是大学生。分析句子，设空与前面的of构成“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前文的120, 000 people，为人，用whom。故填whom。
13．whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：文化遗产不仅仅是文物。例如，我国有许多民族，他们的舞蹈、手工艺和其他传统也很重要。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词many nationalities与空后的“dances, crafts and other traditions”之间为所属关系，所以此处使用关系代词whose。故填whose。
14．which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在美国期间，我和其他国际学生一起住在大学宿舍，这让我可以接触到来自不同文化背景的人。分析句子可知，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，指代前文I lived in university accommodation with other international students这个事实，引导词在从句中作主语，故使用which。故填which。
15．whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Dream Variation是一首最著名的诗歌，它的主题是关于一个没有种族歧视的世界的梦想。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是poem，关系词在从句中作定语，和theme之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导，故填whose。
16．when
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在一个手机和互联网吞噬了我们大部分时间和精力的时代，人们可以理解将注意力和精力集中在学习上是多么困难。分析句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句的连接词，从句中句子成分完整；空格处在从句中作状语，先行词为时间，所以用when。故填when。
17．which/that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Molai在一个印度的小村庄长大。这个村庄靠近一些湿地，这些湿地成了他的第二个家。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词wetlands。先行词指物，在限定性定语从句中作主语，所以可用关系代词which或that引导该从句。故填which/that。
18．that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：下一个我觉得难以回答的问题是玛丽向我提出的。先行词question“问题”被next修饰，且定语从句中缺少宾语，所以应用关系代词that。故填that。
19．whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我把自行车借给的那个女孩在医院工作。分析句子结构可知，空处需要填入一个关系词来引导定语从句，修饰先行词the girl。先行词指人，在从句中作介词to的宾语，因此应该使
用关系代词whom引导该限定性定语从句。故填whom。
20．that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我已经购买了所有必要的东西。分析句子结构可知，空处需要填入一个关系词来引导限定性定语从句。该关系词在从句中作主语，并指代先行词all。当先行词是“all，everything，nothing，something”等不定代词时，通常使用关系代词that来引导定语从句。故填that。
21．that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是我所认识的最聪明的人。在定语从句中缺少宾语，且先行词被最高级修饰，所以应用关系代词that。故填that。
22．that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是我们遇到过的最大挑战。定语从句中缺少宾语，且先行词被最高级修饰，所以应用关系代词that。故填that。
23．that/who/whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们谈论的那个护士英语说得很流利。分析句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句的连接词，且在从句中作宾语，先行词为人，所以可以用that，who或者whom。故答案为that或者who或者whom。
24． As which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：像往常一样，他今天早上又迟到了，这使他的班主任很恼火。分析句子结构可知，第一空为定语从句的引导词，且作主语，代替后面“他今天早上又迟到了”，且位于句子开头，所以用as。第二空为非限制定语从句的引导词，在句子中作主语，代替前面“他今天早上又迟到了”，所以which。故填①As；②which。
25．for which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：露西昨天没来听史密斯先生的讲座，她因此而向他道歉。逗号后的部分是非限制性定语从句，对前面主句的内容进行限定说明，关系代词应该用which；“因某事向某人道歉”是make an apology to somebody for something，所以应该用for which引导定语从句。故填for which。
26．of whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是一个有8个孩子的家庭，他们都得到了化学博士学位。空处引导非限制性定语从句，all of（所有……）为固定搭配，先行词children，指人，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，需用关系代词whom。故填of whom。
27．of which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他写了那部科幻小说，我完全忘了它的名字。逗号后的部分是非限制性定语从句，对先行词the science fiction进行限定说明，the name和先行词是所属关系，所以应该用“名词+of+关系代词”引导定语从句，先行词指物，用which。故填which。
28．on which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：欧洲人乘坐前往美洲大陆的船被称为“五月花号”。分析句子结构，这是一个
包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为ship，因先行词在定语从句中作状语，使用“介词+关系代词”结构引导定语从句，表示“在船上”用介词on，先行词指物，使用关系代词which，故填on which。
29．which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：太阳给地球光和热，这对生物是非常重要的。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，对前面句子的内容进行限定说明，从句中缺少主语，应该用关系代词which。故填which。
30．when
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们将把会议推迟到下周，那时我们的工作就不会那么忙了。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词next week，在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导。故填when。
二、单项选择
31．The days are gone ______ physical strength was all ______ matters for her athletic career.
A．because; what B．when; that C．because; that D．when; what
32．Sitting in the lecture hall a number of committed teachers, ______ attention was on an outstanding teacher’s lesson.
A．were, their B．was, whose C．was, their D．were, whose
33．In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
A．which B．its C．whose D．whom
34．Linda walked through the door into the waiting area in the hospital, ________ there is always an atmosphere of boredom and tension.
A．when B．that C．which D．where
35．Bungee Jumping is a very popular sport, ________ courage matters more than strength.
A．that B．why C．where D．which
36．Couples in China are allowed to have three children, ________, in my opinion, is helpful in dealing with the problem of the increasingly aging population.
A．that B．who C．what D．which
37．The students were divided into pairs, ________ Lily wasn’t happy with.
A．which B．where C．who D．what
38．Miss Xiang is a great teacher________ always makes her classes lively.
A．which B．who C．what D．whom
39．Such fears of failing the tests ______ you have are totally unnecessary. You’d better remove them from your mind.
A．that B．which C．as D．so
40．The workers believe the assembly hall ________ the curtain need to be changed deserves ________.
A．which; rebuilding B．of which; to be rebuilt
C．whose; to be rebuilt D．of which; to build
41．______ is known, more students tend to study abroad after graduation from senior high.
A．As B．It C．What D．That
42．I still can’t understand the point ______ our math teacher explained in class.
A．that B．where C．what D．how
43．People ________ interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s Art Science Museum.
A．that B．which C．whose D．what
44．Can you spare me some time Because I’ve got to talk to you about the moment ________ you made me cross.
A．when B．which C．as D．how
45．It was in the small house ______ was built with stones by his father ______ he spent his childhood.
A．which; where B．that; where C．which; that D．that; which
46．The 2022 World Cup was held in Qatar, ______football is the most popular sport.
A．where B．which C．that D．when
47．_____is known to all, China will be an _____and powerful country in 20 or 30 years or so.
A．That; advancing B．This; advanced C．As; advanced D．It; advancing
48．We are living in an age _______ smart phones are becoming more and more popular in our daily life.
A．why B．that C．whose D．when
49．I’m reading the book Fu Lei’s Family Letters these days, __________ Fu Lei shared his views about life with his son.
A．when B．that C．which D．where
50．Wind power is an ancient source of energy ________ we may return in the near future.
A．on which B．from which C．by which D．to which
答案
31．B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：体力对她的运动生涯至关重要的日子已经一去不复返了。“ matters for her athletic career”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词all，关系词将先行词代入定语从句中主语，用关系代词引导定语从句，又因先行词all是不定代词，只能用that引导该从句；“ physical strength was all that matters for her athletic career”是定语从句，修饰先行词days，关系词将先行词代入定语从句中时间状语，表示“在那些日子”，用关系副词when引导定语从句。故选B项。
32．D
【详解】考查时态和倒装。句意：在讲堂里坐着一群尽职尽责的老师,他们的注意力集中在一个优秀的老师的课上。本句是倒装句，现在分词短语在句首，句子需要倒装。本句主语是a number of committed teachers，是复数，谓语动词用复数，故排除B、C，空二引导定语从句，修饰teachers，在从句中作定语，用关系代词whose，故选D。
33．C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：1963年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the World Food Programme，在从句中作定语修饰purposes，应该用whose引导从句。故选C项。
34．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：琳达进门走进医院的候诊区，那里总是充满无聊和紧张的气氛。空处引导非限制性定语，先行词为the hospital，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故选D项。
35．C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：蹦极是一项非常受欢迎的运动，在这里勇气比力量更重要。句中先行词为sport，在非限定性定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故选C。
36．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国允许一对夫妇生三个孩子，在我看来，这有助于解决日益老龄化的人口问题。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整句话，在从句中作主语，用which引导。故选D项。
37．A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：学生们被分成两组，这让莉莉很不高兴。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，先行词是前面整个主句的内容，因此用关系代词which引导定语从句，故选A。
38．B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：向老师是一位好老师，她总是使她的课生动活泼。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词teacher是人，因此空格处用关系代词who，故选B。
39．C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你这样担心考试不及格是完全没有必要的。你最好把它们从你的脑海中抹去。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是fears of failing the tests，当先行词前有such修饰时，只能使用as引导定语从句。故选C。
40．B
【详解】考查定语从句及非谓语动词。句意：工人们认为，需要更换窗帘的集会大厅应该重建。分析句子结构可知，此处使用了限制性定语从句，先行词为the assembly hall指物，与the curtain之间为所属关系，使用介词+关系代词of which，如果使用whose作定语则curtain前不能有定冠词the，第二个设空处为短语deserve to do“值得做”，结合句意可知，rebuild“重建”符合句意，而the assembly hall与rebuild之间 为被动关系，应填to be rebuilt ，故选择B项。
41．A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，越来越多的学生在高中毕业后倾向于出国留学。分析句子可知，空处缺少主语，且指代逗号后面句子的内容，表示“正如”，用As引导非限制性定语从句。故选A项。
42．A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然不能理解我们数学老师在课堂上解释的观点。分析句子可知，空处缺少关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the point，作从句explained的宾语，用关系代词that引导。故选A项。
43．C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：对探索艺术与科学之间的关系感兴趣的人将欣赏新加坡的艺术科学博物馆。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为People，因关系词在定语从句中作定语，使用whose引导定语从句，故填whose。
44．A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你能抽出点时间吗？因为我得跟你谈谈你惹我生气的那一刻。A. when定语从句中作时间状语，为关系副词；B. which定语从句中为关系代词；C. as定语从句中作关系代词；D. how多么，怎样，不引导定语从句。句子分析可知，“________ you made me cross”为限制性定语从句，设空处指代先行词the moment，在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when。故选A。
45．C
【详解】考查定语从句关系词及强调句。句意：他的童年是在他父亲用石头建造的小房子里度过的。分析句子结构可知，一空处引导定语从句，先行词是house，在从句中作主语，应该用that或者which引导，二空处引导的是it is+强调部分+that的强调句型，应该填that。故选C项。
46．A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：2022年世界杯在卡塔尔举行，在那里足球是最受欢迎的运动。分析句子，该空需要一个关系词引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词Qatar的情况做解释说明，先行词为地点名词，且从句中主语宾语完整，所以应填关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，并指代先行词在从句中作状语。故选A项。
47．C
【详解】考查定语从句和形容词。句意：众所周知，中国将在20年或30年左右成为一个先进和强大的国家。分析句式结构可知，此处是关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，指代后面全句内容，as在从句中充当主语；再根据下文的country可知，“先进的”国家，用形容词advanced修饰。故选C项。
48．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们生活在一个智能手机在我们的日常生活中越来越流行的时代。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连词引导的定语从句修饰先行词age，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，所以使用关系副词，先行词表时间，使用when。故选D项。
49．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些天我正在看《傅雷家书》，在家书中傅雷与他的儿子分享了他对生活的看法。根据句意，在本题中，空格前是主句，主谓结构是“I’m reading the book”，空格后也有主谓结构“Fu Lei shared sth. with sb.”说明两个句子之间需要连接词，后面句子是从句修饰前面主句中的名词短语“Fu Lei’s
Family Letters”，在定语从句中主谓结构不缺，而从句中缺少地点状语，因此，填空处需要表示地点状语的关系副词。故选D项。
50．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：风能是一种古老的能源，在不久的将来我们可能会重新使用它。return to返回，先行词 为an ancient source of energy ，指物，在定语从句中作介词to的宾语，所以用关系代词which引导。故选D。
三、完成句子
51．那位老夫妻住在我们隔壁，他们的儿子在北京工作。
The old couple, son is working in Beijing lives next to us.
52．他最优秀的电影就是那部关于甘地生平的电影，该电影荣获了几项大奖。
His best movie, won several awards,was about the life of Gandhi.
53．通常情况下, 成功会带来幸福感。
Success, is often the case, leads to happiness
54．众所周知，庆祝国家节日是为了激发人们赏鉴传统文化的兴趣。
, the purpose of celebrating a national festival is appreciating traditional culture.
55．曾经的小渔村现在已经变成了一个现代化的城市，每年接待来自世界各地的游客。
has turned into a modern city, from all over the world each year.
56．在你的日常生活中，你会遇到很多困难的情况，在这些情况下，事情会出错。
As you go through your daily life, you will encounter many difficult situations .
57．没有锚的船，任凭风浪摆布；同样，一个没有责任感的人会任由自己粗心草率的行为摆布。
A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and the winds; like wise, a person responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviours.
58．有时，人们发现自己处于某些境地，在这些境地，他们不得不就他们的道德价值观做出艰难的选择。
From time to time, people find themselves in situations make a difficult choice concerning their moral values.
59．确实，袁隆平瘦削但结实的身躯，与其为之奉献毕生的千千万万的中国农民无异。
Indeed, Yuan Longping’s slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, he has his life.
60．我很感激我的英语老师，在他的帮助下我的英语一直在进步。
I am grateful to my English teacher, in my English.
答案
51．whose
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子成分可知，设空处考查的非限制性定语从句的关系词，The old couple 是先行词，非限制性定语从句son is woking in Beijing 中的son 缺少定语，故用whose充当定语，相
当于The old couple's。故填whose。
52．which
【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限定性定语从句。先行词是movie，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词which。故填which。
53．as
【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子结构以及句意可知，空处需要关系代词as，引导非限定性定语从句，代替整个主句，在定语从句中作主语。as引导非限定性定语从句时，定语从句的位置可以放到句首，也可以放到句中或句尾，意为“正如，正像”。故填as。
54． As is known to all to stimulate people’s interest in
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句和不定式。对比中英文句子可知，第一空意为“众所周知”，第二空意为“激发人们……的兴趣”，“众所周知”是as is known to all，是as引导的非限制性定语从句，位于句首的单词首字母要大写；“激发”是stimulate，用不定式作表语，“人们……的兴趣”是people’s interest in，因此第二空是to stimulate people’s interest in；故填As is known to all，to stimulate people’s interest in。
55． What was once a small fishing village which receives visitors
【详解】考查主语从句，定语从句，时态和主谓一致。对比中英文句子可知，第一空意为“曾经的小渔村”，第二空意为“接待游客”，“曾经的小渔村”用what引导主语从句，“曾经的小渔村”翻译为once a small fishing village，时态用一般过去时，主语是what，be动词用was，位于句首的单词首字母大写，因此第一空是What was once a small fishing village。“接待游客”是receives visitor，不止一个，因此visitor用复数，“每年接待来自世界各地的游客”修饰的是city，用非限制性定语从句，city是城市，用which引导非限制性定语从句，且本句描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，which指代的先行词city是单数，因此receive用第三人称单数，因此第二空是which receives visitors。故填What was once a small fishing village，which receives visitors。
56．where things will go wrong
【详解】考查时态，从句和短语。根据中英文提示，缺少“在这些情况下，事情会出错”，分析句子可知，用定语从句，修饰situations，things“事情”作主语，根据句意用一般将来时，go wrong“出错”，从句中作抽象地点状语，用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where things will go wrong。
57．who/that has no sense of
【详解】考查定语从句和时态。根据汉语提示分析可知，空处作定语，“没有责任感的”可以写成定语从句，修饰a person(人)，用关系代词who/that来引导，“没有责任感”用have no sense of responsibility，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且关系代词在从句中做主语，指a perosn，是单数，所以have应用三单形式has，故填who/that has no sense of。
58．where they have to
【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子中结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是situations，根据汉语提示，表示“他们不得不”含义的表达为they have to，因引导词在定语从句中作状语表示地点，使用where引导定语从句，故填where they have to。
59． to whom devoted
【详解】考查定语从句和动词。第一空为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词farmers，作介词to的宾语，指人，应用whom；第二空表示“奉献”应用devote to，结合has可知为现在完成时。故填to whom和devoted。
60．with whose help I am making progress
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句和现在进行时。表示“在他的帮助下”应翻译为with whose help，构成非限制性定语从句；表示“我的英语一直在进步”应翻译为句子 I am making progress in my English，时态用现在进行时。故填with whose help I am making progress。高二英语重点语法定语从句知识巩固及练习
核心考点梳理
一、定义
定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用：
引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；
在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）
关系代词（在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，宾补，定语）: that、 which、 who、whom、whose、as
关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、 where
二、关系代词的用法
在定语从句中关系代词起着连接主句与从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。关系代词的选用取决于主句中的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分。
先行词 在从句中作主语 在从句中作宾语 在从句中作定语
指代人 who/that whom/who/that whose/of whom
指代物 which/that which/that whose/of which
1. 关系代词who, whom和that的用法
三者都可用于指代人，但在用法上存在差别。
who和whom
who可以代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom（常可省略）。但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom,即“介词+whom”。
Johnny is a person who always has novel ideas.
The person who/whom you just talked to is Mr Depp.
who和that
在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who,而不能用that。
(1)先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。
One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.
The ones who flatter me don’t please me.
Anyone who laughs last laughs best.
(2)先行词是those时，宜用who。
No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake.
(3)当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。
I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province.
(4)一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。
The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.
(5)在there be 开头的句子中，宜用who。
There is a young man who wants to see your father.
2. 关系代词whose的用法
关系代词whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物。当whose指代人时，相当于of whom，指代物时，相当于of which。whose引导的定语从句既可以是限定性定语从句，也可以是非限定性定语从句。
We wanted to see our teacher Miss Styles, whose husband lost his life in the earthquake.
=We wanted to see our teacher Miss Styles, the husband of whom lost his life in the earthquake.
3. 关系代词that和which的用法
两者都可用于指代物，但使用场合存在差别。
(1)在限定性定语从句中指代物时，which和that一般可以通用
The new house that/which I have just bought is about six miles away.
They planted some trees that/which didn’t need much water.
(2)限定性定语从句中只用that的情况
主句已有疑问词who或which时
Which of the cars that are in front of the hotel belongs to you
先行词既有人又有物时
He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited.
先行词为all, much, few, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时
It’s easy to do the repair. All that you need is a hammer and some nails.
We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
I’d like to tell you something that will make you surprised.
先行词有形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best way that has been used against pollution.
Polly is the most direct young woman that I have ever come across.
先行词有序数词修饰时
The first time that Lester saw the film, he made up his mind to become a director.
先行词有the very, the only, the same, all, any, each, every, few, little, no, one of等词修饰时
This is the very room that I slept in that evening.
Li Ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher.
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which, 另一个宜用that
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
(3)只用which而不用that的情况
引导非限定性定语从句时只用which而不用that
The fish, which I bought this morning, is very fresh.
Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office.
(2)在限定性定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时只用which而不用that
I was put in a position in which I had to accept I was less important.
在限定性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that, 那么另一句的关系词就需用which
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.
三、关系副词的用法
关系副词和关系代词一样，具有各种作用。在定语从句中代替先行词、在从句中作状语、把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句等，相当于“介词+which”结构。由于关系副词在从句中均作状语，所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语。
先行词 关系副词 关系副词在从句中充当的成分
指地点 where 地点状语
指时间 when 时间状语
指原因 why 原因状语
1. 关系副词where的用法
由where引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如building, city, room等，where在从句中作地点状语。先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case, point, situation, circumstance, activity, stage, state…
The hotel where we stayed was very clean.
=The hotel(that/which) we stayed at was very clean.
=The hotel at which we stayed was very clean.
2. 关系副词when的用法
由when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如time, day, date等，when在从句中作时间状语。先行词还可以是抽象的时间名词，如：occasion...
I’ll never forget the time when we first met.
=I’ll never forget the time during which we first met.
3. 关系副词why的用法
why引导的定语从句，经常会用在先行词reason的后面，why在从句中作原因状语。
The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard.
=The reason(that)/for which I got a job was that I worked hard.
四、关系代词和关系副词的选用
对于同一个先行词，要想确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，关键是要弄清楚先行词在定语从句中担任什么
成分。如果先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，就用关系代词；如果先行词在定语从句中作状语，就用关系副词。
This is the college (that/which) I visited.
This is the college where I studied three years ago.
五、定语从句的种类
定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。
区别：
形式上，非限定性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。
语法上，非限定性定语从句一般不用that和why.
语义上，限定性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限定性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。
This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。
Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。
翻译时，限定性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限定性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译）
比较:
He has a sister, who is a musician. (只有一个姐妹)
He has a sister who is a musician. (不一定只有一个姐妹)
引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose, 指物时用which, whose,指整个句子用as, which; 关系副词when, where, 指原因用for which.
He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.
Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.
They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.
He was proud, which his brother never was.
单据语法填空
1．Following in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago, Mr. Wang has now passed on his skills to the new memebers, will take on many of the future repairs.
2．Taking targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty, has been predicted, is fruitful.
3．Lily told me everything she knew.
4．The teacher didn’t know the reason she was late for school.
5．He had strong determination and perseverance in the competition, made him successful.
6．He was a “cultural anthropologist”, we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century.
7．The class became a circus as the boys, had never come across anything like this before, started jumping out of the window.
8．Children, is always the case, love their mother.
9．The reason he was absent was quite complicated.
10． is reported, Apple company will be launching a new tablet this time next month.
11．The upside is that you have reached a stage you can make your own decisions.
12．Over 120, 000 people in Norway, of 40% are college students, use the app.
13．Cultural heritage is a lot more than just relics. For example, our country has many nationalities, dances, crafts and other traditions are also very important.
14．During my stay in America, I lived in university accommodation with other international students, allows me to meet people from diverse cultural backgrounds.
15．Dream Variation is a most celebrated poem, theme deals with the dream of a world free of racial discrimination.
16．In an age mobile phones and the Internet are eating up most of our time and energy, one can understand how difficult it is to focus attention and energy on studies.
17．Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands became his second home.
18．The next question I found difficult to answer was put to me by Mary.
19．The girl to I lent my bike works in a hospital.
20．I have purchased all is necessary.
21．This is the cleverest man I have ever known.
22．This is the greatest challenge we’ve ever met with.
23．The nurse we talked about can speak English fluently.
24． is often the case, he was late again this morning, made his head teacher annoyed.
25．Lucy was absent from Mr Smith's lecture yesterday, she made an apology to him.
26．It is a family of 8 children, all have got PhD in chemistry.
27．He has written the science fiction, the name I have completely forgotten.
28．The ship, the Europeans sailed to the American continent, was called the Mayflower.
29．The sun gives the earth light and heat, are very important to the living things.
30．We’ll put off the meeting till next week, we won’t be so occupied with our work.
二、单项选择
31．The days are gone ______ physical strength was all ______ matters for her athletic career.
A．because; what B．when; that C．because; that D．when; what
32．Sitting in the lecture hall a number of committed teachers, ______ attention was on an outstanding teacher’s lesson.
A．were, their B．was, whose C．was, their D．were, whose
33．In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
A．which B．its C．whose D．whom
34．Linda walked through the door into the waiting area in the hospital, ________ there is always an atmosphere of boredom and tension.
A．when B．that C．which D．where
35．Bungee Jumping is a very popular sport, ________ courage matters more than strength.
A．that B．why C．where D．which
36．Couples in China are allowed to have three children, ________, in my opinion, is helpful in dealing with the problem of the increasingly aging population.
A．that B．who C．what D．which
37．The students were divided into pairs, ________ Lily wasn’t happy with.
A．which B．where C．who D．what
38．Miss Xiang is a great teacher________ always makes her classes lively.
A．which B．who C．what D．whom
39．Such fears of failing the tests ______ you have are totally unnecessary. You’d better remove them from your mind.
A．that B．which C．as D．so
40．The workers believe the assembly hall ________ the curtain need to be changed deserves ________.
A．which; rebuilding B．of which; to be rebuilt
C．whose; to be rebuilt D．of which; to build
41．______ is known, more students tend to study abroad after graduation from senior high.
A．As B．It C．What D．That
42．I still can’t understand the point ______ our math teacher explained in class.
A．that B．where C．what D．how
43．People ________ interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s Art Science Museum.
A．that B．which C．whose D．what
44．Can you spare me some time Because I’ve got to talk to you about the moment ________ you made me cross.
A．when B．which C．as D．how
45．It was in the small house ______ was built with stones by his father ______ he spent his childhood.
A．which; where B．that; where C．which; that D．that; which
46．The 2022 World Cup was held in Qatar, ______football is the most popular sport.
A．where B．which C．that D．when
47．_____is known to all, China will be an _____and powerful country in 20 or 30 years or so.
A．That; advancing B．This; advanced C．As; advanced D．It; advancing
48．We are living in an age _______ smart phones are becoming more and more popular in our daily life.
A．why B．that C．whose D．when
49．I’m reading the book Fu Lei’s Family Letters these days, __________ Fu Lei shared his views about life with his son.
A．when B．that C．which D．where
50．Wind power is an ancient source of energy ________ we may return in the near future.
A．on which B．from which C．by which D．to which
三、完成句子
51．那位老夫妻住在我们隔壁，他们的儿子在北京工作。
The old couple, son is working in Beijing lives next to us.
52．他最优秀的电影就是那部关于甘地生平的电影，该电影荣获了几项大奖。
His best movie, won several awards,was about the life of Gandhi.
53．通常情况下, 成功会带来幸福感。
Success, is often the case, leads to happiness
54．众所周知，庆祝国家节日是为了激发人们赏鉴传统文化的兴趣。
, the purpose of celebrating a national festival is appreciating traditional culture.
55．曾经的小渔村现在已经变成了一个现代化的城市，每年接待来自世界各地的游客。
has turned into a modern city, from all over the world each year.
56．在你的日常生活中，你会遇到很多困难的情况，在这些情况下，事情会出错。
As you go through your daily life, you will encounter many difficult situations .
57．没有锚的船，任凭风浪摆布；同样，一个没有责任感的人会任由自己粗心草率的行为摆布。
A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and the winds; like wise, a person responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviours.
58．有时，人们发现自己处于某些境地，在这些境地，他们不得不就他们的道德价值观做出艰难的选择。
From time to time, people find themselves in situations make a difficult choice concerning their moral values.
59．确实，袁隆平瘦削但结实的身躯，与其为之奉献毕生的千千万万的中国农民无异。
Indeed, Yuan Longping’s slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, he has his life.
60．我很感激我的英语老师，在他的帮助下我的英语一直在进步。
I am grateful to my English teacher, in my English.
