推理判断题
【常考题型】
题型1 深层推断题 周密逻辑分析推断隐含意义
题型2 意图推断题 依据文体特点推断写作意图
题型3 观点态度题 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断
题型4 文章出处题 根据文章体裁和内容推断文章出处
【真题示例】
【题型1】深层推断题
【典例分析】(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·C篇节选)
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated.
31.What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader
A.The printed book is not totally out of date.
B.Technology has changed the way we read.
C.Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D.People now rarely have the patience to read.
【策略分析】
第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。 关键词: What, want to say, by mentioning the e-reader
第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。 定位原文信息:Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated.(第四段)
第三步:根据关键词和定位信息可以推知,作者提到电子阅读器说明,这显示了人们认为信息技术的发展一度使得印刷书籍过时了,但是现在的情况却正好相反,故选__A__。
【要点提示】
考生在解答本题时,很容易误选B项。这是受到文中的Continued developments in communication technologies的误导,仔细分析会发现,这里不是强调科技的发展,而是为了说明书籍印刷。克服这种误导的方法就是找准题干关键词,以及关键词和原文信息对应的关系。
【题型2】意图推断题
【典例分析】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·B篇节选)
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水)from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
26.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A.To review John’s research plans.
B.To show an application of John’s idea.
C.To compare John’s different jobs.
D.To erase doubts about John’s invention.
【策略分析】
第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。 关键词:What, purpose, mentioning Fuzhou
第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。 定位原文信息:Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.(第五段)
第三步:根据关键词和定位信息可知,第五段通过举两个例子,即South Burlington和中国的福州,来说明John的生态机器在现实生活中有着实际的运用。故选 __B__。
【要点提示】
考生在解题时,很容易误选C项。造成误选的原因是,第五段中的Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs,该句似乎是在说约翰从事许多工作,这样理解语境是错误的,因为下文叙述了约翰所做的事情,其目的都是一样的,都是有关污水治理的问题。
【题型3】观点态度题
【典例分析】(2023·全国甲卷·C篇节选)
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor...
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity...
31.What does the author think of Weiner’s book
A.Objective and plain.
B.Daring and ambitious.
C.Serious and hard to follow.
D.Humorous and straightforward.
【策略分析】
第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。 关键词: What, think of, Weiner’s book
第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。 定位原文信息:He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor(第五段); The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity(第六段)
第三步:根据关键词和定位信息可知,作者认为这是一本幽默的、有趣、犀利、简单易懂的书。故选__D__。
【要点提示】
做推理判断题需要找到作出推理判断的根据,并避免脱离原文而进行随意的推断。本题中A项具有干扰性,但选项中的objective的意思是“客观的”,plain的意思是“简易的”,这些意思和文章相反。故可排除。
【题型4】文章出处题
【典例分析】(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·C篇节选)
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world...
In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures...
28.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.An introduction to a book.
B.An essay on the art of writing.
C.A guidebook to a museum.
D.A review of modern paintings.
【策略分析】
第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。 关键词: Where, the text, taken from
第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。 定位原文信息:Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world...(第一段) In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures...(第二段)
第三步:根据关键词和定位信息可知,文章第一段中提到Reading Art:Art for Book lovers, the book和第二段中的In this“book of books”等信息均说明,本文选自对一本有关阅读艺术的书的介绍, 故选 __A__。
【技巧归纳】
技巧1 “逻辑分析”突破深层推断题
技巧2 “文体特点”突破意图推断题
技巧3 “语境褒贬”突破观点态度题
技巧4 “文章体裁”突破文章出处题
【拓展演练】
1
After beating bone cancer, Hayley Arceneaux thinks rocketing into orbit on SpaceX’s first private flight should be no problem at all. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital announced the 29-year-old doctor’s assistant will rocket into space later this year.
Arceneaux, a former patient at St. Jude, will become the youngest American in space, beating NASA record-holder Sally Ride by over two years. She will travel with businessman Jared Isaacman, who is using the spaceflight he bought to raise money for charity. Two other yet-to-be-chosen space flyers will join them. Arceneaux will be the first person to launch with a prosthesis an artificial device that replaces a missing or injured part of the body. When she was 10, Arceneaux had an operation at St. Jude to replace her knee and a piece of metal was put in her left leg. She still limps and has occasional leg pain.
“My battle with cancer really prepared me for space travel,” she recently told The Associated Press. “It made me tough, and then also I think it really taught me to expect the unexpected and go along for the ride.” Arceneaux wants to show her young patients and other cancer survivors that “the sky is not even the limit anymore.” “It’s going to mean so much to these kids to see a survivor in space.” she said.
Isaacman announced his space flight on February 1, promising to raise $200 million for St. Jude. As the flight’s self-appointed commander, he offered one of the four seats aboard SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraft to St. Jude. The hospital chose Arceneaux from among its many workers who had once been patients. The idea was that one of them could represent the new generation, noted Rick Shadyac, president of St. Jude’s financing organization.
Arceneaux was at home in Memphis, Tennessee, when she got a surprising call in January. She was asked if she would represent St. Jude in space. As a lifelong space fan who loves adventures, Arceneaux has traveled widely and loves roller coasters. Isaacman, who flies fighter airplanes for fun, considers her a perfect fit. The launch is planned for this fall at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, with the spacecraft orbiting Earth for two to four days.
1. Which statement is true about Hayley Arceneaux
A. She works where she used to be a patient.
B. She is an adventure hater.
C. She is the youngest American in space.
D. She is the first woman space flyer.
2. What’s the correct order for what happened to Hayley Arceneaux
a. She received a surprising call. b. She was diagnosed with a serious disease.
c. She was chosen to rocket into space. d. She was operated on at St.Jude.
A. a c d b B. b c d a C. b d a c D. c a b d
3. What’s the purpose of the space flight
A. To carry out medical research.
B. To explore space.
C. To expect the unexpected.
D. To collect money.
4. How can we describle Hayley Arceneaux
A. Generous and strong.
B. Caring and optimistic.
C. Brave and honest.
D. Patient and representative.
2
Plants: we eat them, juice them-and now it seems we can mine them too!
After a successful experiment on the island of Borneo, the botany professor Alan Baker and a group of researchers want to introduce phytomining (harvesting minerals from plants) as a better, partial substitute for traditional mining.
Phytomining, also known as agromining, means collecting metals from live plants. However, this can only be done with a group of plants known as "hyperaccumulators". There are around 700 identified types worldwide, and what makes these hyperaccumulators special is that they naturally attract and absorb minerals through their roots-metals poisonous to other plants-and then store huge, pure concentrations of these minerals in their bodies. The metals can then be extracted from the plants' sap(汁;液), oil, or sometimes even live tissue.
Baker and his colleagues see a lot of potential in phytomining. Not only can it help meet the growing global demand for metals, but is a way of undoing some of that damage to the environment by traditional mining.
One of the biggest problems with traditional mining is that it pollutes the surrounding area. Phytomining can extract metal waste, plus planting the hyperaccumulators would regrow the deforested areas caused by mining operations. Aside from this, if phytomining is able to replace part of traditional mining, then there would be fewer instances of bad mining practices like abandoned mines, which pollute the nearby waters. Also, since phytomining provides metals that are already naturally pure, there is no need to use huge amounts of energy to purify the ore(矿石).
Phytomining has its drawbacks. Harvesting plants on a large scale is expensive today, compared to traditional mining. Besides, plants can be wiped out by diseases or unexpected weather conditions.
However, there are many reasons to consider phytomining. After all, we need to make sure that our planet can keep up and sustainable practices like phytomining give us the hope that our advancement doesn't mean sacrificing Mother Earth.
5. What makes hyperaccumulators different from other plants
A. The sap poisonous to other plants.
B. The ability to take in and store minerals.
C. The oil extracted from live plant tissue.
D. The concentrations of minerals in their bodies.
6. What is the advantage of phytomining
A. It can stop deforestation.
B. It may reduce the desertedmines.
C. It uses clean energy to purify the ore.
D. It can't be destroyed by diseases.
7. What is the author's attitude toward phytomining
A. Pessimistic. B. Indifferent. C. Optimistic. D. Skeptical.
8. What can be the best title for the text
A. Metals From Plants.
B. The Future of Phytomining.
C. What Are Hyperaccumulators
D. Benefits of Phytomining.
3
Is there a strange something high up in the world’s tallest mountains If so, is it a big bear Is it a monkey Or is it a kind of man No one knows. This mystery has puzzled the world for years.
In 1887, a mountain climber found large footsteps in the snow. They looked like the footsteps of a very large man. But men don’t walk without shoes in the snow!
In 1906, another climber saw more footsteps. He saw a very large animal standing on two legs. As he watched, it ran away very quickly. Fifteen years later, a newspaper had new stories about the “something”. A mountain climber said he had seen the “snowman” walk slowly in the snow. He said it looked like a very large man.
From then on, more and more people had stories to tell. But not until 1951 did a mountain climber bring back the pictures of large footsteps. The pictures showed clearly that the snowman walked on two legs. So it was not a bear or a monkey. Could it be an apeman (猿人) And the mystery keeps growing. Some day, we may find out just what it is that makes the largest footsteps.
9. The passage is about ________.
A. some mountain climbers
B. some strange animals
C. the snow
D. the mystery of the large footsteps
10. Why were people interested in footsteps
A. Because they were the footsteps of a large bear.
B. Because they looked like the footsteps of a large man.
C. Because they were found in the snow.
D. Because they were found in the mountains.
11. Why did the mystery grow when a mountain climber brought back pictures of large footsteps
A. They were the footsteps of an apeman.
B. They were the footsteps of a snowman.
C. The pictures showed clearly how the snowman walked.
D. People still don’t know who made the footsteps.
12. Which is the best title
A. Snow B. The large footsteps
C. A big bear D. Monkey
4
Tobias Weller is nothing short of extraordinary.
At 9-years-old, he’s dealt with things most of us won’t face in our lifetimes. Simple tasks, like standing on his own two feet, are impossible for him and he requires assistance for most activities we consider basic. But Just because he’s someone who needs help, that doesn’t mean he can’t give help.
At first Tobias decided to complete a sponsored one-kilometer walk. But for some reasons, the race was canceled, and Tobias’ plans were destroyed.
The moment young Weller learned about Captain Tom, a 100-year-old British vet who has now raised 41 million dollars for charities by walking in his walker, he decided if a century-year-old man could walk for miles, he could also make it happen.
Forget the one kilometer, Tobias was going to walk a marathon—26.2 miles—in order to raise money for his two favorite charities. He went up and down his street for months. First with 50 meters a day, but as he grew stronger, the distance expanded and eventually he built up to 750 meters a day. It took him 70 days to cross that finish line, but he did it.
His mother, Ruth Garbutt, presented him with a medal as he crossed the finish line.
She said: “I’m so, so proud of Tobias. I’m bursting with pride for all he’s achieved and how hard he’s worked during the marathon…He couldn’t push the walker at the start of the marathon and now he can, he can push it on the flat and he’s proved today he can push it uphill as well.”
Honestly, just wow. The amount of pain and extreme tiredness he must have suffered during his walks is unimaginable. But he never stopped, he just kept pushing, and in the end he raised over $111, 000 for his charities.
“I’m pleased to raise loads of money. Other children who aren’t as lucky as me can benefit from the money that’s been raised.” Tobias said.
13. Tobias decided to walk a marathon mainly to ________.
A. challenge himself
B. strengthen his body
C. contribute to charities
D. compete with Captain Tom
14. What do we know about Tobias’s marathon
A. It was canceled finally.
B. It lasted more than two months.
C. Tobias finished it without a walker.
D. Tobias was awarded the first prize.
15. Which of the following words can best describe Tobias
A. Ambitious and calm. B. Strong-willed and kind.
C. Courageous and honest. D. Determined and cooperative.
5
Turtles have an unfortunate habit of eating plastic objects floating in the sea. These then cannot be broken down and digested, and may ultimately kill them.
It is widely assumed that this special liking for plastics is a matter of mistaken identity. Floating plastic bags, for instance, look similar to jellyfish, which many types of turtles love to eat. Yet lota of plastic objects that end up inside turtles are not similar to jellyfish. Joseph Pfaller of the University of Florida therefore suspects that the smell of micro-organisms (微生物) which grow on floating plastic objects fools turtles to feed.
Researchers at the University of California noticed that certain chemicals, which are released into the air by micro-organism — colonised plastics, are those which many seabirds sniff to track down food. These chemicals mark good places to hunt because they indicate an abundance of the seaweed and bacteria. Since turtles are known to break the surface and sniff the air when swimming towards their feeding areas, Dr. Pfaller indicated that they are following these same chemicals, and are fooled into thinking that floating plastic objects are edible.
To test that idea, he and his colleagues set up an experiment. They arranged for 15 of the animals, each around five months old, to be exposed, in random order, to four smells delivered through a pipe to; the air above an experimental area. The smells were: the vapour from deionised (去离子) water; the smell of turtle-feeding meal; the smell of a clean plastic bottle; and the smell of a similarly plastic bottle that had been kept in the ocean for five weeks to allow seaweed and bacteria to grow on it. Two of the smells-the smell of meal and that of five-week-old bottles-proved far more attractive to the animals than the others.
On the face of it, then, the turtles were responding to the smell of old bottles as if it were the smell of food. In an unpolluted ocean, pretty well anything which had this smell would be edible-or, at least, harmless. Unfortunately, five-week-old plastic bottles and their like are not.
16. What is most people's opinion on turtles' special habit
A. Turtles prefer jellyfish to plastics.
B. Turtles enjoy the taste of plastics.
C. Turtles like being fed with plastic tools.
D. Turtles choose to eat plastics for a mistake.
17. What does the underlined word “edible" in paragraph 3 mean
A. Fit to eat. B. Pleasant to smell.
C. Far to reach. D. Easy to digest.
18. What can we infer from Dr. Pfaller's research
A. Many seabirds can track the food.
B. Most animals find food through smells.
C. Two smells are especially favored by turtles.
D. The favored smell leads turtles to seek for food.
19. Why did the author mention the unpolluted ocean at last
A. To explain why the ocean is polluted.
B. To ask for people to feed turtles proper food.
C. To arouse the awareness of protecting the ocean.
D. To show his agreement on Dr. Pfaller's research.
6
Because the commercial internet has been developed with so little regard for privacy, tech companies have been able to turn personal data into considerable profits, raising billions of dollars off their ability to collect and sell information about anyone who has wandered within shouting distance of their software. This week, Google announced a step in the right direction-but not a huge step, nor one that will stop Google from continuing to collect immense amounts of personal data.
At issue is how online companies track internet users as they browse (浏览) from site to site online, typically through cookies (information that a website leaves in your computer so that the website will recognize you when you use it again). The most harmful version, “third-party” cookies, is the web alternative of a company posting security guards across the internet to monitor what you do, even when you’re on other companies’ sites.
Google declared in a blog post Wednesday that it would no longer use or support third-party cookies, nor would it create or use any other technology that tracks individual users across the web. Given that Google is a main supplier of online advertising technology, its change in approach will impact far and wide.
That’s welcome news, although with huge amounts of warning. As Lee Tien of the Electronic Frontier Foundation noted, third-party cookies were already on the retreat, with Apple and other makers of popular web browsers moving to block them. Meanwhile, Google, Facebook and other Big Tech companies continue to collect personal information in large quantities from people who use their sites and services through first-party cookies and similar techniques.
The concerns about personal data collection are the same whether it’s being collected through first-party or third-party techniques, said Michelle Richardson of the Center for Democracy and Technology. “Companies may use the information to discriminate among internet users, offering different goods, services and even prices to different users.”
Instead of helping advertisers track individuals, Google says, it is improving a technology that assigns users namelessly to large groups with common interests. That’s an improvement, even though it too may be at risk of abuse. But why do any form of tracking at all Privacy advocates say pitches (兜售) can be targeted effectively by basing them on where the user is at the moment, not where he or she has browsed previously online.
Ultimately, lawmakers are going to have to lay down regulations giving people far more control over whether and how personal information is used online. Ideally the federal (联邦的) government will set a strong floor under online privacy protections, but until then it will be up to state lawmakers or voters to act, as this state has done with its groundbreaking online privacy laws. It’s good to see Google move the ball forward, but there’s much farther to go.
20. What does the underlined phrase “on the retreat” in Para 4 most probably mean
A. Exposed. B. Removed. C. Emerging. D. Fading.
21. It can be learned from the declaration that Google .
A. is developing new technologies to stop data collection
B. refuses to work with companies tracking privacy
C. intends to abandon its advertising technologies
D. resolves to stop the use of third-party cookies
22. From the passage we can know that first-party cookies .
A. are still collecting personal information
B. are blocked by big companies like Apple
C. are mainly used by advertising companies
D. are less concerning than third-party cookies
23. What is the writer’s attitude towards Google’s new move
A. It is less satisfactory than expected.
B. It needs to be more forceful to be effective.
C. It will accelerate the disappearance of cookies.
D. It has driven lawmakers to make new regulations.
7
Urban planners may soon have a new way to measure traffic jams. By putting in the different routes by which vehicles can travel between locations, researchers have developed a new computer algorithm (运算法则) that helps quantify regions of jams in urban areas and suggests ways around them.
The study, published in the Journal of Physics: Complexity, used traffic speeds from taxis in New York City to demonstrate how road infrastructure (基础设施) and driver behavior can create complex road networks that differ among cities.
The team approached the issue by designing a computer algorithm to capture the topology-or relationship between the different routes between locations-of road networks. “We found that the most significant traffic bottlenecks in Manhattan seem to arise as a result of the city’s structural layout,” said study co-author Daniel Carmody. “For example, the fact that a bridge enters Manhattan at a range where traffic is already limited due to Central Park slows traffic in the area considerably.”
The researchers performed a comparative analysis using traffic patterns in Chengdu, China, to test if the algorithm works equally well in areas with different layouts. Manhattan has a long and thin structure, while Chengdu is round. There are significant differences in the way traffic moves between these two different setups, the researchers said.
“The bottlenecks in Chengdu seem to arise due to the function of the buildings in a particular area,” Carmody said. “For example, it is hard to travel in and out of the central business district in Chengdu because of the large amount of traffic alone. Beltways, or faster streets around busy areas, have emerged in circles around this area, which is not surprising because this feature was intentionally built into the city.”
In Manhattan, the bridges and underpasses that form the entry and exit points cause traffic slowdowns. However, in lower Manhattan, where drivers seem to obey the lower posted speed limits, traffic moves more smoothly, forming a new traffic beltway with the southern end of Central Park acting as a block between lower and central Manhattan.
“It surprised us that there is an emergent beltway in such a busy area of Manhattan,” Carmody said. “This indicates that, unlike in Chengdu, beltways seem to arise from driver behavior even when they aren’t part of the structural plan of a traffic network.”
“The researchers have imagined that this technology could give urban planners a means to quantify traffic patterns, leading to better traffic,” Carmody said. “As methods of transportation develop, new problems will emerge, and we hope that our tools will give planners new ways to measure what is going on with city traffic.”
24. According to the new study, what contributes to traffic jams in Manhattan
A. The number of bottlenecks and beltways.
B. The location of bridges and underpasses.
C. Road facilities and driver behavior.
D. Road signs and urban population.
25. Researchers also studied Chengdu in order to .
A. compare the layouts of the two cities
B. find better infrastructure for one city
C. design traffic patterns with the algorithm
D. assess the effectiveness of the algorithm
26. Why do vehicles move faster in lower Manhattan
A. Because of lower posted speed limits.
B. Because drivers follow the traffic rules.
C. Because it is planned in the traffic network.
D. Because a beltway has emerged around the area.
27. Who is the target of this new computer algorithm
A. City planners.
B. Slower drivers.
C. Infrastructure developers.
D. Road sign designers.
8
Sawyer Current’s first visit to Isla Mujeres, a small island off the coast of Cancun, Mexico, was meant to be a getaway. But instead of relaxing on white sand beaches, Current was disappointed at the number of unwanted animals wandering the streets. “Dogs were everywhere, coming out of the bushes and along the sides of the road,” she recalls of that trip 25 years ago. “They were dirty and covered with fleas and scars.” “It was sad,” she says. “I just couldn’t stand to watch it.”
Current decided to help fix it. She built a second home on Isla Mujeres in 2000, and beginning with a skinny, toothless cat she rescued from the streets, she went on to find homes for more than 2,000 dogs and cats. Today, thanks to Current’s efforts, the island no longer has a wild-dog problem, and “people are more aware of their pets’ needs,” says Marcelino Velazquez, 34, a property manager from Isla Mujeres. “They vaccinate them and don’t abandon them on the streets. The way of thinking has changed.”
For Current, it was a hard-fought transformation. “At first I was angry and thought it was horrible,” Current says of the conditions on the island when she began her work. “But these weren’t bad people. They were people without resources.” When she first arrived, the community had no small-animal vet, and animal control consisted of a team of government workers who’d round up street dogs in a truck and kill them. “I used to follow the truck, and when they’d go for lunch, I’d let the dogs out,” she says. “One time I let the air out of their tires.”
At one point she was caring for more than 65 rescued dogs in her home, and she estimates she has spent about $1 million of her own savings on her efforts. “It was exhausting,” she admits. Now Isla Animals has an on-site shelter with a small staff, and many volunteers and donors among the island’s tourists. Each year the group re-homes more than 170 pets, many of which fly with volunteers to families in the U.S. and Canada.
“There’s nothing in the world like finding a starving dog, nursing it back to good health and finding it a loving home,” Current says.
28. What made Current feel disappointed with the island
A. Insects biting people. B. People without resources.
C. Houses in poor conditions. D. Animals abandoned in the streets.
29. Why did Current follow the truck and let the air out of its tires
A. To show the local people how to solve their problems.
B. To draw public attention to what she was doing.
C. To stop the workers from killing the animals.
D. To help the government punish bad people.
30. Which of the following words can best describe Current
A. Loving. B. Ambitious. C. Intelligent. D. Cautious.
9
No matter where you go around the globe, everybody loves to celebrate. And when it comes to celebration, festivals offer something for everyone.
Mardi Gras （New Orleans, Louisiana）
Also known as Fat Tuesday, Mardi Gras in New Orleans is a cultural event. Though the celebration
is held every year on the day before Ash Wednesday, the festivities last for months, banning in November throughout January and early February. And if you love music, check out the annual Galactic concert at the world-famous Tipitina’s on Lundi Gras (the day before Mardi Gras).
La Tomatina （Valencia, Spain）
Launched way back in 1945, La Tomatina is one of the oldest festivals on our list. It's also easily the happiest but the messiest, coming off like the world's biggest food fight.
Legend has it that the whole thing started when some local boys joined a parade alongside musicians. The boys made the performers so angry that they tried hit the boys, and a vendor's (小摊贩)vegetable stand fell victim to the incident.
If you go, please follow some simple rules: Don't throw hard objects, squash the tomato before throwing it, stay a safe distance away from tomato trucks, and stop in time.
Montreux Jazz Festival （Switzerland）
Founded back in 1967, Montreux is one of the oldest music festivals in the world. It's also the second largest jazz festival, after the Montreal International Jazz Festival. That Canadian concert may attract more visitors-around 2 million annually. But Montreux benefits from its pretty location on the attractive shores of Lake Geneva. The area is particularly beautiful in late June/early July, when the festival is held.
31. When is Galactic concert held
A. On Mardi Gras. B. On Lundi Gras.
C. On Montreux Jazz Festival. D. On La Tomatina.
32. What do people do on La Tomatina
A. Punish naughty boys. B. Enjoy musicians' performance.
C. Throw tomatoes without hurting. D. Catch people who destroy tomatoes.
33. Where can you read the passage probably
A. News report. B. Academic journal.
C. Conceit brochure. D. Travel magazine.
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A Bridge Linking Art and the Audience
According to a 2018 report, people aged between 16 and 24 make up about 15 percent of the population but only 10 percent of museum-goers. Similarly, people aged over 35 go half as much as you would expect from their population size. We have reached the point of recognising the disconnection between art and the audience but haven’t yet determined how to bridge the gap. Two answers to tackling this challenge lie in telling a greater diversity of art histories and communicating these stories in more accessible ways.
In 2018, a radio program called Art Matters was started with the aim of discussing art from a pop-culture viewpoint with topics that would engage younger and more diverse audience. It offers an accessible pathway to art history with conversations on different topics. Art history is about storytelling; art content shines when there is an effort to bring audience along for the discussion.
More traditional institutions are paying attention. Recently the Getty Museum issued a social-media challenge for people to recreate paintings using items they had at home. Users displayed incredible creativity, and the museum was flooded with submissions. This reaction proves that there is a potential desire for the audience to engage with art topics if the format is appealing. Since many people feel intimidated and think that there’s a base level of understanding required to join the conversation, the Getty initiative serves as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it.
Another result of the Getty challenge was the exposure given to a diversity of artworks. The famous opera singer Peter Brathwaite, for example, made scores of attractive recreations highlighting centuries of black paintings. His efforts opposed the idea that there were not many historical paintings of black figures. It is extremely important that we do a better job of showing the complex and diverse stories that are represented in art.
Social media have offered a platform for people who have not traditionally had a seat at the table. Anyone can recognise a gap in the field and address it. Accounts have gathered tens of thousands of followers. They are the proof that there is hunger to hear these art histories, and these themes work brilliantly for museum programming.
But there is only so much that can be done without the museums and galleries changing meaningfully from within. We need to see a better balance of these stories represented in permanent collections. We also need a much wider diversity of people and interests represented on board. Ensuring that art-and writing and talking about art-is able to continue on the rising generation of storytellers, inside and outside of institutions, getting the funding and support they need to paint a brighter picture for the part.
34. What challenge is the author trying to tackle
A. People doubt a great diversity of artworks.
B. Fewer and fewer young people go to museums.
C. Art appears too distant from common audience.
D. Adult audience has a different understanding of art.
35. What does the underlined word “intimidated” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Tired. B. Worried. C. Annoyed. D. Surprised.
36. In the author’s opinion, the museums and galleries should ________.
A. make the art history stories accessible in a traditional way.
B. change meaningfully for activities like the Getty challenge.
C. limit the number of storytellers both in and out of institutions.
D. improve the permanent collections by adding famous artworks.
37. We can conclude from the passage that common audience ________.
A. lacks the channels to understand and talk about art history.
B. prefers to view artworks and hear art stories on social media.
C. feels satisfied with people and interests represented on board.
D. refuses to engage with diverse art topics and art history stories.
参考答案
1
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了10岁时，海莉·阿尔西诺在圣裘德做了一个膝盖置换手术，在左腿上植入了一块金属。她仍然一瘸一拐的，腿偶尔疼痛。海莉·阿尔西诺战胜了骨癌，她认为通过太空探索技术公司的第一次私人飞行进入轨道根本不是问题。圣犹大儿童研究医院宣布，这位29岁医生的助手将于今年晚些时候飞入太空，此次太空飞行的目的就是为慈善机构筹集资金。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“the 29-year-old doctor's assistant（这位29岁医生的助手）”以及第二段开头的“Arceneaux, a former patient at St.Jude（阿尔西诺以前是圣犹大医院的病人）”可知她在以前住院的地方工作。 故选A项。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“After beating bone cancer, Hayley Arceneaux thinks rocketing into orbit on SpaceX’s first private flight should be no problem at all.（海莉·阿尔西诺战胜了骨癌，她认为通过太空探索技术公司的第一次私人飞行进入轨道根本不是问题。）”可知，她是在战胜骨癌之后进入太空的，我们还可判断出疾病in该是在做手术之前，所以选项b应该是在选项d之前；再根据第五段前两句“Arceneaux was at home in Memphis, Tennessee, when she got a surprising call in January. She was asked if she would represent St. Jude in space.（今年1月，阿塞诺在田纳西州孟菲斯的家中接到了一个令人惊讶的电话。她被问及是否愿意在太空中代表圣犹大。）”可知，她是接到电话之后被问是否愿意进入太空在飞向太空的，可判断出选项a在选项c之前。故选C项。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容第二句“ She will travel with businessman Jared Isaacman, who is using the spaceflight he bought to raise money for charity. （她将和商人贾里德·艾萨克曼一起旅行，艾萨克曼将利用他购买的太空飞船为慈善机构筹集资金。）”以及根据第四段第一句“Isaacman announced his space flight on February 1, promising to raise $200 million for St. Jude. （艾萨克曼于2月1日宣布了他的太空计划，并承诺为圣犹大筹集2亿美元。）”可知，此次太空飞行的目的就是为慈善机构筹集资金。故选D项。
4. 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“After beating bone cancer, Hayley Arceneaux thinks rocketing into orbit on SpaceX’s first private flight should be no problem at all.（海莉·阿尔西诺战胜了骨癌，她认为通过太空探索技术公司的第一次私人飞行进入轨道根本不是问题。）”，第二段第二句“ She will travel with businessman Jared Isaacman, who is using the spaceflight he bought to raise money for charity. （她将和商人贾里德·艾萨克曼一起旅行，艾萨克曼将利用他购买的太空飞船为慈善机构筹集资金。）”以及根据第二段最后两句“When she was 10, Arceneaux had an operation at St. Jude to replace her knee and a piece of metal was put in her left leg. She still limps and has occasional leg pain.（10岁时，阿西尔诺在圣裘德做了一个膝盖置换手术，在左腿上植入了一块金属。她仍然一瘸一拐的，腿偶尔疼痛。）”可知做慈善说明她是个很有爱心，会关心他人的人，带着病痛依然积极面对现在的生活说明她是一个乐观的人。故选B项。
2
5. B 6. B 7. C 8. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是植物采矿——从植物中获取矿物，作为传统采矿的一种更好的、部分的替代品。
5. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“what makes these hyperaccumulators special is that they naturally attract and absorb minerals through their roots-metals poisonous to other plants-and then store huge, pure concentrations of these minerals in their bodies”（这些超级积累物的特别之处在于，它们通过根部自然地吸引和吸收矿物质——对其他植物有毒的金属——然后在它们的体内储存大量纯矿物质。）可知超积累植物之所以独特，是因为它们可以通过根部吸收矿物质并将这些纯的矿物质储存在体内。故选B项。
6. 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“if phytomining is able to replace part of traditional mining, then there would be fewer instances of bad mining practices like abandoned mines”（如果植矿开采能够部分取代传统采矿，那么像废弃矿井这样的不良采矿实践就会减少。）可知，如果植物采矿可以代替部分传统的采矿模式，就不会有那么多废弃的矿井。故选B项。
7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“sustainable practices like phytomining give us the hope that our advancement doesn't mean sacrificing Mother Earth”（植物采掘等可持续的实践给了我们希望，我们的进步并不意味着牺牲地球母亲。）可知作者认为像植物采矿这样的可持续发展的做法给了我们希望——我们的进步并不意味着要以牺牲环境为代价。由此推知，作者对植物采矿持乐观态度。故选C项。
8. 主旨大意题。本文开篇点题“Plants: we eat them, juice them-and now it seems we can mine them too!”（植物：我们吃它们，用它们榨汁，现在看来我们也可以开采它们了！）然后进一步介绍了植物采矿的含义及其优缺点。A项“来自植物的金属”可以概括全文。故选A项。
3
9. D 10. B 11. D 12. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了人们在世界上最高的山上发现的巨大脚印来自于什么动物，直到今天依然是未解之谜。
9. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“In 1887, a mountain climber found large footsteps in the snow.”（1887年，一位登山者在雪地里发现了巨大的脚印）和第三段“In 1906, another climber saw more footsteps”（1906年，另一名登山者看到了更多的脚印）以及最后一段“Some day, we may find out just what it is that makes the largest footsteps.”（有一天，我们会发现是什么制造了这些大脚印）结合全文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲了人们在世界上最高的山上发现的巨大脚印来自于什么动物，直到今天依然是未解之谜。故选D。
10. 细节理解题。根据第三段“A mountain climber said he had seen the “snowman” walk slowly in the snow. He said it looked like a very large man.”（一位登山者说，他看到“雪人”在雪地里慢慢地走。 他说它看起来像一个非常高大的人）可知人们会对脚印感兴趣是因为它们看起来像一个巨大的人的脚印。故选B。
11. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But not until 1951 did a mountain climber bring back the pictures of large footsteps. The pictures showed clearly that the snowman walked on two legs. So it was not a bear or a monkey. Could it be an apeman (猿人) And the mystery keeps growing.”（但直到1951年，一位登山者才带回了大脚印的照片。 图片清楚地显示了雪人用两条腿走路。 所以不是熊或猴子。 会是猿人吗 谜团还在继续）可推知当一名登山者带回巨大脚印的照片时，这个谜团变得更加神秘是因为人们仍然不知道是谁留下了这些脚印。故选D。
12. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“In 1887, a mountain climber found large footsteps in the snow.”（1887年，一位登山者在雪地里发现了巨大的脚印）和第三段“In 1906, another climber saw more footsteps”（1906年，另一名登山者看到了更多的脚印）以及最后一段“Some day, we may find out just what it is that makes the largest footsteps.”（有一天，我们会发现是什么制造了这些大脚印）结合全文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲了人们在世界上最高的山上发现的大脚印来自于什么动物，直到今天依然是未解之谜。这篇文章最好的题目是“巨大的脚印”。故选B。
4
13. C 14. B 15. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述9岁的男孩Tobias为了给慈善机构捐款，坚持走了两个多月的马拉松，最终为他的慈善机构筹集到了超过11万1千美元。
13. 细节理解题。根据第五段“Forget the one kilometer, Tobias was going to walk a marathon—26.2 miles—in order to raise money for his two favorite charities.（忘掉那一公里，Tobias打算走一段马拉松——26.2英里——目的是为他最喜欢的两个慈善机构筹集资金。）”可知，Tobias决定走一段马拉松的目的是想为慈善机构捐款。故选C项。
14. 细节理解题。根据第五段“It took him 70 days to cross that finish line, but he did it.（他花了70天的时间冲过终点线，但他做到了。）”可知，Tobias的马拉松持续了两个多月。故选B项。
15. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The amount of pain and extreme tiredness he must have suffered during his walks is unimaginable. But he never stopped, he just kept pushing, and in the end he raised over $111, 000 for his charities.（他在行走过程中所遭受的痛苦和极度的疲劳是难以想象的。但他从未停止，他一直在努力，最终他为他的慈善机构筹集到了超过11万1千美元。）”可知，尽管在行走马拉松过程中经历了极度的痛苦和疲劳，Tobias仍然坚持了下来，而他之所以这样做是为了给他喜欢的慈善机构捐款，所以可以看出Tobias是意志坚强并且善良的。故选B项。
5
16. D 17. A 18. D 19. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。海龟有一个不幸的习惯，就是吃漂浮在海里的塑料制品。研究人员对这种现象背后的原因进行了分析和研究。
16. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“It is widely assumed that this special liking for plastics is a matter of mistaken identity.(人们普遍认为，这种对塑料的特殊喜爱是一种错误的身份认同)”可知，大部分人认为乌龟的特殊喜好是因为错误的认知。故选D。
17. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“are fooled into thinking”可知，此处是指乌龟被愚弄，认为漂浮的塑料制品是可以吃的。由此推知，划线词edible意为“可以吃的”。故选A。
18. 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句中的“Since turtles are known to break the surface and sniff the air when swimming towards their feeding areas, Dr. Pfaller indicated that they are following these same chemicals(因为众所周知，海龟在游向它们的觅食区域时，会浮出水面，嗅闻空气，普法勒博士指出，它们也在追随同样的化学物质)”可知，海龟喜欢的气味会让它们去寻找食物。故选D。
19. 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“In an unpolluted ocean, pretty well anything which had this smell would be edible-or, at least, harmless. Unfortunately, five-week-old plastic bottles and their like are not. (在未受污染的海洋里，任何有这种气味的东西都是可以食用的，或者至少是无害的。不幸的是，五个星期前的塑料瓶和类似的东西却不是)”可知，此处是指在未受污染的海洋里不管海龟吃了什么有这种气味的东西都是无害的，但是在被污染的海洋里就不是这样，所以我们应该保护海洋。所以作者在最后提到未受污染的海洋是为了唤起保护海洋的意识。故选C。
6
20. D 21. D 22. A 23. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了本周谷歌宣布停止使用第三方cookies，这是朝着正确方向迈出的一步——但并不是很大的一步，也不会阻止谷歌继续收集大量的个人数据。
20. 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“As Lee Tien of the Electronic Frontier Foundation noted, third-party cookies were already on the retreat, with Apple and other makers of popular web browsers moving to block them. (正如电子前沿基金会的李田指出的那样，第三方cookies已经___________，苹果和其他流行浏览器制造商开始屏蔽它们。)”由“苹果和其他流行浏览器制造商开始屏蔽它们”可猜测划线短语on the retreat意为“衰退，逐渐消失”。故选D项。
21. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Google declared in a blog post Wednesday that it would no longer use or support third-party cookies, nor would it create or use any other technology that tracks individual users across the web.(谷歌周三在一篇博客文章中宣布，它将不再使用或支持第三方cookies，也不会创建或使用任何其他技术来跟踪网络上的个人用户。)”可知，谷歌决心停止使用第三方cookies。故选D项。
22. 细节理解题。根据第五段中“The concerns about personal data collection are the same whether it’s being collected through first-party or third-party techniques, said Michelle Richardson of the Center for Democracy and Technology. (民主与技术中心的米歇尔·理查森表示，无论是通过第一方还是第三方技术收集个人数据，人们对这些数据收集的担忧是相同的。)”可知，第一方cookies仍然在收集个人信息。故选A项。
23. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ It’s good to see Google move the ball forward, but there’s much farther to go. (很高兴看到谷歌将向前推进，但是还有很长的路要走。)”可知，作者认为谷歌的新举措需要更加有力的推进才能有效。故选B项。
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24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员开发出了一种新的计算机运算法则，该法则可以帮助城市规划者量化城市地区的拥堵区域，处理交通堵塞的问题。
24. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study, published in the Journal of Physics: Complexity, used traffic speeds from taxis in New York City to demonstrate how road infrastructure (基础设施) and driver behavior can create complex road networks that differ among cities. (这项发表在《物理学杂志：复杂性》上的研究，利用纽约市出租车的交通速度，展示了道路基础设施和司机的行为是如何在不同城市中创造出复杂的道路网络的)”可知，根据这项新研究，是道路设施与驾驶员行为导致了曼哈顿的交通堵塞。故选C项。
25. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The researchers performed a comparative analysis using traffic patterns in Chengdu, China, to test if the algorithm works equally well in areas with different layouts. (研究人员利用中国成都的交通模式进行了对比分析，以测试该运算法则在不同布局的地区是否同样有效)”可知，研究人员也对成都进行了研究，以评估运算法则的有效性。故选D项。
26. 细节理解题。根据第六段中“However, in lower Manhattan, where drivers seem to obey the lower posted speed limits, traffic moves more smoothly (然而，在曼哈顿下城，司机似乎遵守较低的限速，交通移动更平稳)”可知，因为司机遵守交通规则，所以曼哈顿下城的车辆跑得更快。故选B项。
27. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Urban planners may soon have a new way to measure traffic jams. (城市规划者可能很快就会有一种处理交通堵塞的新方法)”可知，这个新的计算机运算法则的目标人群是城市规划者。故选A项。
8
28. D 29. C 30. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Sawyer Current在一个小岛Isla Mujeres度假时，看到很多流浪动物，感到失望，于是开始致力于救助这些流浪动物的故事。
28. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But instead of relaxing on white sand beaches, Current was disappointed at the number of unwanted animals wandering the streets.(但是，Current并没有在白色的沙滩上放松，而是对流浪动物的数量感到失望)”可知，动物被遗弃在街道上，这让Current对这个岛感到失望。故选D。
29. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“When she first arrived, the community had no small-animal vet, and animal control consisted of a team of government workers who’d round up street dogs in a truck and kill them. “I used to follow the truck, and when they’d go for lunch, I’d let the dogs out,” she says. “One time I let the air out of their tires.”(她刚来的时候，这个社区没有小动物兽医，动物控制中心由一组政府工作人员组成，他们用卡车把流浪狗围捕并杀死。她说：“我过去常常跟着卡车，当他们去吃午饭时，我就把狗放出来，有一次我把他们轮胎的气给放了。”)”可知，Current会跟在卡车后面把轮胎放气，是为了阻止工人杀死动物。故选C。
30. 推理判断题。根据最后一段““There’s nothing in the world like finding a starving dog, nursing it back to good health and finding it a loving home,” Current says.(Current说：“世界上没有什么比找到一只饥饿的狗，照顾它恢复健康，给它找到一个充满爱的家更好的了。”)”结合文章讲述了Sawyer Current在一个小岛Isla Mujeres度假时，看到很多流浪动物，感到失望，于是开始致力于救助这些流浪动物的故事。可推知，Current是个有爱心的人。故选A。
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31. B 32. C 33. D
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上几个地方的节日庆祝方式。
31. 细节理解题。根据“Mardi Gras （New Orleans, Louisiana）”部分最后一句“And if you love music, check out the annual Galactic concert at the world-famous Tipitina’s on Lundi Gras (the day before Mardi Gras).”（如果你喜欢音乐，可以去世界著名的Tipitina的Lundi Gras（狂欢节的前一天）观看一年一度的银河音乐会）可知，银河音乐会在Lundi Gras那天举行。故选B。
32. 细节理解题。根据“La Tomatina （Valencia, Spain）”部分第三段中的“Don't throw hard objects, squash the tomato before throwing it, stay a safe distance away from tomato trucks, and stop in time.”（不要扔硬物，在扔西红柿之前要把西红柿压扁，与运西红柿的卡车保持安全距离，并及时停车。）可知，在La Tomatina上人们扔西红柿时不能造成伤害。故选C。
33. 推理判断题。根据第一段“No matter where you go around the globe, everybody loves to celebrate. And when it comes to celebration, festivals offer something for everyone.”（无论你走到世界的哪个角落，每个人都喜欢庆祝。说到庆祝，节日对每个人都有好处。）可知，文章是介绍了世界几个地方的节日庆祝，所以它可能来自一本旅游杂志。故选D。
10
34. C 35. B 36. B 37. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述普通人似乎离艺术很遥远，他们想要参与艺术，但缺乏理解和谈论艺术的渠道，我们需要连接艺术和观众的桥梁。
34. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“We have reached the point of recognising the disconnection between art and the audience but haven’t yet determined how to bridge the gap.(我们已经意识到艺术和观众之间的脱节，但还没有决定如何消除这一差距)”可知，作者努力解决的挑战是艺术似乎离普通观众太遥远了。故选C项。
35. 词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“…think that there’s a base level of understanding required to join the conversation, the Getty initiative serves as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it.”可知，由于很多人认为参与对话需要基本水平的理解力，Getty博物馆的倡议提醒我们，可以有许多途径来参与其中，由此可推知，很多人感觉担心，参与艺术对话需要基本水平的理解能力，划线词“intimidated”意为“担心的”。故选B项。
36. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“This reaction proves that there is a potential desire for the audience to engage with art topics if the format is appealing.”可知，Getty博物馆的再创作活动证明，如果艺术形式具有吸引力，观众就有潜在的兴趣参与艺术主题；结合最后一段首句“But there is only so much that can be done without the museums and galleries changing meaningfully from within.”可知，但如果博物馆和画廊不从内部进行有意义的改变，我们能做的就只有这么多了。由此可推知，在作者看来，博物馆和画廊应该作出有意义的改变，举办像Getty博物馆那样的再创作活动，才能吸引观众。故选B项。
37. 推理判断题。第一段中“We have reached the point of recognising the disconnection between art and the audience”提到“我们已经意识到艺术和观众之间的脱节”；根据第二段中“It offers an accessible pathway to art history with conversations on different topics.(它提供了一条通往艺术史的途径，可以就不同的话题进行对话)”及第三段中“the Getty initiative serves as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it.(Getty博物馆的倡议提醒我们，可以有许多途径来参与其中)”可知，普通观众缺乏理解和谈论艺术史的渠道。故选A项。(共17张PPT)
推理判断题
【常考题型】
题型1 深层推断题 周密逻辑分析推断隐含意义
题型2 意图推断题 依据文体特点推断写作意图
题型3 观点态度题 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断
题型4 文章出处题 根据文章体裁和内容推断文章出处
【真题示例】
【题型1】深层推断题
【典例展示】 (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·C篇节选)
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated.
31.What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader
A.The printed book is not totally out of date.
B.Technology has changed the way we read.
C.Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D.People now rarely have the patience to read.
【策略分析】
第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。
关键词: What, want to say, by mentioning the e-reader
第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。
定位原文信息:Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated.(第四段)
第三步:根据关键词和定位信息可以推知,作者提到电子阅读器说明,这显示了人们认为信息技术的发展一度使得印刷书籍过时了,但是现在的情况却正好相反,故选_______。
A
【要点提示】
考生在解答本题时,很容易误选B项。这是受到文中的Continued developments in communication technologies的误导,仔细分析会发现,这里不是强调科技的发展,而是为了说明书籍印刷。克服这种误导的方法就是找准题干关键词,以及关键词和原文信息对应的关系。
【题型2】意图推断题
【典例展示】 (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·B篇节选)
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水)from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
26.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A.To review John’s research plans.
B.To show an application of John’s idea.
C.To compare John’s different jobs.
D.To erase doubts about John’s invention.
【策略分析】
第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。
关键词:What, purpose, mentioning Fuzhou
第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。
定位原文信息:Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.(第五段)
第三步:根据关键词和定位信息可知,第五段通过举两个例子,即South Burlington和中国的福州,来说明John的生态机器在现实生活中有着实际的运用。故选 _______。
B
【要点提示】
考生在解题时,很容易误选C项。造成误选的原因是,第五段中的Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs,该句似乎是在说约翰从事许多工作,这样理解语境是错误的,因为下文叙述了约翰所做的事情,其目的都是一样的,都是有关污水治理的问题。
【题型3】观点态度题
【典例展示】 (2023·全国甲卷·C篇节选)
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor...
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity...
31.What does the author think of Weiner’s book
A.Objective and plain.
B.Daring and ambitious.
C.Serious and hard to follow.
D.Humorous and straightforward.
【策略分析】
第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。
关键词: What, think of, Weiner’s book
第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。
定位原文信息:He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor(第五段); The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity(第六段)
第三步:根据关键词和定位信息可知,作者认为这是一本幽默的、有趣、犀利、简单易懂的书。故选_______。
D
【要点提示】
做推理判断题需要找到作出推理判断的根据,并避免脱离原文而进行随意的推断。本题中A项具有干扰性,但选项中的objective的意思是“客观的”,plain的意思是“简易的”,这些意思和文章相反。故可排除。
【题型4】文章出处题
【典例展示】 (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·C篇节选)
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world...
In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures...
28.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.An introduction to a book.
B.An essay on the art of writing.
C.A guidebook to a museum.
D.A review of modern paintings.
【策略分析】
第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。
关键词: Where, the text, taken from
第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。
定位原文信息:Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world...(第一段)
In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures...(第二段)
第三步:根据关键词和定位信息可知,文章第一段中提到Reading Art:Art for Book lovers, the book和第二段中的In this“book of books”等信息均说明,本文选自对一本有关阅读艺术的书的介绍, 故选 _______。
A
【技巧归纳】
技巧1 “逻辑分析”突破深层推断题
技巧2 “文体特点”突破意图推断题
技巧3 “语境褒贬”突破观点态度题
技巧4 “文章体裁”突破文章出处题
