2025年高考英语一轮复习完形填空之议论文体
【要点提示】
要点1 论点 作者的观点,也就是被论证的对象。文章开头往往提出问题
要点2 论据 用来说明论点的依据,也就是理由和材料等。论据就是分析问题的过程
要点3 论证 运用论据证明论点的过程和方法,也就是解决问题的过程。论证有举例论证、引用论证、对比论证、归纳论证、演绎论证、数据论证等
【真题示例】
【典例分析】(2018·浙江6月高考)
We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it __1__ to have too much time
I __2__ back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also played a team sport.By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it __3__.
When I got into college, things __4__.I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time.Because of all this __5__ time, there was no sense of __6__ to do my school work immediately.I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a __7__.Once that happened, I just kept pushing my studying further and further back in my day.Then I got to the point where I was __8__ really late at night to get my work done.
One day I __9__ a former classmate of mine who was making a lot of money running a sideline(副业).Since his regular job was __10__, I asked him why he just didn’t do his sideline full-time.He said without the job, he would __11__ have too much time and would just do what I did back in __12__.He said that if he quit the job, he would lose his __13__ to work and succeed.
So try __14__ your time with other work.This is why there is a saying that if you want something done, ask a __15__ person to do it.
1.A.true B.fair C.strange D.possible
2.A.remember B.admit C.understand D.expect
3.A.at last B.right away C.of course D.as usual
4.A.happened B.repeated C.changed D.mattered
5.A.extra B.difficult C.valuable D.limited
6.A.duty B.achievement C.urgency D.direction
7.A.burden B.relief C.risk D.habit
8.A.hanging out B.staying up C.jogging round D.showing off
9.A.met B.helped C.treated D.hired
10.A.safe B.important C.boring D.rewarding
11.A.luckily B.hardly C.hopefully D.simply
12.A.childhood B.college C.town D.business
13.A.heart B.chance C.drive D.way
14.A.saving B.filling up C.giving up D.trading
15.A.careful B.busy C.reliable D.kind
【策略分析】
第一步 通读全文,把握主旨要义。
本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述的是当我们空闲时间太多时,我们一定要让自己忙起来,忙碌的人才会做成事情。
第二步 研读文章,把握议论文的观点和论证过程。
观点:filling up your time with other work→if you want something done, ask a busy person to do it
论证:high school, do homework right away→college, no sense of urgency,stay up late→a former classmate who was making a lot of money running a sideline→if he quit the job, he would lose his drive to work and succeed
第三步 联系文题,确定议论文考点。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
形容词 动词 介/副词 短语 动词 形容词 名词 名词 动词 短语
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 -
动词 形容词 副词 名词 名词 动词 (短语) 形容词 -
第四步 挖掘议论文观点和论证,逐题试填。
序号 位置 语境信息 答案
1 上文 more valuable than money,but __D__
2 下文 back in high school __A__
3 上文 only had a few hours to do my homework __B__
4 下文 I suddenly found myself out of class __C__
5 上文 before noon time __A__
6 下文 I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a____ __C__
7 下文 Once that happened, I just kept pushing my studying further and further back in my day __D__
8 上文 there was no sense of ________to do my school work immediately __B__
9 下文 a former classmate of mine __A__
10 上文 running a sideline __C__
11 下文 have too much time and would just do what I did back in ______ __D__
12 上文 When I got into college __B__
13 上文 have too much time and would just do what I did back in ______ __C__
14 上文 have too much time;would lose his ________to work and succeed __B__
15 上文 So try ________your time with other work. __B__
【技巧归纳】
抓住首句, 明确论点 议论文完形填空的首句一般是主旨句,作者通常在文章的首段提出总论点,然后在每段的首句提出分论点
查找论点, 方式多样 (1)开门见山式。直接提出论点,然后用正反、对比、举例等论据加以论证,最后总结全文
(2)导入式。先通过叙述生活中的一件事情或现象,然后根据事情或现象反映的问题提出论点
(3)文末式。一开始作者只是列举生活中的现象,不表明自己的观点,而是通过对具体现象的分析,最后得出结论
注重尾段, 论点照应 议论文的尾段就是结论,也是对论点的照应,不可忽视
【拓展演练】
1
“What do you want to be when you grow up ” When I was a kid, I 1 the question. Adults always seemed terribly disappointed that I wasn’t dreaming of becoming something grand or 2 , like an astronaut.
Now, as an organizational psychologist, my job is to fix other people’s jobs, and I’ve come to believe that asking youngsters that question does them 3 .
My first complaint about the question is that it 4 kids to define themselves in terms of work. If we define ourselves by our jobs, our 5 depends on what we achieve. So when you are asked what you want to be, it’s not socially 6 to say “A father” or “A mother”, let alone “A person of integrity”.
The second 7 is the implication that there is one calling (职业) out there for everyone. Research shows that 8 one leaves students feeling lost and 9 . After all, not everyone has that talent for grand jobs.
If you manage to 10 the above barriers, there is a third hurdle (难关) : careers rarely live up to your childhood 11 . In one study, looking for a(n) 12 job left college seniors feeling more anxious and less satisfied with the 13 . As Tim Urban writes, happiness is reality minus expectations. It’s clear how expectations 14 our perceived happiness. If you are looking for extreme happiness, you’re bound to be disappointed.
Asking kids what they want to be leads them to 15 a career identity they might never want to earn. Instead, invite them to think about the different things they might want to do.
1. A. considered B. feared C. explained D. recalled
2. A. average B. humble C. heroic D. romantic
3. A. harm B. good C. wrong D. honour
4. A. forces B. troubles C. commands D. forbids
5. A. status B. experience C. worth D. fame
6. A. rejected B. accurate C. confirmed D. acceptable
7. A. thought B. division C. assumption D. problem
8. A. picking up B. searching for C. praying for D. taking over
9. A. bored B. impatient C. intolerant D. confused
10. A. strengthen B. control C. build D. overcome
11. A. efforts B. struggles C. ambitions D. gains
12. A. ideal B. permanent C. ordinary D. specific
13. A. benefit B. outcome C. solution D. truth
14. A. boost B. contain C. guarantee D. affect
15. A. refuse B. claim C. keep D. ignore
2
I used to find award show speeches inspiring when celebrities encouraged people to “chase their dreams.” However, as I grew older, I 16 the toxicity (毒性) behind this notion. Pursuing our dreams is not always easy due to various 17 . For instance, I 18 to be a singer but lacked the financial means to audition for competition shows. Later, my dream 19 to becoming a manga editor, but I faced 20 like language barriers, travel costs, and difficult exams.
Though there is hope, considering many celebrities started from humble beginnings, achieving dreams remains 21 . As someone who once had ambitious aspirations, these “chase your dreams” speeches gave me 22 hope. I take issue with such celebrity speeches because they suggest that anyone can 23 whatever they desire simply by wishing for it. 24 , reality tells us otherwise. I am not trying to be 25 , but rather realistic. Growing older has taught me that some dreams are meant to stay as dreams.
Nonetheless, I am grateful that my dream of becoming a singer did not materialize. I have found other passions — writing and editing — and 26 pursued them as a career through college. I have no regrets about this path. If we do not 27 exactly where we want to be, it is alright. Life sometimes presents obstacles that 28 us from choosing our first preference for the future. Our dreams may not always be 29 , but that does not mean good things are not in store for us. Life often takes us on different paths. Do not lose hope, for you have a bright future ahead, 30 the choices you make.
16. A. worried B. changed C. realized D. controlled
17. A. barriers B. shelters C. excuses D. thoughts
18. A. failed B. agreed C. used D. desired
19. A. focused B. shifted C. continued D. happened
20. A. efforts B. challenges C. demands D. choices
21. A. straightforward B. common C. complicated D. rare
22. A. false B. true C. great D. special
23. A. confirm B. appreciate C. accomplish D. distribute
24. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Furthermore
25. A. optimistic B. pessimistic C. energetic D. enthusiastic
26. A. unexpectedly B. unavoidably C. uneventfully D. unnecessarily
27. A. come up B. turn up C. set up D. end up
28. A. save B. protect C. prevent D. guard
29. A. comfortable B. attainable C. bearable D. adjustable
30. A. instead of B. in terms of C. by means of D. regardless of
3
More people are travelling than ever before, and lower barriers to entry and falling costs means they are doing so for 31 periods.
The rise of “city breaks” 48-hour bursts of foreign cultures, easier on the pocket and annual leave balance has increased tourist numbers, but not their 32 spread. The same attractions have been used to market cities such as Paris, Barcelona and Venice for decades, and visitors use the same infrastructure (基础设施) as residents to reach them. “Too many people do the same thing at the exact same time,” says Font, an expert in tourism. “For 33 , the city no longer belongs to them.”
In response to this situation, cities have come up with various solutions. For instance, Amsterdam has started advising visitors to seek 34 outside of the city center on its official website. “That takes courage, really, to do that. But only so many people will look at the website, and it means they can say to their residents they’re doing all they can to 35 congestion.”
But it also proposes a better way, which is called “de-tourism”: sustainable travel tips and 36 schedules for exploring a real Venice, off the paths beaten by the 28 million visitors who flock there each year.
A greater variety of 37 for prospective visitors — ideas for what to do in off-peak seasons, for example, or outside of the city center — can have the effect of removing them from already crowded landmarks, or 38 short breaks away in the first place. Longer stays 39 the pressure, says Font. ‘If you go to Paris for two days, you’re going to the Eiffel Tower. If you go for two weeks, you’re not going to go to the Eiffel Tower 14 times.” Similarly, repeat visitors have a better sense of the 40 , “We should be asking how we can get tourists to 41 , not how to get them to come for the first time. If they’re coming for the fifth time, it is much easier to integrate their behaviors with ours.”
Font says cities could stand to be more 42 about the tourists they try to attract when the current metric for marketing success is how many there are, and how far they’ve come. “You’re thinking. ‘yeah but at what cost…’” He points to unpublished data from the Barcelona Tourist Board that prioritizes Japanese tourist for spending an average of 640 more per day than French tourists — a(n) 43 that fails to take into account their bigger carbon footprint. 44 tourists are also more likely to be repeat visitors that come at off-peak times, buy local products, and spread out to less crowded parts of the city — all productive steps towards more 45 tourism, and more peaceful relations with residents.
31. A. longer B. shorter C. wider D. clearer
32. A. environmental B. national C. economic D. geographic
33. A. locals B. tourists C. visitors D. cleaners
34. A. transports B. accommodation C. restaurants D. service
35. A. cause B. fuel C. transfer D. ease
36. A. separate B. individual C. alternative D. objective
37. A. reform B. guidance C. invitation D. support
38. A. convincing B. discouraging C. promoting D. enjoying
39. A. release B. enhance C. remove D. relieve
40. A. culture B. knowledge C. entertainment D. ability
41. A. go with B. bring up C. come back D. lay off
42. A. selective B. optimistic C. curious D. doubtful
43. A. distinction B. harmony C. association D. comparison
44. A. French B. Japanese C. Spanish D. German
45. A. comfortable B. complex C. temporary D. sustainable
4
David Cote, then CEO of Honeywell, shared the pros and cons of hiring a CEO with experience in the role. Experience can make directors feel more 46 at a candidate, but the question is: Does he or she have the 47 to make a difference If they don’t possess that hunger, they won’t investigate things deeply. So in many cases, experience is 48 .
Are inexperienced CEOs more likely to have hunger than others If they have no real reputation, they’ll be more likely to be driven to 49 . For example, when Cote was CEO of Honeywell, some leaders said to him they didn’t know if the company could be 50 —and that even if it could be, they weren’t sure whether he was the 51 to do it because he was not their first choice. Those comments just 52 his hunger. He decided to impress them.
Does the finding that previous CEO experience can hurt a person’s performance 53 you An experienced CEO might say, “I am 54 in this work, so I know how to settle it.” Rushing to conclusions tends to 55 an experienced CEO to all facts and opinions. People will 56 act according to their own experience, which is an instinct (天性). So sometimes experience can be a(n) 57 .
Rather than a fundamentally necessary factor for a CEO, 58 is simply the icing (糖霜) on the cake. The hunger 59 it. Nobody knows the future. It’s more important to hire somebody eager to 60 things, regardless of their experience.
46. A. annoyed B. generous C. concerned D. relieved
47. A. knowledge B. desire C. doubt D. opinion
48. A. overrated B. offered C. broadened D. ignored
49. A. succeed B. adapt C. quit D. resist
50. A. taken in B. looked into C. given up D. turned around
51. A. settler B. talent C. reporter D. maintainer
52. A. balanced B. controlled C. increased D. spoiled
53. A. shame B. shape C. serve D. shock
54. A. expert B. disappointed C. honest D. engaged
55. A. accustom B. blind C. expose D. attach
56. A. effectively B. unwillingly C. unconsciously D. cautiously
57. A. disadvantage B. reminder C. alternative D. privilege
58. A. openness B. honesty C. experience D. leadership
59. A. limits B. outweighs C. follows D. defines
60. A. bring about B. turn to C. make up D. figure out
5
If doctors lie, it is surely inexcusable. One of the basic 61 the public have of doctors is honesty. But what would you think if I told you that research has shown that 70 percent of doctors 62 to lying to their patients
Mrs. Walton was in her eighties and 63 to see her husband. “He’s on his way, don’t worry,” I said this to calm her down. But it was a lie. He died two years ago. The truth is that it is a 64 to lie sometimes.
Mrs. Walton is one of the dementia (痴呆) sufferers, who lose their memory of 65 events, but hold memories from the distant past. Many of them realize that the past bears little 66 to the present, but are at a loss to explain. They often feel scared that they are 67 by strange people, even when they are with their family. They look at their adult children 68 and wonder who they could be.
I have countless families not knowing how to react as their loved one moves back into distant past and they are 69 in the present. And how, as a doctor, does one manage sufferings that come with having no 70 of these patients’ life for the past ten or 20 years Maybe he can tell them lies that are not big and elaborate — they are 71 comforts intended to calm and allow the subject to be swiftly changed.
72 with them about this false reality is not unprofessional — it is actually kind. That’s not to say that lying to patients with dementia 73 is right. But what kind-hearted person would put another human being through the unimaginable pain of learning, 74 again and again, that they have lost their beloved ones. It would be an unthinkable cruelness.
Sometimes honesty is 75 not the best policy.
61. A. expressions B. expectations C. reputations D. regulations
62. A. objected B. contributed C. admitted D. appealed
63. A. ashamed B. delighted C. nervous D. desperate
64. A. cruelty B. kindness C. pain D. pleasure
65. A. recent B. popular C. distant D. major
66. A. opposition B. connection C. attention D. similarity
67. A. attacked B. isolated C. surrounded D. attracted
68. A. puzzled B. satisfied C. amused D. motivated
69. A. cut off B. thrown away C. put down D. left behind
70. A. knowledge B. control C. imagination D. record
71. A. brief B. constant C. permanent D. secret
72. A. Competing B. Plotting C. Matching D. Mixing
73. A. unnecessarily B. inaccurately C. impatiently D. impolitely
74. A. ahead of time B. in no time C. for the last time D. for the first time
75. A. mostly B. informally C. simply D. finally
6
If you want to stand out, 10,000 hours of training will take you much further than your natural abilities. Mozart is considered by many as the greatest composer who ever lived. Traditionally, many people 76 outstanding achievements like Mozart’s are due to talent, or even inborn inspiration or 77 .
This assumption holds especially true for child prodigies (神童) like Mozart whose music talent 78 the world at the age of six. But looking more 79 at this phenomenon, we find that these individuals actually had to practice countless hours before showing their 80 remarkable talent. In fact, scientists indicate that a prodigy’s training typically 81 at a very early age, with massive time invested in practice.
For example, when the six-year-old Mozart toured Europe to 82 his brilliant piano skills, he had already 83 3,500 hours of musical training. If you compare this to other pianists who have practiced for as long, Mozart’s 84 wasn’t all that exceptional. It seems that outstanding abilities come from intensive strict practice 85 natural talents. A study shows the only factor directly 86 the students’ level of achievement was the amount of serious practice time: the most 87 performers had practiced for an average of 10,000 hours, while the least skilled had only 4,000 hours of practice. What’s even more revealing is that there were no 88 : All of the top performers had 89 great efforts to their practice. It seems that no extraordinary talent can 90 without tough practice.
76. A. admit B. assume C. realize D. hope
77. A. motivation B. progress C. fate D. determination
78. A. amazed B. excited C. questioned D. scared
79. A. slowly B. hurriedly C. widely D. closely
80. A. old-fashioned B. so-called C. well-organized D. newly-discovered
81. A. begins B. exists C. ends D. grows
82. A. polish B. spread C. display D. broadcast
83. A. exchanged B. accelerated C. undergone D. missed
84. A. achievement B. ambition C. exploration D. experience
85. A. other than B. rather than C. as well as D. in case of
86. A. putting forward B. adjusted to C. bringing up D. involved in
87. A. aggressive B. ordinary C. energetic D. gifted
88. A. limitations B. principles C. exceptions D. evidences
89. A. devoted B. adapted C. saved D. reduced
90. A. perform B. escape C. suffer D. shine
参考答案
1
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。询问孩子长大之后想成为什么对孩子有害。文章论述了三方面的害处。作者建议，邀请孩子想想他们可能想做的其他事情。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我是个孩子时，我害怕这个问题。A. considered考虑；B. feared害怕；C. explained解释；D. recalled回想起。根据下文中的“Adults always seemed terribly disappointed that I wasn’t dreaming of becoming something grand or 2 , like an astronaut.”可知，成年人对作者的回答总是感到失望。所以作者很害怕被问到这个问题。他的回答让成年人不满意。故选B。
2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大人们似乎总是非常失望，因为我没有梦想成为伟大或英雄的人物，比如宇航员。A. average平均的；B. humble谦虚的；C. heroic英雄的；D. romantic浪漫的。根据下文中的“like an astronaut”可知，宇航员属于伟大的或英雄般的人物。故选C。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，现在，作为一名组织心理学家，我的工作是修复其他人的工作，我开始相信，向年轻人提出这个问题对他们有害。A. harm伤害；B. good益处；C. wrong坏事；D. honor荣誉。根据下文中的“My first complaint about the question”可知，作者对这个问题心存抱怨。由此推知，这个问题对孩子们来说并不好，对他们会造成伤害。故选A。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对这个问题的第一个抱怨是，它迫使孩子们用工作来定义自己。A. forces迫使；B. troubles使烦恼；C. commands命令；D. forbids禁止。结和上一题的解析和空前的“My first complaint about the question”可知，这个问题对孩子们有害。当问孩子们长大之后的梦想的时候，孩子们就被迫从工作角度来定义自己。故选A。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们用工作来定义自己，那么我们的价值就取决于我们的成就。A. status地位；B. experience经历，经验；C. worth价值；D. fame名声。根据上文“If we define ourselves by our jobs”可以推知，如果我们用工作来定义自己，那么，我们在工作中取得的成就决定了我们个人价值。工作好，成就高，个人价值就高。反之，工作不好，成就低，个人价值就低。故选C。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以当你被问到你想成为什么样的人时，说“一个父亲”或“一个母亲”是不被社会接受的，更不用说“一个正直的人”了。A. rejected被拒绝的；B. accurate精确的；C. confirmed坚定的，被证实的；D. acceptable可接受的。根据上文“it 4 kids to define themselves in terms of work. If we define ourselves by our jobs, our 5 depends on what we achieve.”可知，当用工作来定义一个人的时候，个人价值取决于个人成就。所以，诸如“成为一个父亲”、“成为一个母亲”、或“成为一个正直的人”这样和工作毫无关系的回答显然是不符合期望，不被接受的。故选D。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二个问题是，这暗示着每个人都有一个使命。A. thought想法，思想；B. division除法，分配；C. assumption假设，认为；D. problem问题。结合上文中的“My first complaint about the question”和下文中的“If you manage to 10 the above barriers, there is a third hurdle”可知，第二、三、四段探讨的都是问孩子长大后要成为什么人产生的害处。因此，该空应该选择一个贬义词，表示询问孩子这个问题产生的问题或害处。故选D。
8. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：研究表明，寻找一个使命让学生感到迷失和困惑。A. picking up捡起；B. searching for寻找，搜寻；C. praying for祈求，恳求；D. taking over接管。根据下文中的“not everyone has that talent for grand jobs”可知，对伟大使命的寻求会让学生感到迷惑。故选B。
9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，寻找一个使命让学生感到迷失和困惑。A. bored厌烦的；B. impatient不耐烦的；C. intolerant无法忍受的；D. confused困惑的。该空和lost并列，意思应该和lost接近。结合上题解析，可知，对伟大使命的寻求让学生迷失和困惑。故选D。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你成功克服了上述障碍，还有第三个障碍：职业生涯很少能达到你童年时的理想。A. strengthen增强；B. control控制；C. build建造；D. overcome克服。根据空前的“manage to”和后面的“there is a third hurdle”可知，该处应该指即使你可以克服前面提到的两个障碍，还有一个障碍你无法克服。故选D。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你成功克服了上述障碍，还有第三个障碍：职业生涯很少能达到你童年时的理想。A. efforts努力；B. struggles奋斗，难事；C. ambitions野心，雄心；D. gains收益。根据前文提到的问题“What do you want to be when you grow up ”可知，孩子们小时候经常被问到自己长大后的理想。但是长大之后做的职业很难实现童年地理想，即童年的雄心壮志。故选C。
12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一项研究中，寻找一份理想的工作让大四学生对这个结果感到更加焦虑和不太满意。 A. ideal理想的；B. permanent永久的；C. ordinary普通的； D. specific特定的，明确的。根据后面的“left college seniors feeling more anxious and less satisfied”可知，大四学生都想找一份理想的工作。但是找理想的工作不容易，所以他们焦虑，不满意。故选A。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一项研究中，寻找一份理想的工作让大四学生对这个结果感到更加焦虑和不太满意。A. benefit益处，好处；B. outcome结果；C. solution解决办法； D. truth真相，事实。根据前文的“careers rarely live up to your childhood 11 ”可知，大四学生找不到理想工作，无法实现童年的梦想，学生们对这样的结果感到焦虑，不满意。故选B。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：很明显，期望会影响我们的幸福感。A. boost推动，使增长；B. contain包含，抑制；C. guarantee保证，确保；D. affect影响。根据上文中的“happiness is reality minus expectations”可知，现实总是和期望有差距的。因此，期望值过高，实现不了，就会影响幸福感。故选D。
15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：问孩子他们想成为什么，会让他们获得一种他们可能永远都不想获得的职业身份。A. refuse拒绝；B. claim获得，声称，索要；C. keep保持；D. ignore忽略，忽视。上文介绍了问“孩子他们想成为什么”这个问题所产生的的三方面的危害。由此推知，问孩子这个问题会导致孩子获得一种他们可能永远都不想获得的职业身份。该空和后面的earn一致。故选B。
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16. C 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. B 21. D 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了作者随着年龄的增长，意识到名人演讲传递了错误的思想，暗示任何人都可以实现他们想要的，只要有愿望。
16. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着年龄的增长，我意识到这种观念背后的害处。A. worried担心；B. changed改变；C. realized意识到；D. controlled控制。根据上文“I used to find award show speeches inspiring when celebrities encouraged people to “chase their dreams.”(我曾经发现，当名人鼓励人们“追逐梦想”时，颁奖典礼上的演讲很鼓舞人心)”以及后文“the toxicity behind this notion”指作者开始意识到这种观念背后的害处。故选C。
17. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于各种各样的障碍，追求我们的梦想并不总是容易的。A. barriers障碍；B. shelters避难所；C. excuses借口；D. thoughts想法。根据上文“Pursuing our dreams is not always easy”可知，追求梦想不容易是因为各种障碍的原因。故选A。
18. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，我想成为一名歌手，但缺乏经济手段来试镜比赛节目。A. failed失败；B. agreed同意；C. used使用；D. desired渴望。根据上文“Pursuing our dreams”以及后文“to be a singer but lacked the financial means to audition for competition shows”指作者想要成为歌手，但是缺乏经济手段来试镜比赛节目。故选D。
19. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，我的梦想变成了成为一名漫画编辑，但我面临着语言障碍、旅行费用和难考等挑战。A. focused集中；B. shifted转换，变成；C. continued继续；D. happened发生。根据后文“to becoming a manga editor”指作者成为歌手的梦想，变成了成为漫画编辑。故选B。
20. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，我的梦想变成了成为一名漫画编辑，但我面临着语言障碍、旅行费用和难考等挑战。A. efforts努力；B. challenges挑战；C. demands要求；D. choices选择。后文“like language barriers, travel costs, and difficult exams”语言障碍、旅行费用和难考是作者面临的挑战。故选B。
21. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管有希望，但考虑到许多名人都是白手起家的，实现梦想的人仍然很少。A. straightforward直接的；B. common共同的；C. complicated复杂的；D. rare少有的。根据上文“Though there is hope”中though表示转折，说明尽管有希望，但考虑到许多名人都是白手起家的，实现梦想的人仍然很少。故选D。
22. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个曾经雄心勃勃的人，这些“追逐你的梦想”的演讲给了我虚假的希望。A. false虚假的；B. true真的；C. great伟大的；D. special特别的。上文提到实现梦想的人仍然很少，所以此处指演讲给了作者虚假的希望，故选A。
23. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我反对这样的名人演讲，因为他们暗示任何人都可以实现他们想要的，只要有愿望。A. confirm确认；B. appreciate感激；C. accomplish实现；D. distribute分配。根据后文“whatever they desire simply by wishing for it”指名人演讲暗示任何人都可以实现他们想要的，只要有愿望。故选C。
24. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，现实告诉我们并非如此。A. Therefore因此；B. Moreover此外；C. However然而；D. Furthermore此外。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用however。故选C。
25. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不是要悲观，而是要现实一点。A. optimistic乐观的；B. pessimistic消极的；C. energetic精力充沛的；D. enthusiastic热情的。根据后文“but rather realistic”可知，作者这么说是出于现实，而不是悲观。故选B。
26. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我还发现了其他的爱好——写作和编辑——并出人意料地在大学里把它们作为职业来追求。A. unexpectedly意外地；B. unavoidably不可避免地；C. uneventfully太平无事地；D. unnecessarily不必要地。根据后文“pursued them as a career through college”可知，指作者把写作和编辑意外作为职业追求。故选A。
27. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果我们没有完全到达我们想要到达的地方，那也没关系。A. come up接近；B. turn up出现；C. set up建立；D. end up结束。根据后文“exactly where we want to be, it is alright”可知，此处指道路最后没能让作者最终到达想要到达的地方，故选D。
28. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：生活有时会出现障碍，阻止我们为未来选择第一偏好。A. save挽救；B. protect保护；C. prevent阻止；D. guard守卫。根据上文“Life sometimes presents obstacles”指障碍会阻止人们为未来选择第一偏好。故选C。
29. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的梦想可能并不总是可以实现的，但这并不意味着好事不在等着我们。A. comfortable舒服的；B. attainable可获得的；C. bearable可忍受的；D. adjustable可调节的。根据后文“but that does not mean good things are not in store for us”中but表示转折，说明梦想并不总是可以实现的，但这并不意味着好事不在等着我们。故选B。
30. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：不要失去希望，因为不管你做出什么样的选择，你都有一个光明的未来。A. instead of而不是；B. in terms of就……而言；C. by means of通过；D. regardless of不管。根据上文“for you have a bright future ahead”以及后文“the choices you make”指不管做出什么样的选择，你都有一个光明的未来。故选D。
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31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. D 36. C 37. B 38. B 39. D 40. A 41. C 42. A 43. D 44. A 45. D
【解析】本文属于议论文。旅游的发展，虽然促进了当地的经济发展，但从另外一个方面影响到了当地居民的生活以及各种基础设施，如何保证旅游业的长久发展是摆在人们面前的一大问题。
31. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：更多的人旅游的更频繁，因为去一个国家的障碍更少，费用更低，这就意味着游客在一个地方旅游的时间越来越短。A. longer更长的；B. shorter更短的；C. wider更宽的；D. clearer更干净的。根据下文“The rise of “city breaks” 48-hour bursts of foreign cultures”推知，人们在一个景点呆的时间越来越短，故选B。
32. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：城市短修的兴起，48小时异域文化爆发式体验旅游，对钱包和年度休假余额构成的压力相对比较轻松，这些都导致游客人数上涨，但是游客目的地地理范围没有相应的扩展。A. environmental环境的；B. national国家的；C. economic经济的；D. geographic地理的。根据下文“The same attractions have been used to market cities such as Paris, Barcelona and Venice for decades, and visitors use the same infrastructure ( 基础设施 ) as residents to reach them. ”可知，游客目的地地理范围没有相应的扩展，还是是那些同样的地方旅行。故选D。
33. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于当地人来说，城市已经不属于他们了。A. locals当地人；B. tourists游客；C. visitors参观者；D. cleaners清洁工。根据上文“ visitors use the same infrastructure (基础设施) as residents to reach them.”可知，游客和居民使用同样的基础设施，这导致当地人觉得城市不属于自己了，故选A。
34. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，阿姆斯特丹已经开始建议游客在其官方网站上寻找市中心以外的住宿。A. transports交通；B. accommodation住宿；C. restaurants餐厅；D. service服务。根据后文“outside of the city center on its official website”可知，此处指阿姆斯特丹已经开始建议游客在其官方网站上寻找市中心以外的住宿。故选B。
35. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是也只有这样，人们才会去官网上查看（市中心之外的住宿），这意味着阿姆斯特丹的官员们可以说他们已经在尽力缓解交通堵塞。A. cause造成；B. fuel刺激；C. transfer转移；D. ease缓解。根据宾语congestion并结合上文“Too many people do the same thing at the exact same time”可知，此处指缓解交通拥堵。故选D。
36. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但它也提出了一种更好的方式，被称为“错峰旅游”：他们给游客提供有关可持续旅游（对环境不造成严重负担和破坏的旅游）的建议，以及探索一个真正的威尼斯的另类旅游路线，并远离那些每年蜂拥而至的2800万游客踩踏过的道路。A. separate分开的；B. individual个人的；C. alternative可替代性的；D. objective客观的。根据本句“off the paths beaten by the 28 million visitors who flock there each year”可知，为游客提供一些人少的路线，即可供替代的选择。故选C。
37. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为潜在的游客提供更多种类的指导——例如，在淡季或市中心以外的地方做些什么——可以使他们远离已经拥挤的地标，或者从一开始就不鼓励短暂的休息。A. reform改革；B. guidance指导；C. invitation邀请；D. support支持。根据后文“ideas for what to do in off-peak seasons, for example, or outside of the city center”可知，本段讲述对游客进行指导，实现游客分流，故选B。
38. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为潜在的游客提供更多种类的指导——例如，在淡季或市中心以外的地方做些什么——可以使他们远离已经拥挤的地标，或者从一开始就不鼓励短暂的休息。A. convincing说服；B. discouraging打消积极性；C. promoting促进；D. enjoying欣赏。本段讲述对游客进行指导，实现游客分流，合理规划自己的旅行计划，由此推知，此处指从一开始就不鼓励短暂的休息。故选B。
39. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一个地方逗留时间更长能够缓解一定的压力。A. release释放；B. enhance加强；C. remove去除；D. relieve缓解。根据后文“If you go to Paris for two days, you’re going to the Eiffel Tower. If you go for two weeks, you’re not going to go to the Eiffel Tower 14 times.(如果你去巴黎两天，你会去埃菲尔铁塔。如果你去两周，你不会去埃菲尔铁塔14次)”可知，在一个地方逗留时间更长能够缓解当地的压力，故选D。
40. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：再次去的游客有更好的文化意识，我应该考虑怎样让游客再来这个地方旅游，而不是来第一次就不来了。A. culture文化；B. knowledge知识；C. entertainment娱乐；D. ability能力。根据后文“If they’re coming for the fifth time, it is much easier to integrate their behavior with ours.(如果他们是第五次来，就更容易把他们的行为和我们的行为结合起来)”可知，多次去同一个地方旅游的游客能够更好地融入当地的文化，故选A。
41. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我应该考虑怎样让游客再来这个地方旅游，而不是来第一次就不来了。A. go with与……一起去；B. bring up抚养；C. come back回来；D. lay off解雇。根据后文“not how to get them to come for the first time”推知，应该考虑怎样让游客来了还想来，故选C。
42. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：丰特说，当目前衡量营销成功的标准是有多少游客，以及他们已经走了多远的时候，城市可以对他们试图吸引的游客更有选择性。A. selective认真挑选的，严格筛选的；B. optimistic乐观的；C. curious好奇的；D. doubtful怀疑的。根据后文“about the tourists they try to attract”指城市可以对他们试图吸引的游客更有选择性。故选A。
43. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他提及巴萨罗那旅游管理局尚未公布的数据，这些数据（显示）日本游客被优先考虑，因为他们平均每人每天消费比法国人要多处640欧元。但是，这个比较并未能考虑日本游客更大的碳足迹。A. distinction区分；B. harmony和谐；C. association联系；D. comparison对比。根据“Japanese tourist for spending an average of 640 more per day than French tourists”可知，把日本游客与法国游客进行对比，故选D。
44. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：而且，法国游客也更可能成为错峰时段的回访者，购买本地的产品，并且分散到城市里不那么拥挤的地方，这些都是建设性的措施，能使得旅游更可持续，游客与本地居民的关系更平和。A. French法国人；B. Japanese日本人；C. Spanish西班牙人；D. German德国人。根据上文“prioritizes Japanese tourist for spending an average of 640 more per day than French tourists”可知，尽管日本游客花钱更多，但是法国游客更有可能再次去，故选A。
45. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而且，法国游客也更可能成为错峰时段的回访者，购买本地的产品，并且分散到城市里不那么拥挤的地方，这些都是建设性的措施，能使得旅游更可持续，游客与本地居民的关系更平和。A. comfortable舒服的；B. complex复杂的；C. temporary临时的；D. sustainable可持续的。根据上文“come at off-peak times, buy local products, and spread out to less crowded parts of the city”可知，法国人的旅游方式属于持续性旅游发展，故选D。
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46. D 47. B 48. A 49. A 50. D 51. B 52. C 53. D 54. A 55. B 56. C 57. A 58. C 59. B 60. A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨的是关于CEO经验对公司的影响，相较于CEO的经验，渴望成功的愿望更为重要。
46. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经验可以让董事对候选人更放心，但问题是：他或她是否有改变现状的愿望？A. annoyed生气的；B. generous慷慨的；C. concerned担心的；D. relieved放心的。根据上文的“David Cote, then CEO of Honeywell, shared the pros and cons of hiring a CEO with experience in the role. ”可知，具有职位经验对于首席执行官从事相应工作有利又有弊，则空格所在句讲述的是“好处”，即经验可以让董事对候选人更放心。故选D项。
47. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：经验可以让董事对候选人更放心，但问题是：他或她是否有改变现状的愿望？A. knowledge知识；B. desire愿望；C. doubt怀疑；D. opinion观点。根据下文的“If they don’t possess that hunger, they won’t investigate things deeply. ”可知，如果他们没有这种愿望，他们就不会深入研究事物。此处需要填入hunger的同义词，表示“愿望”。故选B项。
48. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以在很多情况下，经验被高估了。A. overrated高估；B. offered提供； C. broadened拓宽；D. ignored忽视。根据上文的“If they don’t possess that hunger, they won’t investigate things deeply. ”可知，如果他们没有这种愿望，他们就不会深入研究事物，因此在很多情况下，具有某一职位的经验的作用被高估了。故选A项。
49. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果他们没有真正的声誉，他们将更有可能被驱使去成功。A. succeed 成功；B. adapt使适应；C. quit放弃；D. resist抵制。根据下文的“He decided to impress them.”可知，他决定给他们留下深刻印象，因此在没有真正的声誉的时候，他们将更有可能被驱使去取得成功，第一段中的“make a difference”也是提示词。故选A项。
50. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：例如，当Cote担任Honeywell的首席执行官时，一些领导人对他说，他们不知道公司能否扭转颓势——即使可以扭转颓势，他们也不确定他是否有能力扭转颓势，因为他不是他们的首选。A. taken in吸收，欺骗；B. looked into调查；C. given up放弃；D. turned around(使)转身，(使)好转。根据下文的“because he was not their first choice”可知，一些领导者不知道公司能否被他扭转颓势，从而变好。故选D项。
51. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，当Cote担任Honeywell的首席执行官时，一些领导人对他说，他们不知道公司能否扭转颓势——即使可以扭转颓势，他们也不确定他是否有能力扭转颓势，因为他不是他们的首选。A. settler 定居者；B. talent有才能的人；C. reporter记者；D. maintainer维修者。根据“because he was not their first choice”可知，一些领导者认为他不是他们的首选，因此不确定他是不是那个有能力扭转颓势的人。故选B项。
52. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些评论只会增加他的渴望。A. balanced 平衡；B. controlled控制；C. increased增加；D. spoiled破坏，宠坏。根据下文的“He decided to impress them.”可知，他决定给他们留下深刻印象，因此那些评论增加了他对成功的渴望。故选C项。
53. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：以前做CEO的经验会对一个人的表现有不良影响，这一发现是否让你感到震惊？A. shame使害羞；B. shape塑造；C. serve服务；D. shock震惊。根据上文的“Experience can make directors feel more...at a candidate”可知，经验可以让董事对候选人更放心，因此传统观点认为经验是好东西，而作为对比，此处提出了一个问题，即以前的经验会对一个人的表现产生不良影响，这会让人感到震惊吗？故选D项。
54. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一位有经验的CEO可能会说：“我做这项工作是有经验的，所以我知道如何解决它。”A. expert有经验的；B. disappointed失望的；C. honest真诚的；D. engaged被占用的。根据“so I know how to settle it.”可知，有经验的CEO可能会认为他（她）做这项工作是有经验的。故选A项。
55. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：急于下结论往往会使一位经验丰富的首席执行官对所有事实和观点失去判断力。A. accustom使习惯；B. blind使失明，使失去判断力；C. expose揭露，使面临；D. attach系，贴。根据上文的“previous CEO experience can hurt a person’s performance”可知，以前做CEO的经验会对一个人的表现有不良影响，因此急于下结论往往会使一位经验丰富的首席执行官失去判断力。故选B项。
56. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：人们会不自觉地根据自己的经验行事，这是一种天性。A. effectively有效地；B. unwillingly不情愿地；C. unconsciously无意识地；D. cautiously小心地。根据“which is an instinct”可知，人们会无意识地根据自己的经验行事。故选C项。
57. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以有时候经验是不利的。A. disadvantage劣势；B. reminder提醒；C. alternative选择；D. privilege特权。根据“Rushing to conclusions tends to...an experienced CEO to all facts and opinions.”可知，急于下结论往往会使一位经验丰富的首席执行官对所有事实和观点失去判断力，所以有时候经验可能是一个劣势。故选A项。
58. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于CEO来说，经验并不是根本的必要因素，而是锦上添花。A. openness开明；B. honesty真诚；C. experience经验；D. leadership领导。根据上文的“So sometimes experience can be a(n)...”可知，有时候经验可能是一个劣势，因此对于CEO来说，经验并不是根本的必要因素，而是锦上添花的。故选C项。
59. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：愿望压倒了它。A. limits限制；B. outweighs胜过，超过； C. follows跟随；D. defines下定义。根据上文的“Rather than a fundamentally necessary factor for a CEO,...is simply the icing on the cake. ”可知，对于CEO来说，经验并不是根本的必要因素，而是锦上添花，因此为做好CEO，成功的愿望需要胜过经验。故选B项。
60. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：更重要的是，雇佣那些渴望有所作为的人，而不管他们的经验如何。A. bring about导致，带来； B. turn to转向，求助于； C. make up构成，编造； D. figure out弄清楚。根据上文的“The hunger...it.”可知，愿望胜过经验，因此更重要的是，雇佣那些渴望有所作为的人，而不管他们的经验如何，“bring about things”意为“让事情发生或产生结果”，与句子语境相符。故选A项。
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61. B 62. C 63. D 64. B 65. A 66. B 67. C 68. A 69. D 70. A 71. A 72. B 73. A 74. D 75. C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了医生在面对痴呆患者时是否应该说谎的问题。作者指出，尽管医生对患者撒谎可能违背诚实原则，但在某些情况下，为了减轻病人的痛苦，适当的谎言是必要的。
61. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：公众对医生的基本期望之一是诚实。A. expressions表达；B. expectations期望；C. reputations名声；D. regulations规定。根据上文“If doctors lie, it is surely inexcusable.”和下文“the public have of doctors is honesty”可知，医生撒谎是不可原谅的，所以公众对医生的基本期望之一是诚实。故选B。
62. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但如果我告诉你，研究表明70%的医生承认对病人撒谎，你会怎么想？ A. objected反对；B. contributed贡献；C. admitted承认；D. appealed吸引。根据转折连词“But”和下文“Mrs. Walton was in her eighties and 3 to see her husband. “He’s on his way, don’t worry,” I said this to calm her down. But it was a lie. He died two years ago. The truth is that it is a 4 to lie sometimes.”可推知，公众的期望与现实并不一致，很多医生都承认对病人撒过谎，作者在后文也承认自己对病人说谎。故选C。
63. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：沃尔顿夫人八十多岁了，非常想见她的丈夫。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. delighted高兴的；C. nervous紧张的；D. desperate渴望的。根据下文“He’s on his way, don’t worry”可知，作者不得不对沃尔顿夫人说谎，可推测出说谎的原因是她非常想见她的丈夫。故选D。
64. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，有时说谎是一种善行。A. cruelty残忍；B. kindness善行；C. pain疼痛；D. pleasure高兴。根据上文““He’s on his way, don’t worry,” I said this to calm her down. But it was a lie. He died two years ago.”可知，沃尔顿夫人的丈夫已经去世两年了，所以作者说她丈夫正在来的路上是一种善意的撒谎，是一种善行。故选B。
65. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：沃尔顿夫人是一名痴呆症患者，她对最近发生的事情失去了记忆，但对遥远的过去却有记忆。A. recent最近的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. distant遥远的；D. major主要的。根据连词“but”可知，上下文之间是转折关系。下文“but hold memories from the distant past”说痴呆症患者保留了对遥远过去的记忆，上文说他们失去了短期和对近期事件的记忆，构成转折关系。故选A。
66. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们中的许多人意识到过去与现在没有什么联系，但却无法解释。A. opposition反对；B. connection连接，联系；C. attention注意力；D. similarity相似。根据下文“They often feel scared that they are 7 by strange people, even when they are with their family. They look at their adult children 8 and wonder who they could be.”可知，痴呆症患者即使和家人在一起，也不知道这些人是谁。他们无法把过去和现在联系起来。故选B。
67. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们经常害怕被陌生人包围，即使他们和家人在一起。A. attacked攻击；B. isolated隔离；C. surrounded包围；D. attracted吸引。根据下文“by strange people, even when they are with their family”可推知，痴呆症患者害怕被陌生的人包围，即使他们和家人在一起，因为他们不认识自己的家人了，把他们也看成陌生人。故选C。
68. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们困惑地看着自己的成年子女，想知道他们会是谁。A. puzzled困惑的；B. satisfied满意的；C. amused娱乐的；D. motivated有动机的。根据下文“and wonder who they could be”可知，痴呆症患者的记忆被困在了过去，那时他们的孩子们还很小，所以不认识现在身边的成年子女，会感到困惑。故选A。
69. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我看过无数的家庭，当他们的亲人回到遥远的过去，而他们被留在了现在，他们不知道该如何反应。A. cut off切断；B. thrown away扔掉；C. put down放下；D. left behind被留下。根据上文“their loved one moves back into distant past”可知，痴呆症患者的记忆回到他们遥远的过去，而他们被留在了现在，所以周围没有熟悉的人。故选D。
70. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名医生，在过去的10年或20年里，由于对这些病人的生活一无所知，他该如何应对这些痛苦呢？A. knowledge知悉，了解；B. control控制；C. imagination想象；D. record记录。根据下文“of these patients’ life for the past ten or 20 years”可知，痴呆症患者的记忆回到他们的过去，而照顾这些病人的医生或护士不知道他们过去的生活。have no knowledge of“不知道”。故选A。
71. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许他可以对他们撒一些不太大也不太复杂的谎——这些谎是为了让他们平静下来，让话题迅速转移的简短安慰。A. brief短暂的；B. constant持续的；C. permanent永恒的；D. secret秘密的。根据上文“Maybe he can tell them lies that are not big and elaborate”和后文“comforts intended to calm and allow the subject to be swiftly changed”可知，这些谎言只是短暂的安慰，旨在安抚和让话题迅速转移。故选A。
72. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：和他们一起策划这个虚假的现实并不是不专业——实际上是一种善意。A. Competing比赛；B. Plotting谋划，策划；C. Matching匹配；D. Mixing混合。根据上文“Maybe he can tell them lies that are not big and elaborate”可知，作者认为医生、护士和家属对这些病人说的谎言只是短暂的安慰，旨在安抚和让话题迅速转移，所以大家一起策划了这些谎言，且是善意的行为。故选B。
73. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这并不是说对痴呆症患者不必要的撒谎是正确的。A. unnecessarily没有必要地；B. inaccurately不准确地；C. impatiently没有耐心地；D. impolitely不礼貌地。根据上文“12 with them about this false reality is not unprofessional —it is actually kind”可知，医生、护士和家属是谎言是善意的安抚，但这并不是说对痴呆症患者不必要的撒谎是正确的，必须是善意的安抚、避免痴呆症患者过于痛苦的谎言才是可以被接受的。故选A。
74. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：但是，有哪个善良的人会让另一个人一次又一次地经历失去亲人的难以想象的痛苦呢？A. ahead of time提前；B. in no time立刻；C. for the last time最后一次；D. for the first time第一次。结合后文“again and again, that they have lost their beloved ones”和常识可知，痴呆症患者会不断忘记现在的事情，所以如果告知沃尔顿夫人真相，就相当于让她一次又一次经历失去了亲人的痛苦，所以每一次知道真相对她来说都是“第一次”。“for the first time again and again”是指痴呆患者无数次地重新体验失去亲人的痛苦，仿佛每次都是第一次经历一样。故选D。
75. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：有时候，诚实的确不是上策。A. mostly大多数地；B. informally非正式地；C. simply的确；D. finally最后。根据上文“But what kind-hearted person would put another human being through the unimaginable pain of learning, 14 again and again, that they have lost their beloved ones. It would be an unthinkable cruelness.”可知，尽管医生对患者撒谎可能违背诚实原则，但在某些情况下，为了减轻病人的痛苦，适当的谎言是必要的。所以文章最后说有时候，诚实的确不是上策。故选C。
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76. B 77. C 78. A 79. D 80. B 81. A 82. C 83. C 84. A 85. B 86. D 87. D 88. C 89. A 90. D
【解析】本文是议论文。文章主要通过讨论和分析莫扎特等天才的例子，来论证一个观点，即出色的能力并非仅来源于天赋，而是需要大量的严格练习。
76. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：传统上，许多人认为像莫扎特这样的杰出成就是由于天赋，甚至是天生的灵感或命运。A. admit承认；B. assume认为；C. realize认识到；D. hope希望。根据前文“Mozart is considered by many as the greatest composer who ever lived.”可知，莫扎特被许多人认为是有史以来最伟大的作曲家，所以许多人认为像莫扎特这样的杰出成就是由于天赋。故选B项。
77. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：传统上，许多人认为像莫扎特这样的杰出成就是由于天赋，甚至是天生的灵感或命运。A. motivation动机；B. progress进展；C. fate命运；D. determination决心。根据前文“due to talent, or even inborn inspiration or”可知，空处和talent以及inborn inspiration并列，结合选项，应是“fate命运”符合语境。故选C项。
78. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种假设对于像莫扎特这样的神童来说尤其正确，他的音乐天赋在6岁时就让世界惊叹不已。A. amazed使惊奇；B. excited使兴奋；C. questioned质询；D. scared使害怕。根据后文“the world at the age of six.”可知，6岁展现的天赋应是让世界惊叹不已。故选A项。
79. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但仔细观察这一现象，我们发现这些人实际上必须练习无数个小时才能展示他们所谓的非凡才能。A. slowly缓慢地；B. hurriedly匆匆忙忙地；C. widely广泛地；D. closely紧密地。根据后文“we find that these individuals actually had to practice countless hours before showing their 5 remarkable talent.”可知，发现了一个结论，应是仔细观察这一现象才可以得出。故选D项。
80. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但仔细观察这一现象，我们发现这些人实际上必须练习无数个小时才能展示他们所谓的非凡才能。A. old-fashioned过时的；B. so-called所谓的；C. well-organized有序的；D. newly-discovered新发现的。根据主语“these individuals”可知，这些人指的是前文提到的神童，所以应是他们“所谓的非凡才能”符合语境。故选B项。
81. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，科学家指出，神童的训练通常在很小的时候就开始了，并投入了大量的时间在练习上。A. begins开始；B. exists存在；C. ends结束；D. grows生长。根据后文“with massive time invested in practice”可知，投入了大量的时间在练习上，所以是训练很早就开始了。故选A项。
82. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，当6岁的莫扎特在欧洲巡回演出以展示他卓越的钢琴技巧时，他已经接受了3500小时的音乐训练。A. polish润饰；B. spread传播；C. display展示；D. broadcast广播。根据前文“when the six-year-old Mozart toured Europe”以及后文“his brilliant piano skills,”可知，莫扎特在欧洲巡回演出，应是展示他卓越的钢琴技巧。故选C项。
83. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当6岁的莫扎特在欧洲巡回演出以展示他卓越的钢琴技巧时，他已经接受了3500小时的音乐训练。A. exchanged交换；B. accelerated加速；C. undergone经受；D. missed错过。根据前文“In fact, scientists indicate that a prodigy’s training typically 6 at a very early age, with massive time invested in practice.”可知，童的训练通常在很小的时候就开始了，并投入了大量的时间在练习上，所以此处应是已经接受了3500小时的音乐训练。故选C项。
84. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你把他和其他练习了这么久的钢琴家相比，莫扎特的成就并不是那么特别。A. achievement成就；B. ambition雄心；C. exploration探索；D. experience经验。根据前文“If you compare this to other pianists who have practiced for as long”可知，和其他练习了这么久的钢琴家相比，应是莫扎特的成就并不是那么特别。故选A项。
85. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：似乎优秀的能力来自密集严格的练习，而不是天生的才能。A. other than除了…以外；B. rather than而不是；C. as well as以及；D. in case of万一。根据前文“If you compare this to other pianists who have practiced for as long, Mozart’s 9 wasn’t all that exceptional.”可知，和其他练习了这么久的钢琴家相比，莫扎特的成就并不是那么特别，所以优秀的能力来自密集严格的练习，而不是天生的才能。故选B项。
86. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一项研究表明，与学生成绩水平直接相关的唯一因素是认真练习的时间：最有天赋的人平均练习10000小时，而技能最差的人只有4000小时。A. putting forward 提出；B. adjusted to调整；C. bringing up养育；D. involved in涉及。根据后文“the most 12 performers had practiced for an average of 10,000 hours, while the least skilled had only 4,000 hours of practice.”可知，最有天赋的人平均练习10000小时，而技能最差的人只有4000小时，所以设计学生成绩水平的唯一因素是认真练习的时间。故选D项。
87. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一项研究表明，与学生成绩水平直接相关的唯一因素是认真练习的时间：最有天赋的人平均练习10000小时，而技能最差的人只有4000小时。A. aggressive侵略性的；B. ordinary普通的；C. energetic精力充沛的；D. gifted有天赋的。根据后文“while the least skilled had only 4,000 hours of practice.”可知，此处是在和技能最差的人作对比，所以应是最有天赋的人。故选D项。
88. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：更能说明问题的是，无一例外：所有的顶尖选手都在练习中付出了巨大的努力。A. limitations局限性；B. principles原则；C. exceptions例外；D. evidences证据。根据后文“All of the top performers had 14 great efforts to their practice.”可知，所有的顶尖选手都在练习中付出了巨大的努力，所以是无一例外。故选C项。
89. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：更能说明问题的是，无一例外：所有的顶尖选手都在练习中付出了巨大的努力。A. devoted投入；B. adapted适应；C. saved拯救；D. reduced减少。根据前文“the most 12 performers had practiced for an average of 10,000 hours, while the least skilled had only 4,000 hours of practice.”可知，越有天赋的人，投入练习越多，所以应是所有的顶尖选手都在练习中付出了巨大的努力。故选A项。
90. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：似乎没有刻苦的练习，就没有非凡的才能。A. perform执行；B. escape逃跑；C. suffer遭受；D. shine显身手。根据后文“without tough practice”可知，没有刻苦的练习，就不能显示出非凡的才能。故选D项。(共12张PPT)
议论文
【要点提示】
要点1 论点 作者的观点,也就是被论证的对象。文章开头往往提出问题
要点2 论据 用来说明论点的依据,也就是理由和材料等。论据就是分析问题的过程
要点3 论证 运用论据证明论点的过程和方法,也就是解决问题的过程。论证有举例论证、引用论证、对比论证、归纳论证、演绎论证、数据论证等
【真题示例】
【典例展示】 (2018·浙江6月高考)
We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it __1__ to have too much time
I __2__ back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also played a team sport.By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it __3__.
When I got into college, things __4__.I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time.
Because of all this __5__ time, there was no sense of __6__ to do my school work immediately.I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a __7__.Once that happened, I just kept pushing my studying further and further back in my day.Then I got to the point where I was __8__ really late at night to get my work done.
One day I __9__ a former classmate of mine who was making a lot of money running a sideline(副业).Since his regular job was __10__, I asked him why he just didn’t do his sideline full-time.He said without the job, he would __11__ have too much time and would just do what I did back in __12__.He said that if he quit the job, he would lose his __13__ to work and succeed.
So try __14__ your time with other work.This is why there is a saying that if you want something done, ask a __15__ person to do it.
1.A.true B.fair C.strange D.possible
2.A.remember B.admit C.understand D.expect
3.A.at last B.right away C.of course D.as usual
4.A.happened B.repeated C.changed D.mattered
5.A.extra B.difficult C.valuable D.limited
6.A.duty B.achievement C.urgency D.direction
7.A.burden B.relief C.risk D.habit
8.A.hanging out B.staying up C.jogging round D.showing off
9.A.met B.helped C.treated D.hired
10.A.safe B.important C.boring D.rewarding
11.A.luckily B.hardly C.hopefully D.simply
12.A.childhood B.college C.town D.business
13.A.heart B.chance C.drive D.way
14.A.saving B.filling up C.giving up D.trading
15.A.careful B.busy C.reliable D.kind
【策略分析】
第一步 通读全文,把握主旨要义。
本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述的是当我们空闲时间太多时,我们一定要让自己忙起来,忙碌的人才会做成事情。
第二步 研读文章,把握议论文的观点和论证过程。
观点:filling up your time with other work→if you want something done, ask a busy person to do it
论证:high school, do homework right away→college, no sense of urgency,stay up late→a former classmate who was making a lot of money running a sideline→if he quit the job, he would lose his drive to work and succeed
第三步 联系文题,确定议论文考点。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
形容词 动词 介/副词 短语 动词 形容词 名词 名词 动词
短语
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 -
动词 形容词 副词 名词 名词 动词 (短语) 形容词 -
第四步 挖掘议论文观点和论证,逐题试填。
序号 位置 语境信息 答案
1 上文 more valuable than money,but ______
2 下文 back in high school ______
3 上文 only had a few hours to do my homework ______
4 下文 I suddenly found myself out of class ______
5 上文 before noon time ______
6 下文 I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a____ ______
D
A
B
C
A
C
序号 位置 语境信息 答案
7 下文 Once that happened, I just kept pushing my studying further and further back in my day ______
8 上文 there was no sense of ________to do my school work immediately ______
9 下文 a former classmate of mine ______
10 上文 running a sideline ______
11 下文 have too much time and would just do what I did back in ______ ______
D
B
A
C
D
序号 位置 语境信息 答案
12 上文 When I got into college ______
13 上文 have too much time and would just do what I did back in ______ ______
14 上文 have too much time;would lose his ________to work and succeed ______
15 上文 So try ________your time with other work. ______
B
C
B
B
【技巧归纳】
抓住首句, 明确论点 议论文完形填空的首句一般是主旨句,作者通常在文章的首段提出总论点,然后在每段的首句提出分论点
查找论点, 方式多样 (1)开门见山式。直接提出论点,然后用正反、对比、举例等论据加以论证,最后总结全文
(2)导入式。先通过叙述生活中的一件事情或现象,然后根据事情或现象反映的问题提出论点
(3)文末式。一开始作者只是列举生活中的现象,不表明自己的观点,而是通过对具体现象的分析,最后得出结论
注重尾段, 论点照应 议论文的尾段就是结论,也是对论点的照应,不可忽视
