选择性必修三 Unit 5语法：语法精讲精练
定语从句复习
一、复习定语从句
I.关系代词引导的定语从句
1. 常用的关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as(在从句中作主语、宾语、定语、表语)。
2. 意义及作用：
成分 代替人 代替物
主语 who/that that/which
宾语 whom/who/that (可省略) that/which (可省略)
定语 whose/of whom whose/of which
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
这里有一些方法可以帮你找到正确的方向。(that在从句中作主语)
Is he the man who/that wants to see you
他是那个想见你的男人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man (whom/that/who) I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that/who在从句中作宾语)
The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)
The girl whose parents are both teachers is working hard.
这个父母都是教师的女孩学习很刻苦。(whose在从句中作定语)
3. 定语从句的先行词为事或物时，只能用that不能用which引导的情况：
(1)先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。
That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.
那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
(2)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。
The first thing that we should do is to get some food.
我们应该做的第一件事是弄点食物。
(3)先行词是不定代词时，如all, few, little, much, anything, nothing, something等。
Nothing that the teacher does doesn’t influence his students.
老师所做的事情没有不影响到学生的。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时。
The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.
你刚才谈到的那位作家以及他的小说确实很出名。
(5)先行词被only, the very, no, one of等修饰时。
My necklace is not the only thing that's missing.
我不只是丢了一条项链。
(6)在由which, who, whom引导的问句中，为避免重复，常用that。
Which is the movie that you like best
哪部电影是你最喜欢的？
(7)先行词在主句中作表语，或者关系代词本身作从句的表语时宜用that。
China is no longer the country that she was.
中国再也不是原来的那个国家了。
4. 只能用which而不能用that的情况：
(1)当先行词表示事物意义，并且在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用which。
The world in which we live is made of matter.
我们生活的世界是由物质组成的。
(2)在非限制性定语从句中，当关系词表示事物意义时，只能用which。
The sun heats the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow.
太阳给予大地热量，这就使植物的生长成为可能。
5. 只能用who而不能用that的情况：
(1)先行词是one, ones, anyone, those或被those修饰，指人时，只用who引导。
One who does not work hard will never succeed.
不努力工作的人永远不会成功。
(2)在There be...句型中，先行词为人时。
There is a comrade outside who wants to see you.
外面有个同志要见你。
(3)在非限制性定语从句中，关系词指人时。
I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from America.
我在街上遇见了一个刚从美国来的朋友。
【即学即练1】 用适当的关系代词填空
①The professor who/that taught me chemistry in 1980 did the research.
②This is the boy whose father died three years ago.
③The film that/which we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting.
④They work in a factory which/that makes radio parts.
⑤This is the vision phone through which we can see and talk to our friends.
⑥Those who want to go to the computer room write your names here.
⑦Who is the person that is standing at the gate
⑧He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
II.关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词 先行词 句法功能
when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong.
但就像所有的表演一样，也会有出错的时候。
This is the village where we worked ten years ago.
这就是十年前我们工作过的那个村庄。
Do you know the reason why he is absent
你知道他缺席的原因吗？
【名师点津】关系副词与关系代词的易混点：
若先行词为一些表示地点的抽象名词，如situation, point, stage, position, part, condition, case等，且关系词在从句中作状语，则常用关系副词where或“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that或which引导。
I have come to the point where/at which I can’t stand him.
我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。
He’s got into the situation where/in which he is in debt.
他已经陷入负债累累的境地。
At last he got the position (that/which) he had been dreaming of.
他最终得到了他梦寐以求的那个职位。
【即学即练2】用适当的关系词填空
①This is the case where he’s had all his money stolen.
②The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely.
③There are several research centres in China where a certain disease called bird flu is being studied.
④The time is not far away when modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.
⑤Can you help me to think of a reason that/which seems reasonable for my being absent
III.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
构成 用法
名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词 可转化为“whose＋名词”结构
数词/形容词的最高级＋of＋关系代词 数词还可以被some, many, most, each等不定代词替换
介词(短语)＋关系代词 关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换
介词＋关系代词＋名词 关系代词常用which 和whose
Recently, I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very high.
最近，我买了一个古代的花瓶，它的价格很高。
He has ten cousins, the youngest of whom is very clever.
他有十个表兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。
We are looking for the person to whom the book belongs.
我们正在寻找这本书的主人。
There is a big window in my room, from which I can see the railway station.
我的房间里有一个大窗户，透过它我可以看到火车站。
Lily might possibly come, in which case I’ll ask her.
莉莉可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。
【名师点津】关系代词前介词选择三原则：
一看先行词，二看动词，三看意义。
(1)一看先行词，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。
I never forget the day on which I came to this school.
我永远忘不了我来这所学校的那一天。
(2)二看动词，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。
This is the iPad on which I spent 3,000 yuan.
这就是我花了三千元买的苹果平板电脑。
(3)三看意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
This is my pair of glasses without which I cannot see clearly.
这就是我的那副眼镜，没有它我看不清楚。
【即学即练3】用适当的“介词＋关系代词”结构填空
①100℃ is the temperature at which water will boil.
②Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future.
③Great changes have taken place in the city in which she grew up.
④They have four children, the daughter of whom is working in that big company now.
⑤Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.
⑥He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.
IV. which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
which as
先行词 先行词可以是一个名词，也可以是一个句子 先行词只能是句子
位置 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活，可置于句首、句中、也可置于句末
搭配 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, know, expect, remember等
词意 表示“这一点；这件事” 表示“正如……；正像……那样”
His work is progressing smoothly, as we expected.
正如我们所预期的那样，他的工作正在顺利地进展。
He failed in the experiment, which was unexpected.
他试验失败了，这是没有料到的。
As we all know, paper was first made in China.
正如大家所知，纸最早被中国发明。
【即学即练4】用适当的关系词填空
①He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.
②There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.
③As is known to all, the earth is round.
④“You can’t judge a book by its cover,” as the old saying goes.
二、单句语法填空：
1. The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of __________ was based loosely on the Beatles.
2. In today’s competitive economy __________ everyone is trying to do more with less, you’ve got to figure out a way to profit from the very beginning.
3. Bill Gates, for __________ money isn’t a problem, still lives a very simple life now.
4. The reason __________ he explained to us was that he hadn’t read it before.
5. This is the pilot with __________ my brother has worked for ten years.
6. At that moment an attractive young lady __________ noticed my book came up to me.
7. Long, long ago, the King of the Skies had a lovely daughter, to __________ he made many careful plans for her future.
8. She created a charity in memory of her grandmother, __________ passed away from Alzheimer’s disease.
9. The valley including a museum claims to be the only place __________ visitors can safely observe wild Asian elephants.
10. According to a study published in the UK recently, those __________ like jogging and do this kind of exercise regularly for at least one hour a week have very high chances to live a longer life.
11. As the weather gets warmer and the air becomes drier, people tend to feel their mouths and tongues are dry, __________ can cause colds or coughs.
12. The Crescent Spring, __________ beauty attracts tourists from home and abroad, has become a romantic paradise for visitors.
13. While it’s wonderful for people __________ want to see what these museums offer and teach them, it’s not
always the best for the museums facing increasing hardships in terms of Funding.
14. Tai Chi Chuan, __________ is famous as a kind of martial art, has been practiced China for centuries.
15. The 2020 Summer Olympics, __________ were planned for this summer in Tokyo, have been formally put off until 2021 because of COVID-19.
16. In Aug 2019, Liang won the gold medal at the 45th World Skills Competition in Electronics in Kazan, Russia, __________ is the biggest vocational education and skills excellence event in the world, organized every second year by the World Skills International with an aim to show the skills and promote career of youth.
17. Still, when you start your journey of positive thinking, you shall meet wonderful new people, with __________ you can share positive attitude.
18. There they met people from other parts of the country, __________ had also volunteered to help.
19. It marked the successful conclusion of China’s current three-step lunar exploration program of orbiting and landing, and bringing back samples, __________ began in 2004.
20. In today’s world global __________ warming is a serious issue, the bicycle is a perfect way of reducing our carbon footprint.
21. The rising number of wild birds in the reserve has brought a benefit for birdwatchers, even outside the reserve, __________ are able to spot oriental storks (东方白鹤) and other wild birds.
22. The University of Virginia researchers __________ ran the study followed 169 subjects aged 15 to 25 every year for a decade.
23. Originally the leaves were baked into a brick, a part of __________ could be broken off and made into a powder.
24. The sample, __________ includes 1,700 grams of lunar rocks and soil, is larger than previous ones.
25. Passengers now can travel from Beijing’s center to Xiongan New Area within 50 minutes, thanks to the Beijing-Xiong Intercity Railway, __________ was officially put into use on Sunday, a significant step in boosting the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei city cluster.
26. While flying through the wind, it produced sound like the music produced by guzheng, __________ is a traditional Chinese musical instrument.
27. Learn how to make use of eye contact and other body language flexibly so that you are perceived to be polite, and so that you can better connect with people __________ are foreign to you!
28. The tables quickly turned for an 89-year-old pizza delivery driver __________ received a surprise delivery of his own from “regulars”.
29. It also helps older passengers and those __________ need help walking the last few steps to the boarding gate. saved many people’s lives in 2003.
30. Kataria also offer books and DVDs to people __________ don’t have access to a local Laughter Club.
31. The poem implies that Lu Xun would serve the people heart and soul and would never give in to enemies, __________ fully expresses the poet’s loyalty to the people.
32. His breakout video, __________ his process of painting Qi tian Dasheng (Monkey King) is shown, has won more than 408,000 likes, making him popular on the platform.
33. Now as a Chinese international, Wu is working hard to show that “there are players in China __________ can shine in the best leagues in the world”, he told Global Times.
34. The most famous of these is the Great Red Spot, __________ is so big that Earth could fit inside it.
35. As Gan’s fame grew, they began to sell fruit from their family orchard, __________ soon fell short of demand.
36. Young adults __________ have been exposed to loud noise over a period of time may have some hearing loss symptoms.
37. He became interested in two theories __________ possibly explained how cholera killed people.
38. Practising yoga or Tai Chi can help to keep our bodies supple, __________ in turn can lower joint pain and help to protect us from injury.
39. The road itself has already been completed, and now it’s only a matter of connecting the grid (输电网), __________ is expected to be finished by the end of the year alongside the completion of the Jinan Expressway’s south section.
40. Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31 --- __________ works alongside her in the family business —said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award.
41. His movie won several awards at the film festival, __________ was beyond his wildest dream.
42. It was on the farm __________ we worked that I got to know her. wanted to buy it.
43. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases __________ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
44. It is reported that two schools, both of __________ are being built in my hometown, will open next year.
45. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity __________ sight matters more than hearing.
46. I find teaching fun and challenging, which is a job __________ you are doing something serious but interesting
47. It’s helpful to put children in a situation __________ they can see themselves differently.
48. __________ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.
49. Many children, __________ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.
50. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city __________ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
【答案】
1. which 2. where 3. whom 4. that / which 5. whom 6. who 7. whom 8. who 9. where 10. who 11. which 12. whose 13. who / that 14. which 15. which 16. which 17. whom 18. who 19. which 20. where 21. who 22. who / that 23. which 24. which 25. which 26. which 27. who / that 28. who / that 29. who 30. who 31. which 32. where 33. who / that 34. which 35. which 36. who / that 37. that / which 38. which 39. which 40. who 41. which 42. where 43. where 44. which 45. where 46. where 47. where 48. As 49. whose 50. whose
三、高考真题回顾：
1. (2023·全国乙卷) But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place __________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life......
2. (2023·新课标全国III卷) Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, __________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.
3. (2022·新高考全国I卷) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species __________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
4. (2022·全国甲卷) On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, __________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
5. (2021·新高考全国II卷) I decided that if I learned of a company __________ used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back.
6. (2020·新高考全国I卷) The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum __________ opened in 1759.
7. (2020·全国I卷) Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
8. (2020·新高考全国II卷) The Digital World is a set of volumes __________ aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.
9. (2020·新高考全国III卷) In ancient China lived an artist __________ paintings were almost lifelike.
10. (2019·新课标II卷) Now Irene Astbury works from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, __________ she opened with her late husband Les.
11. (2019·新课标III卷) They were well trained by their masters __________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
12. (2019·浙江卷) On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth __________ gives off light in the dark.
13. (2019·江苏卷改编) We have entered into an age __________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
14. (2019·天津卷改编) Their child is at the stage __________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
15. (2019·北京卷) The students benefiting most from college are those __________ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life.
16. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ) Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 __________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
【答案与解析】
1.【解析】考查定语从句。此空修饰前面表示地点的名词，并同时在从句中做主语，只能用关系代词。故填that / which。
2.【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。空前有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。
3.【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处应用限制性定语从句的关系词，指代先行词species，指物，并在从句中作主语，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。故填that。
4.【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词是Cao Shengkang，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以填who。
5.【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构可知，所填的词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中做主语，所以用which或that。
6.【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填的词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，所以用which或that。故填which / that。
7.【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词是表示地点的spot，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作状语，故填where。
8.【解析】考查定语从句。所填的词引导限制性定语从句，修饰前面的名词volumes，指物，并在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
9.【解析】考查定语从句引导词。此处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词artist,指人，且定语从句中缺少定语，故填whose。
10.【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作
opened的宾语，故用which。
11.【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters(主人)，且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
12.【解析】考查定语从句。此空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，且从句中缺少主语，因此用that或which引导。故填that/which。
13.【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age(一个时代)，且从句中缺少时间状语，所以关系词用when。
14.【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where。
15.【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。此空引导定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who。
16.【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处引导定语从句，a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
四、语篇语法填空：
(1)
As a famous productive poet, Lu You from the Song Dynasty 1 (write) more than 20,000 poems in his lifetime. The reason 2 Lu You could write so much poetry was that he was talented, but more 3 (important), he also lived a long life. According to historical records, he lived to be 85 years old, the 4 (long) living poet in the Song Dynasty.
However, Lu You was weak when he was a child. Lu You joined the military as 5 adviser in his middle age and started to exercise his body and learn martial arts. After training for two years, Lu You could shoot down a flying eagle 6 (use) a bow and arrow, and he even killed a tiger.
During his later years, Lu You started the body building 7 (call) chosho, or shouts, a long and loud cry. Chosho was quite popular in ancient 8 (time), which was not roaring or whistling, but a 9 (skill) health method. When ancient people did chosho, they opened their body, breathed in deep and then breathed out in rhyme.
Chosho can relax your body and put you in a good mood. 10 Lu You, chosho helped him get rid of diseases and medicine.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了宋朝的著名诗人陆游长寿的原因。
1. wrote 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语in his lifetime可知，空处应用一般过去时。故填wrote。
2. why 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用why引导此定语从句。故填why。
3. importantly 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词作状语，修饰整个句子。故填importantly。
4. longest 考查形容词的最高级。根据空前的定冠词the可知，此处表示“寿命最长的诗人”，应用最高级。故填longest。
5. an 考查冠词。此处表示泛指，意为“作为一名顾问”；adviser是可数名词，且其发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
6. using 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是“could shoot down”，故空处应用非谓语动词形式。由于use与主语Lu You之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式作方式状语。故填using。
7. called 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语是started，故空处应用非谓语动词形式。call与被修饰词body building之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用其过去分词形式作后置定语。故填called。
8. times 考查名词的数。空处表示“时代”，应用time的复数形式。故填times。
9. skillful 考查形容词。空处修饰名词词组health method，应用形容词形式作定语，表示“一种有技巧的保健方式”。故填skillful。
10. For 考查介词。此处指“对于陆游来说，长啸帮助他远离了疾病和药物”。空处表示“对于”，应用介词for，且位于句首，单词首字母大写。故填For。
(2)
Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet, a BBC one-hour documentary, was launched on April 6 this year. It was the first time that Du’s life 1 (put) in a global context.
For the Chinese, Du, 2 style of poetry is called realism, is more than a poet; he has been the guardian of the moral of the nation. The BBC gave great 3 (recognise) to the works of Du for his unique 4 (way) to express his concern for his country and people.
To explore his life and discover what the poet means to China and the Chinese people, the film crew had an 5 (extreme) tough time tracking the footsteps of the eighth-century poet.
6 Du’s poems were mostly written in plain and simple language, they are not an easy watch for many foreigners. To help overseas audiences make sense of the poet’s great achievements in literature, Du is compared 7 Shakespeare in this documentary. Also, the program invited McKellen, 8 screen actor who played Gandalf in The Lord of the Rings movies, 9 (read) 15 of Du’s poems that had been translated into English. With all these efforts 10 (make), foreigners can better understand what makes Du’s works so special.
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了BBC推出的一部名为《杜甫：中国最伟大的诗人》的纪录片，并对杜甫作了简单介绍。
1. 考查动词时态和语态，句意：这是杜的生活第一次被置于全球背景下。空处为谓语动词，It was the first time that...“这是某人第一次做某事”，固定句型，从句谓语动词应使用过去完成时，主语Du’s life与put之间为被动关系，所以应用过完成时的被动语态。故填had been put。
2. 考查定语从句。句意：对中国人来说，杜的诗歌风格被称为现实主义，他不仅仅是一个诗人；他一直是民族道德的守护者。此处为定语从句，先行词为Du，从句缺少定语，应用关系代词whose，修饰style of poetry。故填whose。
3. 考查名词。句意：英国广播公司对杜的作品给予了高度的认可，因为他以独特的方式表达了对国家和人民的关注。由句意及空前的The BBC gave great可知应填名词形式，作宾语。故填recognition。
4. 考查名词复数。句意：英国广播公司对杜的作品给予了高度的认可，因为他以独特的方式表达了对国家和人民的关注。由句意及空前的for his unique可知应填名词复数形式ways，作宾语。故填ways。
5. 考查副词。句意：为了探索他的生活，发现这位诗人对中国和中国人民意味着什么，摄制组花了非常艰难的时间来追踪这位8世纪诗人的足迹。由句意及空后的形容词tough可知应填副词形式，作状语，修饰tough。故填extremely。
6. 考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然杜的诗大多是用朴素的语言写的，但对许多外国人来说，这些诗并不容易看懂。此处为让步状语从句，从句位于句首，应用引导词though/although /while，且首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。
7. 考查介词。句意：为了帮助海外观众理解这位诗人在文学上的伟大成就，在这部纪录片中将杜与莎士比亚进行了比较。be compared with/to“与……进行比较”，固定搭配。故填with/to。
8. 考查冠词。句意：此外，该节目还邀请了曾在《指环王》系列电影中饰演甘道夫的演员麦克莱恩朗读了杜诗的15首英译诗。由句意此处表示“一位银幕演员”，应用不定冠词，表示泛指。故填a。
9. 考查不定式。句意：此外，该节目还邀请了曾在《指环王》系列电影中饰演甘道夫的演员麦克莱恩朗读了杜诗的15首英译诗。invite sb to do...“邀请某人做某事”，不定式作宾语补足语。故填to read。
10. 考查过去分词。句意：通过这些努力，外国人可以更好地理解杜的作品如此特别的原因。空处应填非谓语动词，efforts与make之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表示被动，构成with复合结构。故填made。
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(3)
The animated film Chang An has become a surprise hit, earning 1 impressive 600 million yuan at the box office of the Chinese mainland within just ten days of its release. It has appealed to audiences of all ages, who
2 (passionate)recite poetry alongside the characters on screen, taking them on a fantastic journey. This film not only identifies with the Chinese people but also allows the world 3 (explore) the rich tradition of Tang poetry and the “Chinese Poetry Universe.”
The story centers around the deep friendship between poet Gao Shi and the romantic poet Li Bai offering a brief look into the glorious history of the Tang era, 4 is known for its economic prosperity and cultural advancement. The 48 Tang poems 5 (feature) in the movie present a view of the most excellent poets of that time as well as their political ambitions and ideals. These poems transport audiences 6 deserts to mist-filled regions along the Yangtze River.
Chang An is undoubtedly a masterpiece that shows the unique 7 (characteristic) of Chinese culture to the world. In China, poets and their poems 8 (consider)national treasures. These poems describe not only the historical changes of a dynasty, but also 9 (people) understanding of the world. The film has raised the audiences’ 10 (aware) and enhanced their love and belief in Chinese culture.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一部名为《长安》的动画电影，该电影在中国大陆上映仅十天就取得了6亿元的票房成绩，吸引了各个年龄段的观众。
1. 考查冠词。句意：动画电影《长安》出人意料地大受欢迎，上映仅十天就在中国大陆获得了令人印象深刻的6亿元票房。分析句子结构，因空白处后面有名词，根据冠词的用法，名词前需使用不定冠词，表示“一个”含义，因空白处后面词的第一个发音音素为元音，故填an。
2. 考查副词。句意：它吸引了各个年龄段的观众，他们热情地朗诵诗歌与屏幕上的角色一起，带他们踏上一段奇妙的旅程。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中修饰谓语动词recite作状语，使用副词，故填passionately。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这部电影不仅认同了中国人，也让世界探索了唐诗的丰富传统和“中国诗歌宇宙”。分析句子结构，allow sb to do为固定短语，含义为“使得……得以做某事”，符合句意，故填to explore。
4. 考查定语从句。句意：故事围绕诗人高适和浪漫主义诗人李白之间的深厚友谊展开，简要回顾了唐代以经济繁荣和文化进步而闻名的辉煌历史。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为：Tang era，因关系词指代先行词在定语从句中作主语，指物，使用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：影片中的48首唐诗展现了当时最优秀的诗人以及他们的政治抱负和理想。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语Tang poems之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，故填featured。
6. 考查介词。句意：这些诗歌将观众从沙漠带到长江沿岸薄雾弥漫的地区。分析句子结构，transport sth
from…to…为固定短语，含义为“把某物从……带到……”，符合句意，故填from。
7. 考查名词。句意：《长安》无疑是一部向世界展示中国文化独特特色的力作。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，因此处表示的是数目不确定的名词，使用复数形式，故填characteristics。
8. 考查时态和语态。句意：在中国，诗人及其诗歌被视为国宝。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，又因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are considered。
9. 考查名词所有格。句意：这些诗不仅描述了一个朝代的历史变迁，也描述了人们对世界的理解。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语，使用名词所有格，故填people’s。
10. 考查名词。句意：这部电影提高了观众的意识，增强了他们对中国文化的热爱和信仰。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，aware为形容词，其名词为：awareness，故填awareness。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(4)
Percy Shelley, an English poet, was born on August 4th, 1792. He is 1 (wide) known as one of the most important 2 (figure) of the Romantic Movement in English literature. Shelley received early education at home and later and 3 (admit) to Eton College at the age of 12, which has a long history of more than 500 years, 4 (date) back to the 15th century. Then he attended Oxford University shortly after he turned 18.
As 5 romantic poet, some of his poems, like Ode to the West Wind and Ode to A Skylark, are among the most famous poems in English. 6 , in his own time, Shelley was very unpopular for his political and 7 (religion) views. Fortunately, he successively (先后地，连续地) met Byron and Keats and befriended with them during his tour around Europe after he married Mary Godwin, his second wife, 8 later became famous as Mary Shelley, the author of the novel Frankenstein.
About a month before his 30th birthday, Shelley went to Leghorn 9 (welcome) his friend Leigh Hunt. During the stormy return voyage, his small boat sank and he drowned. It was his body 10 wasn’t washed ashore until days later .
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是英国诗人珀西·雪莱的生平。
1. 考查副词。句意：他被公认为英国文学浪漫主义运动的重要人物之一。空格处用副词修饰形容词known，wide的副词为widely，意为“广泛地”，故填widely。
2. 考查名词的复数。句意：他被公认为英国文学浪漫主义运动的重要人物之一。one of后跟名词的复数，即figures，故填figures。
3. 考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：雪莱在家中接受了早期教育，12岁时考入伊顿公学。伊顿公学已有
500多年的历史，可以追溯到15世纪。Eton College是伊顿公学，是大学，“被大学录取”为固定短语be admitted to，主语Shelley是单数，由at the age of 12可知，时态用一般过去时，因此空格处为一般过去时的被动语态was admitted。故填was admitted。
4. 考查现在分词。句意：雪莱在家中接受了早期教育，12岁时考入伊顿公学。伊顿公学已有500多年的历史，可以追溯到15世纪。句中谓语为received early education at home and later and 3 (admit) to Eton College at the age of 12，空格处用非谓语形式，date的逻辑主语Eton College与date之间为主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，作后置定语， 故填dating。
5. 考查不定冠词。句意：作为一个浪漫主义诗人，他的一些诗，如《西风颂》和《云雀颂》，是最著名的英文诗。poet是可数名词，此处表泛指，前面需加不定冠词，romantic为辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。
6. 考查连词。句意：然而，在他自己的时代，雪莱的政治和宗教观点非常不受欢迎。根据前面的the most famous poems和was very unpopular可知，前后两句为转折关系，因此空格处用表示转折的连词however，位于句首，首字母大写，故填However。
7. 考查形容词。句意：然而，在他自己的时代，雪莱的政治和宗教观点非常不受欢迎。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词views，religion的形容词为religious， 意为“宗教的”， 故填religious。
8. 考查定语从句的引导词。句意：幸运的是，他在与第二任妻子玛丽·戈德温(后来以小说《弗兰肯斯坦》的作者玛丽·雪莱而闻名)周游欧洲后，接连遇到了拜伦和济慈，并与他们成为朋友。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词Mary Godwin, his second wife指人，因此空格处用关系代词who，故填who。
9. 考查不定式。句意：大约在他30岁生日的前一个月，雪莱去里窝那欢迎他的朋友利·亨特。由Shelley went to Leghorn 9 (welcome) his friend Leigh Hunt可知，空格处用不定式表目的，故填to welcome。
10. 考查强调句。句意：他的尸体几天后才被冲上岸。根据It was和句意可知，句子为强调句，其结构为it is/was+被强调的部分+who/that+其他部分，句中被强调的部分his body，是物，因此空格处用that，故填that。
(5)
At the back of King’s College there is a memorial stone in white marble to honour the Chinese poet Xu Zhimo. 1 (move) to the UK in 1921, Zhimo spent a year studying at King’s where he 2 (fall) in love not only with the romantic poetry of English poets like John Keats, but also with Cambridge 3 (it).
His poem, Second Farewell to Cambridge, 4 is considered to be his most famous one, is now a compulsory text on Chinese literature, 5 (learn) by millions of school children across our country every year. The poem 6 (vivid) paints a portrait of King’s and the River Cam, and serves 7 a reminder of Xu
Zhimo’s fondness for his time in Cambridge.
While the poem had been set to music many times before, the English composer John Rutter, one of the mainstream classical 8 (musician), was invited by King’s College to make the first musical setting of the text. The new piece, written and recorded in 9 (celebrate) of the near 100year link between King’s College 10 Xu Zhimo, has been released on a new album on the King’s College Record Label.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要为剑桥国王学院官网上关于《再别康桥》专辑的介绍。
1. Moving 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语为spent，而且没有连词，且主语Zhimo与move 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词。故填Moving。
2. fell 考查动词的时态。根据前面的spent 可知，此处要用一般过去时。故填fell。
3. itself 考查代词。根据语境可知，徐志摩不仅爱上了浪漫诗歌，而且还爱上了剑桥本身，应用反身代词。故填itself。
4. which 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词，先行词为his poem，指物，应用which来引导该从句。故填which。
5. learnt 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词形式，且“诗歌”与“学习”是逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填learnt。
6. vividly 考查副词。此处修饰动词paints，应用副词形式。故填vividly。
7. as 考查介词。serve as“当作，作为”，为固定短语。故填as。
8. musicians 考查名词的数。one of 后用名词复数形式。故填musicians。
9. celebration 考查名词。in celebration of“为了纪念……”，为固定短语。故填celebration。
10. and 考查连词。between...and...“在……和……之间”，为固定搭配。故填and。选择性必修三 Unit 5语法：语法精讲精练
定语从句复习
一、复习定语从句
I.关系代词引导的定语从句
1. 常用的关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as(在从句中作主语、宾语、定语、表语)。
2. 意义及作用：
成分 代替人 代替物
主语 who/that that/which
宾语 whom/who/that (可省略) that/which (可省略)
定语 whose/of whom whose/of which
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
这里有一些方法可以帮你找到正确的方向。(that在从句中作主语)
Is he the man who/that wants to see you
他是那个想见你的男人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man (whom/that/who) I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that/who在从句中作宾语)
The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)
The girl whose parents are both teachers is working hard.
这个父母都是教师的女孩学习很刻苦。(whose在从句中作定语)
3. 定语从句的先行词为事或物时，只能用that不能用which引导的情况：
(1)先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。
That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.
那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
(2)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。
The first thing that we should do is to get some food.
我们应该做的第一件事是弄点食物。
(3)先行词是不定代词时，如all, few, little, much, anything, nothing, something等。
Nothing that the teacher does doesn’t influence his students.
老师所做的事情没有不影响到学生的。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时。
The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.
你刚才谈到的那位作家以及他的小说确实很出名。
(5)先行词被only, the very, no, one of等修饰时。
My necklace is not the only thing that's missing.
我不只是丢了一条项链。
(6)在由which, who, whom引导的问句中，为避免重复，常用that。
Which is the movie that you like best
哪部电影是你最喜欢的？
(7)先行词在主句中作表语，或者关系代词本身作从句的表语时宜用that。
China is no longer the country that she was.
中国再也不是原来的那个国家了。
4. 只能用which而不能用that的情况：
(1)当先行词表示事物意义，并且在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用which。
The world in which we live is made of matter.
我们生活的世界是由物质组成的。
(2)在非限制性定语从句中，当关系词表示事物意义时，只能用which。
The sun heats the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow.
太阳给予大地热量，这就使植物的生长成为可能。
5. 只能用who而不能用that的情况：
(1)先行词是one, ones, anyone, those或被those修饰，指人时，只用who引导。
One who does not work hard will never succeed.
不努力工作的人永远不会成功。
(2)在There be...句型中，先行词为人时。
There is a comrade outside who wants to see you.
外面有个同志要见你。
(3)在非限制性定语从句中，关系词指人时。
I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from America.
我在街上遇见了一个刚从美国来的朋友。
【即学即练1】 用适当的关系代词填空
①The professor __________ taught me chemistry in 1980 did the research.
②This is the boy __________ father died three years ago.
③The film __________ we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting.
④They work in a factory __________ makes radio parts.
⑤This is the vision phone through __________ we can see and talk to our friends.
⑥Those __________ want to go to the computer room write your names here.
⑦Who is the person __________ is standing at the gate
⑧He talked about the teachers and schools __________ he had visited.
II.关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词 先行词 句法功能
when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong.
但就像所有的表演一样，也会有出错的时候。
This is the village where we worked ten years ago.
这就是十年前我们工作过的那个村庄。
Do you know the reason why he is absent
你知道他缺席的原因吗？
【名师点津】关系副词与关系代词的易混点：
若先行词为一些表示地点的抽象名词，如situation, point, stage, position, part, condition, case等，且关系词在从句中作状语，则常用关系副词where或“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that或which引导。
I have come to the point where/at which I can’t stand him.
我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。
He’s got into the situation where/in which he is in debt.
他已经陷入负债累累的境地。
At last he got the position (that/which) he had been dreaming of.
他最终得到了他梦寐以求的那个职位。
【即学即练2】用适当的关系词填空
①This is the case __________ he’s had all his money stolen.
②The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point __________ he can walk correctly and safely.
③There are several research centres in China __________ a certain disease called bird flu is being studied.
④The time is not far away __________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.
⑤Can you help me to think of a reason __________ seems reasonable for my being absent
III.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
构成 用法
名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词 可转化为“whose＋名词”结构
数词/形容词的最高级＋of＋关系代词 数词还可以被some, many, most, each等不定代词替换
介词(短语)＋关系代词 关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换
介词＋关系代词＋名词 关系代词常用which 和whose
Recently, I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very high.
最近，我买了一个古代的花瓶，它的价格很高。
He has ten cousins, the youngest of whom is very clever.
他有十个表兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。
We are looking for the person to whom the book belongs.
我们正在寻找这本书的主人。
There is a big window in my room, from which I can see the railway station.
我的房间里有一个大窗户，透过它我可以看到火车站。
Lily might possibly come, in which case I’ll ask her.
莉莉可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。
【名师点津】关系代词前介词选择三原则：
一看先行词，二看动词，三看意义。
(1)一看先行词，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。
I never forget the day on which I came to this school.
我永远忘不了我来这所学校的那一天。
(2)二看动词，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。
This is the iPad on which I spent 3,000 yuan.
这就是我花了三千元买的苹果平板电脑。
(3)三看意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
This is my pair of glasses without which I cannot see clearly.
这就是我的那副眼镜，没有它我看不清楚。
【即学即练3】用适当的“介词＋关系代词”结构填空
①100℃ is the temperature __________ water will boil.
②Wind power is an ancient source of energy __________ we may return in the near future.
③Great changes have taken place in the city __________ she grew up.
④They have four children, the daughter __________ is working in that big company now.
⑤Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none __________ has been proved.
⑥He wrote many children’s books, nearly half __________ were published in the 1990s.
IV. which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
which as
先行词 先行词可以是一个名词，也可以是一个句子 先行词只能是句子
位置 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活，可置于句首、句中、也可置于句末
搭配 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，
如see, hear, know, expect, remember等
词意 表示“这一点；这件事” 表示“正如……；正像……那样”
His work is progressing smoothly, as we expected.
正如我们所预期的那样，他的工作正在顺利地进展。
He failed in the experiment, which was unexpected.
他试验失败了，这是没有料到的。
As we all know, paper was first made in China.
正如大家所知，纸最早被中国发明。
【即学即练4】用适当的关系词填空
①He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.
②There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.
③As is known to all, the earth is round.
④“You can’t judge a book by its cover,” as the old saying goes.
二、单句语法填空：
1. The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of __________ was based loosely on the Beatles.
2. In today’s competitive economy __________ everyone is trying to do more with less, you’ve got to figure out a way to profit from the very beginning.
3. Bill Gates, for __________ money isn’t a problem, still lives a very simple life now.
4. The reason __________ he explained to us was that he hadn’t read it before.
5. This is the pilot with __________ my brother has worked for ten years.
6. At that moment an attractive young lady __________ noticed my book came up to me.
7. Long, long ago, the King of the Skies had a lovely daughter, to __________ he made many careful plans for her future.
8. She created a charity in memory of her grandmother, __________ passed away from Alzheimer’s disease.
9. The valley including a museum claims to be the only place __________ visitors can safely observe wild Asian elephants.
10. According to a study published in the UK recently, those __________ like jogging and do this kind of exercise regularly for at least one hour a week have very high chances to live a longer life.
11. As the weather gets warmer and the air becomes drier, people tend to feel their mouths and tongues are dry, __________ can cause colds or coughs.
12. The Crescent Spring, __________ beauty attracts tourists from home and abroad, has become a romantic paradise for visitors.
13. While it’s wonderful for people __________ want to see what these museums offer and teach them, it’s not always the best for the museums facing increasing hardships in terms of Funding.
14. Tai Chi Chuan, __________ is famous as a kind of martial art, has been practiced China for centuries.
15. The 2020 Summer Olympics, __________ were planned for this summer in Tokyo, have been formally put off until 2021 because of COVID-19.
16. In Aug 2019, Liang won the gold medal at the 45th World Skills Competition in Electronics in Kazan, Russia, __________ is the biggest vocational education and skills excellence event in the world, organized every second year by the World Skills International with an aim to show the skills and promote career of youth.
17. Still, when you start your journey of positive thinking, you shall meet wonderful new people, with __________ you can share positive attitude.
18. There they met people from other parts of the country, __________ had also volunteered to help.
19. It marked the successful conclusion of China’s current three-step lunar exploration program of orbiting and landing, and bringing back samples, __________ began in 2004.
20. In today’s world global __________ warming is a serious issue, the bicycle is a perfect way of reducing our carbon footprint.
21. The rising number of wild birds in the reserve has brought a benefit for birdwatchers, even outside the reserve, __________ are able to spot oriental storks (东方白鹤) and other wild birds.
22. The University of Virginia researchers __________ ran the study followed 169 subjects aged 15 to 25 every year for a decade.
23. Originally the leaves were baked into a brick, a part of __________ could be broken off and made into a powder.
24. The sample, __________ includes 1,700 grams of lunar rocks and soil, is larger than previous ones.
25. Passengers now can travel from Beijing’s center to Xiongan New Area within 50 minutes, thanks to the Beijing-Xiong Intercity Railway, __________ was officially put into use on Sunday, a significant step in boosting the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei city cluster.
26. While flying through the wind, it produced sound like the music produced by guzheng, __________ is a traditional Chinese musical instrument.
27. Learn how to make use of eye contact and other body language flexibly so that you are perceived to be polite,
and so that you can better connect with people __________ are foreign to you!
28. The tables quickly turned for an 89-year-old pizza delivery driver __________ received a surprise delivery of his own from “regulars”.
29. It also helps older passengers and those __________ need help walking the last few steps to the boarding gate. saved many people’s lives in 2003.
30. Kataria also offer books and DVDs to people __________ don’t have access to a local Laughter Club.
31. The poem implies that Lu Xun would serve the people heart and soul and would never give in to enemies, __________ fully expresses the poet’s loyalty to the people.
32. His breakout video, __________ his process of painting Qi tian Dasheng (Monkey King) is shown, has won more than 408,000 likes, making him popular on the platform.
33. Now as a Chinese international, Wu is working hard to show that “there are players in China __________ can shine in the best leagues in the world”, he told Global Times.
34. The most famous of these is the Great Red Spot, __________ is so big that Earth could fit inside it.
35. As Gan’s fame grew, they began to sell fruit from their family orchard, __________ soon fell short of demand.
36. Young adults __________ have been exposed to loud noise over a period of time may have some hearing loss symptoms.
37. He became interested in two theories __________ possibly explained how cholera killed people.
38. Practising yoga or Tai Chi can help to keep our bodies supple, __________ in turn can lower joint pain and help to protect us from injury.
39. The road itself has already been completed, and now it’s only a matter of connecting the grid (输电网), __________ is expected to be finished by the end of the year alongside the completion of the Jinan Expressway’s south section.
40. Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31 --- __________ works alongside her in the family business —said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award.
41. His movie won several awards at the film festival, __________ was beyond his wildest dream.
42. It was on the farm __________ we worked that I got to know her. wanted to buy it.
43. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases __________ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
44. It is reported that two schools, both of __________ are being built in my hometown, will open next year.
45. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity __________ sight matters more than hearing.
46. I find teaching fun and challenging, which is a job __________ you are doing something serious but interesting
47. It’s helpful to put children in a situation __________ they can see themselves differently.
48. __________ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.
49. Many children, __________ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.
50. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city __________ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
三、高考真题回顾：
1. (2023·全国乙卷) But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place __________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life......
2. (2023·新课标全国III卷) Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, __________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.
3. (2022·新高考全国I卷) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species __________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
4. (2022·全国甲卷) On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, __________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
5. (2021·新高考全国II卷) I decided that if I learned of a company __________ used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back.
6. (2020·新高考全国I卷) The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum __________ opened in 1759.
7. (2020·全国I卷) Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
8. (2020·新高考全国II卷) The Digital World is a set of volumes __________ aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.
9. (2020·新高考全国III卷) In ancient China lived an artist __________ paintings were almost lifelike.
10. (2019·新课标II卷) Now Irene Astbury works from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, __________ she opened with her late husband Les.
11. (2019·新课标III卷) They were well trained by their masters __________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
12. (2019·浙江卷) On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth __________ gives off light in the dark.
13. (2019·江苏卷改编) We have entered into an age __________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
14. (2019·天津卷改编) Their child is at the stage __________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
15. (2019·北京卷) The students benefiting most from college are those __________ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life.
16. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ) Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 __________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
四、语篇语法填空：
(1)
As a famous productive poet, Lu You from the Song Dynasty 1 (write) more than 20,000 poems in his lifetime. The reason 2 Lu You could write so much poetry was that he was talented, but more 3 (important), he also lived a long life. According to historical records, he lived to be 85 years old, the 4 (long) living poet in the Song Dynasty.
However, Lu You was weak when he was a child. Lu You joined the military as 5 adviser in his middle age and started to exercise his body and learn martial arts. After training for two years, Lu You could shoot down a flying eagle 6 (use) a bow and arrow, and he even killed a tiger.
During his later years, Lu You started the body building 7 (call) chosho, or shouts, a long and loud cry. Chosho was quite popular in ancient 8 (time), which was not roaring or whistling, but a 9 (skill) health method. When ancient people did chosho, they opened their body, breathed in deep and then breathed out in rhyme.
Chosho can relax your body and put you in a good mood. 10 Lu You, chosho helped him get rid of diseases and medicine.
(2)
Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet, a BBC one-hour documentary, was launched on April 6 this year. It was the first time that Du’s life 1 (put) in a global context.
For the Chinese, Du, 2 style of poetry is called realism, is more than a poet; he has been the guardian of the moral of the nation. The BBC gave great 3 (recognise) to the works of Du for his unique 4 (way) to express his concern for his country and people.
To explore his life and discover what the poet means to China and the Chinese people, the film crew had an 5 (extreme) tough time tracking the footsteps of the eighth-century poet.
6 Du’s poems were mostly written in plain and simple language, they are not an easy watch for many foreigners. To help overseas audiences make sense of the poet’s great achievements in literature, Du is compared
7 Shakespeare in this documentary. Also, the program invited McKellen, 8 screen actor who played Gandalf in The Lord of the Rings movies, 9 (read) 15 of Du’s poems that had been translated into English. With all these efforts 10 (make), foreigners can better understand what makes Du’s works so special.
(3)
The animated film Chang An has become a surprise hit, earning 1 impressive 600 million yuan at the box office of the Chinese mainland within just ten days of its release. It has appealed to audiences of all ages, who 2 (passionate)recite poetry alongside the characters on screen, taking them on a fantastic journey. This film not only identifies with the Chinese people but also allows the world 3 (explore) the rich tradition of Tang poetry and the “Chinese Poetry Universe.”
The story centers around the deep friendship between poet Gao Shi and the romantic poet Li Bai offering a brief look into the glorious history of the Tang era, 4 is known for its economic prosperity and cultural advancement. The 48 Tang poems 5 (feature) in the movie present a view of the most excellent poets of that time as well as their political ambitions and ideals. These poems transport audiences 6 deserts to mist-filled regions along the Yangtze River.
Chang An is undoubtedly a masterpiece that shows the unique 7 (characteristic) of Chinese culture to the world. In China, poets and their poems 8 (consider)national treasures. These poems describe not only the historical changes of a dynasty, but also 9 (people) understanding of the world. The film has raised the audiences’ 10 (aware) and enhanced their love and belief in Chinese culture.
(4)
Percy Shelley, an English poet, was born on August 4th, 1792. He is 1 (wide) known as one of the most important 2 (figure) of the Romantic Movement in English literature. Shelley received early education at home and later and 3 (admit) to Eton College at the age of 12, which has a long history of more than 500 years, 4 (date) back to the 15th century. Then he attended Oxford University shortly after he turned 18.
As 5 romantic poet, some of his poems, like Ode to the West Wind and Ode to A Skylark, are among the most famous poems in English. 6 , in his own time, Shelley was very unpopular for his political and 7 (religion) views. Fortunately, he successively (先后地，连续地) met Byron and Keats and befriended with them during his tour around Europe after he married Mary Godwin, his second wife, 8 later became famous as Mary Shelley, the author of the novel Frankenstein.
About a month before his 30th birthday, Shelley went to Leghorn 9 (welcome) his friend Leigh Hunt. During the stormy return voyage, his small boat sank and he drowned. It was his body 10 wasn’t washed
ashore until days later .
(5)
At the back of King’s College there is a memorial stone in white marble to honour the Chinese poet Xu Zhimo. 1 (move) to the UK in 1921, Zhimo spent a year studying at King’s where he 2 (fall) in love not only with the romantic poetry of English poets like John Keats, but also with Cambridge 3 (it).
His poem, Second Farewell to Cambridge, 4 is considered to be his most famous one, is now a compulsory text on Chinese literature, 5 (learn) by millions of school children across our country every year. The poem 6 (vivid) paints a portrait of King’s and the River Cam, and serves 7 a reminder of Xu Zhimo’s fondness for his time in Cambridge.
While the poem had been set to music many times before, the English composer John Rutter, one of the mainstream classical 8 (musician), was invited by King’s College to make the first musical setting of the text. The new piece, written and recorded in 9 (celebrate) of the near 100year link between King’s College 10 Xu Zhimo, has been released on a new album on the King’s College Record Label.
