语法填空之有提示词
【考点分析】
考点1 动词的时态和语态与主谓一致
考点2 非谓语动词
考点3 词性转换
【真题示例】
【典例示例】 (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 56.__________(taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot.To eat one, you have to decide whether 57.__________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出), 58.__________to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
Shanghai may be the 59.__________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace.There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 60.__________ hand rather than rolled.Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 61.__________(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 62.__________(they) contents.The meat should be fresh with 63.__________ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 64.__________(rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 65.__________(want) more next time.
【解答策略】
第一步 通读全文,明确主旨大意。
本文是说明文。本篇描写了作者最爱的中国美食小笼包鲜美的味道以及它的产地南翔和它精细的制作工艺。
第二步 分析句子和句际关系,确定题型和考点。
题号 56 57 58 59 60
提示 有 有 无 有 无
考点 形容词 非谓语 连词 非谓语 介词
题号 61 62 63 64 65
提示 有 有 无 有 有
考点 非谓语 代词 冠词 副词 非谓语
第三步 从词法、句法和语法入手,确定词汇和词形。
序号 技巧 解题方法演示 答案
56 修饰 关系 形容词需修饰后面的名词soup,故空格需用形容词tasty作定语 tasty
57 逻辑 关系 decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,用不定式作宾语,空处与后面to put并列作宾语 to bite
58 固定 搭配 whether...or...意思是 “是……还是……”,是固定搭配,此处whether...or...连接两个动词不定式 or
59 修饰 关系 空格在名词home前面作定语,recognize与home在逻辑上是动宾关系,需填过去分词recognized作定语,recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语 recognized
60 习惯 搭配 by hand“用手”是固定搭配 by
61 语态 关系 根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知,空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系,空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted to be lifted
62 所属 关系 此处需用形容词性物主代词their修饰后面的名词contents(东西) their
63 习惯 搭配 a touch of “一点点;稍许”,是固定搭配,touch“轻微;稍许”,常用作单数 a
64 修饰 关系 enough 为形容词,修饰形容词用副词,作状语,rarely意思是“很少” rarely
65 动词 用法 分析句子可知,此处考查“leave sb. doing sth.”,本句是被动语态。I与want之间在逻辑上是主动关系,用现在分词wanting wanting
【技巧归纳】
技巧1 提示词为动词
句中缺少谓语动词 考虑使用谓语动词的相关形式,考虑动词的时态、语态,并注意人称的单复数变化
句中已有谓语动词,且有连词表示平行的逻辑关系 考虑使用谓语动词的相关形式,考虑动词的时态、语态,并注意人称的单复数变化
句中已有谓语动词,又排除是并列谓语的可能性 空白处的动词要用非谓语形式。如真题第57题,句中have to decide为谓语,故用非谓语形式,再根据逻辑关系,本题用动词不定式。而第59题则使用动词的过去分词形式作定语
排除了使用谓语或非谓语的可能性 可能属于词类转换,根据语境和语法线索确定相关形式
技巧2 词性、词义转换(名词、动词、形容词、副词或代词)
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子 用副词形式作状语。如真题第64题,所给词rare是形容词,在句中修饰形容词,故用副词形式rarely
提示词是形容词或副词 考虑其比较级或最高级形式
句子缺少表语、定语或补语 考虑使用形容词形式
在冠词、形容词性物主代词之后,或“冠词+形容词”之后所使用的名词形式 考虑其单复数情况
提示词是名词 根据修饰和所属关系,可以考虑其形容词或所有格形式,如第56题,所给名词与后面的名词是修饰关系,故用其形容词形式tasty
不存在词类转换 可能属于词义转换题,主要考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词形式
【拓展演练】
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Qingtuan, or sweet green rice balls, is 1 typical and popular Qingming Festival food in China's eastern provinces.
Made of a 2 (mix) of glutinous (黏的) rice flour and green plant juice, Qingtuan 3 (stuff) with sweetened bean paste. A green plant called mugwort, or “Ai Cao”in Chinese, is 4 brings the color to the delicacy. This time of year is when the plant has just jumped out of the earth and is at its 5 (fine).
With some soda 6 (add) to the water, the plant is boiled into a state of paste. Normal rice flour is mixed into glutinous rice flour to make the rice ball sticky, 7 not too soft to be shaped. Next, the liquid is poured into the powder. This rice dough is then kneaded (揉) into little green balls.
The green rice balls can have various fillings, most 8 (tradition) being sesame or bean paste. But nowadays some people also make ones filled with pork meat, pickled vegetables and bamboo shoots.
9 (date) back to the Tang dynasty, the sweet green rice balls have been around for some 1000 years. Originally as food to sacrifice to ancestors, they have gradually become a dish of the season. For people who leave their hometowns for work elsewhere, the sweet green rice balls are a delicacy reminding them 10 home.
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
La rou, or preserved meat, is a winter season specialty in China. They are customarily made during the last lunar month on the 11 (tradition) Chinese calendar when the temperature is cool 12 not freezing to dry and preserve these staples. La rou, generally refers to pork products while other cured meat, la wei, is made across China 13 (depend) on local availability, using goose, duck, rabbit, and even seafood.
The preserved meat 14 (consider) a form of cultural heritage in many places. Similar to bacon, the Chinese preserved meat is made with large quantities of salt, some of 15 are smoked over with fire 16 (achieve) more flavor. There are many kinds of preserved meat in China with 17 (incredible) diverse ingredients and recipes, bringing a wide range of flavors from sweet to hot.
Each region has its own seasoning and flavor profile. The Cantonese 18 (vary) is sweet, flavored with sugar, rice wine, and so y sauce. In Sichuan, it tends to be hotter, seasoned with chili pepper and Sichuan pepper powder. Both of them are great choices 19 ingredients for dishes like fried rice and vegetable stir-fry. Cured poultry products are commonly found in South China. They are slaughtered, butchered, and rubbed with alcohol before salting, which 20 (dry) out the meat and prevents bacteria growing on it.
3
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
On Sept. 7, famous Chinese archaeologist Fan Jinshi, 85, 21 (award) by UNESCO for her contribution to the protection of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang.
22 (call) the “daughter of Dunhuang”, she started her story with the cave 60 years ago. In 1963, Fan, then a 25-year-old Peking University graduate, had the chance to work at the Mogao Caves, a place 23 had long been on her list of sites to explore. Back in those days, the Mogao Caves were almost 24 (complete) cut off from the world. Fan and her coworkers stayed inside the caves to do research, copy murals (壁画), and do 25 they could to protect and restore them. As time passed, Fan found a serious problem. 26 number of tourists visiting Dunhuang was increasing, which might harm the caves, 27 (cause) the murals inside to fade. In the late 1980s, Fan learnt about computer technology 28 chance. She realized that this might preserve the Mogao Caves forever.
After over 30 years of 29 (explore), the Dunhuang Academy built a digital database to protect cultural relics there, allowing Dunhuang’s art to live forever 30 to step out of the caves to meet the world.
4
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s a Friday morning in Boston, which means Dr. Jim O’Connell is making his rounds. He might be more comfortable inside an exam room, but that’s not where his patients are. O’Connell is one of a handful of physicians making house calls to the homeless in the city.
More than 550,000 Americans are homeless, and many have health problems but no access to care. O’Connell and his team, 31 (make) up of psychiatrists, internists, a nurse practitioner, a case manager, and a recovery coach, are doing something about it. They spend their days walking around 32 the homeless live—in parks, under bridges, and on the outskirts of town. They treat about 700 regular patients. During these rounds, O’Connell 33 usually sees about 20 patients. He knows where most of them sleep and whom to ask 34 they are missing. “I feel like I’m a country doctor in the middle of the city, you know ” he said.
O’Connell went to Harvard Medical School and was on his way to a prestigious oncology (肿瘤学) fellowship when his chief suggested he 35 (take) what was supposed to be a one-year position as the founding physician of a new health-care program for Boston’s homeless. That turned into a 33-year career at the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, one of the country’s 36 (large) of its kind.
“You realize, ‘You know what, I’m just a doctor. And what I can do is I can get to know you and ease your suffering, just 37 I would as an oncologist,’” O’Connell said. “You could not find 38 more grateful population.”
And his patients are grateful. “This man is unbelievable!” one remarked. “He’s like Jesus,” another added.
When asked about 39 his life might have turned out had he become a highly paid oncologist, O’Connell said, “I never think about it anymore.” Some things are more valuable than money. Just ask the man 40 gets everything from patients with nothing material to give.
5
阅读下面材料，在答题卡相应位置处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The China Cultural Center in Paris hosted the “Nihao! China” Lantern Festival Culinary (食物的) Night at the Jardin Acclimatation amusement park in Paris on 41 eve of the Lantern Festival. During the event, the guests watched an ethnic music performance presented by five European-based 42 (musician).
Guests also 43 (visit) the Yuyuan Garden Lantern Show, which has lasted 72 days and covered important holidays such as New Year’s Day, Spring Festival and Lantern Festival. Themed “Classic of Mountains and Seas”, 44 shares the name of the ancient Chinese mythology (神话) of Shan Hai Jing, the show contains 2,000 traditional lanterns, 45 (allow) visitors to appreciate the spectacular art of Chinese lanterns and much 46 (rich) Chinese culture. In the food experience session, guests enjoyed traditional Chinese delicacies such as bingtang hulu and dao xiao mian, further deepening 47 (they) understanding and appreciation of Chinese culture.
The “Nihao! China” Lantern Festival Culinary Night served 48 the closing event of the 2024 “Happy Chinese New Year” celebrations of the China Cultural Center in Paris. The “Nihao! China” Lantern Festival 24-Hour Live Global Broadcast, 49 (host) by China Daily, covers six cities in four countries: China, France, Hungary and Italy, presenting an ever-increasing feast visually and 50 (cultural).
6
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (高原), the Sanjiangyuan Region, which has the 51 (impress) landscape and various wildlife, is home to the headwaters (上游) of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers, 52 is thus known as Asia’s “water tower”. The Sanjiangyuan Region is not only the source of splendid rivers, but also an important habitat for species on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. In the past few decades, the delicate ecological environment 53 (preserve) silently by the locals.
Little known to the outsiders, Jianzuo Village, located near the headwaters of the Lancang River, is the first community on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau to lead a zero-waste life. People gave up using plastic products 54 (protect) the water and soil in the Sanjiangyuan Region. In 2017, local people made use of floors, doors and windows 55 (desert) in the Yushu earthquake to build 56 zero-waste environmental protection school. 57 makes the school unique is that the insides are decorated with recycled things and second-hand furniture. And every old object has a special story. The zero-waste school also 58 (remind) the local people of the beauty of traditional culture. As the “zero-waste dream” comes true, people who have lived 59 generations on the plateau have also regained their cultural 60 (confident).
7
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Shuttlecock (毽子) kicking is a traditional popular folk game. The fun game gained popularity during the Tang Dynasty, when stores 61 (specialize) in the shuttlecock business appeared. In the Qing Dynasty, shuttlecock kicking reached its peak in terms of both making 62 (technique) and kicking skills.
To make a feather shuttlecock, a piece of cloth wrapped around a coin 63 (need). Through the coin hole you can stick some feathers, 64 function is to delay the rising and falling of the shuttlecock.
There 65 (be) a great number of variations in styles and methods of kicking. With one leg fixed on the ground, the shuttlecock is kicked by the inner ankle of 66 other. Some other styles include kicking the shuttlecock backwards and forwards between two people. Those who advance to a high level of mastery can perform some actions that are 67 (fair) wonderful.
Playing with shuttlecocks is 68 (benefit) to health. When people are kicking , various parts of the body need to work together, which enhances balance capabilities and physical flexibility and helps them strengthen their legs. Besides, shuttlecock kicking is convenient 69 (play). It can be practiced just about anywhere and anytime.
Since the establishment of the Chinese Shuttlecock Kicking Association in 1987, the national shuttlecock kicking tournament has been held annually, appealing 70 people of all ages.
8
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese writer Hai Ya’s The Space-Time Painter won the Hugo Award for Best Novelette(中篇小说)on Saturday. He became the third Chinese writer 71 (win) a Hugo award after Liu Cixinin 2015 and Hao Jingfang in 2016.
A total of 19 awards in different categories 72 (announce) at the 2023 Chengdu World Science Fiction Convention. The event was held 73 Wednesday to Sunday.
Hai Ya’s novel is inspired by a painting masterpiece, Qianli Jiangshan Tu by Wang Ximeng from the Song Dynasty (960-1279). Hai Ya has woven the story of Wang’s life into a thriller that combines the elements of 74 (tradition) Chinese culture and history with sci-fi and detective genres(体裁).
Modeled on the life of Wang, Hai Ya has created the character of painting talent Zhao Ximeng, who painted for 75 emperor more than 1,000 years ago. After much 76 (suffer), the painter’s mind abandons his physical body and enters a space 77 a modern police officer is investigating a case involving an ancient painting. The story 78 (reveal) the political upheavals(动荡) of the period during which the painting was created.
A post 79 (write) by sci-fi writer Han Song on Sina Weibo reads that it shows a new force of Chinese sci-fi has risen 80 that sci-fi has become a name card and a language for China to communicate with the world.
9
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
More young people are trying their hand at farming the soil. Guo Lan, 29, works in a vegetable greenhouse on his organic farm 81 (locate) in the suburban district of Hefei, East China’s Anhui province. It is the eighth time this summer that Guo has failed to grow vegetables 82 using chemicals. Despite trying various homemade pest solutions, such as plant ash and mixtures of pepper and alcohol, the vegetable 83 (leaf) were still being eaten by insects. “I will not give up 84 (try),” the 29-year-old accountant-turned-farmer says. He is determined to turn his farm into 85 organic one, cultivating fruits and vegetables with the same flavors as those from his childhood memories.
“Growing tasty and healthy food 86 (be) my dream since I was a teenager. I know 87 challenging it can be, but if you take the soil 88 (serious), I believe it will pay off,” Guo says. He adds that farming is not a business that can make quick money, but for him, it has become an uplifting activity that brings back memories of spending time on the farm with 89 (he) parents as a child. Guo’s passion for organic farming and commitment to producing healthy food will surely inspire more young people to explore 90 (sustain) agriculture.
10
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China plans to start building a lunar base in about four years, 91 (kick) off with bricks made of moon soil, according to scientists related to the project, the local news agency reported. Ding Lieyun, 92 leading scientist at Huazhong University of Science and Technology, told local media that the first brick 93 (make) from moon soil during the Chang’e 8 mission around 2028.
China has previously said its lunar base will likely be powered by nuclear energy, and will include a lander, hopper, orbiter and rover, all of 94 would be constructed by the Chang’e 6, 7 and 8 missions. It wasn’t immediately clear in the interview 95 the entire base will be built with lunar soil.
“Eentually, building habitation 96 the Earth is essential not only for all humanity’s quest for space exploration, but also for China’s 97 (strategy) needs as a space power,” Ding said in a separate interview.
The moon is believed 98 (contain) a source of waste-free nuclear energy that could meet global energy demands for 250 years, meaning potentially hundreds of billions of dollars’ worth of resources.
Yu Dengyun, from the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, provided an 99 (update) timeline for the next three Chang’e missions. Chang’e 6 will launch in 2025 to collect samples from the far side of the moon, Chang’e 7 will blastoff the following year to search for water-ice, 100 Chang’e 8 should land some two years after that.
参考答案
1
1. a 2. mixture 3. is stuffed 4. what 5. finest 6. added 7. but 8. traditionally 9. Dating 10. of
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了青团的制作、馅料演变、历史起源及其文化意义。
1. 考查冠词。句意：青团，或甜的绿色饭团，是中国东部省份清明节的典型和流行的食物。此处意为一种典型的受欢迎的清明食物，且typical是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
2. 考查名词。句意：青团是由糯米粉和绿色植物汁混合而成，里面塞满了甜豆沙。a mixture of“……的混合物”。故填mixture。
3. 考查时态。句意：青团是由糯米粉和绿色植物汁混合而成，里面塞满了甜豆沙。be stuffed with“塞满了”为固定短语，本句在陈述事实，为一般现在时。故填is stuffed。
4. 查表语从句。句意：一种叫做艾草的绿色植物为这道美味带来了色彩。引导表语从句，从句缺主语， 指事物应用what。故填what。
5. 考查形容词最高级。句意：每年的这个时候，植物刚从地里冒出来，处于最好的状态。结合句意“最好的”可知应用最高级finest。故填finest。
6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：把一些苏打水加到水里，把植物煮成糊状。soda与add是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填added。
7. 考查连词。句意：将普通米粉混入糯米粉中，使饭团有粘性，但又不能太软而无法成形。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。
8. 考查副词。句意：青团可以有各种各样的馅料，最传统的是芝麻或豆沙。副词traditionally作状语，修饰动词。故填traditionally。
9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：青团的历史可以追溯到唐朝，距今已有1000多年的历史。此处the sweet green rice balls与date为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Dating。
10. 考查介词。句意：对于那些离开家乡到其他地方工作的人来说，绿色的甜饭团是一种让他们想起家乡的美味。固定搭配remind sb. of sth.表示“使某人想起……”。故填of。
2
11. traditional 12. but/yet 13. depending 14. is considered 15. which 16. to achieve 17. incredibly 18. variation 19. as 20. dries
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国冬季特色食品腊肉的制作传统、不同地区的风味差异，以及其在各地文化中的价值。强调了不同地区根据当地资源制作的腊肉品种和独特食谱，展现了中国饮食文化的多样性和丰富性。
11. 考查形容词。句意：它们通常在中国传统农历的最后一个月制作，那时温度凉爽但不结冰，以便晾干和保存这些主食。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，tradition的形容词形式是traditional。故填traditional。
12. 考查连词。句意：它们通常在中国传统农历的最后一个月制作，那时温度凉爽但不结冰，以便晾干和保存这些主食。cool和not freezing是转折关系，用but或者yet连接。故填but或者yet。
13. 考查非谓语动词。句意：腊肉通常指的是猪肉制品，而腊味则是中国各地根据当地的供应情况制作的，原料有鹅肉、鸭肉、兔肉，甚至海鲜。本句已有谓语动词is made，所以depend用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语la wei之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填depending。
14. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：在许多地方，腊肉被认为是一种文化遗产。consider作本句谓语，和主语preserved meat之间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数。故填is considered。
15. 考查定语从句。句意：与培根类似，中国的腊肉是用大量的盐制成的，其中一些是用火熏过的，以获得更多的味道。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Chinese preserved meat，在从句中作宾语，用which引导。故填which。
16. 考查非谓语动词。句意：与培根类似，中国的腊肉是用大量的盐制成的，其中一些是用火熏过的，以获得更多的味道。本句已有谓语动词are smoked，所以achieve用非谓语形式，此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to achieve。
17. 考查副词。句意：中国的腊肉种类繁多，配料和制作方法也非常多样化，从甜到辣的口味也多种多样。空处修饰空后的形容词，用副词。故填incredibly。
18. 考查名词。句意：广东的版本是甜的，用糖、米酒和酱油调味。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作主语，vary的名词形式是variation。故填variation。
19. 考查介词。句意：它们都是炒饭和炒菜的好选择。此处表达“作为炒饭和炒菜的材料”之意，应用介词as“作为”符合语境。故填as。
20. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：他们被宰杀、屠宰，在腌制之前用酒精擦拭，这样可以使肉变干，防止细菌在上面生长。定语从句中and连接两个谓语动词dry和prevent，根据后文的prevents可知，用动词的三单形式。故填dries。
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21. was awarded 22. Called 23. to work 24. that/which pletely 26. what/whatever 27. The 28. causing 29. by 30. exploration
【解析】本文为一则新闻报道。9月7日，联合国教科文组织授予85岁的中国著名考古学家樊锦诗荣誉称号，以表彰她为保护敦煌莫高窟所做的贡献。
21. 考查谓语动词的时态、语态。句意：9月7日，联合国教科文组织授予85岁的中国著名考古学家樊进石荣誉称号，以表彰她为保护敦煌莫高窟所做的贡献。award作动词意为“颁发、授予”，樊锦诗在九月七日被授予表彰，九月七日为具体过去时间，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。主语“樊锦诗”为单数，故填was rewarded。
22. 考查非谓语动词。句意：被称为“敦煌之女”的她，从60年前的洞穴开始了她的故事。此处call与she构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Called。
23. 考查定语从句。句意：1963年，25岁的北京大学毕业生樊有机会在莫高窟工作，这个地方一直是她想去探索的地方。定语从句修饰的是先行词a place。从句中缺主语，因此用that/which指代先行词充当从句主语成分。故填that/which。
24. 考查副词。句意：那时候，莫高窟几乎与外界完全隔绝。修饰动词短语were cut off应用副词completely。故填completely。
25. 考查宾语从句。句意：樊和她的同事呆在洞穴里做研究，复制壁画，尽他们所能保护和修复它们。主句主语为Fan and her coworkers，谓语动词为stayed和do，从句作do的宾语。从句they could（do）为避免重复省略了do，因此从句缺少宾语。该句意为“做她们能做的事”或“做她们能做的任何事”，因此用what/whatever来充当从句宾语成分。故填what/whatever。
26. 考查冠词。句意：参观敦煌的游客越来越多，这可能会损害洞穴，导致里面的壁画褪色。the number of表示“……的数量”，首字母大写。故填The。
27. 考查非谓语动词。句意：参观敦煌的游客越来越多，这可能会损害洞穴，导致里面的壁画褪色。此处cause与上文句子构成主动关系，指游客增加这件事情造成内部的壁画褪色，使用现在分词表主动。故填causing。
28. 考查介词。句意：在20世纪80年代末，樊偶然了解了计算机技术。by chance意为“偶然地”。故填by。
29. 考查名词。句意：经过30多年的探索，敦煌研究院建立了一个数字数据库来保护那里的文物，让敦煌的艺术永世长存，走出洞穴，与世界相遇。前文of为介词，后接名词，因此用exploration，故填exploration。
30. 考查连词。句意：经过30多年的探索，敦煌研究院建立了一个数字数据库来保护那里的文物，让敦煌的艺术永世长存，走出洞穴，与世界相遇。结合前后文语境可知为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and 。
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31. made 32. where 33. himself 34. if/when 35. take 36. largest 37. as 38. a 39. how 40. who/that
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了Dr. Jim O'Connell致力于为波士顿无家可归者提供医疗关怀的故事，展现了他及其团队的工作内容、工作方式以及对这一事业的执着和奉献精神，同时也反映了社会问题和人道主义关怀。
31. 考查非谓语动词。句意：O’Connell和他的团队，由精神科医生、内科医生、护士执业者、案例经理和康复教练组成，正在为此采取行动。本句谓语为are doing，此处为非谓语动词，且team与make up“组成”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填made。
32. 考查宾语从句。句意：他们整天在无家可归者生活的地方四处走动——在公园里、桥下以及城镇的边缘地带。本空引导宾语从句，作介词around的宾语，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。
33. 考查代词。句意：在这些巡访中，O’Connell通常会看大约20个病人。本空用反身代词himself“他自己”，作O’Connell的同位语。故填himself。
34. 考查条件状语从句。句意：他知道他们中的大多数人睡在哪里，如果/当他们失踪了该问谁。此处表示“如果”，应用if引导条件状语从句。或者此处表示“当……时候”，用when引导时间状语从句。故填if或when。
35. 考查虚拟语气。句意：O’Connell曾就读于哈佛医学院，在即将获得一个有声望的肿瘤学奖学金时，他的上司建议他接受一个原本为期一年的职位，成为波士顿无家可归者新医疗计划的创始医师。suggest表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形，should可省略，本空用动词原词take。故填take。
36. 考查形容词最高级。句意：这变成了他在波士顿无家可归者健康关怀项目工作的33年职业生涯，这是美国同类项目中最大的之一。根据句意及one of the...可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式，large的最高级为largest“最大的”。故填largest。
37. 考查方式状语从句。句意：O’Connell said说：“你意识到，‘你知道吗，我只是个医生。我所能做的就是了解你，减轻你的痛苦，就像我作为肿瘤学家所做的那样。’”此处需要一个连接词引导方式状语从句，表示“正如，如同”，应用as引导。故填as。
38. 考查冠词。句意：你找不到一个更感激的人群了。population在句中表示“人群”，为可数名词，且此处泛指“一个更感激的人群”，more是以辅音音素开头的单词，故用不定冠词a。故填a。
39. 考查宾语从句。句意：当被问及如果他成为一名高薪肿瘤学家，他的生活可能会变成什么样子时，O’Connell说：“我再也不去想它了。”本空引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，故用how引导。故填how。
40. 考查定语从句。句意：只要问问那个从物质上一无所有的病人那里得到一切的人就知道了。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词the man，且关系代词代替先行词在从句中作主语，故用who或that引导。故填who/that。
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41. the 42. musicians 43. visited 44. which 45. allowing 46. richer 47. their 48. as 49. hosted 50. culturally
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了龙年元宵节前夜，巴黎中国文化中心在巴黎风情园举办的“你好！中国”——“豫园灯会美食夜”活动。
41. 考查冠词。句意：元宵节前夜，巴黎中国文化中心在巴黎风情园举办了“你好！中国”元宵节美食之夜活动。空处表示特指，指“元宵节前夜”，应用定冠词the。故填the。
42. 考查名词复数。句意：在活动期间，嘉宾们观看了五位在欧洲的音乐家的民族音乐表演。根据“five”可知，musician应用复数形式，作介词by宾语。故填musicians。
43. 考查时态。句意：来宾们还参观了豫园灯展，灯展持续了72天，涵盖了元旦、春节和元宵节等重要节日。空处作句子的谓语，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时。故填visited。
44. 考查定语从句。句意：该展览以“山海经”为主题，与中国古代神话《山海经》同名，包含2000盏传统灯笼，让游客欣赏壮观的中国灯笼艺术和更丰富的中国文化。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Classic of Mountains and Seas，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。
45. 考查非谓语动词。句意：该展览以“山海经”为主题，与中国古代神话《山海经》同名，包含2000盏传统灯笼，让游客欣赏壮观的中国灯笼艺术和更丰富的中国文化。句子主干成分完整，空处表示随着谓语行为自然发生的结果，作结果状语，应用allow的现在分词形式。故填allowing。
46. 考查形容词比较级。句意：该展览以“山海经”为主题，与中国古代神话《山海经》同名，包含2000盏传统灯笼，让游客欣赏壮观的中国灯笼艺术和更丰富的中国文化。设空处作定语修饰名词短语Chinese culture，根据“much”以及句意可知，此处表示比较的含义，应用rich的比较级形式。故填richer。
47. 考查代词。句意：在美食体验环节，嘉宾们品尝了冰塘葫芦、刀削面等中国传统美食，进一步加深了对中国文化的了解和欣赏。空处修饰understanding和appreciation，应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
48. 考查介词。句意：“你好！中国”元宵节美食之夜是巴黎中国文化中心2024年“欢乐春节”系列活动的收官项目。固定短语serve as意为“充当，担任”。故填as。
49. 考查非谓语动词。句意：“你好！中国”元宵节24小时全球直播由《中国日报》主办，覆盖中国、法国、匈牙利、意大利四个国家的六个城市，呈现一场日益丰富的视觉和文化盛宴。句子主干成分完整，空处作前面名词短语的非限制性后置定语，host和该名词短语逻辑上是被动关系，且该动作已完成，应用host的过去分词形式。故填hosted。
50. 考查副词。句意：“你好！中国”元宵节24小时全球直播由《中国日报》主办，覆盖中国、法国、匈牙利、意大利四个国家的六个城市，呈现一场日益丰富的视觉和文化盛宴。空处和visually并列作状语，应用副词culturally。故填culturally。
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51. impressive 52. which 53. has been preserved 54. to protect 55. deserted 56. a 57. What 58. reminds 59. for 60. confidence
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了在青藏高原上，三江源地区是长江、黄河和澜沧江的源头，拥有令人印象深刻的景观和各种野生动物，因此被称为亚洲的“水塔”。
51. 考查形容词。句意：在青藏高原上，三江源地区是长江、黄河和澜沧江的源头，拥有令人印象深刻的景观和各种野生动物，因此被称为亚洲的“水塔”。修饰名词landscape应用形容词impressive作定语。故填impressive。
52. 考查定语从句。句意：在青藏高原上，三江源地区是长江、黄河和澜沧江的源头，拥有令人印象深刻的景观和各种野生动物，因此被称为亚洲的“水塔”。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the Sanjiangyuan Region，先行词指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。
53. 考查时态语态。句意：在过去的几十年里，这里脆弱的生态环境被当地人默默保护着。主语the delicate ecological environment与谓语动词preserve构成被动关系，根据上文In the past few decades可知为现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has。故填has been preserved。
54. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保护三江源地区的水土，人们放弃了使用塑料制品。protect在句中作目的状语，应用不定式形式。故填to protect。
55. 考查非谓语动词。句意：2017年，当地民众利用玉树地震中废弃的地板、门窗，建造了一所零垃圾环保学校。此处desert与floors, doors and windows构成逻辑被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填deserted。
56. 考查冠词。句意：2017年，当地民众利用玉树地震中废弃的地板、门窗，建造了一所零垃圾环保学校。此处school为泛指，且zero-waste是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。故填a。
57. 考查主语从句。句意：学校的独特之处在于内部装饰着回收的东西和二手家具。该空引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物应用连接代词what，首字母大写。故填What。
58. 考查时态。句意：零垃圾学校也提醒当地人传统文化之美。根据上文And every old object has a special story.可知为一般现在时，主语为school，谓语用三单形式。故填reminds。
59. 考查介词。句意：随着“零废梦”的实现，世世代代生活在高原上的人们也重拾了文化自信。短语for generations表示“世世代代”。故填for。
60. 考查名词。句意：随着“零废梦”的实现，世世代代生活在高原上的人们也重拾了文化自信。作动词的宾语，应用不可数名词confidence。故填confidence。
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61. specializing 62. techniques 63. is needed 64. whose 65. are 66. the 67. fairly 68. beneficial 69. to play 70. to
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了踢毽子的历史，包括制作方法、如何踢以及好处。
61. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种有趣的游戏在唐代开始流行，当时专门从事毽子生意的商店出现了。动词specialize和stores之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，故填specializing。
62. 考查名词复数。句意：在清代，踢毽子在制作技术和踢法上都达到了顶峰。technique是可数名词，结合和空处并列的skills可知此处应用名词复数形式，故填techniques。
63. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：要制作羽绒毽子，需要用一块布包裹一枚硬币。主语coin和动词need之间是被动关系，且句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，故填is needed。
64. 考查定语从句。句意：通过硬币孔可以插入一些羽毛，其作用是延缓毽子的起落。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是feathers，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose，故填whose。
65. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：踢毽子的风格和方法有很多变化。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语variations表示复数意义，故填are。
66. 考查冠词。句意：一只腿固定在地面上，另一只脚用脚踝内侧踢毽子。结合句意及常识可知，此处特指两条腿中的另一只，应用the other，故填the。
67. 考查副词。句意：那些提升到精通水平的人可以执行一些相当精彩的动作。空处修饰形容词wonderful，应用副词形式，故填fairly。
68. 考查形容词。句意：踢毽子对健康有益。空处应填形容词作表语，be beneficial to“对……有益”，故填beneficial。
69. 考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，踢毽子也很方便。此处是“be+形容词+动词不定式”结构，是固定用法，故填to play。
70. 考查介词。句意：自1987年中国踢毽球协会成立以来，每年都举办全国踢毽球比赛，吸引了各个年龄段的人们。appeal to“吸引”，固定短语，故填to。
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71. to win 72. were announced 73. from 74. traditional 75. an 76. suffering 77. where 78. reveals 79. written 80. and
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。中国作家海漄的《时空画师》获得雨果奖“最佳中篇小说”奖。
71. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他成为继 2015 年刘慈欣和 2016 年郝景芳之后第三位获得雨果奖的中国作家。空白处在句子中作定语，使用非谓语动词，当被修饰词前有序数词修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语，故填to win。
72. 考查时态语态。句意：在 2023 年成都世界科幻大会上，共宣布了 19 个不同类别的奖项。根据时间状语 on Saturday 可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时，主语awards 和谓语动词announce 为被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were announced。
73. 考查介词。句意：该活动于周三至周日举行。from…to…为固定短语，意为“从……到……”，符合句意。故填from。
74. 考查形容词。句意：海漄将王希孟的生平故事编织成一部惊悚小说，将中国传统文化和历史元素与科幻和侦探题材相结合。此处修饰名词Chinese culture，需用形容词作定语。故填traditional。
75. 考查冠词。句意：以王希孟为原型，海漄创造了绘画天才赵希孟这个角色，他在 1000 多年前为一位皇帝作画。此处泛指“一位皇帝”，需用不定冠词，emperor是以元音音素开头的单词，需用不定冠词 an。故填an。
76. 考查名词。句意：经过诸多磨难，画家的心灵抛弃了他的肉体，进入了一个空间，在那里一位现代警察正在调查一起涉及一幅古老画作的案件。此处作介词after的宾语，需用动名词，suffering 意为“苦难”，是不可数名词。故填suffering。
77. 考查定语从句。句意：同上。空处引导定语从句，先行词为a space，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
78. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个故事揭示了这幅画创作时期的政治动荡。此处陈述客观事实，需用一般现在时，主语为the story，单数第三人称，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填reveals。
79. 考查非谓语动词。句意：科幻作家韩松在新浪微博上发表的一篇帖子称，这表明中国科幻新势力已经崛起，科幻已经成为中国与世界交流的名片和语言。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词post，post 和write为逻辑上的动宾关系，需用过去分词形式表被动。故填written。
80. 考查连词。句意：同上。根据空白处上文“shows a new force of Chinese sci-fi has risen(中国科幻新势力已经崛起)”以及下文“that sci-fi has become a name card and a language for China to communicate with the world.( 科幻已经成为中国与世界交流的名片和语言)”可知，上下文之间为并列关系，需用连词and 连接。故填and。
9
81. located 82. without 83. leaves 84. trying 85. an 86. has been 87. how 88. seriously 89. his 90. sustainable
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了29岁农民Guo Lan在安徽省合肥市郊外努力实现有机农业梦想的故事。
81. 考查非谓语动词。句意：29岁的Guo Lan在他位于中国东部安徽省合肥市郊区的有机农场的蔬菜大棚里工作。非谓语动词locate和farm之间是逻辑被动关系，locate应用过去分词形式作后置定语，故填located。
82. 考查介词。句意：这是Guo今年夏天第八次在不使用化学品的情况下种植蔬菜失败。结合句意可知此处表示“没有”，使用介词without，故填without。
83. 考查名词复数。句意：尽管尝试了各种自制的害虫解决方案，如植物灰烬和胡椒和酒精的混合物，但蔬菜叶子仍然被昆虫吃掉。谓语were being eaten提示主语复数形式，leaf“叶子”，可数名词，表示“蔬菜叶子”应用复数形式，故填leaves。
84. 考查非谓语动词。句意：“我不会放弃尝试，”这位29岁的会计师出身的农民说。give up doing sth.“放弃做某事”，try用动名词形式，故填trying。
85. 考查冠词。句意：他决心把自己的农场变成一个有机农场，种植和童年记忆中一样味道的水果和蔬菜。此处泛指“一个有机农场”，使用不定冠词，且organic以元音音素开头，故填an。
86. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：种植美味健康的食物是我十几岁时的梦想。根据时间状语“since I was a teenager”可知主句使用现在完成时，主语是动名词短语，表示单数意义，谓语单数形式，故填has been。
87. 考查宾语从句。句意：“我知道这很有挑战性，但如果你认真对待土壤，我相信它会有回报的，”Guo说。空处引导宾语从句，结合句意可知，此处使用连接副词how引导，修饰形容词challenging，故填how。
88. 考查副词。句意：同上。空处修饰动词take，应用副词seriously作状语，take sth. seriously (认真对待某事)，故填seriously。
89. 考查代词。句意：他补充说，务农不是一项能赚快钱的生意，但对他来说，这已经成为一项令人振奋的活动，让他回想起小时候和父母在农场度过的时光。空处修饰名词parents，应用形容词性物主代词his，故填his。
90. 考查形容词。句意：Guo对有机农业的热情和对生产健康食品的承诺，一定会激励更多的年轻人探索可持续农业。空处修饰名词agriculture，应用形容词sustainable作定语，故填sustainable。
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91. kicking 92. a 93. would be made 94. which 95. if/whether 96. beyond/outside 97. strategic 98. to contain 99. updated 100. and
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国计划在大约四年内开始在月球上建造一个月球基地，该计划将以月球土壤制成的砖块作为开端。
91. 考查现在分词。句意：据当地新闻机构报道，与该项目的科学家表示，中国计划在大约四年内开始建造月球基地，并将以月球土壤制成的砖块为开端。分析句子结构可知，kick off在句子中不作为谓语动词使用，它和“China plans to start building a lunar base in about four years”之间为主动关系，因此使用现在分词作状语，故填kicking。
92. 考查冠词。句意：华中科技大学首席科学家丁烈云在接受当地媒体采访时表示，第一块砖将在2028年左右的嫦娥8号任务期间从月球土壤中制成。 scientist 为可数名词，leading是以辅音音素开头的单词，因此使用不定冠词a，故填a。
93. 考查时态和语态。句意：华中科技大学首席科学家丁烈云在接受当地媒体采访时表示，第一块砖将在2028年左右的嫦娥8号任务期间从月球土壤中制成。make是谓语动词，它和“the first brick”之间为被动关系，并且make的动作发生在told 之后，则用过去将来时的被动语态“would be done”，故填would be made。
94. 考查定语从句。句意：中国此前曾表示，其月球基地可能由核能供电，包括着陆器、料斗、轨道器和月球车，所有这些都将由嫦娥6号、7号和8号任务建造。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，“a lander, hopper, orbiter and rover”是先行词，它在从句中作宾语，指物，因此使用which引导定语从句，故填which。
95. 考查从属连词。句意：在采访中，目前还不清楚整个基地是否会用月球土壤建造。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导主语从句，需要的词义为“是否”，使用连词if或whethe，故填if或whether。
96. 考查介词。句意：丁在一次单独的采访中说：“最终，在地球外部建造居住地不仅对人类追求太空探索至关重要，而且对中国作为太空大国的战略需求也至关重要。”根据句意的需要可知，此处应该填入介词，表示“在……之外”，可以使用beyond或outside，故填beyond或outside。
97. 考查形容词。句意：丁在一次单独的采访中说：“最终，在地球外部建造居住地不仅对人类追求太空探索至关重要，而且对中国作为太空大国的战略需求也至关重要。”此处需填入形容词作定语修饰needs，需要的词义为“战略的”，即strategic，故填strategic。
98. 考查动词不定式。句意：据信，月球上蕴藏着一种无废料的核能资源，可以满足全球250年的能源需求，这意味着潜在价值数千亿美元的资源。be believed to do表示“被认为做某事”，故填to contain。
99. 考查过去分词。句意：来自中国航天科技集团公司的于登云提供了未来三次嫦娥任务的最新时间表。update和timeline之间为被动关系，因此使用过去分词作定语，需要的词义为“最新的”，即updated，故填updated。
100. 考查并列连词。句意：嫦娥六号将于2025年发射，从月球背面收集样本，嫦娥七号将于次年发射，寻找水冰，嫦娥八号将在两年后着陆。根据“provided an...( update) timeline for the next three Chang’e missions”可知，“Chang’e 6”和“Chang’e 7”以及“Chang’e 8”是并列关系，使用并列连词and来连接，故填and。(共10张PPT)
语法填空之有提示词
【考点分析】
考点1 动词的时态和语态与主谓一致
考点2 非谓语动词
考点3 词性转换
【真题示例】
【典例示例】 (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 56.__________(taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot.To eat one, you have to decide whether 57.__________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出), 58.__________to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
Shanghai may be the 59.__________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace.There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 60.__________ hand rather than rolled.Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 61.__________(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 62.__________(they) contents.The meat should be fresh with 63.__________ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 64.__________(rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 65.__________(want) more next time.
【解题思维】
第一步 通读全文,明确主旨大意。
本文是说明文。本篇描写了作者最爱的中国美食小笼包鲜美的味道以及它的产地南翔和它精细的制作工艺。
第二步 分析句子和句际关系,确定题型和考点。
题号 56 57 58 59 60
提示 有 有 无 有 无
考点 形容词 非谓语 连词 非谓语 介词
题号 61 62 63 64 65
提示 有 有 无 有 有
考点 非谓语 代词 冠词 副词 非谓语
第三步 从词法、句法和语法入手,确定词汇和词形。
序号 技巧 解题方法演示 答案
56 修饰 关系 形容词需修饰后面的名词soup,故空格需用形容词tasty作定语 _____
57 逻辑 关系 decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,用不定式作宾语,空处与后面to put并列作宾语 ______
58 固定 搭配 whether...or...意思是 “是……还是……”,是固定搭配,此处whether...or...连接两个动词不定式 ___
59 修饰 关系 空格在名词home前面作定语,recognize与home在逻辑上是动宾关系,需填过去分词recognized作定语,recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语 __________
60 习惯搭配 by hand“用手”是固定搭配 ___
tasty
to bite
or
recognized
by
序号 技巧 解题方法演示 答案
61 语态 关系 根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知,空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系,空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted __________
62 所属 关系 此处需用形容词性物主代词their修饰后面的名词contents(东西) _____
63 习惯 搭配 a touch of “一点点;稍许”,是固定搭配,touch“轻微;稍许”,常用作单数 __
64 修饰 关系 enough 为形容词,修饰形容词用副词,作状语,rarely意思是“很少” ______
65 动词 用法 分析句子可知,此处考查“leave sb. doing sth.”,本句是被动语态。I与want之间在逻辑上是主动关系,用现在分词wanting ________
to be lifted
their
a
rarely
wanting
【考场技法】
技法1 提示词为动词
句中缺少谓语动词 考虑使用谓语动词的相关形式,考虑动词的时态、语态,并注意人称的单复数变化
句中已有谓语动词,且有连词表示平行的逻辑关系 考虑使用谓语动词的相关形式,考虑动词的时态、语态,并注意人称的单复数变化
句中已有谓语动词,又排除是并列谓语的可能性 空白处的动词要用非谓语形式。如真题第57题,句中have to decide为谓语,故用非谓语形式,再根据逻辑关系,本题用动词不定式。而第59题则使用动词的过去分词形式作定语
排除了使用谓语或非谓语的可能性 可能属于词类转换,根据语境和语法线索确定相关形式
技法2 词性、词义转换(名词、动词、形容词、副词或代词)
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子 用副词形式作状语。如真题第64题,所给词rare是形容词,在句中修饰形容词,故用副词形式rarely
提示词是形容词或副词 考虑其比较级或最高级形式
句子缺少表语、定语或补语 考虑使用形容词形式
在冠词、形容词性物主代词之后,或“冠词+形容词”之后所使用的名词形式 考虑其单复数情况
提示词是名词 根据修饰和所属关系,可以考虑其形容词或所有格形式,如第56题,所给名词与后面的名词是修饰关系,故用其形容词形式tasty
不存在词类转换 可能属于词义转换题,主要考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词形式
