Module 2 - Module 4 知识梳理 2024-2025学年外研版八年级英语上册

初二英语期末复习专项
【Module2-4知识梳理】
M2重点短语：
1.参加一次比赛 enter/take part in a competition 2.全世界 all over the world
3.一次口语/写作比赛 a speaking/writing competition 4.赢得一等奖 win the first prize
5.我支付不起 I can’t afford it.(afford to do) 6.停止尝试 stop trying
7.编造 make up 8.邀请某人做某事 invite sb to do sth.
9.一个15岁的美国男孩 a fifteen-year-old American boy 10.此刻、现在 at the moment
11.派某人去某地 send sb to sp. 12.与……不同 be different from (the same as)
13.到目前为止 so far 14.学习做某事 learn to do sth.
重点句子：
1. 我会帮助你提高演讲，或许你还可以获奖呢。
I will help you improve your speaking. And maybe you will win a prize.
2. 你以前得过奖吗？Have you ever won any prizes before
3. 我也已经参加过很多演讲比赛，但是没有赢得任何奖品。（enter competitions）
I’ve also entered lots of speaking competitions, but haven’t won any prizes.
我现在已经不在尝试了。（stop doing）I’ve stopped trying now.
他编了个有趣的故事，讲给他的朋友们听。He made up an interesting story and told it to his friends.
6. 一等奖只是一本叫环世界80天的书。
The first prize is only a book called Around the World in 80 Days!
7.为了获奖，你可以写一篇关于你去曾经去过的地方的短故事。
To win it, you need to write a short story about a place you have visited.
8. 现在他们在埃及开罗，非洲最大、最繁华的城市之一。
At the moment, they are in Cairo in Egypt, one of the biggest and busiest cities in Africa.
9. 他们已经去过很多有趣的地方。They have been to many interesting places.
10. 这种语言在很多方面和英语不同，他们发现很难拼读单词。
This language is different from English in many ways, and they find it hard to spell and pronounce the words.
M3 重点短语
the latest news最新消息 2. in order to do（so that +句子）为了做某事
go online to search for information.上网搜索信息 4. sent back 发送回来
in order to do 为了;目的是 6.seven other planets 另外7个行星 7.many other galaxies许多其他的星系 8. far enough (adj.+enough )足够远 9. communicate with（communication）与...沟通 10. hundreds of millions of 数以亿计的 11. in the universe 在宇宙中 12.the solar system 太阳系
重点句子
What are you up to 你在忙什么？（be up to sb.由...决定）
Do you want to stay or go 　It’s up to you. 你是要留下还是要走呢 你自己定。
2. That’s why it’s on the news. (that’s because...) 那就是为什么它上新闻了。
3. I haven’t started yet because I’m not sure how to make it. 我还没开始呢，真不知道怎么做。
4. Scientists have sent a spaceship to Mars. The journey has taken several months.
科学家已向火星发射了一个航天器，它在太空中行使了好几个月了。
5. Scientists think that there has been life on earth for hundreds of millions of years.
科学家们认为数亿年前地球上已经有生命存在了。
However, we have not found life on any other planets yet.然而，我们还没有在任何其他行星上发现生命。
7. None of them has an environment like that of the earth.
没有一颗行星拥有与地球一样的环境。
M4重点短语
1. feel ill 感觉病了 2. catch a cold(caught) 感冒
3. take one’s temperature 量体温 4. There's no fever. 不发烧
5. do/take some exercise做运动,锻炼(“运动”,不可数;练习”和“体操”,可数）
6. feel well/sleepy/awful 感到健康/困乏的/糟糕的 入睡: fall asleep
7. What a great idea! 多好的一个主意！
(感叹句:1.What a/an +adj.+n.单数2.What adj.+n.复数3.How+adj./adv)
8. in excellent condition健康状况很好（out of condition健康状况不佳）
9. be harmful to 对……有危害
10. ride a bike to school=go to school by bike 骑自行车去学校
11. set up 建立 12. take good care of=look after...well 照顾得好
13. have a healthy diet健康饮食(health,healthy,healthily) unhealthy不健康的
M4重点句子
1. My head hurts.= I have got a headache.=I have a pain in my head. 我头疼。
2. How long have you been like this 你这样多久了
3.Take it three times a day. 每天吃三次药。
4. That's why you've got a stomach ache. 这就是为什么你胃疼。
5. You spend too much time in front of the computer.(spend ...doing).你花费太多时间在电脑前。
6. It can be harmful to your health. 它对你的健康有害。
7. I have been ill for about three days. 我病了大约三天了。(How long 提问).
8. I haven’t done much exercise since I got my computer last year.
自从去年有了电脑，我就没做很多锻炼.
9. Now I get exercise by taking him for a walk everyday. I have had him for three months now.
现在每天通过带它去散步我得到了锻炼。现在我拥有它已三个月了。
10. Since then, it has become part of my life.自那以后他成了我生活的一部分。
11. Why don’t we go for a run before school =Why not go for a run before school 我们为何不在上学前跑步呢？
12. Perhaps I am too weak to do any exercise. 也许我太虚弱了不能训练。
Perhaps I am so weak that I can’t do any exercise.
Perhaps I am not strong enough to do any exercise.
现在完成时：
定义：现在完成时是一种现在的时态，用来表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响，或者表示动作从过去一直持续到现在。
结构：“助动词have/has +动词的过去分词”。单数第三人称用has，其他用have。
现在完成时的标志词：
现在完成时常与时间副词already（意思是“已经”，通常用在肯定句中） ，yet（用在疑问句中意思是“已经”；用在否定句中意思是“还”） ，just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever（曾经） ，never（从不） ，before（以前）等连用。
现在完成时常与for 和since 引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。作介词时，for 后跟“一段时间”，如for two years, for half an hour等；而since 则跟“过去一个时间的起点”，整个短语来表达“一段时间”，如since 2011, since two months ago 等。since 还可用作连词，引导一个时间状语从句，常用过去时。对它们提问时，一般都用how long。
have been to 与have gone to 的区别
have(has) been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经回来；have(has) gone to 表示“去了某地”，现在不在这里，已经到达某地或正在去某地的途中，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。