记叙文
【要点提示】
要点1 句内信息 句内信息的题指的是空格处的答案由设空处所在的句子本身就可确定
要点2 句际信息 句际信息的题指的是空格处的答案是由设空处所在的句子前后的一组句子提供的信息来决定
要点3 语篇信息 语篇信息的题指的是空格处的答案在句内或句际内找不到解题依据,要从其他段落或综合全篇信息才能作答
【真题示例】
【典例分析】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
On Oct.11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.Melanie Bailey should have__41__ the course earlier than she did.Her __42__came because she was carrying a__43__across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her __44__ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.She __45__ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue.Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with __46__.She couldn’t.Bailey then __47__ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __48__ attention.
Once there, Lenoue was __49__ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.She would have struggled with extreme __50__ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more__51__ about why her act is considered a big __52__.“She was just crying.I couldn’t __53__ her,” Bailey told the reporter.“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the __54__, they’ve since become friends.Neither won the race, but the __55__ of human kindness won the day.
41.A.designed B.followed C.changed D.finished
42.A.delay B.chance C.trouble D.excuse
43.A.judge B.volunteer C.classmate D.competitor
44.A.race B.school C.town D.training
45.A.agreed B.returned C.stopped D.promised
46.A.courage B.aid C.patience D.advice
47.A.went away B.stood up C.stepped aside D.bent down
48.A.medical B.public C.constant D.equal
49.A.interrupted B.assessed C.identified D.appreciated
50.A.hunger B.pain C.cold D.tiredness
51.A.worried B.ashamed C.confused D.discouraged
52.A.game B.problem C.lesson D.deal
53.A.leave B.cure C.bother D.understand
54.A.ride B.test C.meet D.show
55.A.secret B.display C.benefit D.exchange
【策略分析】
第一步 通读全文,从宏观上把握记叙文的脉络。
本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了Bailey在跑步比赛中不顾自身成绩,帮助受伤的另一名参赛者Lenoue一起到达终点的故事,表达了对这种善良友爱行为的赞美。
通过掌握记叙文的六要素,进而把握故事的发生、发展和结局。
When on Oct.11
Where in a cross-country race in Minnesota
Who Melanie Bailey;Danielle Lenoue
What Bailey helped Lenoue who was crying on the way
Why Lenoue was badly injured
How The two young women became friends later
第二步 细读文章,从微观上破解三大层次题。
41.【句际信息】根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet...”可知,Bailey在比赛中背着一名参赛者,所以完成比赛晚了,因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛”。 design设计;follow跟随;change改变;
finish完成。故选__D__。
42.【语篇信息】根据第二段可知,Bailey在比赛中背着一名参赛者,所以完成比赛晚了。此处表示:她的延迟是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。delay延误;
chance机会;trouble麻烦;excuse借口。故选__A__。
43.【句际信息】根据第一段第一句中的competed以及第二段中的runner可知此处表示一名参赛者。judge裁判;volunteer志愿者;classmate同学;competitor参赛者。故选__D__。
44.【句际信息】根据第一段“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”中的race可知,此处是说“当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候”。故选__A__。
45.【句内信息】根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知,她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。agree同意; return回来; stop停止; promise答应。故选__C__。
46.【句内信息】根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知,此处表示看她是否能在她的帮助下向前走。courage勇气;aid帮助;patience耐心; advice建议。故选__B__。
47.【句内信息】根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知,Bailey弯下腰,让Lenoue爬到她的背上。go away离开; stand up站起来;step aside让路;bend down弯腰。故选__D__。
48.【句际信息】根据上文“began crying in pain”可知,Danielle Lenoue很疼,所以是要接受医疗救助。medical医疗的;public公众的;constant持续不断的;equal平等的。medical attention意为“医疗救助”。故选__A__。
49.【句内信息】根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知,她是先接受了检查,再被送往医院,也就是先接受评估。interrupt打断;assess评估;identify识别; appreciate感激,欣赏。故选__B__。
50.【句际信息】根据第二段“a runner in front of her began crying in pain”中的pain可知,此处指:如果没有Bailey的帮助,她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。故选__B__。
51.【句际信息】根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知,Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情,所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑。 worried担心的;ashamed惭愧的;confused困惑的;discouraged泄气的。故选__C__。
52.【句内信息】句意:至于Bailey,她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。game游戏;problem问题; lesson课;deal交易,局面。a big deal意为“非常重要的事”。故选__D__。
53.【句际信息】上文提到“She was just crying”以及Lenoue爬到Bailey的背上,
Bailey一路背着她走到终点线,然后又走了300英尺。由此可知,Bailey看见Lenoue哭,所以觉得不能离开她。leave离开;cure治愈;bother打扰;understand理解。故选__A__。
54.【句际信息】根据第一段On Oct.11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.中的race以及空后面句子中的race可知,此处指比赛。ride短途旅程;test测试;meet体育比赛;show展示。故选__C__。
55.【句际信息】根据第二段的“let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ______
attention”可知,Bailey背着一个参赛者冲过终点,并背她去接受检查,这展示了人类的善良。secret秘密;display展示;benefit利益;exchange交换。故选__B__。
第三步 重读文章,从逻辑和语境上修正错误。
初选以后,代入答案,重读文章,把有违上下文逻辑关系和语境线索的错误改正过来。
【技巧归纳】
技巧1 句内信息题
句内信息考查的大多是词组间的意义搭配,而句子是由词组构成的,因此答案必须置于句子语境中才能确定。
句内 信息题 利用词汇线索解题。包括原词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等
利用固定搭配解题。包括习惯搭配、地道习惯用语及固定句型等
技巧2 句际信息题
句际信息只根据词组内部的单词间的搭配就可确定答案。
句际 信息题 利用逻辑关系解题。包括因果关系、转折关系、对比关系、递进关系、让步关系等
利用语境暗示解题。多为后面暗示前面,有些填空线索不清楚、语境不明确,需要找到后面的某个暗示
技巧3 语篇信息题
语篇信息需要结合上下文,分析句与句、段与段的逻辑关系,甚至根据全文主旨大意和篇章结构来确定答案。
语篇 信息题 利用作者态度和情感色彩解题。找出能够反映作者态度和情感色彩的重要词汇,一般是名词、动词、形容词和副词
利用生活常识和文化背景解题。充分利用社会文化知识和生活常识进行分析判断,迅速解题
【拓展演练】
1
Glen Edwards became a hero when he rescued a construction worker trapped on top of a 160-meter-high building.
As a crane (吊车) 1 working on a construction site, Edwards 2 found himself in a life-saving mission when a fire broke out. He recalled how he 3 the trapped worker from his crane’s cabin (驾驶舱), and how he came up with the idea of saving the man by lowerin a cage to him to let him 4 .
However, his attempt to 5 the cage before the man was by no means an easy job, as each post (弹) of wind prevented to throw his crane off balance. Besides, the smoke and flames also added to the difficulty. 6 the great challenges, Edwards refused to give up and fought to 7 control. Luckily, someone on the ground offered 8 on where to land the cage through a radio. Edwards 9 the crane’s movements, inch by inch, until the cage hanged (盘旋) just inches from the edge of the 10 . With determination, Edwards successfully landed the cage.
Eventually, Edwards watched the cage 11 the man away from the horrible fire below and lowering him to safety. The crowd 12 a big round of applause, a tribute (致敬) to the courage and skill 13 by Edwards. He knew that his quick thinking and strong 14 had made all the difference between life and death in the face of disaster.
A GoFundMe page has now been set up to raise money for him —— with organizers 15 people to “buy Glen a beer” for his life-saving efforts.
1. A. engineer B. operator C. cleaner D. salesman
2. A. regularly B. unfortunately C. intentionally D. unexpectedly
3. A. helped B. spotted C. realized D. guided
4. A. escape B. hide C. walk D. slide
5. A. clean B. cover C. position D. open
6. A. Despite B. Without C. For D. From
7. A. switch B. maintain C. lose D. give
8. A. instructions B. problems C. explanations D. courses
9. A. quickened B. described C. adjusted D. repeated
10. A. door B. garden C. crane D. roof
11. A. persuading B. lifting C. warning D. dragging
12. A. went through B. put on C. asked for D. broke into
13. A. displayed B. admitted C. exchanged D. required
14. A. preference B. response C. emotion D. determination
15. A. choosing B. encouraging C. ordering D. teaching
2
Good news came from Killington. In a challenging 16 that unfolded in 2024, the police department, along with the search and rescue team, 17 rescued 23 lost skiers and snowboarders. It was a remarkable 18 of teamwork and commitment.
The police department received a call at 2: 30 pm informing them of 7-9 lost individuals in the woods. However, as the officers, 19 with the search and rescue team, dug into the investigation, they 20 a more extensive situation involving a total of 21 last individuals. They set off instantly.
21 frosty temperatures, the rescuers hiked and snowshoed about 5 miles to reach the trapped skiers and snowboarders. They tripped and 22 their knees. But their goal was 23 : find everyone and bring them to safety. Finally, they did it.
Just when the rescuers thought their mission was 24 , an additional call came in for two more lost skiers. Without any 25 , six of the rescuers reentered the woods. They 26 and accompanied the lost to safety, 27 the highly organized activity at about 7: 30 pm.
The rescuers went to great 28 to ensure the safety and well-being of others. The 29 of these selfless individuals illustrated the true spirit of community. The police department 30 special thanks to all involved.
16. A. investigation B. operation C. examination D. discussion
17. A. successfully B. fortunately C. apparently D. accidentally
18. A. celebration B. adventure C. exchange D. display
19. A. breaking up B. putting up C. teaming up D. catching up
20. A. changed B. evaluated C. controlled D. uncovered
21. A. Braving B. Avoiding C. Checking D. Measuring
22. A. touched B. skinned C. hugged D. bent
23. A. distant B. common C. clear D. high
24. A. complete B. significant C. temporary D. challenging
25. A. doubt B. difficulty C. hesitation D. anxiety
26. A. visited B. located C. persuaded D. encouraged
27. A. concluding B. choosing C. attending D. recording
28. A. tasks B. lengths C. ranges D. choices
29. A. beliefs B. tests C. efforts D. dreams
30. A. deserved B. received C. expected D. extended
3
A dog named Kobe became a hero by finding a gas leak in his owner’s front yard. The dog’s action underlined the importance of paying attention to the 31 of our companions.
The story began when Kobe, owned by Chanell Bell, was 32 digging a sizable hole in the yard. Initially 33 it as typical dog behavior, Bell grew 34 as the hole expanded. 35 that Kobe’s action was unusual, she 36 the dog’s judgment, given his normally well-behaved nature.
Following the 37 and repair of a recent gas leak in her home, Bell 38 her house with a gas detection device. She assessed Kobe’s 39 dug hole using the device. The device detected gas coming from the hole, so Bell contacted the authorities about the 40 .
“If the gas had continued to leak into our homes,” said Bell, “something as 41 as a light switch turning on could have caused an explosion!”
Workers discovered three main leaks in Bell’s neighborhood caused by aging pipes. It took the workers over three days to repair the leaks and 42 new pipes. Bell said, “Kobe 43 them as an exceptionally outstanding dog. It feels amazing to know Kobe went to that kind of 44 to save our block. Humans and animals can, should and must enjoy each other’s 45 . I am very thankful to have Kobe.”
31. A. attitude B. health C. behavior D. performance
32. A. delayed B. suggested C. spotted D. finished
33. A. regarding B. studying C. doubting D. accepting
34. A. astonished B. concerned C. annoyed D. determined
35. A. Declaring B. Assuming C. Recognizing D. Remembering
36. A. trusted B. respected C. used D. admired
37. A. description B. association C. instruction D. identification
38. A. decorated B. equipped C. restored D. protected
39. A. secretly B. originally C. freshly D. carefully
40. A. plan B. reaction C. device D. issue
41. A. simple B. typical C. sudden D. dangerous
42. A. check on B. set up C. put aside D. take over
43. A. served B. defined C. reminded D. struck
44. A. place B. trouble C. extreme D. change
45. A. company B. diversity C. achievement D. gratitude
4
My life is full and active taking care of my grandson. But weeks ago, he headed for an overseas holiday, I was left feeling 46 and lost. I needed something extraordinary to lift my 47 .
Then one day, I entered the Coffee Club near my home and 48 a cup of coffee. I settled into a comfortable sofa, 49 tasting the delicious drink. After a while, I approached the waitress and handed her my 50 . She smiled and said, “That’s already been paid for.”
I looked at her in 51 . “Really ” Then she said the words I’ll never forget. “It was a 52 of kindness, and it happens a lot.”
I was shocked. I never really 53 these things though I had heard about them. Today, I 54 it firsthand. Good, kind people are out there in the world. And they 55 when you need them most. I left home this morning feeling, somewhat lost. I returned with a 56 in my step, excited about sharing my story and 57 the kindness.
Two weeks later, I paid for a girl in the Coffee Club. The only thing is, this time, the Coffee Club did it 58 . The waiter pointed me out. She couldn’t believe it and 59 me. I simply smiled, explaining that I was passing on the 60 I’d received not long ago.
46. A. embarrassed B. flat C. patient D. content
47. A. sights B. fortunes C. spirits D. voices
48. A. mixed B. ordered C. prepared D. served
49. A. awkwardly B. confidently C. restlessly D. leisurely
50. A. bill B. receipt C. drink D. license
51. A. desperation B. relief C. surprise D. shame
52. A. test B. gesture C. feeling D. power
53. A. believed B. enjoyed C. refused D. inquired
54. A. pursued B. avoided C. confirmed D. experienced
55. A. hang around B. break in C. show up D. move on
56. A. pain B. load C. drag D. spring
57. A. repaying B. evaluating C. shaping D. delaying
58. A. secretly B. regularly C. differently D. casually
59. A. puzzled B. rejected C. comforted D. thanked
60. A. courage B. kindness C. respect D. honor
5
I was learning at Western University in London when I was 20 years old, and it was my third year there. I had 61 a course in the Department of English taught by Donald S. Hair.
A few weeks into the class, the professor 62 our first test. I didn’t think I had anything to worry about — until he handed my exam back the following week with a 67 written on it in red ink.
Sixty-seven! I’d never received such a low mark. I was dependent on a 63 , and any grade below 80 put my future in trouble. My seatmate’s annoyed expression suggested her mark had been painful too. It 64 us: Professor Hair was an old weirdo (怪人)! How dare he 65 our GPAs What was the old boy’s problem, anyway
But the real problem was this: He was right. I knew it as soon as I’d 66 off and taken the time to digest his 67 . My writing was careless, my understanding of key concepts 68 . Like many of my partners, I was used to earning top grades. Now, for the first time, a teacher had introduced an uncomfortable question. Were we actually “ 69 ” them
The next day, I went to his office. With burning cheeks, I told him I knew I’d 70 the exam. To my 71 , he wasn’t a “weirdo” in the least. He was funny, warm and 72 patient. He assured me if I worked hard, I’d achieve my 73 in the course, and he’d be available to help me.
I went away, reading and reading some more. The more I read, the more interesting his classes became, and soon, his complex, absorbing lectures were the 74 of my week. I spared no effort in that course. The grade I earned in his class was the lowest I’d received that year. But I had earned that grade. Nearly 30 years later, I’m still 75 of that.
61. A. checked in B. registered for C. logged on D. took up
62. A. took B. specified C. clarified D. organized
63. A. scholarship B. victory C. score D. recognition
64. A. whistled B. resolved C. angered D. surveyed
65. A. drill B. ruin C. remind D. alarm
66. A. cooled B. dropped C. took D. broken
67. A. honesty B. fairness C. complaint D. comments
68. A. shallow B. dramatic C. severe D. resistant
69. A. passing B. possessing C. earning D. holding
70. A. transformed B. overtaken C. overcame D. bombed
71. A. surprise B. curiosity C. confusion D. regret
72. A. slightly B. uncommonly C. unavoidably D. casually
73. A. dream B. potential C. submission D. reputation
74. A. pursuit B. struggle C. highlight D. meaning
75. A. shy B. suspicious C. guilty D. proud
6
“Anybody has a bandage (绷带) ” a voice echoed (回荡) down the dorm hallway.
In the first week at college, we were all 76 some “forgetfulness”. I 77 to bring snacks for late nights. A poor girl in the dorm 78 forgot bandages. We all felt 79 , more or less.
Several months before, I sat at my high school graduation party admiring my 80 : sewing items, desk supplies, etc.—all well-intended and well-received. They would demonstrate their givers’ 81 over and over during my college life.
But one gift struck me as 82 . Medical package When I 83 it, a small packet of pills and creams lay within the wrappings. I frowned (皱眉头). Who would give that as a present
I barely thought about that 84 until “anybody has a bandage ” rang out in the dormitory hall that day.
“Actually, I have one.” I 85 .
As I 86 the kit, my new dorm-mate struck up a conversation with me.
Soon, more 87 from my dorm-mates for medicine for mosquito bites or a slight headache and so on came. As cold season approached, many needed cough drops. Each girl 88 for a few moments.
The little gift I had 89 initially now led me toward new friendships. As it broke fevers, it also broke the ice, allowing me to meet and 90 many in the dorm building.
76. A. valuing B. anticipating C. experiencing D. assessing
77. A. failed B. attempted C. hesitated D. promised
78. A. intentionally B. apparently C. naturally D. frequently
79. A. out of shape B. out of place C. out of focus D. out of date
80. A. products B. rewards C. purchases D. gifts
81. A. thoughtfulness B. selflessness C. laziness D. seriousness
82. A. cheap B. strange C. practical D. adorable
83. A. unpacked B. lifted C. delivered D. decorated
84. A. requirement B. school C. desk D. package
85. A. suggested B. explained C. replied D. commented
86. A. put away B. dug out C. took apart D. picked out
87. A. orders B. praises C. requests D. complaints
88. A. helped B. rested C. chatted D. waited
89. A. questioned B. appreciated C. selected D. benefited
90. A. rescue B. transform C. recognize D. befriend
参考答案
1
1. B 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. D 11. B 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一名起重机操作员Glen Edwards在一次建筑工地火灾中英勇救援一名被困工人的事迹，描述了他的救援过程和所面临的困难，以及他成功救出被困工人的结果。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名在建筑工地工作的起重机操作员，当一场火灾发生时，Edwards意外地发现自己正在执行一项拯救生命的任务。A. engineer工程师；B. operator操作人员；C. cleaner清洁工；D. salesman推销员。根据后文“working on a construction site”可知，Edwards在建筑工地工作，所以应是起重机操作员。故选B项。
2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：作为一名在建筑工地工作的起重机操作员，当一场火灾发生时，Edwards意外地发现自己正在执行一项拯救生命的任务。A. regularly经常；B. unfortunately不幸地；C. intentionally故意；D. unexpectedly意外地。根据后文“found himself in a life-saving mission when a fire broke out”可知，Edwards本是一名在建筑工地工作的起重机操作员，确发现自己正在执行一项拯救生命的任务，所以应是意外地。故选D项。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他回忆起他是如何从吊车的船舱里发现被困工人的，以及他是如何想出救他的主意的，他把一个笼子放下来让他逃跑。A. helped帮助；B. spotted发现；C. realized认识到；D. guided指导。根据后文“the trapped worker from his crane’s cabin”可知，从吊车的船舱里应是发现被困工人。故选B项。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他回忆起他是如何从吊车的船舱里发现被困工人的，以及他是如何想出救他的主意的，他把一个笼子放下来让他逃跑。A. escape逃跑；B. hide隐藏；C. walk步行；D. slide滑动。根据前文“how he came up with the idea of saving the man”可知，Edwards救了被困的工人，所以应是把一个笼子放下来让他逃出火场。故选A项。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，他想在那个男人面前把笼子摆放到位的尝试绝非易事，因为每一阵风都会把他的起重机吹得失去平衡。A. clean打扫；B. cover覆盖；C. position安置，使处于；D. open打开。根据后文“as each post (弹) of wind prevented to throw his crane off balance. Besides, the smoke and flames also added to the difficulty”可知，风会让起重机失去平衡，在加上烟雾和火焰让视野不好，所以应是把笼子摆放到位的尝试绝非易事。故选C项。
6. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管面临巨大的挑战，Edwards拒绝放弃，并为保持控制权而斗争。A. Despite尽管；B. Without没有；C. For为了；D. From来自。根据后文“the great challenges, Edwards refused to give up”可知，此处表达“虽然，尽管”之意，用Despite引导让步状语。故选A项。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管面临巨大的挑战，Edwards拒绝放弃，并为保持控制权而斗争。A. switch转换；B. maintain保持；C. lose失去；D. give给。根据前文“However, his attempt to 5 the cage before the man was by no means an easy job”以及“Edwards refused to give up”可知，他想在那个男人面前把笼子摆放到位的尝试绝非易事，但是Edwards不想放弃，所以是为保持控制权而斗争。故选B项。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，地面上有人通过无线电指示在哪里降落笼子。A. instructions指示；B. problems问题；C. explanations解释；D. courses课程。根据后文“on where to land the cage through a radio”可知，通过无线电，应是指示在哪里降落笼子。故选A项。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Edwards一寸一寸地调整起重机的动作，直到笼子悬挂在离屋顶边缘只有几英寸的地方。A. quickened加快；B. described描述；C. adjusted调整；D. repeated重复。根据后文“inch by inch, until the cage hanged (盘旋) just inches from the edge of the 10 .”可知，应是Edwards一寸一寸地调整起重机的动作。故选C项。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Edwards一寸一寸地调整起重机的动作，直到笼子悬挂在离屋顶边缘只有几英寸的地方。A. door门；B. garden花园；C. crane起重机；D. roof屋顶。根据前文“Glen Edwards became a hero when he rescued a construction worker trapped on top of a 160-meter-high building.”可知，工人被困在楼顶，所以应是笼子悬挂在离屋顶边缘只有几英寸的地方。故选D项。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，Edwards看着笼子把这个人从下面可怕的大火中抬了出来，把他送到了安全的地方。A. persuading说服；B. lifting吊起；C. warning警告；D. dragging拖。根据前文“Edwards 9 the crane’s movements, inch by inch, until the cage hanged (盘旋) just inches from the edge of the 10 .”可知，Edwards用起重机把笼子悬挂在离屋顶边缘只有几英寸的地方，所以，应是看着笼子把这个人从下面可怕的大火中抬了出来。故选B项。
12. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：人群中爆发出一阵热烈的掌声，这是对Edwards表现出的勇气和技巧的赞扬。A. went through通过；B. put on穿上；C. asked for请求；D. broke into突然开始做（某事）。根据后文“a tribute (致敬) to the courage and skill 13 by Edwards.”可知，人们对Edwards致敬，所以应是爆发热烈的掌声。故选D项。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人群中爆发出一阵热烈的掌声，这是对Edwards表现出的勇气和技巧的赞扬。A. displayed显示；B. admitted承认；C. exchanged交换；D. required需要。根据前文“a tribute (致敬) to the courage and skill”可知，应是对Edwards表现出的勇气和技巧的赞扬。故选A项。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他知道，在面对灾难时，正是他敏捷的思维和坚定的决心在生死之间起到了决定性的作用。A. preference偏爱；B. response响应；C. emotion情感；D. determination决心。根据前文“He knew that his quick thinking and”可知，空处应和前文的thinking对应，结合选项，应是他敏捷的思维和坚定的决心符合语境。故选D项。
15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：组织者鼓励人们“请Glen喝杯啤酒”，以感谢他的救命之恩，现在已经建立了一个GoFundMe页面为他筹集资金。A. choosing选择；B. encouraging鼓励；C. ordering命令；D. teaching教育。根据前文“A GoFundMe page has now been set up to raise money for him”可知，组织者建立了一个GoFundMe页面为他筹集资金，所以是鼓励人们“请Glen喝杯啤酒”。故选B项。
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16. B 17. A 18. D 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Killington警察部门与搜救队一起成功救出了23名失踪的滑雪者和滑雪板运动员。
16. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在2024年展开的一项具有挑战性的行动中，警察部门与搜救队一起成功救出了23名失踪的滑雪者和滑雪板运动员。A. investigation调查；B. operation行动；C. examination检查；D. discussion讨论。根据后文“the police department, along with the search and rescue team”此处指警察局和搜救队共同展开了一场搜救行动。故选B。
17. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在2024年展开的一项具有挑战性的行动中，警察部门与搜救队一起成功救出了23名失踪的滑雪者和滑雪板运动员。A. successfully成功地；B. fortunately幸运地；C. apparently显然；D. accidentally意外地。根据首句中的“Good news”和下文内容可知， 在此次搜救行动中， 警察局和搜救队成功地营救出了23名失踪的滑雪者。故选A。
18. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是团队精神和奉献精神的非凡表现。A. celebration庆祝；B. adventure冒险；C. exchange交换；D. display展示。根据下文内容可知，警察和搜救队不畏严寒，成功营救出了失踪人员，这场搜救行动是团队合作和奉献精神的卓越展现。故选D。
19. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，当警官们与搜救队一起深入调查时，他们发现了一个涉及21人的更广泛的情况。A. breaking up分手；B. putting up张贴；C. teaming up合作；D. catching up赶上。根据后文“with the search and rescue team”指警察与搜救队联手深入调查，他们更全面地了解了情况，总共有21人失踪。故选C。
20. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当警官们与搜救队一起深入调查时，他们发现了一个涉及21人的更广泛的情况。A. changed改变；B. evaluated评估；C. controlled控制；D. uncovered发现。根据上文“dug into the investigation”可知， 警察与搜救队深入调查， 发现共有21人失踪。故选D。
21. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：冒着严寒，救援人员徒步5英里到达被困的滑雪者和单板滑雪者身边。A. Braving勇敢面对；B. Avoiding避免；C. Checking检查；D. Measuring测量。搜救人员冒着严寒， 徒步约5英里到达被困的滑雪者身边。brave在此作动词，意为“勇敢面对，冒(风险)，经受(困难)”。故选A。
22. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们绊了一跤，擦破了膝盖。A. touched触碰；B. skinned擦伤；C. hugged拥抱；D. bent弯曲。根据上文“They tripped and”指摔倒擦破了膝盖。故选B。
23. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他们的目标很明确：找到每个人，把他们带到安全的地方。A. distant遥远的；B. common共同的；C. clear清楚的；D. high高的。根据后文“find everyone and bring them to safety”可知他们的目标很明确。故选C。
24. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在救援人员认为他们的任务已经完成的时候，又有接到了报告两个失踪滑雪者的电话。A. complete完成的；B. significant重要的；C. temporary暂时的；D. challenging挑战性的。根据上文“Just when the rescuers thought their mission was”指就在搜救人员以为他们的任务已经完成时，他们又接到了一个电话，称在偏远地区还有两名失踪的滑雪者。故选A。
25. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：六名救援人员毫不犹豫地重新进入了树林。A. doubt怀疑；B. difficulty困难；C. hesitation犹豫；D. anxiety焦虑。根据后文“six of the rescuers reentered the woods”指六名救援人员毫不犹豫地重新进入了树林。故选C。
26. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们找到并陪伴失踪者到安全的地方，在晚上7点30分左右结束了这个组织严密的活动。A. visited参观；B. located确定……的位置；C. persuaded说服；D. encouraged鼓励。根据后文“and accompanied the lost to safety”可知，救援人员找到并陪伴失踪者到安全的地方，故选B。
27. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们找到并陪伴失踪者到安全的地方，在晚上7点30分左右结束了这个组织严密的活动。A. concluding结束；B. choosing选择；C. attending参加；D. recording记录。根据上文可知他们找到了失踪者，在晚上结束了搜救活动。故选A。
28. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：救援人员竭尽全力确保他人的安全和福祉。A. tasks任务；B. lengths长度，程度；C. ranges范围；D. choices选择。此处搜救人员竭尽全力确保他人的安全和健康。go to great lengths to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“竭尽全力做某事，不遗余力做某事”。故选B。
29. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些无私的人的努力体现了真正的社区精神。A. beliefs信念；B. tests测试；C. efforts努力；D. dreams梦想。根据搜救队的先后两次搜救行动以及他们不畏严寒、不畏困难的表现可知，这些无私奉献者的努力（efforts）体现了真正的社区精神。故选C。
30. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：警察局对所有相关人员表示了特别的感谢。A. deserved值得；B. received收到；C. expected期待；D. extended表达，延伸。根据后文“special thanks to all involved”指向所有相关人员表示了特别的感谢。故选D。
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31. C 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. C 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. D 41. A 42. B 43. D 44. B 45. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了了狗狗科比挖洞发现燃气泄漏，主人察觉异样后用检测器确认并报警，避免了潜在爆炸危险，彰显动物行为值得关注，人与宠物间互救互助的珍贵情谊。
31. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这只狗的行为强调了关注我们同伴行为的重要性。A. attitude态度；B. health健康；C. behavior行为；D. performance表现。根据前文的“The dog’s action underlined the importance of paying attention to the ”可知，此处讲述的是科比的行为揭示了一个重要性，即关注宠物的行为，因此behavior最符合语境。故选C项。
32. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：故事开始于科比被主人香奈儿·贝尔发现正在院子里挖一个大洞的时候。A. delayed延迟；B. suggested建议；C. spotted发现；D. finished完成。根据后文的“digging a sizable hole in the yard”可知，主人贝尔发现狗狗科比正在院子里挖一个大洞，这里需要一个动词表示“发现”。故选C项。
33. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：起初，贝尔认为这是典型的狗的行为，随着洞越来越大，贝尔变得担心起来。A. regarding看待；B. studying学习；C. doubting怀疑；D. accepting接受。根据前文的“it as typical dog behavior”可知，起初，贝尔认为这是典型的狗的行为，“regarding ... as”是一个固定搭配，意思是“把……视为”，符合此处贝尔最初对科比行为的看法。故选A项。
34. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：起初，贝尔认为这是典型的狗的行为，随着洞越来越大，贝尔变得担心起来。A. astonished惊讶；B. concerned担忧，担心；C. annoyed恼怒；D. determined决心。根据后文的“as the hole expanded”可知，随着洞越来越大，贝尔应该是从不以为然转为担心，concerned表达了这种情绪变化。故选B项。
35. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：意识到科比的行为不寻常，鉴于它平时表现良好，她相信了科比的判断。A. Declaring宣布；B. Assuming假设；C. Recognizing意识到；D. Remembering记得。根据前文的“Kobe’s action was unusual”可知，贝尔意识到科比行为异常。故选C项。
36. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：意识到科比的行为不寻常，鉴于它平时表现良好，她相信了科比的判断。A. trusted信任；B. respected尊敬；C. used使用；D. admired钦佩。根据后文的“given his normally well-behaved nature”可知，因为科比平时表现好，所以贝尔选择了信任科比的举动。故选A项。
37. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在发现并修复了最近发生在她家里的煤气泄漏后，贝尔在她的房子里安装了煤气探测装置。A. description描述；B. association联系；C. instruction指导；D. identification识别。根据后文的“and repair of a recent gas leak in her home”可知，本空与repair并列，表明是先识别到问题再进行修复，identification指的是“识别”。故选D项。
38. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在发现并修复了最近发生在她家里的煤气泄漏后，贝尔在她的房子里装备了煤气探测装置。A. decorated装饰；B. equipped装备；C. restored恢复；D. protected保护。根据前文的“her house with a gas detection device”可知，贝尔在她的房子里装备了煤气探测装置，equipped搭配with表示“装备，配备”，符合使用气体检测装置的情境。故选B项。
39. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她用这个装置检查了科比刚挖的洞。A. secretly秘密地；B. originally起初；C. freshly新近地；D. carefully仔细地。根据后文的“dug hole using the device”可知，她用这个装置检查了科比刚挖的洞，freshly表示“新近地”，形容科比刚刚挖的洞。故选C项。
40. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：设备检测到洞里有气体泄露，于是贝尔联系了相关部门报告这个问题。A. plan计划；B. reaction反应；C. device装置；D. issue问题。根据前文的“The device detected gas coming from the hole, so Bell contacted the authorities about the”可知，设备检测到洞里有气体泄露，即煤气泄露的问题。故选D项。
41. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“如果燃气继续泄漏到我们的家里，”贝尔说，“像电灯开关打开这样简单的事情就可能引起爆炸！”A. simple简单的；B. typical典型的；C. sudden突然的；D. dangerous危险的。根据后文的“as a light switch turning on could have caused an explosion”可知，此处强调即使是小事、简单的事情也可能造成严重后果。故选A项。
42. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：工人们花了三天多的时间来修复泄露并安装新管道。A. check on检查；B. set up安装，建立；C. put aside放在一边；D. take over接管。根据后文的“new pipes”可知，修复后安装新管道。故选B项。
43. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：科比给他们的印象是一只非常出色的狗。A. served服务；B. defined定义；C. reminded提醒；D. struck给（某人以……）印象。根据后文的“them as an exceptionally outstanding dog”可知，科比通过挖洞示警，拯救了街区。在工人们眼里，Kobe 是一只非常出色的狗。strike sb.as sth.表示“给某人以……印象”。故选D项。
44. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道科比为了拯救我们的街区而费了那么大的劲，我们感到很不可思议。A. place地点；B. trouble麻烦；C. extreme极端；D. change变化。根据第二段中的“digging a sizable hole”和“as the hole expanded”可知，科比挖了一个相当大的洞，所以此处是说科比 费了那么大劲来拯救街区。go to the trouble to do sth.表示“不辞辛劳/不怕麻烦/费心做某事”。故选B项。
45. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人类和动物可以、应该并且必须享受彼此的陪伴。A. company陪伴；B. diversity多样性；C. achievement成就；D. gratitude感激。根据首段中的“The dog’s action underlined the importance of paying attention to the 1 of our companions.”和下文中的“I am very thankful to have Kobe”可知，全文强调人与动物的和谐相处，所以此处表示人类和动物能够、应该而且必须享受彼此的陪伴。此处与第一段中的companions相对应。故选A项。
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46. B 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. A 51. C 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. C 56. D 57. A 58. C 59. D 60. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为了提振精神来到咖啡馆喝咖啡，结账时被告知已经有人付过款了，于是作者将这种善举传递下去，两周后为一个女孩也付了钱。
46. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但几周前，他去海外度假了，我感到很沮丧，很失落。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. flat平的，缺乏热情的；C. patient耐心的；D. content满意的。根据上文“My life is full and active taking care of my grandson. But weeks ago, he headed for an overseas holiday”可知，孙子让作者的生活充实而积极，但是几周前孙子去度假了，因此作者感到对生活失去热情，很失落。故选B。
47. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我需要一些特别的东西来提振我的精神。A. sights风景；B. fortunes运气；C. spirits精神；D. voices嗓音。根据上文“and lost”以及“I needed something extraordinary to lift my”可知，作者因为孙子的离开而失落，所以需要一些特别的东西来提振精神。故选C。
48. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后有一天，我走进我家附近的一家咖啡俱乐部，点了一杯咖啡。A. mixed混合；B. ordered命令、点餐；C. prepared准备；D. served服务。根据上文“I entered the Coffee Club near my home and”可知，作者去了咖啡店点了一杯咖啡。故选B。
49. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我坐在舒适的沙发上，悠闲地品尝着美味的咖啡。A. awkwardly尴尬地；B. confidently自信地；C. restlessly不安地；D. leisurely从容地、悠闲地。根据上文“I settled into a comfortable sofa”可知，作者坐在舒适的沙发上，悠闲地品尝咖啡。故选D。
50. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：过了一会儿，我走到女服务员跟前，把账单递给她。A. bill账单；B. receipt收据；C. drink饮料；D. license执照。根据后文“She smiled and said, “That’s already been paid for.”(她笑着说：“已经付过钱了。”)”可知，作者是把账单递给服务员，想要结账。故选A。
51. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我惊讶地看着她。A. desperation绝望；B. relief安慰；C. surprise惊讶；D. shame羞愧。根据后文“Really ”得知自己的咖啡有人付过钱了，作者感到惊讶。后文“I was shocked.”也是提示。故选C。
52. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这是一种善意的表示，这种事经常发生。”A. test测试；B. gesture姿势，表示；C. feeling感觉；D. power力量。根据上文可知，有人为作者的咖啡付了钱，所以是善意的表示。故选B。
53. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我听说过这些事情，但我从来没有真正相信过。A. believed相信；B. enjoyed欣赏；C. refused拒绝；D. inquired询问。根据后文“these things though I had heard about them”指作者不敢相信这样的事发生在自己身上。故选A。
54. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：今天，我亲身经历了。A. pursued追求；B. avoided避免；C. confirmed确认；D. experienced经历。上文提到有人为作者的咖啡付钱了，即作者亲身经历了他人的善举。故选D。
55. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们会在你最需要的时候出现。A. hang around闲逛；B. break in闯入；C. show up出现；D. move on继续。根据上文“Good, kind people are out there in the world.(世界上有善良善良的人)”指善良的人会在人需要帮助的时候出现。故选C。
56. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我迈着轻快的步伐回来了，兴奋地想要分享我的故事并回报别人的好意。A. pain痛苦；B. load负载；C. drag累赘；D. spring活力，春天。根据后文“excited about sharing my story”可知，他人的善举让作者恢复了活力，迈着轻快的步伐回家了。故选D。
57. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我迈着轻快的步伐回来了，兴奋地想要分享我的故事并回报别人的好意。A. repaying回报；B. evaluating评估；C. shaping塑造；D. delaying推迟。根据后文“Two weeks later, I paid for a girl in the Coffee Club.(两周后，我在咖啡俱乐部为一个女孩买了单)”可知，作者想要回报他人的好意。故选A。
58. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：唯一的问题是，这一次，咖啡俱乐部的做法有所不同。A. secretly秘密地；B. regularly定期地；C. differently不同地；D. casually随意地。根据后文“The waiter pointed me out.”可知，这一次服务员告知了女孩是谁付的钱，即与之前的做法不同。故选C。
59. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她简直不敢相信，向我道谢。A. puzzled使困惑；B. rejected拒绝；C. comforted安慰；D. thanked感谢。作者为女孩付了钱，对方应该是感谢作者。故选D。
60. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是笑了笑，解释说我是在把不久前收到的好意转达给她。A. courage勇气；B. kindness善良；C. respect尊重；D. honor荣誉。根据上文“the kindness”以及后文“I’d received not long ago”此处指传递作者收到的好意。故选B。
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61. B 62. D 63. A 64. C 65. B 66. A 67. D 68. A 69. C 70. D 71. A 72. B 73. B 74. C 75. D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者作为一个引以为傲的优等生，在大三那年遇到一位教授给自己的英语测试打出了历史最低分。经过反思，作者找出了自己的症结并得到教授的帮助从而不断努力获得了理想的分数，也意识到脚踏实地，勤奋努力的重要性。
61. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我在英语系注册了一门由Donald S. Hair教授的课程。A. checked in登记入住；B. registered for注册；C. logged on登录；D. took up从事。根据后文“a course”可知，作者注册了一门课程。故选B项。
62. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：上课几周后，教授组织了我们的第一次考试。A. took带走；B. specified指定；C. clarified澄清；D. organized组织。根据前文“A few weeks into the class”及后文“our first test”可知，几周后，教授组织了第一次考试。故选D项。
63. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我依靠奖学金生活，任何低于80分的成绩都会给我的未来带来麻烦。A. scholarship奖学金；B. victory胜利；C. score分数；D. recognition识别。根据前文“dependent on”及后文“any grade below 80 put my future in trouble”可知，低于80分的成绩都会给作者带来麻烦，说明作者的生活与学术成绩密切相关，说明他依靠奖学金生活。故选A项。
64. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这激怒了我们：Hair教授是一个老怪人!他怎么敢毁了我们的平均成绩 A. whistled吹口哨；B. resolved决定；C. angered激怒；D. surveyed调查。根据前文“with a 67 written on it in red ink”及“her mark had been painful too”及“How dare he ____5___ our GPAs ”可知，同学们的测试成绩普遍不高，大家感到很生气。故选C项。
65. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这激怒了我们：Hair教授是一个老怪人!他怎么敢毁了我们的平均成绩 A. drill训练；B. ruin摧毁；C. remind提醒；D. alarm使恐慌。根据前文“with a 67 written on it in red ink”及“her mark had been painful too”可知，同学们的测试成绩普遍不高，这会直接拉低大学平均分。故选B项。
66. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我冷静下来，花时间消化他的评论时，我就知道了。A. cooled冷静下来；B. dropped投下；C. took带走；D. broken打破。根据前文“He was right. I knew it as soon as”可知，当作者冷静下来，便意识到老师的评分是有道理的。故选A项。
67. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我冷静下来，花时间消化他的评论时，我就知道了。A. honesty诚实；B. fairness公平；C. complaint抱怨；D. comments评论。根据后文“My writing was careless, my understanding of key concepts ___8____.”可知，作者冷静下来，思考老师的评论意见，反思自己的问题。故选D项。
68. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我写得很粗心，对关键概念的理解也很肤浅。A. shallow肤浅的；B. dramatic急剧的；C. severe严肃的；D. resistant抵制的。根据前文“with a 67 written on it in red ink”及“My writing was careless”可知，作者得分很低，说明他不仅书写粗心，而且对关键概念的理解也很肤浅。故选A项。
69. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，老师第一次提出了一个令人不安的问题。我们真的配得上高分吗？A. passing通过；B. possessing支配；C. earning赢得；D. holding握住。根据前文“I was used to earning top grades.”及后文“I had earned that grade”可知，这次的低分成绩使作者开始反思，自己之前拿的高分是否实至名归，是否真的是靠自己勤奋努力赢得的。故选C项。
70. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我脸红了，告诉他我知道我考砸了。A. transformed转变；B. overtaken超过；C. overcame克服；D. bombed轰炸，打败。根据前文“with a 67 written on it in red ink”可知，作者向老师承认自己考砸了。故选D项。
71. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，他一点也不是个“怪人”。他风趣、热情，而且非常有耐心。A. surprise惊讶；B. curiosity好奇；C. confusion困惑；D. regret后悔。根据前文“Professor Hair was an old weirdo”及后文“he wasn’t a “weirdo” in the least.”可知，作者见了Hair教授，发现他一点都不怪，这令作者感到惊讶。故选A项。
72. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，他一点也不是个“怪人”。他风趣、热情，而且非常有耐心。A. slightly轻微；B. uncommonly罕见地，及其；C. unavoidably不可避免地；D. casually随意地。根据前文“He was funny, warm”及后文“patient”可知，教授非常耐心。故选B项。
73. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他向我保证，如果我努力学习，我会在课程中发挥我的潜力，他会随时帮助我。A. dream梦想；B. potential潜力；C. submission屈服；D. reputation名声。根据前文“I was used to earning top grades.”及“ if I worked hard”可知，教授告诉作者，只要他勤奋努力，就一定能发挥自己优等生的潜力。故选B项。
74. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我读得越多，他的课就越有趣，很快，他那复杂而引人入胜的课就成了我一周中最精彩的部分。A. pursuit追求；B. struggle挣扎，奋斗；C. highlight最好（最精彩的）部分；D. meaning意义。根据前文“The more I read, the more interesting his classes became”可知，随着作者越来越努力，Hair教授的课程也越来越吸引他，成为了一周中他最喜欢上的课程。故选C项。
75. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：近30年后，我仍然为此感到自豪。A. shy害羞的；B. suspicious怀疑的；C. guilty愧疚的；D. proud自豪的。根据前文“The grade I earned in his class was the lowest I’d received that year. But I had earned that grade.”可知，作者通过这次经历意识到了脚踏实地，勤奋努力的重要性，虽然当时在Hair教授课上得到的分数是那一年作者得到的最低分数。但那是他脚踏实地努力学习换来的，作者会为此感到自豪。故选D项。
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76. C 77. A 78. B 79. B 80. D 81. A 82. B 83. A 84. D 85. C 86. B 87. C 88. C 89. A 90. D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者带到大学里的一个特殊的高中毕业礼物——医疗包，对这个医疗包抱有怀疑态度，作者将它遗忘，直到有人需要绷带时，作者终于将它找出来。后来，医疗包派上了大用场。室友们对药品的需求使得医疗包成为作者表达友善，结交朋友的纽带。
76. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在大学的第一周，我们都经历了一些“健忘”。A. valuing重视，珍视，估价；B. anticipating预料，预期；C. experiencing经历，体验；D. assessing评估，评定（性质、质量）。根据后文“A poor girl in the dorm ____3____ forgot bandages.(宿舍里一个可怜的女孩忘了带绷带。)”的描述可知，作者在这一段讲述了与“健忘”有关的经历。故选C项。
77. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没带宵夜。A. failed失败，未能（做到）；B. attempted努力，尝试；C. hesitated犹豫，迟疑；D. promised答应，允诺。与该段的主题“forgetfulness(健忘，容易忘事)”有关，这里应是讲述作者忘带了宵夜。“fail to do”可表达“未能做成某事”，用在句中表达“本能带上宵夜，但忘了，没带成”，符合该段主题。故选A项。
78. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：宿舍里一个可怜的女孩显然忘记带绷带了。A. intentionally故意地，有意地；B. apparently显然，似乎；C. naturally自然地，本能地；D. frequently频繁地，经常。结合语境，此处的“bandages(绷带)”呼应首句“‘Anybody has a bandage ’ a voice echoed down the dorm hallway.(“谁有绷带 ”宿舍走廊里回荡着一个声音。)”，这个女孩子的求助绷带的声音回荡在走廊里，很明显地说明了她也“容易忘事”。故选B项。
79. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们或多或少都觉得不适应。A. out of shape走样，身体状况不佳；B. out of place不适当的，不合时宜的（指某物或某人在特定环境或情境中不适合或不合适）；C. out of focus模糊的，模糊不清；D. out of date过时的，过期的。根据前文“In the first week at college(在大学的第一周)”可知，这里讲述的是初入大学的第一周，大家都有些不适应。故选B项。
80. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个月前，我坐在高中毕业派对上，欣赏我的礼物——缝纫物品、办公用品等——所有这些都是善意的，受到了好评。A. products产品；B. rewards奖励，回报；C. purchases采购，购买；D. gifts礼物。根据前文“I sat at my high school graduation party(我坐在高中毕业派对上)”可知，作者在毕业派对上应是收到了不少毕业纪念礼物。故选D项。
81. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我的大学生活中，他们会一次又一次地表现出给予者的体贴。A. thoughtfulness体贴，思虑；B. selflessness无私，忘我；C. laziness懒惰；D. seriousness严肃，认真。根据前文礼物的举例“sewing items, desk supplies(缝纫物品，办公用品)”可知，这些礼物是大学生活的日常所需，可见，送礼物的人很细心，贴心。故选A项。
82. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但有一件礼物让我觉得很奇怪。A. cheap便宜的，廉价的；B. strange奇怪的，陌生的；C. practical切实有效的，实用的；D. adorable可爱的，讨人喜欢的。根据后文“Medical package (医疗包吗 )”可知，医疗包作为礼物送人，这是让作者感到奇怪的。故选B项。
83. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我打开包装的时候，包装里面放着一小包药片和药膏。A. unpacked打开；B. lifted举起，抬起；C. delivered分发，递送；D. decorated装饰。根据后文“a small packet of pills and creams lay within the wrappings(包装纸里放着一小包药片和药膏)”可知，作者打开了医疗包。故选A项。
84. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我几乎没有想过那个包裹，直到那天宿舍大厅里响起“有人带绷带吗？”。A. requirement请求，要求；B. school学校；C. desk书桌；D. package包裹，盒，袋。结合语境“until ‘anybody has a bandage ’ rang out in the dormitory hall that day(直到“谁有绷带 ”那天，宿舍大厅里响起了这句话)”可知，“that____9____”应是指代前文提及的医疗包，用“package”表达。故选D项。
85. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“事实上，我有一个。”我回答。A. suggested建议，表明；B. explained解释，说明；C. replied回复，答复；D. commented评论，表达意见。根据“Actually, I have one.(事实上，我有一个。)”可知，作者作出了回复。故选C项。
86. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我翻找出工具包时，我的新室友和我聊了起来。A. put away收起，放好；B. dug out找到，发现，挖掘；C. took apart拆开；D. picked out挑选出，辨认出。根据前文“I barely thought about(我几乎没想过)”可知，作者早已经将这个医疗包忘在脑后，同时后文宾语“the kit(这个工具包)”可推知，作者翻找出这个医疗包。故选B项。
87. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，我的室友们又来了更多关于治疗蚊子叮咬或轻微头痛等药物的请求。A. orders次序，条理，命令；B. praises表扬，赞美；C. requests要求，请求；D. complaints抱怨，投诉。根据后文“for mosquito bites or a slight headache(因为蚊子叮咬或轻微头痛)”，以及“As cold season approached, many needed cough drops.(随着寒冷季节的临近，许多人需要止咳药。)”可知，大家增加了对医疗包里药品的请求。故选C项。
88. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个女孩都聊了一会儿。A. helped帮助；B. rested休息，放松；C. chatted聊天，闲聊；D. waited等待，等候。根据后文“led me toward new friendships(让我结交了新的朋友)”可知，医疗包的存在让作者有机会结交到新朋友，说明大家来取药品时，会有沟通交流。故选C项。
89. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最初质疑的这份小礼物现在让我建立了新的友谊。A. questioned质疑，提问；B. appreciated欣赏，羡慕；C. selected选择，挑选；D. benefited对（某人）有用，使受益。根据前文“I frowned. Who would give that as a present (我皱起了眉头。谁会把它当礼物送人？)”可知，作者刚开始对医疗包礼物是抱有怀疑态度的。故选A项。
90. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它既能退烧，又能破冰，让我在宿舍楼里结识了许多人，并成为他们的朋友。A. rescue援救，拯救；B. transform使改观，使变形，使转化；C. recognize辨认，识别；D. befriend做（尤指需要帮助者）的朋友，友善对待。根据前文“led me toward new friendships(让我结交了新的朋友)”可知，医疗包使得作者及时帮助到有需要的人，和她们做了朋友。故选D项。(共17张PPT)
记叙文
【要点提示】
要点1 句内信息 句内信息的题指的是空格处的答案由设空处所在的句子本身就可确定
要点2 句际信息 句际信息的题指的是空格处的答案是由设空处所在的句子前后的一组句子提供的信息来决定
要点3 语篇信息 语篇信息的题指的是空格处的答案在句内或句际内找不到解题依据,要从其他段落或综合全篇信息才能作答
【真题示例】
【典例展示】 (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
On Oct.11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.
Melanie Bailey should have__41__ the course earlier than she did.Her __42__came because she was carrying a__43__across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her __44__ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.She __45__ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue.Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with __46__.She couldn’t.Bailey then __47__ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __48__ attention.
Once there, Lenoue was __49__ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.She would have struggled with extreme __50__ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more__51__ about why her act is considered a big __52__.“She was just crying.I couldn’t __53__ her,” Bailey told the reporter.“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the __54__, they’ve since become friends.Neither won the race, but the __55__ of human kindness won the day.
41.A.designed B.followed C.changed D.finished
42.A.delay B.chance C.trouble D.excuse
43.A.judge B.volunteer C.classmate D.competitor
44.A.race B.school C.town D.training
45.A.agreed B.returned C.stopped D.promised
46.A.courage B.aid C.patience D.advice
47.A.went away B.stood up C.stepped aside D.bent down
48.A.medical B.public C.constant D.equal
49.A.interrupted B.assessed C.identified D.appreciated
50.A.hunger B.pain C.cold D.tiredness
51.A.worried B.ashamed C.confused D.discouraged
52.A.game B.problem C.lesson D.deal
53.A.leave B.cure C.bother D.understand
54.A.ride B.test C.meet D.show
55.A.secret B.display C.benefit D.exchange
【策略分析】
第一步 通读全文,从宏观上把握记叙文的脉络。
本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了Bailey在跑步比赛中不顾自身成绩,帮助受伤的另一名参赛者Lenoue一起到达终点的故事,表达了对这种善良友爱行为的赞美。
通过掌握记叙文的六要素,进而把握故事的发生、发展和结局。
第二步 细读文章,从微观上破解三大层次题。
When on Oct.11
Where in a cross-country race in Minnesota
Who Melanie Bailey;Danielle Lenoue
What Bailey helped Lenoue who was crying on the way
Why Lenoue was badly injured
How The two young women became friends later
41.【句际信息】根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet...”可知,Bailey在比赛中背着一名参赛者,所以完成比赛晚了,因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛”。 design设计;follow跟随;change改变;finish完成。故选_______。
42.【语篇信息】根据第二段可知,Bailey在比赛中背着一名参赛者,所以完成比赛晚了。此处表示:她的延迟是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。delay延误;
chance机会;trouble麻烦;excuse借口。故选_______。
D
A
43.【句际信息】根据第一段第一句中的competed以及第二段中的runner可知此处表示一名参赛者。judge裁判;volunteer志愿者;classmate同学;competitor参赛者。故选_______。
44.【句际信息】根据第一段“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”中的race可知,此处是说“当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候”。故选_______。
45.【句内信息】根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知,她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。agree同意; return回来; stop停止; promise答应。故选_______。
D
A
C
46.【句内信息】根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知,此处表示看她是否能在她的帮助下向前走。courage勇气;aid帮助;patience耐心; advice建议。故选_______。
47.【句内信息】根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知,Bailey弯下腰,让Lenoue爬到她的背上。go away离开; stand up站起来;step aside让路;bend down弯腰。故选_______。
48.【句际信息】根据上文“began crying in pain”可知,Danielle Lenoue很疼,所以是要接受医疗救助。medical医疗的;public公众的;constant持续不断的;equal平等的。medical attention意为“医疗救助”。故选_______。
B
D
A
49.【句内信息】根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知,她是先接受了检查,再被送往医院,也就是先接受评估。interrupt打断;assess评估;identify识别; appreciate感激,欣赏。故选_______。
50.【句际信息】根据第二段“a runner in front of her began crying in pain”中的pain可知,此处指:如果没有Bailey的帮助,她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。故选_______。
51.【句际信息】根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知,Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情,所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑。 worried担心的;ashamed惭愧的;confused困惑的;discouraged泄气的。故选_______。
B
B
C
52.【句内信息】句意:至于Bailey,她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。game游戏;problem问题; lesson课;deal交易,局面。a big deal意为“非常重要的事”。故选_______。
53.【句际信息】上文提到“She was just crying”以及Lenoue爬到Bailey的背上,
Bailey一路背着她走到终点线,然后又走了300英尺。由此可知,Bailey看见Lenoue哭,所以觉得不能离开她。leave离开;cure治愈;bother打扰;understand理解。故选_______。
D
A
54.【句际信息】根据第一段On Oct.11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.中的race以及空后面句子中的race可知,此处指比赛。ride短途旅程;test测试;meet体育比赛;show展示。故选_______。
55.【句际信息】根据第二段的“let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ______
attention”可知,Bailey背着一个参赛者冲过终点,并背她去接受检查,这展示了人类的善良。secret秘密;display展示;benefit利益;exchange交换。故选_______。
C
B
第三步 重读文章,从逻辑和语境上修正错误。
初选以后,代入答案,重读文章,把有违上下文逻辑关系和语境线索的错误改正过来。
【技巧归纳】
技巧1 句内信息题
句内信息考查的大多是词组间的意义搭配,而句子是由词组构成的,因此答案必须置于句子语境中才能确定。
句内 信息题 利用词汇线索解题。包括原词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等
利用固定搭配解题。包括习惯搭配、地道习惯用语及固定句型等
技巧2 句际信息题
句际信息只根据词组内部的单词间的搭配就可确定答案。
句际 信息题 利用逻辑关系解题。包括因果关系、转折关系、对比关系、递进关系、让步关系等
利用语境暗示解题。多为后面暗示前面,有些填空线索不清楚、语境不明确,需要找到后面的某个暗示
技巧3 语篇信息题
语篇信息需要结合上下文,分析句与句、段与段的逻辑关系,甚至根据全文主旨大意和篇章结构来确定答案。
语篇 信息题 利用作者态度和情感色彩解题。找出能够反映作者态度和情感色彩的重要词汇,一般是名词、动词、形容词和副词
利用生活常识和文化背景解题。充分利用社会文化知识和生活常识进行分析判断,迅速解题
