中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023-2024学年暑假八升九牛津深圳版(广州沈阳通用)
第八讲 预习九上Unit 2 Great minds
一、单词归纳
1.mind(n)聪明人
2.astronomer(n)天文学家
3.genius(n)天才
4.consider(v)认为
5.sense(n)理解
6.humour(n)幽默
7.invitation(n)邀请
8.theory(n)理论
9.university(n)大学
10.pleasure(n)乐事
11.avoid(v)避免
12.lecture(n)讲座
13.tonight(n)在今夜
14.audience(n)观众
15.trust(v)信任
16.seat(n)座位
17.applause(n)鼓掌
18.pale(adj)苍白的
19.achievement(n)成就
20.universe(n)宇宙
21.philosophy(n)哲学家
22.obey(v)服从
23.reduce(v)减少
24.exactly(adv)精确地
25.action(n)情节
26.sense of humor 幽默感
27.let……down 让……失望
28.by heart 单凭记忆力
29.take a seat 坐下
30.without difficulty 轻而易举
31.join in 参加
32.have no idea 丝毫不知道
33.be in trouble 倒霉;处于困境
34.play a joke on sb 跟某人开玩笑
35.turning point 转折点
36.a series of 一系列
二、重要词汇讲解
1.consider v.认为;觉得
conslder作动词,意为“认为”,常用结构有以下四种:
①consider sb. /sth. ( +as)+形容词/名词(as可以省略)
例如:We consider him (as) honest.我们认为他是诚实的。
②consider+ sb./sth.+动词不定式(通常是to be,可以省略)
例如:We consider this matter ( to be) very important.我们认为这件事很重要。
③consider+it+形容词/名词+动词不定式短语
例如:I consider it my duty to help you with your studies.我认为帮助你学习是我的职责。
④consider+宾语从句
例如:We consider that the music is well worth listening to.我们认为这首音乐很值得一听。
2.辨析:receive与accept
①recelve指“收到”,着重行为本身,不涉及接收者是否接受。
例如:·Did you receive her letter last week 上周你收到她的信了吗?
②accept指“接受”,着重指接收者经过考虑由主观意志来决定接受。
例如:·Elizabeth has received his present, but she will not accept it伊丽莎白已经收到了他的礼物,但她不会接受它。
3.avoid v.避免;避开
avoid作动词,意为“避免;避开”,其后可接名词、代词或动名词作宾语,不可接动词不定式作宾语。
重要语法讲解
动词不定式:
一、作主语,可以用it代替,it叫形式主语,动词不定式放在后面叫真正主语
1.To learn a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
2. It’s dangerous to drive very fast.
二、作表语 My idea is to ring him up at once. 我的想法是马上给他打 。
如果主语部分含实义动词do,且作表语的动词又是“do〞的内容,这时表语不定式的“to〞可以省略。如:All I did was wait here. 我能做的就是在这里等。
常可接动词不定式作宾语的动词有:agree(同意), hope(希望), decide(决定), need(需要), mean(打算), wish(希望), fail(失败), want(想要), begin(开始), would like(想要)等。 He has decided to go to the countryside. 他已决心去乡下。
“疑问词 + 动词不定式〞结构可以作动词know、think、find out等的宾语。
I don’t know who to ask. 我真不知道该问谁。
“疑问词 + 动词不定式〞可以作动词show、teach、ask等后面的直接宾语。
She told me where to find the earphone. 她告诉我什么地方可以找到耳机。
如果宾语太长,可用it作形式宾语,构成“主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾语不足语(名词或形容词) + to do sth〞结构,谓语动词常为find、think、feel等。
I found it difficult to stop him. 我发现拦截他很困难。
动词不定式可以作介词的宾语。 Autumn harvest is about to start. 秋收即将开始。
I’m worrying about what to do next. 我正愁下一步该怎么办。
作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。
I have a lot of books to read. 我有许多书要读。
此时,如果动词不定式动词为不与物动词,后面的介词绝对不能省略。
课堂练习
一、单项选择
1.— Alice had a bad cold again!
— Really She should ________ the importance of keeping healthy.
A.guess B.discuss C.realize D.consider
2.Listening to music and watching films are both relaxing forms of _______.
A.achievement B.agreement C.development D.entertainment
3.Kitty, these books are ____ heavy for you ____ carry. Let me help you.
A.as…as B.too…to C.such…that D.so…that
4.We learned ____ to work as a team by completing the task.
A.what B.which C.how D.who
5.—Peter always remembers ________ the light off when he leaves the room.
—That's great. It's a good way to save energy.
A.shut B.shutting C.to shut
6.________ the people locked inside, the firemen broke down the door.
A.Reach B.To reach C.Reaching D.To reaching
7.I hope ____ in my hometown after I finish school.
A.work B.works C.working D.to work
8.—Mum, I have lost the tennis match. I can't feel worse now!
—Dear, I know ____ how you feel. But I believe you can make it if you keep practicing!
A.properly B.widely C.exactly D.closely
9.Will you remind ____ to my mother this Friday
A.writing B.me to write
C.of writing D.me of writing
10.Boys and girls, good luck and wish you ________ good grades on your new journey!
A.cutting B.to cut C.getting D.to get
二、单词拼写
11.
Tell me truth if you t me, please.
12.
You should a being late for school.
13.
She got on the bus, took a s and started to read a newspaper.
14.As a student, you should o the school rules.
15.
He was so hungry that he ate up the big b of noodles in a second.
三、适当形式填空
16.It is dangerous (play) with knife.
17.She stopped her car in time to avoid (hit) the dog.
18.We must keep them from (get)
to know our plans.
19.Everyone in our class was invited
(take) part in that activity.
20.It's my (please) to help you
with the luggage.
21.Audrey
Hepburn's great (achieve)is
to be a humanitarian.
四、完成句子
22.他是第一个想到这个点子的人。
He was the first person the idea.
23.她们的梦想是成为出色的舞蹈家。
Their dreams excellent dancers.
24.别担心,我不会让你失望。
Don't worry. I won't you .
25.他们沿着街道并排走着。
They were walking along the street .
26.你应该诚实对待自己。
You should yourself.
五、语法选择
27.语法选择
Once
upon a time there was a little cook. Her name was Caroline and she lived in a town.
She was very cute and beautiful. Her eyes were as (1) as the stars. Her lips were so pink that even the
roses were interested by them. In the town, there was a king (2) was
always sad and easy to get angry. He did not have (3) cook in his palace because of his strange character.
So he could only eat junk food while Caroline cooked nice meals for the poor kids
in town.
One day, Caroline had (4) great idea. She decided to go to the palace (5) to the king. When she rang the doorbell, the king opened the door (6) . Caroline took a deep breath and asked the king with a nervous smile," Can….Can I use your huge kitchen to cook meals (7) kids "
The
king thought for a second. Then he agreed to let Caroline (8) his kitchen for two hours. Caroline jumped for
joy at once. She picked (9) vegetables
from her family's vegetables garden. Then she (10) all of them to the palace.
After a while, the king smelt the smell of cooking (11) from the kitchen. So he wanted to go in to see (12) Caroline cooked food. (13) Caroline saw him, she asked him to taste the food that she was cooking. (14) delicious food it was!
From that day on, the people in that town had a happy king. They (15) to the parties in the palace. And the king shared his big table full of delicious food with the poor.
(1)A.brightest B.brightly C.bright D.brighter
(2)A.whom B.what C.who D.which
(3)A.some B.each C.every D.any
(4)A./ B.a C.an D.the
(5)A.talking B.to talk C.talked D.talk
(6)A.angry B.anger C.angrier D.angrily
(7)A.for B.of C.to D.at
(8)A.to use B.use C.using D.used
(9)A.much B.most C.more D.many
(10)A.carry B.carries C.carried D.was carrying
(11)A.comes B.to come C.came D.coming
(12)A.how B.what C.which D.that
(13)A.If B.Though C.While D.When
(14)A.What a B.What C.How D.How a
(15)A.invited B.were inviting C.were invited D.was invited
六、任务型阅读
28.任务型阅读
Reading books can be a
great way to pick up new vocabulary, see grammar in action and develop your
understanding of a language.
Avoid
the classics, for they often use very old English words that are difficult to
understand. Children's books are a great place to start. Dr. Seuss's books are
sure to make you laugh. Dr. Seuss writes his books in rhyme and they are all
very funny. Starting with something like this means you are more likely to
finish the book and want to read more.
For more advanced
learners, you could try the Hobbit by J.R.R.Tolkien. If you like reading about historical events, Anne Holm ' I am David is a good read.
If you're not quite
ready to read a full book, why not try Roald Dahl's Revolting Rhymes Or, try a very short book like one from Roger
Hargeaves's Mr. Men and Little Miss series. Although they are intended for
young children, they are a good way to pick up some more basic vocabulary.
My final piece of
advice would be to read something that interests you. Look at the short summary
of the book on the back cover and see if it looks like something that you would
enjoy. Think about the type that is in your own language and find one of that
type in English.
A.
For beginners, I would recommend starting with something short and simple.
B.
The key to success is choosing the right book for you.
C.
The book isn't too long and it may be easier to follow if you've seen the film.
D.
This way, you're more likely to enjoy reading, rather than see it as a
headache.
E.
This book contains lots of short stories, based on fairy tales, all written in
rhyme.
【答案解析】
1.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意:——爱丽丝又重感冒了!——真的吗?她应该意识到保持健康的重要性。A猜测,B讨论,C意识到,D考虑,根据the importance of keeping healthy,可知是要意识到重要性,故选C。
【点评】考查动词辨析,注意识记realize的用法。
2.【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意:听音乐和看电影都是放松的娱乐方式。achievement成就;agreement同意;development发展;entertainment娱乐。根据Listening to music and watching films听音乐和看电影,可知听音乐和看电影都是娱乐方式,故选D。
【点评】考查名词辨析,首先理解名词词义,然后根据关键词句意确定名词。
3.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:基蒂,这些书太重了,你拿不动。让我来帮你。too...to... 为固定搭配,意为"太……以至于(不能)……"。故选B。
【点评】考查固定搭配,注意识记too...to...的用法。
4.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意:通过完成任务,我们学会了如何作为一个团队来工作。what什么;which哪一个;how如何;who谁。根据 to work as a team 可知此处是指如何工作。故选C。
【点评】考查宾语从句的引导词,注意根据语境判断空处表达的含义,使用正确的引导词。
5.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意:——彼得离开房间时总是记得关灯。——太好了。这是节约能源的好方法。shut关上,实义动词。remember to do sth.记得做某事,指的是事情没做;remember doing sth.记得做了某事,指的是事情做了。根据when he leaves the room,可知离开房间时总是记得关灯,关灯还没有做,故选C。
【点评】考查短语辨析,首先识记remember to do sth.和remember doing sth.区别,然后根据句意和常识确定单词。
6.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:为了接触被锁在里面的人,消防员破门而入。分析句子可知the people locked inside,的目的是the firemen broke down the door。作目的状语用动词不定式。故选B。
【点评】考查非谓语动词,注意识记非谓语动词的用法。
7.【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意:我希望毕业后能在家乡工作。hope to do sth.为固定搭配,意为"希望做某事",空处使用不定式作宾语。故选D。
【点评】考查固定搭配,注意识记hope to do sth.的用法。
8.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意:——妈妈,我输了这场网球比赛。我现在感觉糟透了!——亲爱的,我知道你的感受。但我相信如果你坚持练习,你会成功的! properly 正确地,适当地; widely 广泛地; exactly精确地,确切地; closely 仔细地,严密地。根据 how you feel 可知此处是指确切知道你的感受。故选C。
【点评】考查副词辨析,注意理解词义,理解句意。
9.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:你能提醒我这个星期五给我母亲写信吗?mind doing sth.=mind sb. to do sth.,意为"介意做某事",固定搭配。故选B。
【点评】考查固定搭配,注意识记mind的相关用法。
10.【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意:同学们,祝你们好运,在新的征程中取得好成绩!cutting,cut的动名词形式,to cut动词不定式,getting,get的动名词形式,to get动词不定式。固定词组wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事,后接动词不定式,排除答案A和C,get good grades,取得好成绩,故选D。
【点评】考查非谓语动词。掌握词组wish sb. to do sth.和get good grades,根据语境选择合适的答案。
11.【答案】trust
【解析】【分析】句意:如果你相信我,请告诉我真相。根据题干中的语句Tell me truth if you及首字母t的提示,可知此句需要动词trust,相信,动词。因由if引导的条件状语从句,要用一般现在时,故填trust。
【点评】考查单词trust的拼写及含义。注意if引导的条件状语从句的时态对应。
12.【答案】avoid
【解析】【分析】句意:你应该避免上学迟到。由首字母a及语句being late for school,可知此句需要动词avoid,避免,逃避。should,应该,情态动词,其后跟动词原形,故填avoid。
【点评】考查动词avoid的基本含义及书写。注意固定短语avoid doing sth。
13.【答案】seat
【解析】【分析】句意:她上了公共汽车,坐下,开始看报纸。take a seat,坐下,固定短语,故填seat。
【点评】考查单词seat的基本含义及书写。注意固定短语take a seat的构成及含义。
14.【答案】obey
【解析】【分析】句意:作为一个学生,你应该遵守学校规定。我们知道学生们都应该遵守学校的规章制度。obey遵守,should应该,情态动词,后面跟动词原形。故答案为:obey。
【点评】此题考查单词拼写。根据句意完成单词。
15.【答案】bowl
【解析】【分析】句意:他饿极了,一秒钟就把那一大口面条吃完了。根据首字母b及语句的含义可知此空需要名词bowl,碗,a big bowl of noodles,一大碗面条,固定短语,故填bowl。
【点评】考查名词bowl的基本含义及拼写。注意固定结构a bowl of的构成。
16.【答案】to play
【解析】【分析】句意:玩刀子是很危险的。It is+形容词+to do sth.,做某事是......,固定句式,故答案为:to play。
【点评】考查动词不定式。注意固定句式It is+形容词+to do sth.的用法。
17.【答案】hitting
【解析】【分析】句意:她及时停车避免了撞到狗。avoid doing sth,避免做某事,故答案为:hitting。
【点评】考查动名词用法。注意固定短语avoid doing sth的用法。
18.【答案】getting
【解析】【分析】句意:我们必须防止他们知道我们的计划。keep…from doing sth. 防止某人做某事,是固定搭配,get 的-ing 形式为 getting,故填 getting。
【点评】考查固定搭配。记住 keep…from doing sth. 的用法。
19.【答案】to take
【解析】【分析】句意:我们班上每个人被邀请参加那个活动。be invited to do sth. 被邀请做某事,是固定搭配,故填 to take。
【点评】考查固定搭配。记住 be done to do sth. 的用法。
20.【答案】pleasure
【解析】【分析】句意:帮您提行李是我的荣幸。my 我的,是形容词性物主代词,后接名词,please 请,是动词,其名词形式为 pleasure(乐意),故填 pleasure。
【点评】考查动词变名词的词性转换。记住形容词性物主代词后接名词。
21.【答案】achievement
【解析】【分析】句意:奥黛丽赫本的巨大成就是成为一个人道主义者。 achieve,动词,成就,根据a,形容词great可知,应使用名词形式,achievement,故答案是achievement。
【点评】考查单词拼写,注意单词achievement拼写形式。
22.【答案】to;think;of
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照可知句子缺少成分“想起,想到”。想起 think of 。此处是不定式作后置定语。故答案为:to think of。
【点评】考查句子翻译。注意固定短语think of的用法。
23.【答案】are;to;be /become
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照可知此处缺少成分“是成为”。be是,become成为,变成;句子是一般现在时,句子是系表结构,句子主语是名词复数,系动词用are,此处是动词不定式作表语,故答案为:are to be /become 。
【点评】考查汉译英。注意动词不定式作表语的用法。
24.【答案】let;down
【解析】【分析】令某人失望,let sb down,固定短语。won't,助动词,其后跟动词原形,故填let,down。
【点评】考查汉译英。注意固定短语let down的含义及构成。
25.【答案】side;by;side
【解析】【分析】并排,side by side,固定短语,故填side by side。
【点评】考查汉译英。分析句式结构,确定所缺成分,根据语境确定其英文翻译。
26.【答案】be;honest;with
【解析】【分析】诚实,be honest with,固定结构。should,情态动词,其后跟动词原形,故填be honest with。
【点评】 考查汉译英。注意根据中英文对照,结合所给单词确定所缺单词或短语,根据语境确定其正确形式。
27.【答案】(1)C;(2)C;(3)D;(4)B;(5)B;(6)D;(7)A;(8)B;(9)D;(10)C;(11)D;(12)A;(13)D;(14)B;(15)C
【解析】【分析】短文大意:本文主要讲述了一个国王,脾气古怪,总是伤心,容易发怒。他的宫殿里没有厨师。他只能吃垃圾食品。有一个女孩,她可爱美丽,她是一个好厨师。她想了一个好主意,她决定去宫殿给国王做饭。国王吃了她做的饭很高兴。从此人们看到了一个快乐的国王。人们被邀请到宫殿,和国王分享满桌的的美味。
(1)句意:她的眼睛和星星一样明亮。A. brightest最明亮的,bright的最高级; B. brightly明亮地,adv.;C. bright明亮的,adj.;D. brighter比较亮的,bright的比较级。As+形容词或副词原级+as:和……一样的,同级比较;根据谓语动词were可知后面跟形容词;故选C。
(2)句意:镇上有一个国王,他总是伤心,容易发怒。A. whom谁,宾格,当先行词是人,并在定语从句中作宾语时用whom引导定语从句;B. what什么;C. who谁,主格;当先行词是人时并在定语从句中作主语或宾语时用who引导定语从句;D. which哪一个,当先行词是物时,用which引导定语从句。本句中先行词是a king,是人,并在后面的定语从句中作主语,引导词who,故选C。
(3)句意:由于他古怪的性格,他在宫殿里没有厨师。A. some一些,一般用于肯定句或表示特殊语气的一般疑问句中;B. each每一个,强调个体;C. every每一个,强调整体;D. any一些,任何一个。本句是否定句,结合句意和语境可知用any,故选D。
(4)句意:有一天,卡洛琳想到了一个好主意。A. /零冠词;B. a 泛指,意思是一个,用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前;C. an 泛指,意思是一个,用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词前;D. the特指,独一无二名词前像地球,月亮,太阳。Idea(主意)是可数名词单数,great [gre t](伟大的)是辅音音素开头,故选B。
(5)句意:她决定到王宫去和国王谈谈。A. talking谈话,讲,talk的现在分词;B. to talk谈话,讲,talk的动词不定时;C. talked谈话,讲,talk的过去式; D. talk谈话,讲。 她决定到王宫的目的是和国王谈谈。动词不定时可作目的状语,故选B。
(6)句意:她按门铃时,国王怒气冲冲地把门打开。A. angry adj.生气的;B. anger n. 愤怒;C. angrier更生气的,angry的比较级;D. angrily adv. 愤怒地。副词修饰动词或形容词或副词。故选D。
(7)句意:可以……我可以用你的大厨房给孩子做饭吗?A. for为,为了;倾向于;关于;B. of属于,……的;C. to到;向,朝着;关于;D. at(表示位置)在;在(某时间或时刻);以,达; 向。Cook meals for/为 sb.:给……做饭。故选A。
(8)句意:然后他同意让卡洛琳用他的厨房用两个小时。Let sb. do sth.:让某人做某事;故选B。
(9)句意:她从她家菜园里摘了许多蔬菜。A. much许多,修饰不可数名词;B. most最多,many和much的最高级;C. more 较多,many和much的比较级;D. many许多,修饰可数名词复数。vegetable可数名词,故选D。
(10)句意:然后她把所有的东西都带到宫殿里。A. carry携带;支撑;输送,搬运;B. carries carry的三单形式;C. carried carry的过去式;D. was carrying 进行时态。根据时间then,和上文时态为一般过去式,故选C。
(11)句意:过了一会儿,国王闻到厨房里散发出的香味。现在分词作后置定语修饰名词。故选D。
(12)句意:所以他想进去看看卡洛琳是怎么做食物的。A. how怎样;B. what什么;C. which哪一个;D. that宾语从句是陈述句,用that引导;宾语从句是特殊疑问句,用特殊疑问词引导宾语从句。此处指做饭方法,故选A。
(13)句意:当卡洛琳看见他时,她请他尝一尝她正在煮的食物。A. If如果;B. Though然而,虽然,不过;C. While当……时候,后面的从句一般用进行时态;D. When当……时候。故选D。
(14)句意:这是多么美味的食物啊!英语中感叹句有两种形式:1.what引导的感叹句,其构成:what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!/ what +形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!/ what +形容词+不可数名词复数+主语+谓语! 2. How引导的感叹句,其构成:how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!本句中delicious food美味的食物,food是不可数名词;故选B。
(15)句意:他们被邀请参加宫廷聚会。根据下文And the king shared his big table full of delicious food with the poor.(国王和穷人分享他的摆满桌子的美食)可知他们被邀请参加宫廷聚会。结合句意可知用被动语态,被动语态的构成:动作的承受着+be+动词的过去分词+(by+动作的执行者)。结合本句,本句的主语是复数,根据语境和句意可知用过去式,故填were invited,故选C。
【点评】考查完形填空。先阅读理解,掌握短文大意。然后认真阅读每个句子。根据上下文的联系确定句子中所缺的词,然后根据语法知识和固定搭配选择合适的选项。
28.【答案】B;A;C;E;D
【解析】【分析】文章大意:阅读对于学习新词汇、语法和发展语言理解能力是非常有帮助的,那么如何选择适合自己的书进行阅读呢?这篇短文中作者给我们提了一些建议。
A. For beginners, I would recommend starting with something short and simple.
对于初学者来说,我建议你从一些简短而简单的事情开始。
B. The key to success is choosing the right book for you.
成功的关键是选择适合你的书。
C. The book isn't too long and it may be easier to follow if you've seen the film.
这本书不太长,如果你看过这部电影,可能更容易理解。
D. This way, you're more likely to enjoy reading, rather than see it as a headache.
这样,你就更喜欢阅读,而不是把它看作是一种头痛。
E. This book contains lots of short stories, based on fairy tales, all written in rhyme.
这本书有许多短篇故事,都是以童话为基础,都是用押韵的形式写成的。
(1)根据前句"Reading books can be great way to pick up new vocabulary, see grammar in action and develop your understanding of language."可知说的是书的重要性,结合选项,应说成功的关键是选择适合你的书。故选B。
(2)根据后句"Avoid the classics,for they often use very old English words that are difficult to understand. Children's books are great place to start."可知从简单的开始,结合选项,应说对于初学者,我建议从简短的开始。故选A。
(3)根据前句"For more advanced learners, you could try the Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkien."可知说的是这本书,结合选项,应说这本书不太长,如果你看过这部电影,可能会更容易理解。故选C。
(4)根据前句" If you're' not quite ready to read a full book, why not try Roald Dahl' s Revolting Rhymes "可知说的是押韵,结合选项,应说这本书包含了许多以童话为基础的短篇故事,都是用押韵写的。故选E。
(5)根据前句My final piece of advice would be to read something that interestsyou."可知读感兴趣的,结合选项,应说这样,你就更有可能享受阅读,而不是把它视为头痛的事情。故选D。
【点评】首先阅读每个选项,了解大致的意思,再通读全文,通过上下文,分析与文章上下文匹配的选项是哪个,还原句子之后,带入句子通读全文进行检查。
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