必修第一册 Unit 3 Family matters
知识背诵清单通关练
（第一关）重点单词精选精背储备能量
1. n. (书、剧本、电影等中的)人物，角色
2． v. 走近，靠近
3． n. 闲谈，聊天
4． v. (把……)集中(于)
5． n. 记忆，回忆
6． n. 一系列
7． v. 道歉
8． n. 作用，影响
9． n. 强烈程度
10． n. (报纸或杂志的)特写
11． adv. 一般，通常
12． adj. 独特的，与众不同的(一般含褒义)
13． n. 风格
14． adj. 额外的，另外的
15． n. 细节，细微之处
16． v. 包含，含有
17． n. 总结，概要
18． adj. 强有力的，有影响力的
19． n. 系列比赛
20． adv. 明显地，显而易见地
21． prep. 尽管，虽然
22． prep. 在整个期间，自始至终
23． adj. 好的，积极的
24． num. 百万
25． v. (因犯规而)取消……的资格
26． adv. 用某种方法，不知怎的
27． adv. 当然，确实
核心词汇之转换词形词性
l. v. 假定，假设，认为→ n. 假定，假设，认为
2． v. 尊敬，敬重→ adj. 礼貌的；恭敬的→ adj. 体面的；令人尊敬的→ adj. 分别的；各自的→ adv. 分别地，各自地
3． 忽视，不理→ adj. 无知的，愚昧的→ 无知，愚昧
4． adj. 职业的，专业的→ n. 行业，职业
5． v. 适合 n. 套装，西装→ adj. 适当的
6． adv. 现时，当前→ adj. 当前的；通用的；流通的 n. 水流；气流；电流；思潮；潮流→ n. 货币；流通
7． adj. (对事故、错误、罪行等)负有责任的，应承担责任的→ n. 责任，义务
8． v. 力求达到 n. 目标→ adj. 没有方向的，无目标的，无计划的→ adv. 漫无目的地
9． v. 庆祝，过(节日、生日等)→ n. 观察，观测；监视；(尤指据所见、所闻、所读而作的)评论
10． v. 钦佩，赞美，羡慕→ n. 钦佩，赞美，羡慕→
adj. 可钦佩的，值得赞赏的，令人羡慕的
11． v. 认为，判断→ n. 判断力，识别力； 判决，裁决
12． v. 和解，结束(争论)→ n. 定居者→ adj.
稳定的，固定的，定居的→ n. 解决，处理； 定居点
（第二关）重点短语再现背诵及研磨记忆巩固
1． 聚焦在……，集中在……
2． 吃惊地，惊讶地
3． 为……自豪
4． 采纳某人的建议
5． 去野营
6． 与……对比，比较
7． 目的是，旨在
8． 与……相关
9． 一系列
10． . 忙于……
11． 弥补……
12． 道歉
13． 因(做了)某事而道歉
14． 强调……
15． 对……有影响
16． 勉强接受，将就
17． 以……开始
18． 领先
19． 处境困难
20． 时不时，偶尔
21． 落在后面
第三关）梳理核心词汇之转换词形词性及情境研磨记忆巩固
① character n. (书、剧本、电影等中的)人物，角色(教材P26)
写出character在下列句中的词义
①(剑桥高阶)She had Mickey Mouse or some other cartoon characters on her sweater. ________
②Character is not separable from physical form but is governed by it.________
单句表达
③(牛津高阶)她昨晚的举止与她的性格很不相符。
Her behaviour last night was quite ______________________．
④他们通过一座简陋的桥过河，这座桥与周围环境很协调。
They crossed the river by a simple bridge, which was ________________ surroundings.
② approach v. 走近，靠近(教材P27)
[名师点津] approach和way, means, method都有“方法”之意，但用法、搭配不同，表示“(做)……的方法”用法分别为：approach to (doing) sth；way to do/of (doing) sth；means/method of (doing) sth。
单句语法填空
①(柯林斯词典)We will be exploring different approaches to ________ (gather) information.
②(牛津高阶)All the approaches ________ the palace were guarded by troops.
③When he approached me ________ the job, I was very surprised.
④(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)Not seeing or hearing any fire engines ________ (approach), Grant rushed to a side entrance and ran up the stairs.
单句表达
⑤勇于面对你的问题而不是逃避它们是解决事情的最好办法。
Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is ________________________ working things out.
③ focus v. (把……)集中(于)(教材P27)
单句语法填空
①Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus ________ the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.”
②(中国日报)While a great deal of attention ________ (focus) the melting of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, a new study has warned that the world's glaciers are melting faster and contributing more to rising sea levels.
③I am sure she will get high marks in the final exam because she is a ________ (focus) student.
单句表达
④(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)通过把注意力集中在听众身上来消除公开演讲的恐惧。
Take the fear out of public speaking ________________ your listeners.
⑤(牛津高阶)照片上孩子们的面部非常模糊。
The children's faces were badly ________________ in the photograph.
④ assume v. 假定，假设，认为(教材P27)
单句语法填空
①A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the ________ (assume) that they might make a nice blow－up for one of the visitors' centers.
②Neanderthals were much stronger than modern humans, but ________ is long been assumed that human ancestors were smarter than the Neanderthals.
单句表达
③(朗文当代)假设你考上了大学，你将如何资助你的学习？
________________________ at university, how are you going to finance your studies
⑤ respect v. 尊敬，敬重(教材P27)
单句语法填空
① Build respect ________ and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
②(剑桥高阶)There was a ________ (respect) two－minute silence as we remembered the soldiers who had died in the war.
③________ some respects, today's powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak.
④(剑桥高阶)Everyone would go into the hall for assembly and then afterwards we'd go to our ________ (respect) classes.
单句表达
⑤ 我们身边有很多可敬的人。
We have a lot of ________________ around us.
⑥ ignore v. 忽视，不理(教材P27)
单句语法填空
①(牛津高阶)If he did wrong it was only through ________ (ignore).
②(牛津高阶)To say you were ignorant ________ the rules is no excuse.
单句表达
③(中国日报)对农村民宿的需求不容忽视；我们可以看到越来越多的大城市的人喜欢在周末度假。
Demand for rural homestays ________________； we can see more and more people from major cities preferring to take vacations on weekends.
⑦ suit v. 适合(教材P27)
单句语法填空
①(柯林斯词典)Employers usually decide within five minutes whether someone is suitable ________ the job.
单句表达
②(中国日报)在昆明，亚热带气候适宜常年种植观赏植物，其品质往往优于其他地区。
In Kunming, the subtropical weather ____________________ ornamental plants all year round, and the quality of the plants tends to be better than those planted in other areas.
⑧ talent n. 天赋，才能(教材P27)
单句语法填空
① Naomi, Melissa's best friend and a ________ (talent) pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help.
②All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent ________ football.
单句表达
③(牛津高阶)她很有天资，能够心想事成。
She ________________________________ what she wanted.
⑨ aim v. 力求达到(教材P31)
单句语法填空
①The competition was started ________ the aim of encouraging young writers.
②(牛津高阶)Take careful aim ________ the target before firing.
③(2019·浙江高考)He aims ________ (finish) his journey by midJuly.
一句多译
④《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会、帮助读者理解数字系统及其许多相互作用部分的书。
The Digital World is a set of volumes that ________________ how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.
＝The Digital World is a set of volumes that ____________________ how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.
⑩ observe v. 庆祝，过(节日、生日等)(教材P31)
[名师点津] 在主动语态中，observe接不定式作宾补时，要省去不定式符号to，但变为被动语态时，to不能省去。类似用法的词还有：see, hear, notice, make, have, watch等。
写出observe在下列句中的词义
①(牛津高阶)The police observed a man enter the bank.________
②(牛津高阶)Do they observe Christmas Day in that country？________
③(剑桥高阶)People must observe the law. Nobody should be an exception.________
单句语法填空
④The guard observed a young man ________ (steal) from the office, and he tried to approach him quietly.
⑤(朗文当代)Predators have been observed ________ (avoid) attacking brightly coloured species.
单句表达
⑥当我从他房子旁经过时，我看到他在院子里玩。
When I passed by his house, I ________________ in the yard.
range n. 一系列(教材P31)
单句语法填空
① Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range ________ subjects and view the
whole with all its connections.
② In any given office, employees ________ (range) from age 22 to 70 and beyond find common ground in communication style a challenge.
单句表达
③(朗文当代)即使是最便宜的楼盘也超出了我们的价格范围。
Even the cheapest property was ________________________．
④(中国日报)目前的商用闪存设备在100微秒或100，000纳秒的范围内读取和写入数据。
The current commercial flash memory devices read and write data ____________________ 100 microseconds, or 100，000 nanoseconds.
apologise v. 道歉(教材P31)
单句语法填空
①I think Tom should apologise ________ Jane for what he did.
②In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, lighthearted ________ (apologise) to explain your awkwardness.
单句表达
③(牛津高阶)你要为你所说的话向他道歉。
You ________________________ for what you said.
④(剑桥高阶)我要向你道歉，恐怕我错拆了你的信。
I ________________________—I'm afraid I opened your letter by mistake.
judge v. 认为，判断(教材P32)
写出judge在下列句中的词性及词义
①Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a Tshirt in memory of Earhart's final flight. ________
②(牛津高阶)The judge found him guilty and sentenced him to five years.________
③You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. ________
单句语法填空
④(柯林斯词典)________ (judge) from the way he laughed as he told it, it was meant to be humorous.
⑤(剑桥高阶)It proved difficult to come to a ________ (judge) about how well the school was performing.
单句表达
⑥人不可貌相。
Never __________________ by his appearance.
contain v. 包含，含有(教材P32)
[易混辨析：contain/include]
contain 强调A在与其不同类的B里面
include 侧重于A作为组成部分被包含在同类的B里面，常构成分词短语sth/sb included或including sth/sb
写出contain在下列句中的词义
①(2020·北京高考)After we returned to the hotel late in the afternoon, my 7－year－old son Ponder realized that nowhere could he find his backpack, which contained his Gameboy and his watch.________
②(朗文当代)The museum contains a number of original artworks.________
③(牛津高阶)Please contain your enthusiasm for a moment.________
单句语法填空
④(2020·江苏高考)The class experiment that day was to show how heating a ________ (contain) of water would bring air bubbling (冒泡) to the surface.
⑤Water is a compound ________ (contain) the elements hydrogen and oxygen.
单句表达
⑥我气极了，无法克制自己。
I was so furious that I couldn't ____________.
短语巩固记忆
① settle for 勉强接受，将就(教材P32)
单句语法填空
①(朗文当代)They haven't settled ________ a name for the baby yet.
②(牛津高阶)When are you going to marry and settle ________？
单句表达
③(朗文当代)她找不到可乐，只好喝橙汁。
She couldn't find any cola, so had to ____________________．
② in the lead 领先(教材P32)
单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)You cannot say you don't like or do not follow football in England, as often this would lead ________ a long dialogue in which someone would begin telling you why you should support their team.
②(2019·江苏高考)This belief in “post－industrial society\” has led those countries ________ (neglect) their manufacturing sector with negative consequences for their economies.
③(2021·天津高考3月)Sometimes it's hard to make a change, but I'm so glad I set the wheels of change in motion with that very small first step because it has led me ________ where I am today.
④Number five is ________ the lead, and it seems that he is going to win.
单句表达
⑤(中国日报)由于有效地防治了新冠肺炎疫情大流行，中国率先恢复工作和生产，支持对外贸易复苏。
Thanks to the effective prevention and control of the COVID－19 pandemic, China ______________ in resuming work and production, which supports the foreign trade recovery.
⑥(朗文当代)如果手术成功，卡莉就能过上正常的生活。
If the operation succeeds, Carly will be able to ____________________．
重要知识点
I wish she had come！(教材P31) 我希望她来过！----虚拟语气
wish后接宾语从句时常用虚拟语气，其形式如下：
(1)表示与现在事实相反的愿望时，从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be通常用were)。
(2)对将来发生的事情表示祝愿时，从句谓语动词用would/could/might＋动词原形。
(3)对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时，从句谓语动词用过去完成时或would/could＋have done。
单句语法填空
①(牛津高阶)I wish I ________ (know) what was going to happen.
②(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)It's rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker ________ (speak) longer.”
单句表达
③(剑桥高阶)我希望我能再高一点。
I wish I ________________．
④(牛津高阶)我倒希望我没有吃这么多。
I wish I ________________________．
⑤我多么希望能像小鸟一样飞！
How I wish I ____________________！
（第四关）基本句型模仿背诵及巩固情境研磨记忆巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2021·天津高考3月)Then came more than 500 enquiries for ________ (detail) information.
2．(朗文当代)I'm full of ________ (admire) for the crew who handled this crisis.
3．(2021·全国甲卷)________ (obvious) we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family.
4．(2021·天津高考3月)In all, 80 examinations were conducted for the project between January and September, 2019, ________ (focus) on the imaging procedures that would cause anxiety.
5．(柯林斯词典)Women in developing countries ________ (typical) have their first child when they are very young.
6．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)________ (return) to a book you've read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend.
7．(2020·江苏高考)We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things ________ (leave) to find.
8．(牛津高阶)Some doctors believe ________ (ignore) is bliss and don't give their patients all the facts.
9．(中国日报)A complete approach to ________ (conserve) mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands has been adopted in Tibet.
10．(2019·北京高考)Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most ________ (talent) individuals.
Ⅱ.选词填空
take one's advice; be busy with; make up for; settle for; be proud of; raise one's voice; no longer; in the lead; calm down; now and then
1．(2021·天津高考3月)As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that ____________ served him, just as our lizard had.
2．The road is so narrow that there is traffic jam ____________．
3．Whenever you feel angry, taking a deep breath can help you ____________ quickly.
4．(牛津高阶)I couldn't afford the house I really wanted, so I had to ____________ second best.
5．With only 100 metres to go, Tom is ____________ so he is very likely to win the game.
6．(剑桥高阶)You'll have to ____________ if you want to be heard in here.
7．(柯林斯词典)Most people ________ too ____________ their own troubles to give much help.
8．(剑桥高阶)We ________ particularly ____________ our company's environmental record.
9．(牛津高阶)Hard work can ________ a lack of intelligence.
10．What he said is very useful so you had better ____________ if you want to make progress in your English
Ⅲ.单句表达
1．我多么希望自己能够在你身边！
How I wish if ____________ by your side!
2．他再次迟到使老师很生气。
__________________________ made the teacher very angry.
3．(朗文当代)在课堂上，视力不好的孩子很快就会落在别人的后面。
In class, a child with poor eyesight can ____________________．
4．快点！公交车来了。
Hurry up! Here ________________________．
5．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)由于年轻人无力离家，老年人面临与世隔绝的危险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。
________________________________ home and the old at risk of isolation, more families are choosing to live together.
（第五关）必备重点语法精讲精练
动词的时态、语态和主谓一致（3）
考点五 被动语态
1.被动语态构成(基本公式：be＋过去分词)
时态种类 构成公式及构成方法
一般时态 be (am/is/are, was/were, will/shall＋be)＋过去分词
进行时态 be (am/is/are, was/were)＋being＋过去分词 把“be＋过去分词”中的be变为进行时(be＋being)，其后的过去分词不变
完成时态 have (has/had)＋been＋过去分词 把“be＋过去分词”中的be变为完成时(have been)，其后的过去分词不变
过去将来时 would＋be＋过去分词
2.注意主动形式表示被动意义的两种情况
不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等 ①These books sell well. 这些书好卖。 ②The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写起来流畅。 ③The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。
一些系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动词是：look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等 ①The apples taste good.苹果很好吃。 ②Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来很软。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it.
2．Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement”award, proud Irene (declare) she had no plans to
retire from her 36yearold business.
3．Our hosts shared many of their experiences and (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
4．Ken and I (invite) to a friend's extremely beautiful and impressive house by the sea last month.
5．Shanghai (lie) in the east of China.
6．Susan had quit her wellpaid job and (work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
7．China's highspeed railways (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
8．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days.
9．My washing machine (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
10．Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be emailing each other, for we
(develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then.
11．I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry) out in the past two years.
12．During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents, and I (find) a big change there.
13．Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice.
14．He was an old man who (fish) alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone 84 days now without taking a fish.
15．I knew perfectly well what she (mean)．
Ⅱ.单句表达
1．此外，我酷爱NBA，经常放学后和朋友打篮球。
What's more, I'm crazy about the NBA and I often after school with my friends.
2．每个人都参与了讨论，最后提出了好的主意。
Everyone was involved in the discussion and we finally some bright ideas.
3．下周五下午我校将在校音乐大厅举办才艺大赛。
Our school at the School Concert Hall next Friday afternoon.
4．我们首先出席了开幕式，为此我们班做了大量的准备工作。
We first attended the opening parade, for which our class .
5．在举办庆祝会之前，我们彻底清扫一遍，营造出节日的气氛。
Before we , we had done a thorough cleaning, which surely created a festive atmosphere.必修第一册 Unit 3 Family matters
知识背诵清单通关练
（第一关）重点单词精选精背储备能量
1.character n. (书、剧本、电影等中的)人物，角色
2．approach v. 走近，靠近
3．chat n. 闲谈，聊天
4．focus v. (把……)集中(于)
5．memory n. 记忆，回忆
6．range n. 一系列
7．apologise v. 道歉
8．impact n. 作用，影响
9．strength n. 强烈程度
10．feature n. (报纸或杂志的)特写
11．typically adv. 一般，通常
12．individual adj. 独特的，与众不同的(一般含褒义)
13．style n. 风格
14．extra adj. 额外的，另外的
15．detail n. 细节，细微之处
16．contain v. 包含，含有
17．summary n. 总结，概要
18．powerful adj. 强有力的，有影响力的
19．series n. 系列比赛
20．obviously adv. 明显地，显而易见地
21．despite prep. 尽管，虽然
22．throughout prep. 在整个期间，自始至终
23．positive adj. 好的，积极的
24．million num. 百万
25．disqualify v. (因犯规而)取消……的资格
26．somehow adv. 用某种方法，不知怎的
27．indeed adv. 当然，确实
核心词汇之转换词形词性
l.assume v. 假定，假设，认为→assumption n. 假定，假设，认为
2．respect v. 尊敬，敬重→respectful adj. 礼貌的；恭敬的→respectable adj. 体面的；令人尊敬的→respective adj. 分别的；各自的→respectively adv. 分别地，各自地
3．ignore v. 忽视，不理→ignorant adj. 无知的，愚昧的→ignorance n. 无知，愚昧
4．professional adj. 职业的，专业的→profession n. 行业，职业
5．suit v. 适合 n. 套装，西装→suitable adj. 适当的
6．currently adv. 现时，当前→current adj. 当前的；通用的；流通的 n. 水流；气流；电流；思潮；潮流→currency n. 货币；流通
7．responsible adj. (对事故、错误、罪行等)负有责任的，应承担责任的→responsibility n. 责任，义务
8．aim v. 力求达到 n. 目标→aimless adj. 没有方向的，无目标的，无计划的→aimlessly adv. 漫无目的地
9．observe v. 庆祝，过(节日、生日等)→observation n. 观察，观测；监视；(尤指据所见、所闻、所读而作的)评论
10．admire v. 钦佩，赞美，羡慕→admiration n. 钦佩，赞美，羡慕→admirable adj. 可钦佩的，值得赞赏的，令人羡慕的
11．judge v. 认为，判断→judgement n. 判断力，识别力； 判决，裁决
12．settle v. 和解，结束(争论)→settler n. 定居者→settled adj. 稳定的，固定的，定居的→settlement n. 解决，处理； 定居点
（第二关）重点短语再现背诵及研磨记忆巩固
1．focus on 聚焦在……，集中在……
2．in surprise 吃惊地，惊讶地
3．be proud of 为……自豪
4．take one's advice 采纳某人的建议
5．go camping 去野营
6．compare to 与……对比，比较
7．aim to 目的是，旨在
8．be related to ... 与……相关
9．a range of 一系列
10．be busy with ... 忙于……
11．make up for 弥补……
12．make an apology 道歉
13．apologise to sb for (doing) sth 因(做了)某事而道歉
14．place stress on 强调……
15．have an impact on ... 对……有影响
16．settle for 勉强接受，将就
17．start with ... 以……开始
18．in the lead 领先
19．in trouble 处境困难
20．now and then 时不时，偶尔
21．leave__... behind 落在后面
第三关）梳理核心词汇之转换词形词性及情境研磨记忆巩固
① character n. (书、剧本、电影等中的)人物，角色(教材P26)
写出character在下列句中的词义
①(剑桥高阶)She had Mickey Mouse or some other cartoon characters on her sweater. ________
②Character is not separable from physical form but is governed by it.________
答案：①人物 ②性格
单句表达
③(牛津高阶)她昨晚的举止与她的性格很不相符。
Her behaviour last night was quite ______________________．
④他们通过一座简陋的桥过河，这座桥与周围环境很协调。
They crossed the river by a simple bridge, which was ________________ surroundings.
答案：③out of character ④in character with
② approach v. 走近，靠近(教材P27)
[名师点津] approach和way, means, method都有“方法”之意，但用法、搭配不同，表示“(做)……的方法”用法分别为：approach to (doing) sth；way to do/of (doing) sth；means/method of (doing) sth。
单句语法填空
①(柯林斯词典)We will be exploring different approaches to ________ (gather) information.
②(牛津高阶)All the approaches ________ the palace were guarded by troops.
③When he approached me ________ the job, I was very surprised.
④(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)Not seeing or hearing any fire engines ________ (approach), Grant rushed to a side entrance and ran up the stairs.
答案：①gathering ②to ③on/about ④approaching
单句表达
⑤勇于面对你的问题而不是逃避它们是解决事情的最好办法。
Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is ________________________ working things out.
答案：⑤the best approach to
③ focus v. (把……)集中(于)(教材P27)
单句语法填空
①Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus ________ the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.”
②(中国日报)While a great deal of attention ________ (focus) the melting of the Greenland and
Antarctic ice sheets, a new study has warned that the world's glaciers are melting faster and contributing more to rising sea levels.
③I am sure she will get high marks in the final exam because she is a ________ (focus) student.
答案：①on ②has been focused ③focused
单句表达
④(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)通过把注意力集中在听众身上来消除公开演讲的恐惧。
Take the fear out of public speaking ________________ your listeners.
⑤(牛津高阶)照片上孩子们的面部非常模糊。
The children's faces were badly ________________ in the photograph.
答案：④by focusing on ⑤out of focus
④ assume v. 假定，假设，认为(教材P27)
单句语法填空
①A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the ________ (assume) that they might make a nice blow－up for one of the visitors' centers.
②Neanderthals were much stronger than modern humans, but ________ is long been assumed that human ancestors were smarter than the Neanderthals.
答案：①assumption ②it
单句表达
③(朗文当代)假设你考上了大学，你将如何资助你的学习？
________________________ at university, how are you going to finance your studies
答案：③Assuming that you get a place
⑤ respect v. 尊敬，敬重(教材P27)
单句语法填空
① Build respect ________ and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
②(剑桥高阶)There was a ________ (respect) two－minute silence as we remembered the soldiers who had died in the war.
③________ some respects, today's powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak.
④(剑桥高阶)Everyone would go into the hall for assembly and then afterwards we'd go to our ________ (respect) classes.
答案：①for ②respectful ③In ④respective
单句表达
⑤ 我们身边有很多可敬的人。
We have a lot of ________________ around us.
答案：⑤respectable people
⑥ ignore v. 忽视，不理(教材P27)
单句语法填空
①(牛津高阶)If he did wrong it was only through ________ (ignore).
②(牛津高阶)To say you were ignorant ________ the rules is no excuse.
答案：①ignorance ②of
单句表达
③(中国日报)对农村民宿的需求不容忽视；我们可以看到越来越多的大城市的人喜欢在周末度假。
Demand for rural homestays ________________； we can see more and more people from major cities preferring to take vacations on weekends.
答案：③can't be ignored
⑦ suit v. 适合(教材P27)
单句语法填空
①(柯林斯词典)Employers usually decide within five minutes whether someone is suitable ________ the job.
答案：①for
单句表达
②(中国日报)在昆明，亚热带气候适宜常年种植观赏植物，其品质往往优于其他地区。
In Kunming, the subtropical weather ____________________ ornamental plants all year round, and the quality of the plants tends to be better than those planted in other areas.
答案：②is suitable to grow
⑧ talent n. 天赋，才能(教材P27)
单句语法填空
① Naomi, Melissa's best friend and a ________ (talent) pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help.
②All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent ________ football.
答案：①talented ②for
单句表达
③(牛津高阶)她很有天资，能够心想事成。
She ________________________________ what she wanted.
答案：③showed considerable talent for getting
⑨ aim v. 力求达到(教材P31)
单句语法填空
①The competition was started ________ the aim of encouraging young writers.
②(牛津高阶)Take careful aim ________ the target before firing.
③(2019·浙江高考)He aims ________ (finish) his journey by midJuly.
答案：①with ②at ③to finish
一句多译
④《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会、帮助读者理解数字系统及其许多相互作用部分的书。
The Digital World is a set of volumes that ________________ how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.
＝The Digital World is a set of volumes that ____________________ how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.
答案：④aim to describe; are aimed at describing
⑩ observe v. 庆祝，过(节日、生日等)(教材P31)
[名师点津] 在主动语态中，observe接不定式作宾补时，要省去不定式符号to，但变为被动语态时，to不能省去。类似用法的词还有：see, hear, notice, make, have, watch等。
写出observe在下列句中的词义
①(牛津高阶)The police observed a man enter the bank.________
②(牛津高阶)Do they observe Christmas Day in that country？________
③(剑桥高阶)People must observe the law. Nobody should be an exception.________
答案：①注意到 ②庆祝 ③遵守
单句语法填空
④The guard observed a young man ________ (steal) from the office, and he tried to approach him quietly.
⑤(朗文当代)Predators have been observed ________ (avoid) attacking brightly coloured species.
答案：④stealing ⑤to avoid
单句表达
⑥当我从他房子旁经过时，我看到他在院子里玩。
When I passed by his house, I ________________ in the yard.
答案：⑥observed him playing
range n. 一系列(教材P31)
单句语法填空
① Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range ________ subjects and view the whole with all its connections.
② In any given office, employees ________ (range) from age 22 to 70 and beyond find common ground in communication style a challenge.
答案：①of ②ranging
单句表达
③(朗文当代)即使是最便宜的楼盘也超出了我们的价格范围。
Even the cheapest property was ________________________．
④(中国日报)目前的商用闪存设备在100微秒或100，000纳秒的范围内读取和写入数据。
The current commercial flash memory devices read and write data ____________________ 100
microseconds, or 100，000 nanoseconds.
答案：③out of/beyond our price range ④within the range of
apologise v. 道歉(教材P31)
单句语法填空
①I think Tom should apologise ________ Jane for what he did.
②In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, lighthearted ________ (apologise) to explain your awkwardness.
答案：①to ②apology
单句表达
③(牛津高阶)你要为你所说的话向他道歉。
You ________________________ for what you said.
④(剑桥高阶)我要向你道歉，恐怕我错拆了你的信。
I ________________________—I'm afraid I opened your letter by mistake.
答案：③owe him an apology ④have an apology to make to you
judge v. 认为，判断(教材P32)
写出judge在下列句中的词性及词义
①Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a Tshirt in memory of Earhart's final flight. ________
②(牛津高阶)The judge found him guilty and sentenced him to five years.________
③You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. ________
答案：①n. 裁判员，评委 ②n. 法官 ③v. 判断
单句语法填空
④(柯林斯词典)________ (judge) from the way he laughed as he told it, it was meant to be humorous.
⑤(剑桥高阶)It proved difficult to come to a ________ (judge) about how well the school was performing.
答案：④Judging ⑤judgment
单句表达
⑥人不可貌相。
Never __________________ by his appearance.
答案：⑥judge a person
contain v. 包含，含有(教材P32)
[易混辨析：contain/include]
contain 强调A在与其不同类的B里面
include 侧重于A作为组成部分被包含在同类的B里面，常构成分词短语sth/sb included或including sth/sb
写出contain在下列句中的词义
①(2020·北京高考)After we returned to the hotel late in the afternoon, my 7－year－old son Ponder realized that nowhere could he find his backpack, which contained his Gameboy and his watch.________
②(朗文当代)The museum contains a number of original artworks.________
③(牛津高阶)Please contain your enthusiasm for a moment.________
答案：①包含，含有 ②容纳 ③克制，抑制
单句语法填空
④(2020·江苏高考)The class experiment that day was to show how heating a ________ (contain) of water would bring air bubbling (冒泡) to the surface.
⑤Water is a compound ________ (contain) the elements hydrogen and oxygen.
答案：④container ⑤containing
单句表达
⑥我气极了，无法克制自己。
I was so furious that I couldn't ____________.
答案：⑥contain myself
① settle for 勉强接受，将就(教材P32)
单句语法填空
①(朗文当代)They haven't settled ________ a name for the baby yet.
②(牛津高阶)When are you going to marry and settle ________？
答案：①on ②down
单句表达
③(朗文当代)她找不到可乐，只好喝橙汁。
She couldn't find any cola, so had to ____________________．
答案：③settle for orange juice
② in the lead 领先(教材P32)
单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)You cannot say you don't like or do not follow football in England, as often this
would lead ________ a long dialogue in which someone would begin telling you why you should support their team.
②(2019·江苏高考)This belief in “post－industrial society\” has led those countries ________ (neglect) their manufacturing sector with negative consequences for their economies.
③(2021·天津高考3月)Sometimes it's hard to make a change, but I'm so glad I set the wheels of change in motion with that very small first step because it has led me ________ where I am today.
④Number five is ________ the lead, and it seems that he is going to win.
答案：①to ②to neglect ③to ④in
单句表达
⑤(中国日报)由于有效地防治了新冠肺炎疫情大流行，中国率先恢复工作和生产，支持对外贸易复苏。
Thanks to the effective prevention and control of the COVID－19 pandemic, China ______________ in resuming work and production, which supports the foreign trade recovery.
⑥(朗文当代)如果手术成功，卡莉就能过上正常的生活。
If the operation succeeds, Carly will be able to ____________________．
答案：⑤took the lead ⑥lead a normal life
重要知识点
I wish she had come！(教材P31) 我希望她来过！----虚拟语气
wish后接宾语从句时常用虚拟语气，其形式如下：
(1)表示与现在事实相反的愿望时，从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be通常用were)。
(2)对将来发生的事情表示祝愿时，从句谓语动词用would/could/might＋动词原形。
(3)对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时，从句谓语动词用过去完成时或would/could＋have done。
单句语法填空
①(牛津高阶)I wish I ________ (know) what was going to happen.
②(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)It's rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker ________ (speak) longer.”
答案：①knew ②had spoken
单句表达
③(剑桥高阶)我希望我能再高一点。
I wish I ________________．
④(牛津高阶)我倒希望我没有吃这么多。
I wish I ________________________．
⑤我多么希望能像小鸟一样飞！
How I wish I ____________________！
答案：③were a bit taller ④hadn't eaten so much ⑤could fly like a bird
（第四关）基本句型模仿背诵及巩固情境研磨记忆巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2021·天津高考3月)Then came more than 500 enquiries for ________ (detail) information.
答案：detailed
2．(朗文当代)I'm full of ________ (admire) for the crew who handled this crisis.
答案：admiration
3．(2021·全国甲卷)________ (obvious) we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family.
答案：Obviously
4．(2021·天津高考3月)In all, 80 examinations were conducted for the project between January and September, 2019, ________ (focus) on the imaging procedures that would cause anxiety.
答案：focusing
5．(柯林斯词典)Women in developing countries ________ (typical) have their first child when they are very young.
答案：typically
6．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)________ (return) to a book you've read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend.
答案：Returning
7．(2020·江苏高考)We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things ________ (leave) to find.
答案：left
8．(牛津高阶)Some doctors believe ________ (ignore) is bliss and don't give their patients all the facts.
答案：ignorance
9．(中国日报)A complete approach to ________ (conserve) mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands has been adopted in Tibet.
答案：conserving
10．(2019·北京高考)Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most ________ (talent) individuals.
答案：talented
Ⅱ.选词填空
take one's advice; be busy with; make up for; settle for; be proud of; raise one's voice; no longer; in the lead; calm down; now and then
1．(2021·天津高考3月)As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that ____________ served him, just as our lizard had.
答案：no longer
2．The road is so narrow that there is traffic jam ____________．
答案：now and then
3．Whenever you feel angry, taking a deep breath can help you ____________ quickly.
答案：calm down
4．(牛津高阶)I couldn't afford the house I really wanted, so I had to ____________ second best.
答案：settle for
5．With only 100 metres to go, Tom is ____________ so he is very likely to win the game.
答案：in the lead
6．(剑桥高阶)You'll have to ____________ if you want to be heard in here.
答案：raise your voice
7．(柯林斯词典)Most people ________ too ____________ their own troubles to give much help.
答案：are; busy with
8．(剑桥高阶)We ________ particularly ____________ our company's environmental record.
答案：are; proud of
9．(牛津高阶)Hard work can ________ a lack of intelligence.
答案：make up for
10．What he said is very useful so you had better ____________ if you want to make progress in your English.
答案：take his advice
Ⅲ.单句表达
1．我多么希望自己能够在你身边！
How I wish if ____________ by your side!
答案：I were
2．他再次迟到使老师很生气。
__________________________ made the teacher very angry.
答案：His being late again
3．(朗文当代)在课堂上，视力不好的孩子很快就会落在别人的后面。
In class, a child with poor eyesight can ____________________．
答案：soon get left behind
4．快点！公交车来了。
Hurry up! Here ________________________．
答案：comes the bus
5．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)由于年轻人无力离家，老年人面临与世隔绝的危险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。
________________________________ home and the old at risk of isolation, more families are choosing to live together.
答案：With the young unable to afford to leave
（第五关）必备重点语法精讲精练
动词的时态、语态和主谓一致（3）
考点五 被动语态
1.被动语态构成(基本公式：be＋过去分词)
时态种类 构成公式及构成方法
一般时态 be (am/is/are, was/were, will/shall＋be)＋过去分词
进行时态 be (am/is/are, was/were)＋being＋过去分词 把“be＋过去分词”中的be变为进行时(be＋being)，其后的过去分词不变
完成时态 have (has/had)＋been＋过去分词 把“be＋过去分词”中的be变为完成时(have been)，其后的过去分词不变
过去将来时 would＋be＋过去分词
2.注意主动形式表示被动意义的两种情况
不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等 ①These books sell well. 这些书好卖。 ②The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写起来流畅。 ③The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。
一些系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动词是：look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等 ①The apples taste good.苹果很好吃。 ②Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来很软。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it.
答案：had hoped 句意：我本来计划在彼得结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。第二个分句中“couldn't manage it”用的是一般过去时，hope表示的动作在manage之前，属于“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。
2．Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement”award, proud Irene (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36yearold business.
答案：declared 主语为Irene，设空处为谓语，根据had可知此处用一般过去时。
3．Our hosts shared many of their experiences and (recommend) wonderful places to eat,
shop, and visit.
答案：recommended 句意：我们的主人给我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”连接前后两个并列的动作“share”与“recommend”，根据时态一致的原则可知，此处用一般过去时。
4．Ken and I (invite) to a friend's extremely beautiful and impressive house by the sea last month.
答案：were invited 根据时间状语last month可知，应用一般过去时；Ken和I是被邀请，表示被动，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为复数，故填were invited。
5．Shanghai (lie) in the east of China.
答案：lies 句意：上海坐落于中国的东部。此处陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时。
6．Susan had quit her wellpaid job and (work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
答案：was working 句意：苏珊已经辞去了高薪的工作，去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里当志愿者。根据时间状语when I visited her last year可知，Susan做志愿者是过去的某个时间正在发生的事，故此处应用过去进行时。
7．China's highspeed railways (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
答案：have grown 句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。时间状语为in the past few years，故设空处用现在完成时。
8．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days.
答案：had been trapped 句意：一位救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。two tourists和trap之间是被动关系，此处应用被动语态。根据risked可知，救援人员救游客是过去的事情，游客被困发生在救援人员救他们之前，即“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时的被动语态。
9．My washing machine (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
答案：is being repaired 句意：这周我的洗衣机正在被修，所以我不得不用手洗衣服。根据后句“so I have to wash my clothes by hand”可知，洗衣机正在被修，故用现在进行时的被动语态。
10．Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be emailing each other, for we
(develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then.
答案：will have developed 句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in 2025可知，此处为将来时态；再根据时间状语by then “到那时”可知，用将来完成时。
11．I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry) out in the past two years.
答案：had been carried 句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。plan和carry是被动关系，此处应用被动语态。根据was可知，“我”被派去村里是过去的事情，发展计划执行发生在“我”被派去村里之前，即“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时的被动语态。
12．During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents, and I (find) a big change there.
答案：found 根据句中的“During my last winter holiday”可知，事件发生在过去，故用一般过去时。
13．Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice.
答案：has grown 句意：2011年以来，这个国家种植的玉米比水稻多。since加时间点作状语，句子要用现在完成时。
14．He was an old man who (fish) alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone 84 days now without taking a fish.
答案：fished 此处为定语从句中的谓语，主句谓语用was，从句谓语也用一般过去时。
15．I knew perfectly well what she (mean)．
答案：meant 本句缺少谓语，根据knew可知，此处讲述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。
Ⅱ.单句表达
1．此外，我酷爱NBA，经常放学后和朋友打篮球。
What's more, I'm crazy about the NBA and I often after school with my friends.
答案：play basketball
2．每个人都参与了讨论，最后提出了好的主意。
Everyone was involved in the discussion and we finally some bright ideas.
答案：came up with
3．下周五下午我校将在校音乐大厅举办才艺大赛。
Our school at the School Concert Hall next Friday afternoon.
答案：will hold a talent show
4．我们首先出席了开幕式，为此我们班做了大量的准备工作。
We first attended the opening parade, for which our class .
答案：had made a lot of preparations
5．在举办庆祝会之前，我们彻底清扫一遍，营造出节日的气氛。
Before we , we had done a thorough cleaning, which surely created a festive atmosphere.
答案：held the celebration
