牛津深圳版初中英语九年级下册Module 2 Environmental problems>Unit 4 Natural disasters单元知识点总结精讲精练

九年级下册Unit 4 Natural disasters单元总结及练习
【必记单词】
earthquake n.地震
flood n.（使）灌满水，淹没
badly adv.严重地，厉害地
alive adj.活着，在世
pool n.水坑，水塘
pass v.通过
dead adj.（因为缺电）不运行的
stare v.盯着看，凝视，注视
notice v.注意到，意识到
awake v.（使）醒来
immediately adv.马上，即刻
missing adj.失踪的
【短语归纳】
natural disaster 自然灾害
think of 想起，想到
be interested in ... 对......感兴趣
be worried about 担心
dream about 梦见，梦到
6.such as 例如
pass by 通过；经过
8.stick with 持续，坚持
worry about 担心
10.think about 考虑
stare at 盯着看，凝视
12.in surprise 惊讶地
for now 暂时
14.so...that... 如此......以至于......
wait for 等候
16.pack up 收拾行李
for example 例如
18.write down写下
survival kit 救生包
20.in the end最后
from...to... 例如
22.how far 多远
23.pay attention to 注意，留心 24.fall down倒塌
25.at once 立刻 26.as...as possible 尽可能......地
27.wake up 醒来 28.in case of 假如
29.stay away from... 远离......
30.sit around 无所事事地消磨时间；闲坐
31.fall on deaf ears 不被理睬，不被注意
【用法集萃】
1.start to do sth. 开始做某事
2.have to do sth.必须/不得不做某事
3.try to do sth. 试图/尽力做某事
4.it is/was adj. to do sth. 做某事是......的
5.afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事
6.have no time to do sth. 没有时间做某事
7.it seems that +从句 似乎......
8.want to do sth. 想要做某事
9.stop doing sth. 停止做某事
10.ask sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事
11.be able to do sth. 能够做某事
12.suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
13.It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.（某人）花费多少时间做某事
14.make +宾语+形容词 使某人/某物......
15.find sb.+doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事
16.let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
17.adj./adv. enough to do sth 足够......可以做某事
18.had better do sth. 最好做某事
19.help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
20.expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事
21.keep doing sth. 一直做某事
【经典句型】
1. It’s important to stick with it.坚持工作很重要。
2. I have no time to think about the flood.我没有时间考虑洪水。
3. It took a long time to build the house.建这座房子花了很长时间。
4. It seems that nob ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ody is paying any attention to the flood.似乎没有人关注那场洪水。
5. It is not a good i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dea to sit around and worry about the flood.闲坐着担心洪水不是一个好主意。
【重点语法】
it 作形式主语的用法
代词it可以用来代替一个名词、一个短语、一个句子，在句中作主语或宾语。本单元学习it作形式主语的几种情况。
1. it作主语指时间、日期、天气、距离和气温等。
It’s nine o’clock now. （指时间）
It is much colder than it was yesterday. （指天气）
It is about 5 kilometres from here to my home. （指距离）
It is very hot in the classroom. （指气温）
It is Sunday today. （指日期）
2. It作形式主语代替动词不定式，常用于以下句型中：
(1) it is/was adj. (of/for) sb. to do sth.
当表语是与事物的特征有关的形容词时，如easy, difficult, hard, important,
necessary等，用介词for.
It is difficult for Lucy to learn physics.
It is interesting for us to play badminton.
当表语是描述人的性格、品质的形容词时，如k ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, stupid等，用介词of.
It is kind of you to help me.
It is clever ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of the little child to work out such a difficult math problem.
(2) it takes/took sb. some time to do sth.
It takes him an hour to do his homework every day.
(3) it is/was n. to do sth.
It is great fun to have a party here.
It was a great pleasure to work with you.
3.it作形式主语还常用于句型 “it seems/appears that +从句”，表示 “似乎/好像/看来......”
It seems that he knows everything.
It appears that we are wrong.
单元练习
一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。
1. The old man is d_________. He can’t hear anything.
2. My dog is m__________. Can you help me find it
3. All of them are ___________（注视）at the computer screen.
4. We don’t know whether he’s _________（活着）or dead.
5. The road was so narrow（狭窄）that cars were unable to _________（通过）.
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. This was the wor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st ___________(nature) disaster in the history of the United States.
2. Look! There are two _________(coach) in front of our school.
3. Some countries ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) would be _________(flood) if sea level around the world rose.
4. I have no time _________(think) about these questions.
5. Mary suggested _________(go) there by bus and I agreed.
三、单项选择
1. ---____________ is it from here to the railway station
---About ten kilometres.
A.How far B.How fast C.How soon D.How often
2. Mary feels unhappy because nobody seems to _________ her progress.
A.notice B.look C.watch D.read
3. What _________ it is!
A.nice day B.nice weather C.a nice weather D.nice a weather
4. The line is __________. What should we do
A.deaf B.alive C.dead D.missing
5. He hurt her _________ badly ________ she had to see a doctor.
A.too; that B.so; that C.either; or D.too; to
6. Each of us has to w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rite a __________________ report every two weeks.
A.two-hundred-word B.two-hundreds-word
C.two-hundreds-words D.two-hundred-words
7.---May I listen to music here, Mr. White
---Sorry, you’d better ________ it like that.
A.not to do B.not do C.don’t do D.not do to
8. My daughte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r wants a rabbit for long, but I have no time to buy _________for her.
A.it B.one C.the one D.that
9. His friends asked him ____________ up smoking.
A.give B.to give C.gave D.giving
10. When she heard the news, she looked at me __________ surprise.
A.for B.to C.at D.in
11. The little boy is ________ lovely ________ everyone likes him.
A.such; that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B.too; to C.so; that D.enough; that
12. __________ foggy day!
A. How B. What C.How a D. What a
13. Finish your hom ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ework first, and then you’ll ___________ watch TV for an hour.
A.can B.be able to C.able to D.could
14. Our teacher often asks us _________ questions in groups.
A.discuss B.to discuss C.discussing D.discussed
15. What a pity! Liu Xiang didn’t win the ___________ hurdles（跨栏）.
A.110-metre B.110-metres C.110 metre D.110 metes
16. ---Do you know that Mr. Zhang passes ________ last week
---Yes. He died _____________ illness.
A.away; of B.on; from C.by; with D.off; as
17. He lost his key ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). It made him _________ in the cold to wait for his wife’s return.
A.to stay B.stayed C.stays D.stay
18. ---You’d better _________ early. It is good for your health.
---Thanks. I’ll do as you say.
A.get up B.to get up C.getting up D.got up
四、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.在晚上他通常闲坐着玩电脑游戏。
In the evening, h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e usually _________ _________ playing computer games.
2.你应该多加注意你的发音。
You should ________ more __________ _________ your pronunciation.
3.我让孩子们保持安静，但是无人理睬。
I asked the children ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to keep quiet, but this ________ ________ ________ ears.
4.他们花了三天时间制作这个飞机模型。
________ took them three days ________ ________ the model plane.
5. 6路公交车每天从我家门前经过。
The No. 6 bus ________ ________ my door every day.
语法检测
按照句子结构的语法性，填入一个恰当的词。
_________is not easy to ask her stop.
Look at the baby! _______ is one year old.
__________was on Sunday, an American friend of mine came to see me.
__________is a very long way from here to Shenzhen Bookstore.
I found __________hard to go to sleep.
We can’t go out because ________is raining.
二．根据括号内的提示完成下面对话。
1. --- She looks r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ather pale, _______ (it / seems / that / wrong / something / her / with / there is)
--- Yes, she got a cold.
2. --- Did your fri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )end catch the train at last --- _______ (it / appears / failed / the train / that / to catch / he)
3. --- I think ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )we should think of a better idea to solve the problem. --- _______ (it / seems / right / that / you are)
三．将下列句子替换成用it作形式主语的句子。
1. To finish the ho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mework takes a lot of time and effort. __________________________________________
2. To face the situat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ion bravely takes a great deal of courage.________________________________________
3. To complete ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) such a complex task is very difficult.________________________________________________
4. To be polite and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) friendly to your colleagues is important.___________________________________________
5. To go fishing on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) weekends sounds like a good idea._______________________________________________
英英释义
In my view, we shoul ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dn’t take part in so many after- school activities.
A.place B.opinion C.memory D.way
My grandmother bec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ame stone deaf when she was 70 but she can guess what we say from our moving lips.
A.couldn’t see anything B.couldn’t move
C.couldn’t hear anything D.couldn’t speak
Besides Helen, she has another best friend.
A. Beside B. In addition to C. Despite D. Except
Easter is one of the two major Christian festivals.
A.formal B.unhelpful C.public D.important
Lend me your ears and I’ll tell you the secret.
A. You can hear me B. Listen to me carefully
C. Take my ears D. I’ll borrow you ears
He set up a company when he graduated from the university.
A.hung up B.founded C.worked in D.put on
The police burst in through the door and caught the bad man.
A.entered sudde ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nly B.broke down C.entered quietly D.picked up
Do you think that it is cruel to kill animals for school
A.causes pain an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d suffering B.costs much money
C.is pleasant D.is interesting
We need an amount of money to finish the job.
A.much more ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B.a quantity of C.not only D.some extra
You can talk to me at 3 this afternoon, I am available at that time.
A.sad B.busy C.free D.happy
语法填空
( 1 )
Without proper pl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )anning, tourism can cause____1____.(problem) For example, too many tourists can crowd public places ___2___ are also enjoyed by the citizens of a country. If tourism create too much traffic, the citizens will become ___3___ (anger) and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists ___4___ to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country’s economy. ___5___ is important to think about the people of a destination country and ___6___ tourism affects them. Tourism should help ___7___ country keep the customs and beauty that attracts tourists. Tourism should also advance the wealth and ___8___ (happy) of local citizens.
Too much tourism c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an be a problem. If tourism ___9___ (grow) too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work ___10___ the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the country’s economy can suffer.
Key：1. problems 2. th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at/which 3. angry 4. and 5. It 6. how 7. a 8. happiness 9. grows 10. in
( 2 )
London was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )awarded ____1____ 2012 Olympic Games on Wednesday, ___2___ (defeat) European rival Paris in the final round of voting to take the games back to British capital ___3____ the first time since 1948.
___4____ Moscow, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) New York and Madrid were eliminated (淘汰) in the first three rounds（回合). London beat Paris 54—50 on the fourth ballot(投票表决) of the IOC.
In London crowds ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cheered and waved flags as ___5____watched the announcement from Singapore ___6____ a giant screen in Trafalgar Square and in the east London area ___7___ the main Olympic complex (建筑群) will be based.
Blair spent two d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ays in lobbying(游说) in Singapore before leaving to host the G8 summit (8国峰会) in Scotland. “My promise ___8___ you is that we will be ____9___ （you）very best partners,” Blair said.
It’s the ____10___（twenty） bid (申办) from Britain after failed attempts by Birmingham for the 1992 Olympics and Manchester for the 1996 and 2000.
Key：1. the 2. defeating 3. for 4. After 5. they 6 .on 7. where 8. to 9. your 10.twentieth
完型填空
It was a Saturday a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fternoon. Mr. Green was reading a newspaper. Suddenly he heard his wife 1 in the next room. He hurried to her and asked, “What happened to you, my dear ”
“Oh, dear!” hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s wife cried out, “My head hurts! 2 a doctor. Hurry up!” Their two children were both 3 at that moment and something was wrong with the telephone. Mr. Green 4 go to a hospital himself. Bad luck! All the hospitals in the town were 5 that day. Mr. Green didn’t know 6 . Just then his friend, Mr. Brown, saw him and asked, “What is 7 ”
Mr. Green told ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )him everything. The man said, “Why not turn to 8 He can help you.”
Mr. Green rememb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ered his friend Mr. Black was a tood doctor. He hurried to Mr. Black’s. When he got there, Mr. and Mrs. Black were having their 9 meal. The doctor asked Mr. Green to drink with him. He was happy and sat 10 . After that they began to chat. And when Mrs. Black asked, “How is your wife ” “She is fine, thanks…” Mr. Green stopped at once----he remembered his wife was waiting for a doctor at home.
1. A. cryin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g B. laughing C. whispering D. singing
2. A. Look for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. Wait for C. Send for D. Ask for
3. A. in B. out C. up D. down
4. A. should B. could C. had to D. was able to
5. A. expensive ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. open C. free D. closed
6. A. when to go ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. how to go C. where to go D. what to deal with
7. A. the ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tter B. the wrong C. trouble D. problem
8. A. Mr. Brow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n B. Mr. Black C. Mr. Green D. Mrs. Green
9. A. lunch B. supper C. morning D. evening
10. A. in bed B. on floor C. at the table D. at home
1-5. A C B C D 6-10. C A B D C
阅读理解
A
Mr. King w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orked in a factory. He liked playing soccer and spent much time on it, so he was sometimes late for work. His boss was so angry that he fired Mr. King. Mr. King couldn’t find another job. Finally he got into trouble and lived a difficult life.
One of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his friends felt sorry for him and introduced him to a headmaster, whose school was just in need of swimming coaches. Mr. King began to teach the school children to swim. He wasn’t a good coach. Two months later, the children learned nothing. Few of them could swim.
It was a hot Sa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )turday. The children wouldn’t stay in the classroom and wanted to swim in the river. Mr. King failed to stop them. Before they started, he drew a red line below the knee of each child. He said to them, “Come out of the river at once if the water reaches the line.”
1. Why did the boss fire Mr. King
A. Because Mr. K ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing didn’t like his job. B. Because Mr. King was ill.
C. Because Mr. Ki ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng talked too much. D. Because Mr. King was sometimes late for work.
2. Mr. King couldn’t find another job and his life was ________.
A. happy B. hard C. relaxing D. free
3. Who helped Mr. King find a job in a school
A. The boss of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )factory B. His friend C. The school children D. Nobody
4. Two months later, the children learned nothing because ________.
A. Mr. King ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )taught them to play soccer B. they didn’t like swimming at all
C. they were a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fraid of water D. Mr. King was a poor coach
5. Mr. King __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____, so he drew a red line below the knee of each child.
A. didn’t want the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )children to swim B. wanted to make the children look funny
C. wanted to make ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the children happy D. wanted to help the children swim better
B
2011 is special y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ear for all the people in Shenzhen. The 26th World Universidad will be held in the city from August 12th to 23rd. As we all know, “ Start Here” is the slogan of this great event. Does anyone know that a new life of two giant pandas will start here as well Shenzhen is expecting the pair of pandas for the Summer Universidad. The pandas, a male and a female from Wolong Panda Research Center in Sichuan Province, will be “Universidad Pandas”, just like “Asian Games Pandas” and “Olympic Pandas”. Shenzhen Safari Park will rebuild its panda house to welcome the pandas. The panda house has been empty since another panda, Yongba, 25, was returned to Sichuan in 2009 because it was too old. How old are the Universiade Pandas What are their names What are they like What are their living habits We will find out the answers in June when they arrive.
1. The 26th World Universidad will begin on __________.
A. August 12 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th B. August 23rd C. September 12th D. September 23rd
2. The pair of pandas comes from ________.
A. Shenzhen B. Sichuan C. Guangzhou D. Beijing
3. Yongba is a(n) _________.
A. Universidad panda B. Asian Games Panda
C. Olympic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) panda D. panda that used to live in Shenzhen Safari Park
4. From the p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )assage we can know the _________of the Universidad Pandas.
A. arrival time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. ages C. names D. living habits
5. The passage tells us that __________.
A. the slogan of the 26th World Universidad is “Just Do It”
B. there will be two male pandas coming to Shenzhen
C. Yongba left Shenzhen in 2009
D. Wolong Panda R ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )esearch Center will build a panda house for the Universiade Pandas
C
Fish and apple ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )soup Yes, and you won’t believe how delicious it is. This first came out of a restaurant in Singapore, but it is now very popular as the soup du jour in Chinese restaurants.
Ingredients (serves 4):
1 whole fish
2 apples, quartered
4-6 ginger slices (姜片)
1 bunch of spring onions, cut into pieces
1red tomato, cut into 8 pieces
Oil, salt and pepper
Methods:
1. Remove the bones from the fish
2. Pour oil into ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a pan. Fry the ginger slices and the spring onions. Add the fish bones and fry.
3. Add enough water and boil it for about 15 to 20 minutes.
4. Add the app ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )les, the fish and the tomato. When the apples go soft, add salt and pepper.
1. This passage is probably ___________.
A. a poem B. a piece of news C. a story D. a recipe
2. The name of the soup in Chinese restaurants is _________.
A. du jour soup ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. tomato soup C. onion soup D. ginger soup
3. The underlined word "quartered" means __________.
A 榨汁 B. 切成四份 C. 洗净 D. 剁碎
4. If you want to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cook the soup for 8 people, you will need _________ red tomato(es).
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
5. In what order s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hould you add the ingredients while cooking the soup
A. apples, fish ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and tomato→ ginger slices and spring onions→ oil→ fish bones
B. oil→ fis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h bones→ ginger slices and spring onions→ apples, fish and tomato
C. oil→ ging ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er slices and spring onions→ fish bones→ apples, fish and tomato
D. ginger slice ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s and spring onions→ fish bones→ apples, fish and tomato→ oil
D
Friday January 28.2011
China's world num ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ber seven Li Na became the first Chinese tennis player to reach a Grand Slam final at this year's Australian Open. "It was the first match easy or tough Nothing between." said Li, who has defeated Zahlavpva Strycova on her way to the Australian Open final.
Tuesday March 5\2011
Besides China, mor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e than 70 countries have offered Japan help after the earthquake. Two US search and rescue teams, with 144 stuff and 12 dogs, have begun work; The southern Afghan city of Kandahar announced it would donate (捐赠) $50.000 to die "brothers and sisters" of Japan
Thursday May 19,2011
Canada pop star J ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ustin. Bieber got a hugely disappointing greeting when he arrived in Hong Kon8 on Wednesday. Just seven fans showed up at the city's airport to greet Bieber. Bieber's concert—one of the last shows in his "My World" tour—is on Friday in Hong Kong,
Monday May 30. 2011
A serious drought a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )loft] the Yang River has affected over 34 million people, leaving farmers and livestocks (牲畜) without water. Over 4.23 million people are having difficulty finding enough drinking water, |while more than 5 million need help to tight against the drought.
1. Li Na _________.
A. is one of the top table tennis players in the world
B. is the first player to reach a Grand Slam final
C. didn’t say anything about the match
D. beat Zahlavaya Strycova on her way to the Australian Open final
2. Two search an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d rescue teams from _________have begun work in Japan.
A. Australi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a B. the US C. the UK D. Afghanistan
3. Justin Bibber mig ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ht feel _________when he arrived at Hong Kong airport.
A. disappointed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. happy C. excited D. bored
4. When a drought happens, people are short of ________.
A. money B. oil C. food D. water
5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the news
A. An Afghan city of Kandahar will donate $50,000 to Japan.
B. More tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n 4.23 million people find it difficult to get enough drinking water.
C. All the Chinese were proud of Li Na after she won the match.
D. The concert ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Bibber will have in Hong Kong is one of his last shows in his “My World”tour.
E
Look closely ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at your hands. Are they clean It doesn’t matter how many times you wash your hands, tiny microbes（微生物）still stay on them. But don’t worry. Most microbes don’t harm you.
Now scientists ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )say the microbes on our hands could be used in a surprising way: fighting crime. According to a recent study, microbes as well as fingerprints（指纹）could be used to identify the criminal.
Everyone has his own ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) set of microbes on the hands. That is to say, if you and your best friend were able to see and compare all the microbes on your hands, your hands probably would look different. Some microbes only show up on your hands while others live only on your friend’s hands.
When you work on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a computer, you leave the microbes from your hands on the keyboard.The scientists can easily tell the owner of the keyboard by looking at the microbes on it. Even if you don't leave your fingerprints behind, your microbes may give you away.
Noah Fierer, a scie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntist says, “You can only clean a fingerprint, but you can’t sterilize（使无菌）a surface just by wiping（擦）it off.” He says that scientists have a lot more work to do before the microbe is used as a useful tool.
1. According to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )passage, ________could be used to identify the criminal.
A. fingerpri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nts B. scientists’ hands
C. microbe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s D. fingerprints and microbes on people’s hands
2. Paragraph 3 tells us that ______.
A. our hands look s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )imilar B. the microbes will make the keyboard dirty
C. we should compa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re our hands often D. we have our own sets of microbes
3. When you work on a computer, the microbes ______.
A. just stay on yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ur hands B. also stay on the keyboard
C. will do harm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to you D. will disappear
4. From Noah Fierer we know that _________.
A. fingerprints are no longer useful in fighting crime
B. microbes can’t be found on everyone’s hands
C. unlike microbes, fingerprints can be cleaned if people wipe them
D. the microbe is used as a useful tool
5. What’s the best title of the passage
A. Microbes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )May Tell Who You Are B. Scientists Say Everyone Has Microbes
C. Noah Fierer D ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oes Research Into Microbes D. Fingerprints Help Catch Criminals
Key：A 1-5. D B ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B D A B 1-5. ABDAC C 1-5. DABBC D 1-5. DBADC E 1.-5 DDBCA
第五节 写作： 如何写好一篇英语作文，我们要从以下几个方面着手：
如何用词：措辞要遵循习惯，选词要确切达意，用词要简明扼要。
例如：1. We rise early every day.
2. We get up early every day.
这两句都意为“我们每天起床很早”,但是2更通俗易懂。
又如：high 和 tall 都有“高”的意思，但表示身高要用“tall”,表示位置高用“high”，用词时，我们要尽量
做到：宁用常用词，不用偏僻词；宁用具体词，不用抽象词。
例如：1.His name is called Tom..
2.His name is Tom.
以上两次都表示“他叫汤姆“这样的信息，但是2更简单明了。
如何写好句子：初中英语书面表达多数是提示性写作，所以只要用正确的句子表达出所给图画或提纲等提示的内容就能得到高分。常见方法如下：
直译法： 简单说就是直接翻译句子，用合适的词汇短语，结合一定的语法知识，按照句子的结构特点直接
用英语写出对应的句子即可。例如：他不喜欢踢足球： He doesn’t like playing football.
分解法：就是把一个长句子分成两个或两个以上的句子。这样可以降低写错句子的几率。
例如： 全国各地来的学生中，有许多是北方人。
Students h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere are from all over the country. Many of them are from the North.
合并法： 就是把两个或两个以上的句子用一个复合句或较复杂的简单句表达出来。这种方法能够体改文章
的层次和可读性，例如：
我们迷路了，这使我们的野营旅行变成了一次冒险。
Our camping trip turned into an adventure when we got lost.
移位法：由于汉语和英语在表达习惯上存在差异。根据表达的需要，某些成分需要前置或后移。例如：
他发现学好英语很容易。 He found it easy to learn English well.
迂回法：有的同学在写句子时，一遇到生词或不熟悉的表达就不知所措，其实，我们可以在保持原意的基
础上，用不同的表达方式写出来。例如：
你可以同我们一起去或待在家中，悉听尊便。
You can go with us or stay at home. Either is OK.
如何设计文章段落
内容要完整：一个完整的段落既要有中心，也要有围绕中心的描述，所给的要点要全面。
过渡要自然：正确使用连接词对写作起着非常重要的作用，常用的连接词有：
and, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) then, after,in the same way, moreover, howover, in fact, finally, in a word等等。
展开要有法： 描写事件注意先后顺序，描写空间注意上下远近，左右高低等顺序。
写作任务：暑假即将来临， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )某校学生会打算在假期举行为贫困地区或受灾地区（disaster area）d的孩子奉献爱心的活的，请你用英语写一封倡议书，号召同学们用力所能及的方式伸出援手，奉献自己的爱心。
要求：1. 文中应该包括：至少两种帮助方式及这样做的目的和意义；
2. 词数80—100,短文的开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear schoolmates:
While you are sitting ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in our bright classroom,remember there are lots of children in the disaster areas needing our help badly. Summer vacation is coming. Let’s do something to help them.
As students ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考例文：
Dear schoolmates:
While you are si ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tting in our bright classroom,remember there are lots of children in the disaster areas needing our help badly. Summer vacation is coming. Let’s do something to help them.
As students, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )we can give away our pocket money, school things, some of our clothes or toys. We can also donate some books to them in order to open up their eyes to the outside world. We may raise money for charity by collecting used bottles,plastics,waste paper and so on, or by doing part—time jobs, such as handing out advertisements, selling newspaper and so on. Making pen pals with them will be a better way to help them deal with problems in their study.