夹叙夹议
【要点提示】
要点1 事例→观点 先叙述一件事,然后针对这件事发表自己的看法或揭示生活的真理
要点2 观点→事例 先提出一种观点,然后围绕这一观点用具体事例来说明
要点3 观点→事例→观点 首先提出一种观点,然后用事例说明,最后再进一步阐述自己的观点
【真题示例】
【典例分析】(2023·全国甲卷改编)
Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer.The first time we__41__there, we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike__42__ its way down the hill toward us.It was a__43__called Mario, coming to__44__us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.It was a very nice__45__for him to make.But when we looked at the tomatoes we were worried because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, __46__things you get in a supermarket.And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label(标签)on it.These can’t be any__47__,we thought.But we were thankful for his kindness, so we__48__them.
What we discovered is that it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its __49__.Those tomatoes had the __50__that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child.Nowadays supermarket tomatoes__51__perfect but taste of water.Nobody’s going to have a happy memory of those.It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can __52__them easily.Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was __53__.
It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re__54__and as close as possible to where they were__55__.What Mario had given us was the taste of the Garfagnana.
41.A.waited B.met C.camped D.stayed
42.A.making B.searching C.squeezing D.feeling
43.A.customer B.neighbor C.relative D.passenger
44.A.lend B.send C.bring D.show
45.A.choice B.comment C.promise D.gesture
46.A.simple B.real C.shiny D.fun
47.A.more B.good C.new D.easy
48.A.tried B.sold C.returned D.mixed
49.A.appearance B.quality C.origin D.price
50.A.size B.shape C.color D.taste
51.A.smell B.look C.become D.work
52.A.clean B.check C.count D.pack
53.A.perfect B.useful C.convenient D.familiar
54.A.on view B.on sale C.in season D.in need
55.A.finished B.stored C.found D.grown
【策略分析】
第一步 通读全文,把握主旨要义。
本文是夹叙夹议文。作者回忆了第一次住在Garfagnana 的房子里时,邻居Mario送来了当季的西红柿和自酿酒,虽然品相不好,但味道却很好。
第二步 研读文章,把握记叙和议论两条主线。
主线一:Mario sent us misshapen tomatoes and wine→We ate the tomatoes and drank the wine→Those tomatoes were delicious and the wine was perfect.
主线二:It was a very nice gesture for him to make→They were misshapen and can’t be any good→It’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance→What Mario had given us was the taste of the Garfagnana.
第三步 联系选项,确定夹叙夹议文的考点。
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
动词 动词 名词 动词 名词 形容词 形容词 动词
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 -
名词 名词 动词 动词 形容词 介词短语 动词 -
第四步 挖掘叙事发展信息及论据,逐题试填。
序号 位置 语境信息 答案
41 上文 Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer __D__
42 上下文 we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike __42__ its way down the hill toward us __A__
43 上文 The first time we __41__there __B__
44 下文 a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine __C__
45 上文 It was a__43__called Mario, coming to__44__us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine __D__
46 上文 we looked at the tomatoes we were worried because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice __C__
47 上文 And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label on it __B__
48 上文 But we were thankful for his kindness __A__
49 下文 Those tomatoes had the __50__that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child __A__
50 上文 But we were thankful for his kindness, so we__48__them __D__
51 上文 not at all like the nice, round, __46__things you get in a supermarket __B__
52 上文 It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones __D__
53 上文 What we discovered is that it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its __49__ __A__
54 上文 It’s good to eat things at the correct time __C__
55 上文 It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re__54__ __D__
【技巧归纳】
技巧1 利用首句信息,捕捉文章大意
研读首句 利用段首句提供的信息,去挖掘文章的思路
寻找文章的脉络与线索,展开对文章发展的预测
技巧2 利用逻辑推理,确定语段关系
逻辑 推理 充分利用逻辑连词,深刻体会句段之间的逻辑关系
逻辑 连词 单词(包括连词、副词和少数介词),如and、 but、 or、 because、 though、 however、 yet、 therefore、 otherwise、 despite等
短语,如in other words、 or rather、 in addition、 as a result、 so that、 on the contrary、 instead of等
分句和独立结构,如that is to say、 what is more、 all things considered等
技巧3 利用词汇复现,寻找解题线索
词汇复现 复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等
利用上下文寻找解题信息,确定正确答案
技巧4 利用上下文意,甄别词语差异
甄别词语 选项的设置一般均属于同一词类,有的甚至在意义上也非常接近
在平时记忆单词时,要在例句中把握其用法并能在考试中结合语境,比较四个选项的细微差别,推敲哪一个是最佳答案
技巧5 利用文化常识,轻松选定答案
背景常识 先找出并理解文章的主题和主线,并根据主题猜测细节,注意从重复出现的词语中寻找、体会文章表达的氛围
充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识,巧妙地加以运用
【拓展演练】
1
I recall as a young child bringing a bunch of brilliant flowers to my mother. She was, amazed at its shape but her passion eventually 1 . Both my parents hated the 2 of these flowers in the lawn.
There were an ocean of them! We spent hours picking them. But the supply of dandelions (蒲公英) never 3 . My father would cut off all the heads with the lawnmower (割草机) once a week, but that didn’t 4 these hardy wonders.
And for those flowers that escaped the honor of being 5 to my mother or the destiny to be killed by the lawnmower, there was another 6 of existence. The emergence of a new dandelion caused endless amazement as we had thought all were 7 .
As I worked in my garden last week, I again 8 at the flowers. And I hope I had the 9 of a dandelion. If only I could stretch my roots so deep that nothing could 10 me completely from the source that feeds me life. If only I could face the world with a sunshiny face after someone has run me over with a 11 . If only I could spread love as freely as this flower spreads seeds of itself.
The lawns are now beautiful green 12 . The only patches (块) of color come from well-placed and well-controlled flowerbeds. Chemicals have managed to kill what human 13 couldn’t. I hope you and I can be 14 . I hope that we can stretch our roots deep enough that the strongest poison can’t reach our 15 . I hope that we can overcome the poisons of anger, fear, hate, and competitiveness.
1. A. changed B. faded C. remained D. uplifted
2. A. presence B. absence C. survival D. removal
3. A. pulled up B. settled down C. got across D. ran out
4. A. distract B. destroy C. trouble D. restore
5. A. hand-washed B. hand-written C. hand-delivered D. hand-crafted
6. A. dimension B. addition C. anticipation D. exception
7. A. amazing B. thriving C. brilliant D. gone
8. A. grabbed B. yelled C. marveled D. laughed
9. A. productivity B. perseverance C. inclusiveness D. effectiveness
10. A. separate B. discourage C. defend D. forbid
11. A. truck B. block C. lawnmower D. dandelion
12. A. boards B. routes C. blankets D. signs
13. A. evolution B. interference C. preservation D. enhancement
14. A. forgiving B. conventional C. emotional D. different
15. A. souls B. deadlines C. fields D. targets
2
“Why do you always apologize before you ask a question ” my colleague, Dan asked. I looked at him 16 , not understanding what he meant but felt that there was more than a trace of 17 in his tone.
“There’s no reason for it; you shouldn’t do that,” he said. “Sorry if it annoys you,” I responded. I probably annoyed him again by 18 again.
This happened over 35 years ago, but I still 19 it now. Asking questions in conversation isn’t that 20 , at least not to me.
I figured out some 21 . The first was self-consciousness and insecurity. Had I missed something the professor said I knew some students, as a result of such 22 , didn’t ask questions. I had enough confidence to ask, but not enough to not 23 the way of asking.
I don’t think it occurred to me at the time, but it did years later, that it also probably related to being 24 . I knew that a woman was always told there was a line of not 25 others too aggressively.
Besides, I became conscious of not implying 26 — I didn’t want a professor to think I was questioning their expertise, or suggesting they were a 27 teacher. It seemed like a reasonable strategy to start by 28 that I was wrong or uninformed.
Before Dan’s comment, I hadn’t thought about it 29 , and much less considered that there could be a 30 while doing it. But I was learning that there was, and it could be unpleasant. Fortunately, I think I’ve done it less now.
16. A. blankly B. sadly C. hopefully D. impatiently
17. A. concern B. annoyance C. excitement D. relief
18. A. arguing B. resisting C. escaping D. apologizing
19. A. account for B. reflect on C. call for D. take up
20. A. simple B. surprising C. clear D. logical
21. A. choices B. decisions C. reasons D. actions
22. A. doubt B. loss C. achievement D. plan
23. A. strengthen B. soften C. change D. keep
24. A. weak B. positive C. female D. reasonable
25. A. impressing B. fighting C. chasing D. blaming
26. A. approval B. defence C. connection D. judgment
27. A. bad B. lazy C. responsible D. creative
28. A. refusing B. insisting C. denying D. acknowledging
29. A. crazily B. fast C. consciously D. bitterly
30. A. failure B. disadvantage C. virtue D. barrier
3
Most of us need to heal (痊愈) once in a while. For some of us, the 31 part of healing is simply to believe that it’s possible.
Years ago, I was watching my son 32 free throws. He made a dozen 33 through the net without a miss. “How do you do that ” I said. “Before I 34 the ball,” he said, “I see it in my mind to make it happen.”
I loved these words. It struck me that they might also 35 healing. We need to believe healing can happen and 36 it in our minds to see it in reality. 37 doesn’t assure us of the outcome we hope for. But it sets us in motion to move toward desired 38 .
Last year I had surgery for a broken 39 and spent eight weeks in a wheelchair. I had 40 to be able to start walking again after the 41 days. However, that didn’t happen. I then started physical therapy which I believed could help. I 42 it day after day, seeing in my mind that I was walking quickly as before, which is 43 I do today.
When hope grows dim (暗淡的), belief 44 the way and makes all things possible. We need to believe 45 is possible. If we can see it in our minds, we can let go of the past, accept the present and move toward a better future.
31. A. simple B. emotional C. hardest D. reasonable
32. A. practice B. display C. hold D. score
33. A. attempts B. shots C. choices D. adjustments
34. A. spot B. beat C. catch D. release
35. A. rely on B. apply to C. arise from D. respond to
36. A. picture B. remember C. wake D. operate
37. A. Imagination B. Desire C. Belief D. Dream
38. A. result B. prize C. career D. option
39. A. hand B. ankle C. wrist D. arm
40. A. promised B. required C. refused D. expected
41. A. exciting B. confusing C. appealing D. struggling
42. A. turned to B. took in C. kept at D. commented on
43. A. exactly B. absolutely C. generally D. naturally
44. A. feels B. lights C. forces D. clears
45. A. happiness B. fortunate C. healing D. shooting
4
My colleagues and I, who have been teaching powerful communication skills, talk about the power of words all the time. We think the words we use are at the heart of 46 .
Over the last twenty years, I have 47 thousands of people. I have heard some 48 of the following many times: “How can I get my boss/colleague to 49 me like I am part of the team ” I have met young people who are made to feel like 50 by their older colleagues, often because the experiences that are shared around the table are about something that happened long ago. I have talked with older people who feel out of touch because their younger and more culturally-current colleagues 51 refer to new developments in technology that an older colleague is 52 to know.
There are lots of ways we can make someone feel excluded and 53 . But often, in my experience, the words we use are a main 54 . The words have the power to make people feel included, but they also can make people feel 55 .
So, the next time you are in a 56 of some kind, be 57 . If you are in a meeting of engineers and there is someone who doesn’t “speak engineering” the way the rest of you do, 58 using fewer technical terms. If you are in a party and are not 59 whether everyone “speaks football”, think about talking about another 60 of your weekend.
46. A. success B. friendship C. inclusion D. sympathy
47. A. praised B. employed C. criticized D. coached
48. A. assumptions B. options C. questions D. suggestions
49. A. treat B. rescue C. admire D. follow
50. A. competitors B. outsiders C. researchers D. professionals
51. A. gradually B. rarely C. temporarily D. constantly
52. A. hesitant B. unlikely C. afraid D. unwilling
53. A. unwelcome B. regretful C. envious D. disappointed
54. A. factor B. result C. change D. dream
55. A. sought for B. tested out C. cared for D. left out
56. A. contest B. gathering C. camp D. classroom
57. A. confident B. courageous C. thoughtful D. patient
58. A. imagine B. consider C. avoid D. miss
59. A. worried B. curious C. pleased D. sure
60. A. element B. day C. person D. party
5
I came across an image of a distance runner with a caption (说明文字) that told readers to keep going at all costs. It 61 me of the sunk cost fallacy (谬论), a concept I researched in grad school after realizing I’d been so likely to suffer from it.
In high school, I had 62 five universities. Soon I heard from four, and Southern Utah University was going to give me the best 63 . I paid them my $100 commitment fee. Two weeks later, the last school 64 an even better scholarship with full fees. And what did 17-year-old me do I was still 65 to Southern Utah University due to the 66 $100 investment. It seems obvious to me now that 67 schools, even if it meant admitting I’d “wasted” $100, was a better 68 decision.
I’m not the only 69 . People will wear clothes they don’t like because they have paid money for them and stay in unhealthy 70 because they’ve been together for so long.
That you’ve sunk time, effort, or money into something doesn’t mean you should 71 more. Our society loves to emphasize 72 to keep trying. But only you know the right path for you. Sometimes 73 is the hardest choice of all after all the hard work. You might 74 a path you’re on is no longer the right one or never was. That’s a 75 realization.
61. A. accused B. convinced C. reminded D. informed
62. A. approved of B. jumped at C. taken in D. applied to
63. A. reward B. scholarship C. celebration D. welcome
64. A. offered B. refused C. expected D. explored
65. A. exposed B. committed C. admitted D. used
66. A. initial B. extra C. minor D. generous
67. A. attending B. skipping C. switching D. visiting
68. A. physical B. cultural C. moral D. financial
69. A. victim B. student C. customer D. loser
70. A. competition B. lifestyles C. state D. relationships
71. A. harvest B. invest C. ignore D. pursue
72. A. permission B. curiosity C. determination D. freedom
73. A. breaking out B. walking away C. giving in D. passing down
74. A. realize B. doubt C. prove D. regret
75. A. funny B. stupid C. relaxing D. painful
6
It was just a typical morning of an ordinary workday. I was at the 76 , on my way to the lab where I was a postdoctoral fellow (博士后研究员). But something began to 77 inside me as I watched the people around me-headphones hanging from their ears, eyes cast down, 78 faces. They looked unhappy. And I realized that I was one of them. Suddenly, I could no longer 79 my work life and booked a one-way ticket to fly home.
Over the years. I had grown more competitive due to the 80 of finishing my Ph.D. Those who could have been partners became competitors I disliked and the effect of this competition was exactly the 81 of what I had hoped for. I began to feel lonely and lost. I became less and less 82 in my scientific work. I hit my 83 point that day at the bus station. I had to end this before it is too late. I emailed my professors, explaining that l had put the 84 first and myself second for too long.
Shortly after I got back home, I started to receive some emails from my workmates — I guessed they expected me to join them again soon. After a few 85 asking how I was, in the emails many expressed their stress of academic life. Vulnerable (脆弱的) researchers were sticking their heads out of their shells (壳), seeking 86 . It occurred to me that we all 87 sometimes, and our vulnerability seemed so much alike that I 88 myself from all that had bothered me for days. 89 it can be win-win game, instead of one where one side gains while the other side loses. Working with others and asking for help doesn’t make my contributions 90 ; it means we can all succeed.
76. A. store B. office C. cafe shop D. station
77. A. settle B. disappear C. awaken D. explode
78. A. uncertain B. unique C. unfamiliar D. unsmiling
79. A. begin with B. get rid of C. proceed with D. get down to
80. A. pressure B. response C. commitment D. obligation
81. A. outcome B. opposite C. means D. alternative
82. A. responsible B. anxious C. tough D. productive
83. A. starting B. breaking C. ending D. boiling
84. A. fame B. honor C. partner D. occupation
85. A. accounts B. jokes C. lines D. greetings
86. A. belief B. assistance C. hardship D. answers
87. A. choked B. hesitated C. relaxed D. suffered
88. A. protected B. prevented C. liberated D. excused
89. A. Actually B. Generally C. Eventually D. Fortunately
90. A. irregular B. improper C. illogical D. insignificant
参考答案
1
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. A 11. C 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者回忆童年时期对蒲公英的喜爱与父母对它的厌恶，引申出对生命力顽强、坚韧不拔精神的赞美，表达了作者希望像蒲公英一样拥有深深扎根、无畏困难、传播爱与阳光的生活态度。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：母亲对这花的形状感到惊奇，但她的热情最终消退了。A. changed换；B. faded逐渐消失；C. remained仍然；D. uplifted使振奋。根据下文“Both my parents hated the____2____of these flowers in the lawn.”可知，此处表示母亲对于花的热情消退了。故选B项。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我父母都讨厌草坪上有这些花的存在。A. presence存在；B. absence缺席；C. survival存活；D. removal移动。根据下文“My father would cut off all the heads with the lawnmower (割草机) once a week,”可知，父亲每周都会割掉蒲公英，所以此处表示父母讨厌草坪上存在这些花。故选A项。
3. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：但蒲公英似乎永远不会摘完。A. pulled up减速停下；B. settled down安顿下来；C. got across使被理解；D. ran out用完，耗尽。根据上文“We spent hours picking them. But the supply of dandelions (蒲公英) never”以及下文“My father would cut off all the heads with the lawnmower (割草机) once a week,”可知，此处表示蒲公英似乎永远也摘不完。故选D项。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲每周都会用割草机把所有蒲公英的头都割掉，但这并没有摧毁这些顽强的生命奇迹。A. distract分散；B. destroy摧毁；C. trouble麻烦；D. restore恢复。根据下文“The emergence of a new dandelion caused endless amazement as we had thought all were____7____.”可知，割草机的切割并不能消灭所有的蒲公英。故选B项。
5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于那些没有被亲手交给母亲的荣耀，也没有被割草机割死的命运的花来说，存在另一个维度。A. hand-washed手洗的；B. hand-written手写的；C. hand-delivered亲手交付的；D. hand-crafted手工制作的。根据上文“I recall as a young child bringing a bunch of brilliant flowers to my mother. ”可知，此处指作者亲手送给母亲的花。故选C项。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于那些没有被亲手交给母亲的荣耀，也没有被割草机割死的命运的花来说，存在另一个维度。A. dimension维度；B. addition添加；C. anticipation预期；D. exception例外。根据下文“The emergence of a new dandelion caused endless amazement as we had thought all were____7____.”以及语境可知，除了被摘掉送给作者的母亲和被作者的父亲用割草机割掉外，还有另一种存在维度。故选A项。
7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：新蒲公英的出现让我们惊叹不已，因为我们以为所有的都已经消失了。A. amazing令人惊喜的；B. thriving欣欣向荣的；C. brilliant聪颖的；D. gone不复存在的。根据上文“My father would cut off all the heads with the lawnmower (割草机) once a week,”以及常识可知，经过割草机的切割之后，作者以为蒲公英都被处理完，不复存在了。故选D项。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：上周我在花园里劳作时，再次对这些花感到惊奇。A. grabbed抓住；B. yelled喊；C. marveled感到惊奇；D. laughed笑。根据上文“The emergence of a new dandelion caused endless amazement as we had thought all were____7____.”可知，此处表示作者再次对花感到惊奇。故选C项。
9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望我有蒲公英那样的毅力。A. productivity生产力；B. perseverance毅力；C. inclusiveness包容性；D. effectiveness有效性。根据下文“If only I could stretch my roots so deep that nothing could____10____me completely from the source that feeds me life.”以及语境可知，此处指作者希望拥有蒲公英般的坚持与毅力。故选B项。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我能把根扎得如此之深，以至于没有任何东西能把我与滋养我生命的源泉完全隔绝。A. separate分开，隔开；B. discourage劝阻；C. defend保卫；D. forbid禁止。根据下文“me completely from the source that feeds me life”以及语境可知，此处表示没有任何东西可以将其隔绝于生命源泉。故选A项。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果有人用割草机碾过我之后，我还能面带阳光地面对世界。A. truck卡车；B. block块；C. lawnmower割草机；D. dandelion蒲公英。根据上文“My father would cut off all the heads with the lawnmower (割草机) once a week,”可知，此处呼应前文的割草机，表示如果有人使用割草机碾过之后。故选C项。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：草坪现在是美丽的绿色地毯。A. boards板；B. routes路线；C. blankets毯子；D. signs标志。根据上文“The lawns are now beautiful green”以及下文“The only patches (块) of color come from well-placed and well-controlled flowerbeds.”可知，此处将草坪比作绿色的地毯。故选C项。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：化学药品已经成功杀死了人力干预无法消灭的东西。A. evolution进化；B. interference干扰，干预；C. preservation保存；D. enhancement增强。根据上文“Chemicals have managed to kill what human”可知，此处将人力干预与化学药品的作用对比。故选B项。
14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望你和我能有所不同。A. forgiving宽容的；B. conventional常规的；C. emotional情感的；D. different与众不同的。根据下文“I hope that we can stretch our roots deep enough that the strongest poison can’t reach our____15____. I hope that we can overcome the poisons of anger, fear, hate, and competitiveness.”可知，此处表示作者希望人们都可以像蒲公英一样与众不同。故选D项。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：希望我们的根能扎得足够深，最强的毒药也触及不到我们的灵魂。A. souls灵魂；B. deadlines截止日期；C. fields地，田；D. targets目标。根据上文“I hope that we can stretch our roots deep enough that the strongest poison can’t reach our”以及语境可知，此处表示最深的毒药也不会触及最深层的部分，即触及不到灵魂。故选A项。
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16. A 17. B 18. D 19. B 20. D 21. C 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. B
【解析】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者的同事Dan质疑为什么作者询问问题前要先道歉，作者分析了其中的原因，并意识到这样做的问题，从而更少这样做。
16. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我茫然地看着他，不明白他的意思，但我觉得他的语气里有一丝恼火。A. blankly茫然地；B. sadly悲伤地；C. hopefully有希望地；D. impatiently不耐烦地。根据“not understanding what he meant”可知，作者被同事质疑后，不理解对方的质问，所以应该是茫然地看着对方。故选A项。
17. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我茫然地看着他，不明白他的意思，但我觉得他的语气里有一丝恼火。A. concern担忧；B. annoyance烦恼，气恼；C. excitement激动；D. relief放松，宽慰。根据下文“Sorry if it annoys you”可知，作者感受到Dan语气里的一丝恼火。故选B项。
18. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可能又一次道歉惹恼了他。A. arguing争论；B. resisting抵制；C. escaping逃跑；D. apologizing道歉。根据前文““Sorry if it annoys you,” I responded.”可知，作者又道歉了。故选D项。
19. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这件事发生在35年前，但我现在还在反思。A. account for解释，占比；B. reflect on反思；C. call for需求，需要；D. take up占据，从事。根据下文“The first was self-consciousness and insecurity.”及“that it also probably related to being ___9___.”可知，下文讲到了作者现在还会反思自己为什么会问问题前先道歉。故选B项。
20. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在谈话中提问并不符合逻辑，至少对我来说不是。A. simple简单的；B. surprising令人惊讶的；C. clear清楚的；D. logical合乎情理的，符合逻辑的。根据文章第一句“Why do you always apologize before you ask a question ”可知，作者总是在问问题前面道歉，因此推断出，作者是因为觉得谈话中提问不符合逻辑。故选D项。
21. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我找到了一些原因。A. choices选择；B. decisions决定；C. reasons原因；D. actions行动。根据“The first was self-consciousness and insecurity.”及下文阐述原因可知，作者搞清楚了几点原因。故选C项。
22. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认识一些学生，由于这样的怀疑，没有问问题。A. doubt怀疑；B. loss损失；C. achievement成就；D. plan计划。根据前文“Had I missed something the professor said ”可知，这是作者认识的一些学生的怀疑。故选A项。
23. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我有足够的底气去问，但没有足够的底气去委婉地问。A. strengthen加强；B. soften使变软，使柔和；C. change改变；D. keep保持。根据“I had enough confidence to ask, but not enough to not ___8___ the way of asking.”及前文讲到一些学生没有提问可知，作者能够有底气提问，但是没有底气自己可以温和地提问，这也是作者为什么先道歉的原因之一。故选B项。
24. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想当时我没有意识到，但多年后我意识到，这可能也与我是女性有关。A. weak弱小的；B. positive积极的；C. female女性的；D. reasonable合理的。根据“I knew that a woman was always told there was a line of not”可知，作者多年后意识到，作者的道歉行为与自己的女性性别也有关系。故选C项。
25. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道女人总是被告知不要给别人留下太咄咄逼人的印象。A. impressing留下印象；B. fighting争斗；C. chasing追逐；D. blaming责怪。根据“that a woman was always told there was a line of not ___10___ others too aggressively.”可知，女人总是被告知不要给别人留下咄咄逼人的印象。故选A项。
26. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，我意识到不要暗示自己的判断——我不想让教授认为我在质疑他们的专业知识，或者暗示他们是一个糟糕的老师。A. approval赞同；B. defence防御；C. connection连接，联系；D. judgment判断。根据“I didn’t want a professor to think I was questioning their expertise”可知，作者不想让被询问者感受到自己对于对方负面的判断。故选D项。
27. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，我意识到不要暗示自己的判断——我不想让教授认为我在质疑他们的专业知识，或者暗示他们是一个糟糕的老师。A. bad糟糕的，不好的；B. lazy懒惰的；C. responsible负责任的；D. creative有创造力的。根据“I didn’t want a professor to think I was questioning their expertise, or suggesting they were a ___12___ teacher.”可知，or并列两种情况，第一种表示作者质疑教授的专业知识，第二种表示作者的提问暗示对方是一位不好的老师。故选A项。
28. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从承认自己的错误或无知开始，似乎是一个合理的策略。A. refusing拒绝；B. insisting坚持；C. denying否认；D. acknowledging承认。根据“It seemed like a reasonable strategy to start by”及“that I was wrong or uninformed”可知，作者为了避免对方对于自己的误解，所以先道歉，承认自己的错误或者无知。故选D项。
29. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在Dan的评论之前，我并没有有意识地想过这一点，更没有考虑到这样做可能会有缺点。A. crazily疯狂地；B. fast块地；C. consciously有意识地；D. bitterly痛苦地。根据“and much less considered that there could be a ___15___ while doing it.”可知，在Dan评论自己的行为之前，作者对自己的道歉行为毫无意识。故选C项。
30. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在Dan的评论之前，我并没有有意识地想过这一点，更没有考虑到这样做可能会有缺点。A. failure失败；B. disadvantage劣势，缺点；C. virtue美德；D. barrier障碍。根据“But I was learning that there was, and it could be unpleasant.”可知，在Dan的评论之后，作者意识到这样做会让人不愉快，有劣势。故选B项。
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31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. D 41. D 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. C
【解析】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者通过看儿子练球和自己的亲身经历感悟到，我们需要相信治愈是有可能的，这种信念会给我们带来好的结果。
31. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我们中的一些人来说，治愈最难的部分就是相信它是可能的。A. simple简单的；B. emotional情感上的；C. hardest最难的；D. reasonable合理的。根据最后一段“We need to believe ____15____ is possible.”及前文“Most of us need to heal (痊愈) once in a while.”并结合语境可知，结合下文可知，作者认为，应相信治愈是可能的，这种信念会给我们带来好的结果，但是往往大家都不相信，所以，这是治愈最难的部分。故选C项。
32. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几年前，我看着儿子练习罚球。A. practice练习；B. display展示；C. hold举办；D. score得分。根据下文“He made a dozen ____3____ through the net without a miss.”可知，作者观看儿子练球。故选A项。
33. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他打了十几个球都没有打偏。A. attempts尝试；B. shots投篮；C. choices选择；D. adjustments调整。根据上文“watching my son ____2____ free throws”可知，作者的儿子在练习篮球罚球，所以是进行了几次投篮。故选B项。
34. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“在我放开球之前，”他说，“我在脑海中想象着它的发生。”A. spot发现；B. beat打败；C. catch抓；D. release放开。根据“I see it in my mind to make it happen.”可知，儿子在投篮前想象着自己将球投出去，然后再放开篮球，进行投篮。故选D项。
35. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我突然想到，它们或许也适用于治愈。A. rely on依赖；B. apply to应用于；C. arise from由……引起；D. respond to回应。根据“I loved these words. It struck me that”可知，儿子的话让作者有了启发，他认为这种想法也可以应用于治愈。故选B项。
36. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们需要相信治愈是可以发生的，并在我们的脑海中想象它，以便在现实中看到它。A. picture想象；B. remember记得；C. wake醒来；D. operate操作。根据上文“I see it in my mind to make it happen.”可知，儿子告诉作者，自己投篮前在脑海里先想象一下，此处作者认为我们也可以在脑海里想象治愈的场景。故选A项。
37. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：信念并不能保证我们所希望的结果。A. Imagination想象；B. Desire愿望；C. Belief信念；D. Dream梦想。根据上文“We need to believe healing can happen”可知，信念不能完全保证我们所希望的结果。故选C项。
38. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但它会让我们朝着想要的结果前进。A. result结果；B. prize奖品；C. career事业；D. option选择。根据“But it sets us in motion to move toward desired”可知，信念会让我们朝着想要的结果前进。故选A项。
39. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年我做了脚踝骨折的手术，在轮椅上坐了8个星期。A. hand手；B. ankle脚踝；C. wrist手腕；D. arm手臂。根据“spent eight weeks in a wheelchair”可知，作者不能站立，所以是脚踝做了手术。故选B项。
40. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我原以为在挣扎了几天之后，我就能重新开始走路了。A. promised承诺；B. required要求；C. refused拒绝；D. expected期待。根据“to be able to start walking again”可知，作者期待自己能重新开始走路。故选D项。
41. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. exciting令人激动的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. appealing吸引人的；D. struggling苦苦挣扎的。根据上文“Last year I had surgery for a broken ____9____ and spent eight weeks in a wheelchair.”可知，作者在手术后，在轮椅上度过了艰难的日子。故选D项。
42. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我日复一日地坚持着，心里想，我还是像以前一样走得很快，这正是我今天所做的。A. turned to求助于；B. took in吸收；C. kept at坚持；D. commented on评论。根据前文“I then started physical therapy which I believed could help.”及后文“seeing in my mind that I was walking quickly as before”可知，作者坚持自己能站起来的愿望。故选C项。
43. 考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. exactly恰好；B. absolutely完全地；C. generally总体上；D. naturally自然地，通常。根据“that I was walking quickly as before”可知，作者的希望成真了，恰好就是他现在的样子，即，他可以快速走路了。故选A项。
44. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当希望变得暗淡时，信念照亮道路，使一切成为可能。A. feels感觉；B. lights照亮；C. forces强迫；D. clears清理。根据“When hope grows dim”及“the way and makes all things possible”可知，希望渺茫时，信念会照亮道路，帮我们实现可能性。故选B项。
45. 考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：我们要相信治愈是可能的。A. happiness幸福；B. fortunate幸运的；C. healing治愈；D. shooting枪击。根据第一段“For some of us, the ____1____ part of healing is simply to believe that it’s possible.”可知，此处与第一段呼应，表示我们要相信治愈是可能的。故选C项。
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46. C 47. D 48. C 49. A 50. B 51. D 52. B 53. A 54. A 55. D 56. B 57. C 58. B 59. D 60. A
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文通过谈论别人的经历来说明在某些场合使用合适的语言的重要性。
46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们认为我们使用的词语是包容性的核心。A. success成功；B. friendship 友谊；C. inclusion 包含；D. sympathy同情。根据下文“included”可知，作者认为使用的词语是包容性的核心。故选C项。
47. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的二十年里，我指导过成千上万的人。A. praised赞扬；B. employed雇佣；C. criticized 批判；D. coached训练，指导。根据上文“who have been teaching”可知，作者指导过成千上万的人。故选D项。
48. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我听过很多次这样的问题:“我怎样才能让我的老板/同事把我当作团队的一员 ”。A. assumptions假定，假设；B. options观点；C. questions 问题；D. suggestions建议。根据下文“How can I get my boss/colleague to ____4____ me like I am part of the team ”可知，听过很多次这样的问题。故选C项。
49. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我听过很多次这样的问题:“我怎样才能让我的老板/同事把我当作团队的一员 ”。A. treat对待；B. rescue营救；C. admire羡慕；D. follow跟谁。根据下文“me like I am part of the team”可知，有些人问到“怎样才能让我的老板/同事把我当作团队的一员”。故选A项。
50. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我遇到过一些年轻人，他们被年长的同事视为局外人，通常是因为他们在餐桌上分享的经历是很久以前发生的事情。A. competitors竞争者；B. outsiders局外人；C. researchers研究者；D. professionals专业人士。根据下文“excluded”可知，有些年轻人被年长的同事视为局外人。故选B项。
51. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我曾与一些年长的人交谈过，他们觉得自己与外界脱节，因为他们的年轻同事和更有文化背景的同事经常提到一些年长的同事不太可能知道的科技新发展。A. gradually逐渐地；B. rarely稀少地；C. temporarily暂时地；D. constantly一直地。根据上文“their younger and more culturally-current colleagues”可知，年轻同事和更有文化背景的同事经常提到一些年长的同事不太可能知道的科技新发展。故选D项。
52. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我曾与一些年长的人交谈过，他们觉得自己与外界脱节，因为他们的年轻同事和更有文化背景的同事经常提到一些年长的同事不太可能知道的科技新发展。A. hesitant犹豫的；B. unlikely不可能的；C. afraid害怕的；D. unwilling不愿意的。根据上文“an older colleague”可知，一些年长的同事不太可能知道的科技新发展。这也是一种社会现象。故选B项。
53. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们有很多方法可以让别人感到被排斥和不受欢迎。 A. unwelcome不受欢迎的；B. regretful后悔的； C. envious嫉妒的；D. disappointed失望的。根据上文“feel excluded”可知，此处指感到被排斥和不受欢迎，and连接的词词义接近。故选A项。
54. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但根据我的经验，我们使用的词汇往往是一个主要因素。A. factor因素；B. result结果；C. change零钱； D. dream梦想。根据上文“There are lots of ways we can make someone feel excluded and...the words”可知，词汇往往是感到被排斥和不受欢迎主要因素。故选A项。
55. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些词语有让人感到被包容的力量，但它们也会让人感到被忽视。A. sought for寻找；B. tested out彻底检验；C. cared for关心，照顾；D. left out不包括，忽视。根据上文“feel included, but they also can make people feel”可知，感到被包容的同时，它们也会让人感到被忽视。故选D项。
56. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，下次你参加某种聚会时，要深思熟虑。A. contest竞赛；B. gathering聚会；C. camp宿营；D. classroom教室。根据下文“in a party”可知，下次你参加某种聚会时，要深思熟虑。故选B项。
57. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，下次你参加某种聚会时，要深思熟虑。 A. confident自信的；B. courageous有勇气的；C. thoughtful考虑周到的；D. patient耐心的。根据下文“If you are in a meeting of engineers and there is someone who doesn’t “speak engineering” the way the rest of you do, ____13____ using fewer technical terms”可知，下次你参加某种聚会时，要深思熟虑。故选C项。
58. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你在一个工程师会议上，有人不像其他人那样“讲工程”，那就考虑少用一些技术术语。A. imagine想象；B. consider思考；C. avoid避免；D. miss错过。根据上文“If you are in a meeting of engineers and there is someone who doesn’t “speak engineering” the way the rest of you do”可知，在该情况下要考虑少用一些技术术语。故选B项。
59. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你在一个聚会上，不确定是否每个人都“谈论足球”，考虑谈论你周末的另一个元素。A. worried担忧的；B. curious好奇的；C. pleased 愉快的；D. sure确定的。根据下文“think about talking about another ____15____ of your weekend.”可知，不确定是否每个人都“谈论足球”，才考虑谈论你周末的另一个元素。故选D项。
60. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你在一个聚会上，不确定是否每个人都“谈论足球”，考虑谈论你周末的另一个元素。A. element要素；元素；B. day白天；C. person 人；D. party聚会。根据上文“If you are in a party and are not ____14____ whether everyone “speaks football”,可知，如果你在一个聚会上，不确定是否每个人都“谈论足球”，考虑谈论你周末的另一个元素。故选A项。
5
61. C 62. D 63. B 64. A 65. B 66. A 67. C 68. D 69. A 70. D 71. B 72. C 73. B 74. A 75. D
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。通过作者自己选择大学这件事情教育人们不要受困于已经投入的资源，应该勇敢做出更好的选择。
61. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让我想起了沉没成本谬论，这是我在研究生学习期间意识到自己很容易受到其影响后进行研究的一个概念。A. accused被告；B. convinced被说服；C. reminded想起；D. informed知情。根据下文“a concept I researched in grad school after realizing I’d been so likely to suffer from it”可知，作者看到的长跑运动员的照片使作者想起了曾经的沉没成本谬论，故选C项。
62. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：高中时，我申请了五所大学。A. approved of赞同；B. jumped at跃入；C. taken in接受；D. applied to申请。根据下文“Soon I heard from four, and Southern Utah University was going to give me the best”可知，作者是在高中时申请了5所大学，故选D项。
63. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，我收到了四个大学的来信，南犹他大学将给我最好的奖学金。A. reward奖励；B. scholarship奖学金；C. celebration庆祝；D. welcome欢迎。根据下文“I paid them my $100 commitment fee.”可知，是Southern Utah University(南犹他大学)给了我最好的奖学金，所以我付的费用少，故选B项。
64. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：两周后，最后一所学校提供了更好的全额奖学金。A. offered提出；B. refused拒绝；C. expected预期；D. explored探索。根据上文“and Southern Utah University was going to give me the best 3 .”及下文“an even better scholarship with full fees.”可知，最后一所大学提供的奖学金比Southern Utah University还要好，故选A项。
65. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于最初的100美元投资，我仍然致力于南犹他大学。A. exposed爆；B. committed致力于；C. admitted承认；D. used使用。根据上文“I paid them my $100 commitment fee.”可知，作者最初给Southern Utah University支付了100美金的承诺费，所以作者还是致力于选择Southern Utah University，故选B项。
66. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于最初的100美元投资，我仍然致力于南犹他大学。A. initial最初的；B. extra额外的；C. minor次要的；D. generous慷慨的；根据上文“I paid them my $100 commitment fee.”可知，作者最初给Southern Utah University支付了100美金的承诺费，故选A项。
67. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在对我来说，转学显然是一个更好的财务决定，即使这意味着承认我“浪费”了100美元。A. attending参加；B. skipping跳过；C. switching转换；D. visiting参观。根据下文“it meant admitting I’d “wasted” $100”可知，作者觉得浪费了100美金是因为转学而浪费的，故选C项。
68. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：句意：现在对我来说，转学显然是一个更好的财务决定，即使这意味着承认我“浪费”了100美元。A. physical身体；B. cultural文化；C. moral道德；D. financial财务。根据“even if it meant admitting I’d “wasted” $100, was a better 8 decision.”可知，虽然作者因转学浪费了100美金，但是转学还是更好的财务选择，故选D项。
69. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不是唯一的受害者。A. victim受害人；B. student学生；C. customer客户；D. loser失败者。根据下文“People will wear clothes they don’t like because they have paid money for them and stay in unhealth”可知，作者是在打比方，人们会穿他们不喜欢的衣服是因为已经为它们付过钱了，而作者也是这样的一个受害者，故选A项。
70. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们会穿他们不喜欢的衣服，因为他们已经为他们付了钱，并因为他们在一起这么久而保持不健康的关系。A. competition竞争；B. lifestyles生活方式；C. state状态；D. relationships关系。根据“People will wear clothes they don’t like because they have paid money for them and stay in unhealthy 10 because they’ve been together for so long.”可知，有些人会穿他们不喜欢的衣服是因为已经为它们付过钱了，而有些人会因为他们在一起很久了，就会保持一种不健康的关系，故选D项。
71. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你已经把时间、精力或金钱投入到某件事上并不意味着你应该投入更多。A. harvest收货；B. invest投资；C. ignore忽视；D. pursue追求。根据“doesn’t mean you should 11 more.”可知，作者认为虽然在某件事上投入了时间、精力和金钱，但是并不意味应该投入更多，故选B项。
72. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的社会喜欢强调不断尝试的决心。A. permission许可；B. curiosity好奇心；C. determination决心；D. freedom自由。根据上文“I came across an image of a distance runner with a caption (说明文字) that told readers to keep going at all costs. (我看到了一张长跑运动员的图片，上面有一个标题，告诉读者不惜一切代价继续前进。)”可知，社会喜欢强调不断地去尝试的决心，故选C项。
73. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有时，在辛勤工作之后，离开是最艰难的选择。A. breaking out闯出；B. walking away走开；C. giving in让步；D. passing down传承。根据“Sometimes 13 is the hardest choice of all after all the hard work.”可知，有时候自己辛勤努力了，最终还是要选择离开，这是非常艰难的选择，故选B项。
74. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可能会意识到你所走的路不再是正确的，或者从来都不是。A. realize意识到；B. doubt怀疑；C. prove证明；D. regret后悔。根据下文“a path you’re on is no longer the right one or never was.”可知，你可能会意识到自己走的路是不正确的，故选A项。
75. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一个痛苦的领悟。A. funny滑稽的；B. stupid愚蠢的；C. relaxing放松的；D. painful痛苦的。根据上文“a path you’re on is no longer the right one or never was.”可知，当意识到你所走的路不再是正确的，或者从来都不是，意识到这一点是非常痛苦的，故选D项。
6
76. D 77. C 78. D 79. C 80. A 81. B 82. D 83. B 84. D 85. C 86. B 87. D 88. C 89. A 90. D
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在车站等待去实验室的车时，发现了周围的人都不快乐，作者意识到自己长期以来致力于工作上的竞争而忽略了自身的快乐，于是请假回家了，而同事的邮件让作者意识到大家都是如此，与人合作并请求帮助并不会让自己的贡献变得不重要，相反它会让所有人都成功。
76. 考查名词和名词短语辨析。句意：我在车站，在去实验室的路上，我在那里做博士后研究员。A. store商店；B. office办公室；C. cafe shop咖啡店；D. station车站。根据句中的“on my way to the lab”可知，作者在去实验室的路上，所以他此时是在车站。故选D。
77. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当我看着周围的人——耳机挂在耳朵上，眼睛低垂着，一脸严肃——我的内心开始觉醒。A. settle解决；B. disappear消失；C. awaken使醒来，被唤起；D. explode爆炸。根据下文中的“And I realized that I was one of them.(我意识到我就是其中之一)”可知，作者看到周围人的状况时，他的内心觉醒了。故选C。
78. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. uncertain不确定的；B. unique独特的；C. unfamiliar不熟悉的；D. unsmiling不笑的。根据下文中的“They looked unhappy.(他们看起来不高兴)”可知，这些人表情冷漠、不苟言笑。故选D。
79. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：突然间，我无法再继续我的工作生活，于是订了一张单程机票飞回家。A. begin with以……开始；B. get rid of摆脱；C. proceed with继续；D. get down to开始做。根据空后的“booked a one-way ticket to fly home”可知，作者无法再继续自己的工作了，就回家了。故选C。
80. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年来，由于完成博士学位的压力，我变得更有竞争力了。A. pressure压力；B. response回应；C. commitment承诺；D. obligation义务。根据句中的“I had grown more competitive”和常识可知，作者完成博士学业是很有压力的，所以变得更加爱竞争。下一段中“in the emails many expressed their stress of academic life(在邮件中，许多人表达了他们学术生活的压力)”也是提示，故选A。
81. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些本可以成为合作伙伴的人变成了我不喜欢的竞争对手，这种竞争的效果与我所希望的完全相反。A. outcome结果；B. opposite对手；C. means方法；D. alternative可供替代的事物。and连接并列句，前后应表示顺承。根据“Those who could have been partners became competitors I disliked”可知，一些人本可以成为合作伙伴的人，结果却成了竞争对手，所以这种竞争的效果与作者原本的希望相反。故选B。
82. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在科学工作上的效率越来越低。A. responsible负责任的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. tough艰难的；D. productive多产的，富有成效的。根据前文“I began to feel lonely and lost.(我开始感到孤独和失落)”可知，作者的心态发生了变化，他感到孤独和失落，所以在科学工作中的效率也越来越低。故选D。
83. 考查动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：那天我在公共汽车站达到了崩溃的地步。A. starting开始；B. breaking打破；C. ending结束；D. boiling炽热的。根据下文中的“I had to end this before it is too late.(我必须结束这一切，否则就太迟了)”可知，作者的情绪已经达到了崩溃的极限，所以才决定要结束一切。故选B。
84. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我给教授们发了一封电子邮件，解释说我长期以来一直把工作放在第一位，把自己放在第二位。A. fame名声；B. honor荣誉；C. partner同伴；D. occupation职业。根据空后的“and myself second”和上文中的“my work life”可知，作者长期以来把工作放在第一位，把自己放在第二位。故选D。
85. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在问候了我几句之后，许多人在邮件中表达了他们学术生活的压力。A. accounts解释，说明；B. jokes玩笑；C. lines字行；D. greetings问候，招呼。根据句中的“in the emails”可知，在同事发来的邮件中，头几行问候了作者的情况。故选C。
86. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：脆弱的研究人员从壳里探出头来寻求帮助。A. belief信念；B. assistance帮助；C. hardship艰难；D. answers回答，答案。根据文章末句中的“asking for help”可知，这里是指寻求帮助。此处作者把研究人员比作带壳的乌龟。故选B。
87. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我突然想到，我们都有痛苦的时候，我们的脆弱似乎是如此相似，我把自己从所有困扰我几天的事情中解放出来。A. choked窒息；B. hesitated犹豫；C. relaxed放松；D. suffered遭受，受苦。根据上文中的“their stress of academic life”和句中的“our vulnerability seemed so much alike”可知，作者和同事都有学术压力，他们的脆弱很相似，所以他们都遭受痛苦。故选D。
88. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. protected保护；B. prevented阻止；C. liberated解放，使自由；D. excused原谅。根据空后的“myself from all that had bothered me for days”可知，作者意识到他们都一样后，他从困扰自己几天的事情中解放出来。故选C。
89. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上它可以是一个双赢的游戏，而不是一方获得而另一方失去。A. Actually事实上；B. Generally通常，一般地；C. Eventually最后；D. Fortunately幸运地。根据空后的“it can be win-win game”可知，作者在此处想强调事实上可以双赢。故选A。
90. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与他人合作并寻求帮助并不意味着我的贡献微不足道；这意味着我们都能成功。A. irregular不规则的；B. improper不正确的；C. illogical不合逻辑的；D. insignificant微不足道的。根据后面分句“it means we can all succeed”可知，与他人合作和寻求帮助让所有人都可以成功，而不会让作者的贡献变得不重要。故选D。(共17张PPT)
夹叙夹议
【要点提示】
要点1 事例→观点 先叙述一件事,然后针对这件事发表自己的看法或揭示生活的真理
要点2 观点→事例 先提出一种观点,然后围绕这一观点用具体事例来说明
要点3 观点→事例→观点 首先提出一种观点,然后用事例说明,最后再进一步阐述自己的观点
【真题示例】
【典例展示】 (2023·全国甲卷改编)
Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer.The first time we__41__there, we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike__42__ its way down the hill toward us.It was a__43__called Mario, coming to__44__us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.It was a very nice__45__for him to make.
But when we looked at the tomatoes we were worried because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, __46__things you get in a supermarket.And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label(标签)on it.These can’t be any__47__, we thought.But we were thankful for his kindness, so we__48__them.
What we discovered is that it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its __49__.
Those tomatoes had the __50__that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child.Nowadays supermarket tomatoes__51__perfect but taste of water.Nobody’s going to have a happy memory of those.It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can __52__them easily.Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was __53__.
It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re__54__and as close as possible to where they were__55__.What Mario had given us was the taste of the Garfagnana.
41.A.waited B.met C.camped D.stayed
42.A.making B.searching C.squeezing D.feeling
43.A.customer B.neighbor C.relative D.passenger
44.A.lend B.send C.bring D.show
45.A.choice B.comment C.promise D.gesture
46.A.simple B.real C.shiny D.fun
47.A.more B.good C.new D.easy
48.A.tried B.sold C.returned D.mixed
49.A.appearance B.quality C.origin D.price
50.A.size B.shape C.color D.taste
51.A.smell B.look C.become D.work
52.A.clean B.check C.count D.pack
53.A.perfect B.useful C.convenient D.familiar
54.A.on view B.on sale C.in season D.in need
55.A.finished B.stored C.found D.grown
【策略分析】
第一步 通读全文,把握主旨要义。
本文是夹叙夹议文。作者回忆了第一次住在Garfagnana 的房子里时,邻居Mario送来了当季的西红柿和自酿酒,虽然品相不好,但味道却很好。
第二步 研读文章,把握记叙和议论两条主线。
主线一:Mario sent us misshapen tomatoes and wine→We ate the tomatoes and drank the wine→Those tomatoes were delicious and the wine was perfect.
主线二:It was a very nice gesture for him to make→They were misshapen and can’t be any good→It’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance→What Mario had given us was the taste of the Garfagnana.
第三步 联系选项,确定夹叙夹议文的考点。
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
动词 动词 名词 动词 名词 形容词 形容词 动词
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 -
名词 名词 动词 动词 形容词 介词短语 动词 -
第四步 挖掘叙事发展信息及论据,逐题试填。
序号 位置 语境信息 答案
41 上文 Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer ______
42 上下文 we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike __42__ its way down the hill toward us ______
43 上文 The first time we __41__there ______
44 下文 a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine ______
D
A
B
C
序号 位置 语境信息 答案
45 上文 It was a__43__called Mario, coming to__44__us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine ______
46 上文 we looked at the tomatoes we were worried because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice ______
47 上文 And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label on it ______
D
C
B
序号 位置 语境信息 答案
48 上文 But we were thankful for his kindness ______
49 下文 Those tomatoes had the __50__that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child ______
50 上文 But we were thankful for his kindness, so we__48__them ______
51 上文 not at all like the nice, round, __46__things you get in a supermarket ______
A
A
D
B
序号 位置 语境信息 答案
52 上文 It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones ______
53 上文 What we discovered is that it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its __49__ ______
54 上文 It’s good to eat things at the correct time ______
55 上文 It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re__54__ ______
D
A
C
D
【技巧归纳】
技巧1 利用首句信息,捕捉文章大意
研读首句 利用段首句提供的信息,去挖掘文章的思路
寻找文章的脉络与线索,展开对文章发展的预测
技巧2 利用逻辑推理,确定语段关系
逻辑 推理 充分利用逻辑连词,深刻体会句段之间的逻辑关系
逻辑 连词 单词(包括连词、副词和少数介词),如and、 but、 or、 because、 though、 however、 yet、 therefore、 otherwise、 despite等
短语,如in other words、 or rather、 in addition、 as a result、 so that、 on the contrary、 instead of等
分句和独立结构,如that is to say、 what is more、 all things considered等
技巧3 利用词汇复现,寻找解题线索
词汇复现 复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等
利用上下文寻找解题信息,确定正确答案
技巧4 利用上下文意,甄别词语差异
甄别词语 选项的设置一般均属于同一词类,有的甚至在意义上也非常接近
在平时记忆单词时,要在例句中把握其用法并能在考试中结合语境,比较四个选项的细微差别,推敲哪一个是最佳答案
技巧5 利用文化常识,轻松选定答案
背景常识 先找出并理解文章的主题和主线,并根据主题猜测细节,注意从重复出现的词语中寻找、体会文章表达的氛围
充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识,巧妙地加以运用
