绝密★考试结束前
2024年高考最后一卷
英语
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Where does the conversation probably take place
A．At the woman's home. B．In a clothing shop. C．In a shoe shop.
2．What will the speakers probably do
A．Have a walk. B．Go swimming. C．Ride a bike.
3．How much will the man pay for the tickets
A．$18. B．$20. C．$28.
4．Why does the woman prefer to go by car
A．It is fast. B．It is cheap. C．It is convenient.
5．How does Jack feel now
A．Confident. B．Discouraged. C．Pleased.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6．What is likely to blame for the woman’s feeling sick
A．The flu. B．Food poison. C．Lack of sleep.
7．What’s the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Teacher and student. B．Doctor and patient. C．Classmates.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8．What does the woman suggest
A．Going for a swim.
B．Keeping the room damp.
C．Cleaning the air conditioner.
9．Where are the speakers now
A．In the man’s house. B．In a studio. C．In a nearby store.
10．What does the woman use to keep cool in summer
A．The ceiling fan. B．Air conditioning. C．Frozen water bottles.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
11．What did the speakers do just now
A．They went to a concert.
B．They went to the movies.
C．They visited an exhibition.
12．How did the man get the tickets
A．He got them from his sister.
B．He bought them at a higher price.
C．He bought them in the ticket office.
13．What selective course did the man choose
A．Marketing. B．Accounting. C．Fashion design.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14．What is probably happening according to the woman
A．A factory fire. B．A barbecue. C．A house fire.
15．What do we know about Liz
A．She has more accurate news than radio.
B．She can’t tolerate the speakers’ children.
C．She knows a lot of neighborhood information.
16．How long did the smoke last
A．For 20 minutes. B．For 40 minutes. C．For an hour.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17．What is the name of the school’s basketball team
A．The Pandas. B．The Eagles. C．The Peacocks.
18．What did the school raise money for
A．A hospital. B．Women’s equality. C．The science fair.
19．Who won the award for excellence in English
A．Greg. B．Shannon. C．John.
20．When might the announcement take place
A．In February. B．In April. C．In June.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Throughout history, remarkable leaders have started to appear, leaving an indelible mark on their civilizations and shaping the course of human history. Here are some historical leaders whose impact reverberated far beyond their lifetimes, leaving a lasting legacy that transformed the civilizations they led.
Julius Caesar
As a brilliant military strategist and charming statesman, Caesar played a vital role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. His military conquests, including the famous crossing of the Rubicon, expanded the Roman territories and altered the political landscape, Caesar's vision for a centralized and stable Rome laid the groundwork for the imperial era, shaping the development of Western civilization.
Queen Elizabeth l
Queen Elizabeth I became the English throne in the 16th century and entered a period of cultural flourishing known as the Elizabethan Era. Under her rule, England saw remarkable achievements in literature, exploration and the arts, with master minds like William Shakespeare contributing to the cultural renaissance. Elizabeth's reign not only strengthened England's status as a global power but also left an enduring legacy of artistic and intellectual brilliance.
Nelson Mandela
South Africa in the 20th century bore witness to the transformative leadership of Nelson Mandela, A symbol of resistance against apartheid(种族隔离), Mandela spent 27 years in prison before emerging as a unifying figure in seeking for racial equality. Elected as South Africa's first Black president in 1994. Mandela made efforts to unify a divided nation. promoting forgiveness and inclusivity.
Emperor Qin Shi Huang
In ancient China, the remarkable leadership of Emperor Qin Shi Huang laid the groundwork for a unified and centralised state. As the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty, Qin Shi Huang standardised writing systems, currencies and measurements, fostering unity across diverse regions. Perhaps most famously, he initiated the construction of the Great Wall of China as a defence against invasions.
21．What was Julius Caesar's major influence
A．The vision for a military Rome.
B．The impact on Western civilization.
C．The foundation of Roman Republic.
D．The expansion of the Roman landscape.
22．What did Nelson Mandela fight for
A．Personal right. B．Economic boom.
C．National power. D．Racial equality.
23．Who unified the weights and measures
A．Qin Shi Huang. B．Queen Elizabeth I.
C．Nelson Mandela. D．Julius Caesar.
B
First established in 2000 to help thousands of working donkeys in Israel and the Palestinian Territories, the charity Safe Haven for Donkeys has begun working with an Egyptian partner organisation, the Bridge Foundation, to provide care to the donkeys in the El Saf region of Egypt.
Thousands of donkeys and mules work in the brick kilns (砖窑) in Egypt, of which there are approximately 1,000, carrying l.4 to 1.6 tonnes of bricks and moving at an intense pace to prevent unfired bricks from cracking in the heat. Due to a lack of expert veterinary (兽医) care, many of these animals are suffering intense pain from harness wounds, beatings, teeth and hoof issues and parasitic diseases spread by flies.
Now a collaboration between UK charity Safe Haven for Donkeys and Egyptian community development charity the Bridge Foundation is providing much-needed relief to these animals. The project includes a mobile veterinary clinic which treats common injuries and infections and trains owners on how to best look after their donkeys and mules.
Safe Haven for Donkeys CEO Andy Foxcroft said, “Currently, no other animal welfare charity provides veterinary interventions in these particular kilns, hence the need for Safe Haven’s expertise, on the ground, treating sick and injured animals and providing training for owners and local professionals (vets and farriers). This first year is vital as we hope to make a lasting impact by reducing the unnecessary suffering of working animals which sadly is all too common a feature in the brick kilns.”
Safe Haven for Donkeys’ work, which helps an estimated 10,000 animals a year is made possible by charitable donations that fund the treatment and training that they offer. You can donate at safehavenAdonkeys.org.
24．What causes the sufferings of the donkeys
A．The needs of kilns and their owners’ cruelty. B．Lack of expert advice and food shortage.
C．Heavy work and shortage of proper care. D．Water shortage and the heat of brick kilns.
25．How will Safe Haven for Donkeys help the working donkeys
A．Offering relief to them. B．Providing training for them.
C．Rescuing them from hard work. D．Monitoring those brick kilns.
26．What does Andy Foxcroft expect Safe Haven for Donkeys to do
A．Bring about more professional vets. B．Treat sick and injured animals well.
C．Provide professional training for owners. D．Shift working animals’ situation lastingly.
27．What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To call for donations B．To summarize the article.
C．To introduce Safe Haven. D．To praise the work of Safe Haven.
C
After promotions or engagements, many people’s impulse is to share good news with their nearest and dearest, or post on social media for all to see. Yet a study suggests that we are better off keeping our cards closer to our chests, for “positive secrets” can leave us feeling “energized and invigorated”.
Researchers at Columbia University conducted five experiments with 2,500 people and found that more than three quarters of participants instinctively wanted to tell someone else straight away when they had some good news. The study stated, “Prior research on secrecy has focused on the effects of negative secrets, secrets that involve information that people consider unpleasant, objectionable, or embarrassing. Although negative secrets have been found to be tiring, we propose that positive secrets can be energizing”.
We define feelings of energy as feeling alive, alert, active and invigorated. Delaying the moment when you share your good news with others allows you to spend more time savouring the information, reflecting on its meaning or considering possible joyful reactions to sharing the secret.
Participants in the study were shown 40 types of common good news. They were asked which they had personally experienced, which they had shared with others and which they had kept secret, at least for a while, and how these experiences made them feel. They were also asked to imagine they had a piece of good news and to picture two scenarios(场景), one in which they choose not to tell their partner until the end of the day, and one in which they try to call their partner but cannot get through, so have to wait until later. The first scenario, involving a deliberate choice to keep the secret for a few hours, led to positive feelings, while the second did not.
However, the researchers admitted that some “positive” secrets would not make you happy. This could be those kept secret to avoid embarrassment, such as when a piece of good news may make others feel worse about their own situation.
28．What does the underlined sentence imply
A．Keeping good news a secret. B．Giving your heart to your partner.
C．Sharing good news with others. D．Preventing your card from being seen.
29．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．What is the proper time to share good news.
B．What secrets are suitable for us to share.
C．How we should define feelings of energy.
D．Why delaying sharing good news is recommended.
30．How did the researchers get their findings
A．By making comparisons. B．By analyzing previous studies.
C．By demonstrating statistics. D．By referring to literary review.
31．Which of the following sharing may lead to embarrassment
A．You post your college acceptance letter on Tik Tok.
B．You talk about success before your partner who failed.
C．You tell your parents that you have won a scholarship.
D．You fail to put through to tell your wife your promotion.
D
The psychological term, valence weighting bias, describes people’s tendency to adapt in new circumstances by drawing more strongly from either their positive or negative attitudes, or rather, whether negative or positive internal “signals” carry the most weight in guiding people’s final behavior.
Studies led by Russell Fazio and Javier Granados from Ohio State University found links between a negative-leaning attitude and procrastination (拖延) and that it’s possible to shift the weighting bias and reverse the tendency to delay a task.
In the study, 147 college students participated in a program allowing them to accumulate course credits for engaging in a research. Those who thought it was an awful thing to do procrastinated starting. The study also explored whether students’ measures of self-control influenced task-related behaviors: How students characterized their level of motivation about the research program, and if that affected whether students got an early start. Results showed the combination of negative weighting bias and self-reported low motivation for self-control was linked to students putting off research program participation by getting started later in the semester.
Then the students in the program who were self-reported procrastinators and who scored high for negative weighting bias were asked to join in another study. Researchers then inspired one group in a way that led participants to weigh positive and negative signals in a more balanced way. This shift caused the students to accumulate credit hours more quickly than the group whose negative weighting bias and low self-control reliably predicted their delay. “If somebody is more motivated and able to think more about it, that might bring other considerations that weaken the influence of the valence weighting bias,” researchers said.
Negative weighting bias can have a positive effect on behavior, though. These researchers have also found evidence that a negative weighting bias may help people be more realistic when they’re asking themselves, “Have I studied enough for this test ” “It’s better to be more objectively balanced than to be at either extreme,” Fazio said. “But the situation where a particular valence weighting bias is likely to be problematic is going to vary.”
32．What can we know about valence weighting bias
A．It is used in modern technology. B．It influences people’s mental health.
C．It directs what people do variously. D．It leads to delays in carrying out tasks.
33．Students in the first study would start participating earlier if they ________.
A．suffered from valence weighting bias B．drew more strongly from positivity
C．thought poorly of their self-discipline D．considered themselves lack of motivation
34．What does the experiment in paragraph 4 indicate
A．High scores lead to more consideration.
B．Negative weighting bias can be reversed.
C．Participants need professional knowledge.
D．Measuring properly is of vital importance.
35．What message is conveyed in the last paragraph
A．Negative weighting bias can be beneficial.
B．People need to strive to be positive at any time.
C．Positive people tend to make random decisions.
D．Valence weighting bias applies to different situations.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Holiday Stress
The whole point of a holiday surely is to get away from everything, to give yourself some “time off” and to fight the mental tiredness. 36
Despite a holiday being designed to help you fight stress, it can actually create many stressful issues that you might not have considered beforehand. 37 Meanwhile, you’ll be concerned about things going wrong and costing you a lot of money and then when you’re out there you might miss all the usual ease. Consequently, when your comforts and routines are taken away, you can end up feeling rather stressful.
Travelling on the plane and even just getting to the airport can be much more stressful when you have to drag around lots of huge cases. 38 And pack light, even if it means you have to buy a towel when you get out there.
Usually, you are stressed about some aspects of your holiday. 39 For example, if your hotel failed to have your reservation, you could easily stay somewhere else and then get your money back later.
The great thing about holiday is that you get a period of time to deal with any stress you might be facing. When you arrive at your destination and find you are full of holiday stress, why not take a day out to just lie around on the beach and to listen to the waves. 40
Overall, with all those in mind, you can ensure your trip is more of a positive experience than a negative one.
A．We will look at what causes holiday stress.
B．Nonetheless, it can possible be a stressful thing.
C．However, you know the great thing about being on holiday.
D．It works to think of how you would manage in that situation.
E．This contributes to fighting any stress you might be experiencing.
F．It’s a good idea to minimize the amount of luggage you’re carrying.
G．You might spend the week packing luggage and worrying about almost everything.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I am one of the healthcare assistants in our neighborhood charity organization. Our 41 is to support families and the individuals who are in the end-of-life stage. We do whatever they need us to do. We can’t change the inevitable, but we can make a 42 .
Working for the charity, we operate every single day of the year, and I find myself 43 even on holidays. You might assume that helping to 44 a person facing death would be a sad experience. But what may 45 you is that it’s not. The families make the most of the time they have 46 . They remain 47 . Everyone knows what’s coming; they understand that their loved one is 48 , but it’s not a time for 49 ; it’s a time of togetherness and warmth.
I remember one particular family with three sisters and the fourth who was in the end-of-life stage. When I arrived, she was 50 , and I knew she might not 51 it through the night. But sitting with the sisters, talking about their childhood and sharing photos, it was a special time for me. The patient had asked for 52 earlier that day, and they made sure she got them. She went to sleep, and we lost her that night. The sisters 53 it, they thanked me, and it was a(n) 54 experience. I’ll always remember the sweet and bitter peaches!
There are some heartbreaking situations, but when we are there 55 the end, making the affair easier for the families, love outshines darkness.
41．A．hope B．role C．existence D．plan
42．A．living B．discovery C．difference D．decision
43．A．at leisure B．at home C．on business D．on duty
44．A．care for B．pray for C．wake up D．calm down
45．A．bother B．surprise C．disappoint D．impress
46．A．saved B．spent C．left D．fixed
47．A．anxious B．bitter C．confident D．positive
48．A．dying B．sleeping C．disappearing D．thinking
49．A．regret B．sorrow C．panic D．fright
50．A．worried B．disturbed C．unconscious D．dizzy
51．A．make B．see C．put D．think
52．A．bible B．photos C．clothing D．peaches
53．A．foresaw B．predicted C．survived D．tolerated
54．A．relieving B．comforting C．upsetting D．embarrassing
55．A．at B．in C．until D．before
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。
Shadow play, a conventional form of theatrical entertainment, 56 (survive) for centuries. The origins of shadow play 57 (believe) to date back to ancient China where it was later spread to other parts of the world.
The creation of puppets (木偶) is such a complex process that it demands extreme precision 58 is a test of the commitment as well as skills of craftsmen (匠人). These puppets are in 59 (they) works of art. Distinguishable character qualities appropriate for shadow performances are presented through the 60 (adopt) of realistic and abstract approaches.
In a typical shadow play performance, puppets are held behind a screen, with light cast onto the screen 61 (create) shadowy images that tell a story. The themes and characters 62 (feature) in shadow play performances vary widely depending on the cultural context.
While 63 (tradition) shadow play often involves fancy handmade puppets and fascinating storytelling, contemporary artists have explored new techniques, pushing the boundaries of 64 is possible with shadow play.
Despite the rise of digital entertainment, shadow play, a timeless tradition that goes beyond borders and generations, continues to exist 65 a valuable art form in many parts of the world.
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
66．假如你校英文报正在开展“More Housework, Less Pressure”主题征文活动，鼓励同学们参加家务劳动。请你写一篇征文。内容包括：
1. 陈述观点；
2. 分享经验；
3. 提出倡议。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
More Housework, Less Pressure
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
67．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Samantha and Jake had always been close to nature. Growing up in a small cottage situated deep within a thriving forest, they found comfort and wonder in the beauty of the natural world. Their daily adventures included exploring the woods, listening to the birdsong, and gazing at the starry night sky. However, as the years passed, they couldn’t help but notice the gradual changes in their beloved forest.
By the time Samantha turned sixteen and Jake was thirteen, they began to witness the effects of deforestation on their wonderland. The sound of chainsaws (电锯) and the sight of fallen trees became increasingly common. The siblings were feeling extremely shocked and sad by the loss of the forest they had cherished since childhood.
One day, after a particularly disheartening walk through the decreasing woods, Samantha came across a book about environmental heroes. These individuals had devoted their lives to preserving the natural world, and their stories of resilience (恢复力) and impact lighted a spark within Samantha’s heart. She believed that if they could make a difference , so could she and Jake.
Samantha couldn’t wait to share her new-found inspiration with her brother. She rushed home , her mind filled with ideas of how they could protect their forest. When she explained her thoughts to Jake, he nodded in agreement. “Our forest is like family to us,” he said, ”We can’t just stand by and watch it disappear. “
With firm determination, Samantha and Jake decided to take action. They began by organizing tree-planting events in their community, enlisting (征募) the help of friends and neighbors. Each sapling they planted was a symbol of hope for the future of their forest.
Soon , their efforts gained favor. The local schools joined their cause, incorporating environmental education into the curriculum and the community united behind them. Samantha and Jake’s forest restoration project had become a movement that united people of all ages.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Months passed, and the once-thinning forest began to show signs of recovery.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One day, a local news station reached out to Samantha and Jake.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．A
【详解】M: Wow! Beautiful home you have here.
W: Thanks. Let me take your coat. And would you leave your bag here
M: Oh yeah. Do I need to take off my shoes
2．B
【原文】M: Let's go for a walk.
W: That's boring. Let's ride in the back yard.
M: It's so hot, why not go swimming instead
W: Good idea.
3．C
【详解】M: How much is the ticket for tomorrow's show
W: It's ten dollars per adult and eight dollars per child.
M: Three tickets please. Two tickets for adult and one for child.
4．C
【原文】W: How would you go to Shanghai
M: I prefer to take the train to save money. What about you
W: By car, we needn’t bother to carry luggage.
5．B
【原文】W: Jack was quite confident after the test but he just got a C.
M: No wonder he wears a long face.
W: I hope he can be pleased as soon as possible.
6．B 7．A
【原文】M: You look rather pale, aren’t you feeling well
W: Not at all. I was sick most of the night. I didn’t sleep very well. Could I ask for a sick leave, sir
M: What seems to be the matter Is it the flu
W: No, I think it’s something I ate. We ate at that new restaurant last night and I must have eaten something that didn’t agree with me.
M: Was it that new restaurant on fourth street
W: Yes, it was. Why do you ask
M: Because her classmate John ate there last week and had the same kind of problem. He was sick the next day, too.
8．A 9．B 10．C
【原文】W: Is it hotter today than yesterday
M: Yes, it's also very damp.
W: We can go swimming later to cool off.
M: No thanks. I'd like to stay in the studio.
W: True, we have air conditioning here.
M: Right, I'm going to spend the whole day inside.
W: That's no fun.
M: But going outside is also no fun, I think.
W: Do you have air conditioning in your house
M: Yes, I leave it on when it is extremely hot. I also use my ceiling fan, which helps move the air in my house. How do you keep cool
W: I keep water bottles in my freezer. When I feel hot, I can put one behind my neck to cool off.
M: Good idea. I'll go to the store nearby to buy some bottles tomorrow.
11．C 12．A 13．B
【原文】W: Thanks for taking me here, John. I really enjoyed it.
M: I’m happy to know that you’re interested in space. Next time, I’ll bring you to another exhibition of spaceships.
W: Thank you. How did you get the tickets for the exhibition I know it’s very difficult to buy a ticket for it. Did you buy them from somebody else at a much higher price
M: No, my sister works in the ticket office. And everyone in that office can buy two tickets. So she offered me her two tickets.
W: That’s great. By the way, what did you choose for your selective course
M: At first I wanted to choose marketing, but they told me that it was full, so I chose accounting instead. What about you
W: I chose fashion design. Wow, it’s so late. Now I have to go back home.
M: Okay, see you.
14．C 15．C 16．B
【原文】W: There is some smoke. I wonder where it is coming from. There aren’t any factories over there. Are there
M: No, maybe someone is having a barbecue.
W: It must be the world’s biggest barbecue. That smoke is a hundred feet high.
M: Listen Sirens, there is your answer. There is always trouble for someone.
W: It looks to be coming from those new houses across the park. Just imagine moving into a new house and then it burns down.
M: It may not be that. Maybe it’s just a garden fire that has got out of control.
W: Oh, look, here is someone who will know all about it. If there is any news to be told, Liz will have it.
M: Now, don’t be unkind. She’s a valuable source of neighborhood information.
W: Yes, who needs radio or newspapers when Liz is around
M: She does tend to overstate. I think the newspapers are definitely more accurate than her.
W: Bless her, but she’s the kindest person I know.
M: I know she loves looking after our children. Anyone who can tolerate them deserves a medal.
W: Hey, look, the smoke is gone. That was quick. What would you say Twenty minutes or half an hour
M: Those fire fighters don’t mess about. It was three P. M. when the smoke appeared and it’s only three forty P. M. now.
17．A 18．A 19．B 20．C
【原文】M: Welcome to our annual student achievement awards. Here are our amazing award winners. In February, our school won the peacock award at the state art competition. In April, our basketball team won the league championships. It is the second year in a row that our pandas beat the eagles, our school's toughest competitor. And just recently, our drama class held their last performance of beauty and the beast with those ticket sales. We raised 7000 dollars for the children's hospital. Great job everyone. Now for the award for best athlete, for the boys, John Jenkins, our basketball team captain. For the girls Molly rice she came in second place in the state ping pong championships for outstanding achievement in science. Gregg Anderson he won 500 dollars at the science fair by building a remote controlled airplane. Shannon Jackson won for excellence in English for her essay on women's equality. Please come up and collect your awards. Well, that it folks have a great summer.
21．B 22．D 23．A
【导语】本文是说明文。本文主要讲述了历史几位杰出的领导人。
21．细节理解题。根据Julius Caesar下的“As a brilliant military strategist and charming statesman, Caesar played a vital role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. His military conquests, including the famous crossing of the Rubicon, expanded the Roman territories and altered the political landscape, Caesar's vision for a centralized and stable Rome laid the groundwork for the imperial era, shaping the development of Western civilization.(作为一位杰出的军事战略家和富有魅力的政治家，凯撒在罗马共和国转变为罗马帝国的过程中发挥了至关重要的作用。他的军事征服，包括著名的渡过卢比孔河，扩大了罗马的领土，改变了政治格局，凯撒对一个中央集权和稳定的罗马的愿景为帝国时代奠定了基础，塑造了西方文明的发展)”可知，凯撒大帝的主要影响是对西方文明的影响。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据Nelson Mandela下的“South Africa in the 20th century bore witness to the transformative leadership of Nelson Mandela, A symbol of resistance against apartheid(种族隔离), Mandela spent 27 years in prison before emerging as a unifying figure in seeking for racial equality.(20世纪的南非见证了纳尔逊·曼德拉(Nelson Mandela)的变革性领导。作为反对种族隔离的象征，曼德拉在狱中度过了27年，后来成为寻求种族平等的统一人物)”可知，纳尔逊·曼德拉为种族平等奋斗。故选D项。
23．细节理解题。根据Emperor Qin Shi Huang下的“As the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty, Qin Shi Huang standardised writing systems, currencies and measurements, fostering unity across diverse regions.(作为秦朝的第一位皇帝，秦始皇统一了文字系统、货币和度量衡，促进了不同地区的统一)”可知，秦始皇统一了度量衡。故选A项。
24．C 25．A 26．D 27．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个为驴提供救助的保护组织Safe Haven for Donkeys。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段“Thousands of donkeys and mules work in the brick kilns (砖窑) in Egypt, of which there are approximately 1,000, carrying l.4 to 1.6 tonnes of bricks and moving at an intense pace to prevent unfired bricks from cracking in the heat. Due to a lack of expert veterinary (兽医) care, many of these animals are suffering intense pain from harness wounds, beatings, teeth and hoof issues and parasitic diseases spread by flies.(成千上万的驴和骡子在埃及的砖窑里工作，其中大约有1000个，驮着1.4到1.6吨的砖，以快速的速度移动，以防止未烧制的砖在高温下开裂。由于缺乏专业的兽医护理，这些动物中有许多因马具伤口、殴打、牙齿和蹄子问题以及苍蝇传播的寄生虫病而遭受剧烈疼痛)”可知，繁重的工作和缺乏适当的照顾导致了驴的痛苦。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段“Now a collaboration between UK charity Safe Haven for Donkeys and Egyptian community development charity the Bridge Foundation is providing much-needed relief to these animals. The project includes a mobile veterinary clinic which treats common injuries and infections and trains owners on how to best look after their donkeys and mules.(现在，英国慈善机构驴安全港和埃及社区发展慈善机构桥基金会合作，为这些动物提供急需的救济。该项目包括一个流动兽医诊所，治疗常见的伤害和感染，并培训主人如何最好地照顾他们的驴和骡子)”可知，Safe Haven for Donkeys将为工作的驴提供救济。故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“This first year is vital as we hope to make a lasting impact by reducing the unnecessary suffering of working animals which sadly is all too common a feature in the brick kilns.(第一年是至关重要的，因为我们希望通过减少工作动物不必要的痛苦来产生持久的影响，可悲的是，这种痛苦在砖窑中太常见了)”可知，安迪·福克斯克罗夫特希望Safe Haven for Donkeys 持久地改变工作动物的处境。故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Safe Haven for Donkeys’ work, which helps an estimated 10,000 animals a year is made possible by charitable donations that fund the treatment and training that they offer. You can donate at safehavenAdonkeys.org.(驴的安全避难所每年帮助大约1万只动物，这是通过慈善捐款来资助他们提供的治疗和培训。你可以在safehavenAdonkeys.org上捐款)”可知，最后一段的目的是呼吁捐款。故选A。
28．A 29．D 30．A 31．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要向我们讲述了自己保留一些“积极的秘密”更能让我们精力充沛、充满活力。
28．词句猜测题。根据第一段“for ‘positive secrets’ can leave us feeling ‘energized and invigorated’. (因为“积极的秘密”会让我们感到“充满活力”。)”可知，我们会变得更好当我们把一个好消息当成秘密时。故选A项。
29．主旨大意题。根据第三段“We define feelings of energy as feeling alive, alert, active and invigorated. Delaying the moment when you share your good news with others allows you to spend more time savouring the information, reflecting on its meaning or considering possible joyful reactions to sharing the secret.(我们将能量的感觉定义为活跃、警觉、活跃和充满活力的感觉。推迟你与他人分享你的好消息的时刻，可以让你花更多的时间去品味这些信息，反思它的意义，或考虑对分享这个秘密可能产生的快乐反应。)”可知，本段主要讲的是推迟分享好消息所带来的好处，故选D项。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段“They were also asked to imagine they had a piece of good news and to picture two scenarios, one in which they choose not to tell their partner until the end of the day, and one in which they try to call their partner but cannot get through, so have to wait until later. The first scenario, involving a deliberate choice to keep the secret for a few hours, led to positive feelings, while the second did not.(他们还被要求想象他们有一个好消息和图片两个场景，一个他们选择不告诉他们的伙伴直到一天结束，和一个他们试图叫他们的伙伴但无法通过，所以不得不等到以后。第一种情况，包括故意选择保守秘密几个小时，导致了积极的感觉，而第二种情况则没有。)”可知，研究者是通过对比两种情况下人的心理感受得出了研究结论，故选A项。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, the researchers admitted that some “positive” secrets would not make you happy. This could be those kept secret to avoid embarrassment, such as when a piece of good news may make others feel worse about their own situation.(然而，研究人员承认，一些“积极”的秘密不会让你高兴。这可能是那些为了避免尴尬而保密的事情，比如当一条好消息可能会让别人对自己的处境感觉更糟时。)”可知，当和正在经历失败的人讨论自己的成功会让让别人感觉更加糟糕，因此会让自己尴尬，故选B项。
32．C 33．B 34．B 35．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了效价权重偏差（valence weighting bias），即个人倾向于积极还是消极态度来适应新环境或者新的工作任务，为解释拖延任务行为提供了新角度。俄亥俄州立大学的Russell Fazio和Javier Granados领导的研究发现了消极态度和拖延之间的联系，并且有可能改变权重偏差，逆转拖延任务的趋势。
32．细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“The psychological term, valence weighting bias, describes people’s tendency to adapt in new circumstances by drawing more strongly from either their positive or negative attitudes, or rather, whether negative or positive internal “signals” carry the most weight in guiding people’s final behavior. (心理学术语“效价加权偏差”描述了人们在新环境中的适应倾向，通过更强烈地从他们的积极或消极态度中汲取经验，或者更确切地说，无论是消极还是积极的内部“信号”在指导人们的最终行为方面都具有最大的影响力)”可知，效价权重偏差指导人们做各种各样的事情。故选C。
33．推理判断题。文章第三段讲到“Those who thought it was an awful thing to do procrastinated starting. The study also explored whether students’ measures of self-control influenced task-related behaviors: How students characterized their level of motivation about the research program, and if that affected whether students got an early start. (那些认为这是一件糟糕的事情的人拖延了开始。该研究还探讨了学生的自我控制措施是否影响任务相关行为：学生如何表征他们对研究项目的动机水平，以及这是否影响学生是否提前开始。)”可知，认为这是一件糟糕的事情的人是消极的，这些人参与就晚，因此可推理，认为这是一件好的事情的人就会早参与。因此，在第一项研究中，如果学生们更加积极乐观，他们会更早开始参与。故选B。
34．推理判断题。文章第四段讲到“This shift caused the students to accumulate credit hours more quickly than the group whose negative weighting bias and low self-control reliably predicted their delay. (这种转变导致学生比负权重偏差和低自制力可靠地预测其延迟的那组学生更快地积累学分)”可知，第四段中的实验说明负权重偏差可以逆转。故选B。
35．细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到“Negative weighting bias can have a positive effect on behavior, though. (然而，负权重偏见可能对行为产生积极影响。)”可知，最后一段传达的信息是负权重偏差可能是有益的。故选A。
36．B 37．G 38．F 39．D 40．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了假期可能带来的压力问题，分析了假期压力产生的原因，并给出了一些应对压力的建议。
36．根据空前内容“The whole point of a holiday surely is to get away from everything, to give yourself some ‘time off’ and to fight the mental tiredness.(假期的全部意义就是逃离一切，给自己一些“休息时间”，并消除精神疲劳)”可知，文章在探讨假期的意义。但接下来的第二段“Despite a holiday being designed to help you fight stress, it can actually create many stressful issues that you might not have considered beforehand.(尽管假期的目的是帮助你对抗压力，但它实际上会产生许多你可能事先没有考虑到的压力问题)”与首句产生了对比，说明假期也可能带来压力。B选项“Nonetheless, it can possible be a stressful thing.(尽管如此，它可能仍然是一件有压力的事情)”与上下文形成了很好的衔接，既承认了假期的正面意义，又指出了其可能带来的问题。故选B。
37．根据空前内容“Despite a holiday being designed to help you fight stress, it can actually create many stressful issues that you might not have considered beforehand.(尽管假期的目的是帮助你对抗压力，但它实际上会产生许多你可能事先没有考虑到的压力问题)”可知，假期会产生许多没有考虑的问题。选项G“You might spend the week packing luggage and worrying about almost everything.(你可能会花一周的时间收拾行李，担心几乎所有的事情)”是上文内容的自然延续，指的是假期会产生很多问题，比如需要收拾行李，担心所有的事情。故选G。
38．根据空前内容“Travelling on the plane and even just getting to the airport can be much more stressful when you have to drag around lots of huge cases. (当你在飞机上甚至只是到机场时，不得不拖着许多巨大的行李箱会让旅行变得更加有压力)”可知，太多行李会让旅行有压力。选项F“It’s a good idea to minimize the amount of luggage you’re carrying.(尽量少带行李是个好主意)”是对空前内容的建议性回应，即减少携带的行李数量是一个好主意。故选F。
39．根据空前内容“Usually, you are stressed about some aspects of your holiday.(通常，你会对假期的某些方面感到压力)”可知，我们会对假期的某些方面感到有压力。选项D“It works to think of how you would manage in that situation.(想想在那种情况下你会如何处理)”是上文的自然延续，指的是当我们遇到问题时，我们可以想想解决方法。故选D。
40．根据上文内容“The great thing about holiday is that you get a period of time to deal with any stress you might be facing. When you arrive at your destination and find you are full of holiday stress, why not take a day out to just lie around on the beach and to listen to the waves.(假期的好处是你有一段时间来处理你可能面临的任何压力。当你到达目的地，发现自己充满了假期压力时，为什么不花一天时间躺在沙滩上，听听海浪的声音呢？)”可知，上文提到的是我们可以利用假期放松自己。选项E“This contributes to fighting any stress you might be experiencing.(这有助于对抗你可能正在经历的任何压力)”中的“this”指的是上文提到的“为什么不花一天时间躺在沙滩上，听听海浪的声音呢？”，指的是这样做可以帮助我们对抗压力。故选E。
41．B 42．C 43．D 44．A 45．B 46．C 47．D 48．A 49．B 50．C 51．A 52．D 53．A 54．B 55．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者是社区慈善组织的一名医疗助理，支持那些处于生命末期的家庭和个人，而那些面对家人要去世的家庭总是充满了温暖和团结。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的职责是支持那些处于生命末期的家庭和个人。A. hope希望；B. role职责，角色；C. existence存在；D. plan计划。根据上文“I am one of the healthcare assistants in our neighborhood charity organization.”可知，此处指作者的职责是照顾家庭和个人。故选B。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们不能改变不可避免的事情，但我们可以有所作为。A. living生活方式；B. discovery发现；C. difference差异；D. decision决定。根据上文“We do whatever they need us to do.”可知，虽然不能改变不可避免的事情，但我们可以有所作为（make a difference）。故选C。
43．考查介词短语辨析。句意：为慈善机构工作，我们一年中的每一天都在工作，我发现自己即使在假期也要值班。A. at leisure空闲；B. at home在家；C. on business出差；D. on duty值班。根据上文“we operate every single day of the year”可知，指假期也要值班。故选D。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可能会认为帮助照顾一个面临死亡的人会是一种悲伤的经历。A. care for关心，照顾；B. pray for祈祷；C. wake up醒来；D. calm down平静下来。结合作者的工作“the healthcare assistants”以及后文“a person facing death”可知，此处指照顾一个快要死去的人。故选A。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但令你惊讶的是，事实并非如此。A. bother麻烦；B. surprise使惊讶；C. disappoint使失望；D. impress使印象深刻。根据后文“...it’s a time of togetherness and warmth”可知，这些快要死亡的人充分利用剩下的时间，与上文提到悲伤的经历相反，这令人惊讶。故选B。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些家庭充分利用剩下的时间。A. saved挽救；B. spent花费；C. left剩下，离开；D. fixed修理。根据上文“The families make the most of the time they have”指充分利用剩下的时间。故选C。
47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们仍然持乐观态度。A. anxious焦虑的；B. bitter苦涩的；C. confident自信的；D. positive积极的。根据后文“it’s a time of togetherness and warmth.”可知，这些人仍然保持乐观。故选D。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个人都知道接下来会发生什么；他们知道他们所爱的人即将死去，但这不是悲伤的时候；这是一个团聚和温暖的时刻。A. dying死亡；B. sleeping睡觉；C. disappearing消失；D. thinking思考。呼应上文“a person facing death”指所爱的人即将死去。故选A。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都知道接下来会发生什么；他们知道他们所爱的人即将死去，但这不是悲伤的时候；这是一个团聚和温暖的时刻。A. regret后悔；B. sorrow悲伤；C. panic恐慌；D. fright恐惧。根据上文“be a sad experience”可知，爱的人要死了是悲伤的时候。故选B。
50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我到的时候，她已经不省人事了，我知道她可能熬不过今晚了。A. worried担心的；B. disturbed焦虑的；C. unconscious无意识的；D. dizzy晕眩的。根据上文“I remember one particular family with three sisters and the fourth who was in the end-of-life stage.”以及后文提到熬不过今晚，说明病得严重不省人事了。故选C。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我到的时候，她已经不省人事了，我知道她可能熬不过今晚了。A. make使得；B. see看见；C. put放置；D. think思考。根据后文“it through the night”以及上文提到到了最后阶段，说明可能熬不过（not make it through）今晚了。故选A。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天早些时候，病人要求吃桃子，他们确保她得到了桃子。A. bible圣经；B. photos照片；C. clothing衣服；D. peaches桃子。根据后文“I’ll always remember the sweet and bitter peaches!”可知，病人要吃桃子。故选D。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：姐妹们预见到了这一点，她们感谢我，这是一次令人欣慰的经历。A. foresaw预见；B. predicted预测；C. survived幸存；D. tolerated忍受。根据上文“it through the night”提到了熬不过今晚，所以姐妹预见到了，故选A。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：姐妹们预见到了这一点，她们感谢我，这是一次令人欣慰的经历。A. relieving缓解；B. comforting令人欣慰的；C. upsetting使沮丧；D. embarrassing使尴尬。根据上文“they thanked me”可知，作者认为这是一次令人欣慰的经历。故选B。
55．考查介词词义辨析。句意：有一些令人心碎的情况，但当我们一直到最后，让事情对家人来说更容易，爱胜过黑暗。A. at在（表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置、空间）；B. in在里面；C. until直到；D. before在……之前。此处为短语until the end表示“直到最后”。故选C。
56．has survived 57．are believed 58．and 59．themselves 60．adoption 61．to create 62．featured 63．traditional 64．what 65．as
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了皮影戏的相关信息。
56．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：皮影戏是一种传统的戏剧娱乐形式，已经存在了几个世纪。根据“for centuries ”可知，本句为现在完成时，主语单数，谓语单数。故填has survived。
57．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：皮影戏的起源被认为可以追溯到古代中国，后来传播到世界其他地方。本句在陈述事实，时态用一般现在时，主语The origins of shadow play与谓语believe为被动关系，所以为一般现在的被动语态，且主语是复数，be动词应用are。故填are believed。
58．考查连词。句意：木偶的制作是一个非常复杂的过程，它要求极高的精度，是对工匠的投入和技能的考验。根据句意可知，前后谓语部分为并列关系，用and连接。故填and。
59．考查代词。句意：这些木偶本身就是艺术品。in oneself“本身”，为固定短语。故填themselves。
60．考查名词。句意：通过采用现实主义和抽象主义的方法来呈现适合于皮影表演的不同人物的品质。through为介词后接名词adoption作宾语。 故填adoption。
61．考查非谓语动词。句意：在典型的皮影戏表演中，木偶被放在屏幕后面，光线投射到屏幕上，形成讲述故事的阴影图像。句中已有谓语，空处为非谓语动词，用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to create。
62．考查非谓语动词。句意：皮影戏表演的主题和人物因文化背景的不同而有很大的不同。空处为非谓语动词，The themes and characters与feature为被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填featured。
63．考查形容词。句意：虽然传统的皮影戏通常涉及花哨的手工木偶和引人入胜的故事，但当代艺术家已经探索了新的技术，推动了皮影戏可能的界限。形容词traditional作定语，修饰名词。故填traditional。
64．考查连接词。句意：虽然传统的皮影戏通常涉及花哨的手工木偶和引人入胜的故事，但当代艺术家已经探索了新的技术，推动了皮影戏可能的界限。of后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，且结合句意可知，该主语指物，用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。
65．考查介词。句意：尽管数字娱乐兴起，皮影戏作为一种超越国界和世代的永恒传统，在世界许多地方继续作为一种宝贵的艺术形式存在。根据句意可知，表示“作为”用介词as。故填as。
66．One possible version:
More Housework, Less Pressure
Undoubtedly, participating in housework can bring numerous benefits to students. Firstly, it helps cultivate a sense of responsibility and independence. By taking care of our living environment, we learn to appreciate the efforts that it takes to maintain a clean and tidy home. Additionally, balancing academic responsibilities with household chores teaches us how to prioritize tasks and manage our time effectively.
I regularly assist my parents with tasks such as cleaning, cooking, and laundry. It allows me to develop practical life skills. Moreover, contributing to the household responsibilities reduces the burden on my parents and creates a harmonious atmosphere at home.
Let’s take the initiative to help our families and create a more harmonious living environment. Remember, by doing so, we can live a more balanced and fulfilling life.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求学生写一篇短文，参加学校英文报开展的“More Housework, Less Pressure”主题征文活动，需陈述自己对于参加家务劳动的观点，分享自己做家务劳动的经验，并向同学们发出倡议。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
许多：numerous→innumerable
培养：cultivate→develop/nurture
让某人可以做某事：allow sb. to do sth.→enable sb. to do sth.
减少：reduce→decrease
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Undoubtedly, participating in housework can bring numerous benefits to students.
拓展句：There is no doubt that participating in housework can bring numerous benefits to students.
【点睛】[高分句型1] By taking care of our living environment, we learn to appreciate the efforts that it takes to maintain a clean and tidy home. (运用了动名词作宾语，that引导限制性定语从句，不定式作真正的主语)
[高分句型2] Additionally, balancing academic responsibilities with household chores teaches us how to prioritize tasks and manage our time effectively. (运用了动名词短语balancing…作主语)
67．Months passed, and the once-thinning forest began to show signs of recovery. The trees they had planted grew stronger and taller. Samantha and Jake initiated educational programs, inviting local schools and nature enthusiasts to explore the forest and learn about its fragile ecosystem. The more people understood the significance of the forest, the more they joined the cause. The local government took conservation measures, too. One sunny afternoon after several months , tears welled up in Samantha’s eyes as she turned to Jake and said, “Look at what we’ve accomplished, Jake. Our forest is thriving once again. ”
One day, a local news station reached out to Samantha a and Jake. They were invited for an interview to share their story , the challenges they faced, and their advice for young people wanting to protect the environment. “It’s the power of unity and shared love for nature that keep us going,” Samantha said during the interview, with Jake nodding in agreement beside her. Samantha and Jake had become the heroes of their forest, proving that determination and a deep bond to nature could inspire positive change, a bond worth protecting for generations to come.
【导语】本文以 Samantha 和 Jake 保护森林为线索展开，讲述了他们从小亲近自然，目睹森林遭破坏后，受环保英雄事迹启发决定行动起来，通过组织植树活动等努力让森林逐渐恢复的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容 “几个月过去了，曾经逐渐稀疏的森林开始显示出恢复的迹象。”可知，第一段可描写森林在他们的努力下逐渐恢复生机，以及他们开展的教育项目和取得的更多成果。
②由第二段首句“有一天，当地一家新闻电视台联系上了 Samantha 和 Jake。”可知，第二段可描写他们接受采访，分享经历和感悟，以及他们最终成为森林的英雄。
2.续写线索：森林恢复——开展教育活动——政府参与——接受采访——分享故事——成为英雄
3.词汇激活
行为类
①开始显示：begin to show / start to display
②邀请：invite / extend an invitation
③点头同意：nod in agreement / give consent by nodding
情绪类
①感动得流泪：tears well up / be moved to tears
②爱：love/ fondness/affection
【点睛】[高分句型1] Samantha and Jake initiated educational programs, inviting local schools and nature enthusiasts to explore the forest and learn about its fragile ecosystem.（运用了现在分词短语作状语、动词不定式短语做目的状语）
[高分句型2] It’s the power of unity and shared love for nature that keep us going（运用了强调句结构）
