2023-2024学年暑假七升八牛津深圳版（广州沈阳通用）第七讲预习八上 Unit 1 Encyclopaedias（含解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023-2024学年暑假七升八牛津深圳版（广州沈阳通用）
预习八上 Unit 1
【词汇归纳】
﹡encyclopaedia n.百科全书
human adj.人的
dinosaur n.恐龙
﹡Italian n.意大利人
inventor n. 发明家
musician n. 音乐家
scientist n.科学家
born v. (be born)出生
countryside n.乡村; 农村
intelligence n.才智;智慧
﹡artistic adj. 有艺术天赋的
ability n. 才能；能力
perhaps adv.可能;大概
invention n. 发明
notebook n. 笔记本
include v. 包括；包含
even adv. (强调出乎意料) 甚至
however adv. 然而
suddenly adv.突然；忽然
nobody pron. 没有人
﹡fossil n. 化石
win v. (won, won) (在比赛中)获胜,赢
dollar n.元（美国、加拿大等国货币单位）
in the countryside在乡村;在农村
human being人
die out灭绝;消失
find out了解(到);弄清
go for a walk去散步
【重要语法归纳】
不定代词
一、some 和any
some 和any都可以修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词，表示“一些…….”,但是二者在用法上还是有一定的区别的。
1、some一般用于肯定句或者表示建议请求并希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中。
David has some friends in shanghai.
May I have some chicken
Would you like some noodles
2、any一般用于否定句和疑问句中，用于never, hardly, without等词之后，用于if / whether之后。
Mary hasn’t hardly got any pens.
Let us hope we can settle the matter without any more trouble.
Do you have any question
二、复合不定代词
复合不定代词 一般是用some, any, no, every与one, thing, body组合构成的。
1、一般来说，some构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句中，any构成的复合不定代词用于否定句或疑问句中。
I saw nobody.
There is not anybody in the room.
Is there anything on the bookcase
2、复合不定代词作主语的时候，谓语用单数形式。
Somebody wants to see you.
3、形容词修饰复合不定代词的时候，要放在代词的后面
Do you have anything important to tell us
【课堂练习】
一、单词拼写
1．　 　 (也许) I'll see him tomorrow, but I'm not sure.
2．You'd better take a　 　(笔记本) to write down the important information.
3．Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before　 　beings (人类).
4．I think the most helpful　 　(发明) is the light bulb.
5．What a hot day! The weather report says it will be　 　(甚至) hotter tomorrow.
6．We can learn about the dinosaurs from their　 　(化石).
7．Edison was a great　 　(发明家) of America.
8．He showed great　 　(才智) in painting when he was young.
9．When I arrived at the party, I found I knew　 　(没有人) there.
10．He has the　 　(能力) to be an artist.
11． Xiao Ming is very clever, he has the a　 　 to work out all the problems.
12．At the age of five, he w　 　 the first prize in a piano competition.
13． —How much is the book
—Twenty d　 　.
14． Edison was a great i　 　 in the world.
15． P　 　 he is right, but I'm not very sure.
16． Madam Curie (居里夫人) was the only famous woman s　 　 in the world.
17． He was very tired. H　 　, he went on working.
18．A week l　 　, he got enough money to buy
the book.
19．I read an article about dinosaurs in the n　 　
yesterday.
20．The stone looked l　 　 a big egg.
二、适当形式填空
21． You'll find that the plan 　 　 (include) most of your suggestions.
22． The 　 　 (fox) are lovely.
23． Taking too much exercise after meals is 　 　 to your health. (harm)
24． Under the "double reduction" policy, kids have many new after-school 　 　 (activity).
25． Dr Black felt tired because he had two 　 　 (operate) yesterday.
三、完形填空
26．完形填空
There was a young
painter who made money by painting portraits (肖像画).
His dream was （1） famous. One day, a rich lady asked him to
paint a portrait for her and promised to pay （2） 10,000 dollars.
After a week, the lady
came to take the painting. The painting was wonderful, （3） she was not happy with it. She told the young
painter, "I will buy this painting only for 3,000 dollars." The young
painter felt （4） at what she said. Then he （5） with the lady, hoping that she would keep her
promise.
The rich lady said to
the painter, "The person in the painting is me. If I don't buy this
painting, nobody else will buy it. So you have to sell it to me for 3,000
dollars."
The young painter said
（6） , "No, I prefer not to sell it rather than be humiliated (羞辱) by you. Someday, you need to spend 20 times the money （7） the painting, because you break your promise
today."
After that, the
painter worked very （8） day and night. Finally, he became famous in
the field of art.
The rich lady soon
forgot about the artist and what he had told her. But one day, one of her （9） told her, "There is a painter selling a
painting called 'Liar' (说谎的人) for
200,000 dollars. The lady in the painting looks really like you."
Then, the rich lady
remembered the painter. She quickly went to （10） sorry to him and paid 200,000 dollars to buy
the portrait.
（1）A．to become B．becomes C．became D．becoming
（2）A．he B．his C．himself D．him
（3）A．so B．or C．and D．but
（4）A．surprise B．surprised C．surprises D．surprising
（5）A．talk B．talked C．talks D．is talking
（6）A．angrily B．angrier C．angry D．more angrily
（7）A．on B．of C．for D．in
（8）A．hardly B．hard C．harder D．hardest
（9）A．friend B．friends C．friendly D．friendship
（10）A．say B．said C．to say D．saying
四、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。
Once upon a time in Greece, there lived a young man called Narcissus. He lived in a small village by the sea and was famous on the land because he was quite handsome. Villagers would turn up on the streets to stare at the beautiful child.
When he grew up, people always said, "How handsome Narcissus is!" Villagers thought that Narcissus could not be any more handsome than he already was. But as years passed Narcissus became a teenager. His beauty grew and became so great that he was known all over the country of Greece.
As he grew, Narcissus was very proud of his good-looking face.
"Oh! You are so handsome. Narcissus!" Narcissus said one day as he looked into a pool, "There's nobody more handsome in the whole world! I'd love to kiss you. And that's just what I'll do!"
He leaned closer to the water. Suddenly he lost his balance and fell into the pool. Narcissus tried to reach the bank of the pool, but he could not swim and he drowned.
27．When Narcissus came out in the street, ____.
A．there were always many people to see him
B．everyone went home in a hurry
C．some people would take photos of him
D．no one would like to talk to him
28．The purpose of the writer by writing the third and the fourth paragraph is ____.
A．to tell us that a handsome man was difficult to succeed
B．to show Narcissus was more and more handsome
C．to show Narcissus was too proud to see himself clearly
D．to tell us that Narcissus should look at others, not himself
29．From the paragraph we can infer that ____.
A．Narcissus was talking to one of his friends
B．one of Narcissus' friends wanted to help him
C．Narcissus was talking to himself
D．Narcissus had fallen in love with a girl
30．The story is mainly about ____.
A．a poor man who didn't want to do anything
B．a man who thought himself to be better than he really was
C．how to teach children to learn better
D．what to do when you met a handsome boy
答案解析部分
一、1．【答案】Perhaps
【解析】【分析】句意：或许我明天见他，但我不确定。根据汉语提示，可知用，也许perhaps，副词，表示不确定，此处修饰整个句子作状语，位于句首，要大写，故填Perhaps。
【点评】考查副词拼写。注意识记perhaps的用法。
2．【答案】notebook
【解析】【分析】句意：你最好带一个笔记本把重要的信息写下来。根据汉语提示，可知用笔记本notebook，可数名词，空格前有不定冠词a，用可数名词单数，故填notebook。
【点评】考查名词拼写。注意不定冠词a修饰可数名词单数。
3．【答案】human
【解析】【分析】句意：恐龙比人类早6000多万年生活在地球上。根据汉语提示，可知用固定短语human beings，故填human。
【点评】考查名词拼写。注意识记human beings的词义。
4．【答案】invention
【解析】【分析】句意：我认为最有用的发明是灯泡。根据汉语提示，可知用，发明invention，可数名词，由连系动词is，可知主语用可数名词单数invention，故填invention。
【点评】考查名词拼写。注意根据汉语提示和主谓一致，写出正确的名词。
5．【答案】even
【解析】【分析】句意：多热的一天！天气预报说明天会更热。根据汉语提示，可知用even，副词，修饰形容词比较级hotter，作状语，故填even。
【点评】考查副词拼写。注意识记even的用法。
6．【答案】fossils
【解析】【分析】句意：我们可以从恐龙的化石中了解它们。根据汉语提示，可知用化石fossil，可数名词，空格前有their，修饰可数名词复数fossils，故填fossils。
【点评】考查名词拼写。注意their修饰可数名词复数。
7．【答案】inventor
【解析】【分析】句意：爱迪生是美国伟大发明家。根据汉语提示，可知用发明家inventor，可数名词，空格前有不定冠词a，用可数名词单数，故填inventor。
【点评】考查名词拼写。注意识记inventor的用法。
8．【答案】intelligence
【解析】【分析】句意：他年轻时在绘画方面表现出极大的才智。根据汉语提示，可知用才智intelligence，不可数名词，此处作动词showed的宾语，故填intelligence。
【点评】考查名词拼写。注意识记intelligence为不可数名词。
9．【答案】nobody
【解析】【分析】句意：当我到达聚会时，我发现我在那里一个人也不认识。根据汉语提示，可知用没有人nobody，不定代词作knew的宾语，故填nobody。
【点评】考查不定代词的拼写。根据汉语提示，写出正确不定代词。
10．【答案】ability
【解析】【分析】句意：他有能力成为一名艺术家。根据汉语提示，可知用，能力ability，可数名词，由空格后 to be an artist. 表示特指艺术家的能力，用the表示特指，用可数名词单数ability，故填ability。
【点评】考查名词拼写。注意识记ability的用法。
11．【答案】ability
【解析】【分析】句意：小明很聪明，他有能力解出所有的题。根据句子Xiao Ming is very clever. 小明很聪明。结合首字母，可知此处是指有能力解决问题，能力，ability，空格前the为定冠词，后加名词，此处应用ability，故答案为ability。
【点评】考查名词的拼写，注意识记ability的用法。
12．【答案】won
【解析】【分析】句意：在5岁时，他赢得钢琴比赛一等奖。根据句子结构可知缺少谓语动词，由 at the age of five可知，他赢得钢琴比赛一等奖发生在过去，故填 won 。
【点评】考查动词作谓语。注意识记win的过去式和用法。
13．【答案】dollars
【解析】【分析】句意：——这本书多少钱？——二十美元。根据句子How much is the book 这本书多少钱？结合首字母，可知此处是指二十美元，美元，应用复数名词dollars，故答案为dollars。
【点评】考查名词的拼写，注意识记dollars的用法。
14．【答案】inventor
【解析】【分析】句意：爱迪生是世界上伟大的发明家。根据主语Edison，爱迪生，结合常识和首字母，可知此处是指爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家，发明家，inventor，空格前a，后加单数可数名词，可知此处应用inventor，故答案为inventor。
【点评】考查名词的拼写，注意识记inventor的用法。
15．【答案】Perhaps
【解析】【分析】句意：也许他是对的，但我不敢肯定。根据句子but I'm not very sure. 但我不敢肯定。结合首字母，可知此处是指也许他是对的，也许，perhaps，副词，位于句首，首字母大写，故答案为Perhaps。
【点评】考查副词的拼写，注意识记perhaps的用法。
16．【答案】scientist
【解析】【分析】句意：居里夫人是世界上唯一一位著名的女科学家。根据空格前Madam Curie (居里夫人) was the only famous woman. 居里夫人是世界上唯一一位著名的女......。结合常识，可知居里夫人是唯一一位女科学家，科学家，scientist，此处应用单数名词scientist，故答案为scientist。
【点评】考查名词的拼写，注意识记scientist的用法。
17．【答案】However
【解析】【分析】句意：他很累。然而，他继续工作。根据句子He was very tired. 他很累。结合空格后表达继续工作，可知前后句为转折关系，此处为独立成分，位于句首，首字母大写，应用However，故答案为However。
【点评】考查副词的拼写，注意识记however的用法。
18．【答案】later
【解析】【分析】句意：一周后，他得到了足够的钱买这本书。根据句子结构可知，由逗号与句子分开，表示时间且空格处位于一段时间名词之后，要用副词。结合首字母，要用副词later，以后。故填later。
【点评】考查副词later的拼写。根据一段时间+later，表示一段时间之后，常与一般过去时连用。
19．【答案】newspaper
【解析】【分析】句意：我昨天在报纸上读到一篇关于恐龙的文章。根据 read an article和in the...和首字母，可知推知应该在报纸上，newspaper，可数名词。空格前有the，要用名词，表示特指，要用单数，故填newspaper。
【点评】考查名词newspaper的拼写。根据句子结构和首字母，填写正确的词。
20．【答案】like
【解析】【分析】句意：那块石头看起来像一个大鸡蛋。look like...，看起来像……，固定短语，故填like。
【点评】考查固定短语look like中like的拼写。根据固定短语确定空格处所缺的词。
二、21．【答案】includes
【解析】【分析】句意：你会发现这个计划包括了你的大部分建议。include，包括，动词。分析句子此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语the plan为单数形式，谓语动词应用三单形式，应用includes，故答案为includes。
【点评】 考查动词的三单形式，注意识记includes的用法。
22．【答案】foxes
【解析】【分析】句意：狐狸很可爱。fox，狐狸，名词。根据空格前are，复数形式，可知主语应用复数名词，应用foxes，故答案为foxes。
【点评】考查名词的复数形式，注意识记复数名词foxes的用法。
23．【答案】harmful
【解析】【分析】句意：饭后做过多的运动对你的健康有害。harm伤害，名词。根据空格前is，后加形容词作表语，harm的形容词形式为harmful，固定搭配be harmful to，对.......有害，故答案为harmful。
【点评】考查词性转化，注意识记be harmful to的用法。
24．【答案】activities
【解析】【分析】句意：在"双减"政策下，孩子们有了许多新的课外活动。activity，活动，名词。根据空格前many，许多，后加复数名词，此处应用activities，故答案为activities。
【点评】考查名词的复数，注意识记复数名词activities的用法。
25．【答案】operations
【解析】【分析】句意：布莱克医生感到很累，因为他昨天动了两次手术。operate，操作，动词。根据空格前two，二，后加复数名词，operate的复数名词为operations，故答案为operations。
【点评】考查词性转化，注意识记复数名词operations的用法。
三、26．【答案】（1）A；（2）D；（3）D；（4）B；（5）B；（6）A；（7）A；（8）B；（9）B；（10）A
【解析】【分析】短文大意：主要讲了有位年轻的画家以画肖像为生，一个有钱人请求他给她画一幅肖像，等她来取这幅画时，却以对这幅画不满意为由，拒绝支付全额的费用钱。后来画家出名了。那个不讲信用的人不得不以200，000买下了那副画，比当时的价钱贵了20倍。
（1）句意：他的梦想是成名。to become动词不定式表示想要成为，打算成为；becomes成为，动词单数形式；became（become的过去式）；becoming（become的现在分词）His dream was 1 famous，句中was为谓语动词，所以空处应填非谓语动词，故排除B和C，而was becoming意为“正在变”，不符合句意，故排除D，was to become“想要成为”，故选A。
（2）句意：一天，一位富有的女士让他为她画一幅肖像，并答应给他一万美元。he他，主格；his他的；himself他自己；him他，宾格，pay支付，动词，所以后跟代词宾格形式，固定搭配pay sb. money“支付某人钱”，故选D。
（3）句意：这幅画很美妙，但她对此并不满意。so因此；or或者；and和；but但是，The painting was wonderful, 和 she was not happy with it.根据句意，可知这两句属于转折关系，所以用表示转折的连词but，故选D。
（4）句意：年轻的画家对她说的话感到惊讶。surprise使惊奇，动词或名词；surprised感到吃惊；surprises使惊奇（动词单数形式）；surprising令人吃惊，根据上文a rich lady …promised to pay 2 10,000 dollars.和I will buy this painting only for 3,000 dollars.可知那位有钱的女士曾答应支付1万美元，而现在只答应给3000美元，所以感到很惊讶，故选B。
（5）句意：然后他和那位女士交谈，希望她能信守诺言。talk谈论，动词原形；talked谈论，过去式；talks谈论，动词单数形式；is talking正在讨论，现在进行时，在Then he 5 with the lady中，he是主语，所以空处是谓语，本文时态为一般过去时，所以用talked，故选B。
（6）句意：年轻的画家生气地说。angrily生气地，副词；angrier更加生气，形容词比较级；angry生气，形容词；more angrily更加生气地，副词比较级，句中said为谓语动词，所以用副词修饰动词，根据句意，没有比较的意思，故选 A。
（7）句意：总有一天，你需要花20倍的钱买这幅画，因为你今天违背了诺言。”on在…上；of属于……的；for为了；in在…之中，固定搭配spend money on sth“花多少钱买某物”故选A。
（8）句意：在那之后，画家日夜辛勤工作。hardly几乎不；hard刻苦，努力；harder（hard的比较级）；hardest（hard的最高级），句中的worked为动词过去式，需要副词来修饰，而 very“非常”用于修饰副词或形容词的原级，根据句意，故选B。
（9）句意：但有一天，她的一位朋友告诉她：“有一位画家以20万美元的价格出售一幅名为‘说谎的人'的画”。friend朋友；friends朋友们；friendly有好的；friendship友谊，根据one of her 9 ，her她的，形容词性物主代词，所以其后跟名词，由one of…“……中之一”可知，其后跟名词复数，故选B。
（10）句意：她很快就去对他说对不起，并花了20万美元买下了这幅肖像。say说，动词原形；said（say的过去式）；to say（say的动词不定式）；saying（say的现在分词或动名词），由She quickly went to…，可知went“去”后跟动词不定式to say表示目的，故选A。
【点评】考查故事类阅读。首先通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺失的单词的含义，最后对选项进行区别，选出正确的那一项。
四、【答案】27．A
28．C
29．C
30．B
【解析】【分析】文章大意： 本文讲述希腊神话中那喀索斯的故事。那喀索斯是一位美貌的少年，他为自己英俊的面貌感到自豪。有一天，他在一个水池边欣堂自己的美貌，自言自语，自我陶醉，最后不小心掉进池塘淹死了。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
27．细节理解题。根据第一段there lived a young man called Narcissus. He lived in a small village by the sea and was famous on the land because he was quite handsome.Villagers would turn up on the streets to stare at the beautiful child.有一个叫纳西斯的年轻人。他住在海边的一个小村庄里，因为长得很帅而闻名于世。村民们会出现在街上盯着这个漂亮的孩子看。可知，当Narcissus出现在大街上，总有许多人来看他，故选A。
28．推理判断题。根据As he grew, Narcissus was very proud of his good-looking face.纳西斯为他那张好看的脸感到骄傲。和Narcissus said one day as he looked into a pool, "There's nobody more handsome in the whole world! I'd love to kiss you. And that's just what I'll do!"有一天，纳西索斯看着水池说："世界上再也没有比这更帅的人了！我很想吻自己。这就是我要做的！"可推知，作者写第三段和第四段的目的是以表明纳西斯太骄傲了，看不清自己。故选C。
29．推理判断题。从短文内容Narcissus said one day as he looked into a pool, "There's nobody more handsome in the whole world! I'd love to kiss you. And that's just what I'll do!"有一天，纳西索斯看着水池说："世界上再也没有比这更帅的人了！我很想吻你。这就是我要做的！"可推知他在自言自语。故选C。
30．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了希腊一位英俊的男子Narcissus，他为自己英俊的面貌感到自豪。有一天，他在一个水池边欣赏自己的美貌，自言自语，自我陶醉，最后不小心掉进池塘淹死了。选项B. a man who thought himself to be better than he really was.一个自以为比实际更好的人。能揭示文章大意，故选B。
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