七选五之段首句
【考点分析】
考点1 段落标题 其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同。选项应短小精悍,多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使句
考点2 段落主题 如章首或段首设空,一般考查文章或段落主题
考点3 段落过渡 如首段之后的段首设空,一般是考查承上启下的过渡语句
【真题示例】
【考点1】段落标题
【典例示例】 (2023·全国甲卷·节选)
·__39__
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.You should learn to say to yourself, “This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable.” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A.Find your causes
B.Start with small tasks
C.Accept the uncomfortable
D.All this adds up to a state of hurry
E.It can also help us practice more patience
F.This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G.They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【解答策略】
·第一步 确定本题考查对段落小标题的选择。根据文章结构可知,设空处的内容是作者给出的如何做一个有耐心的人的建议之一,是文章第五段的小标题。
·第二步 厘清下文段落中的主题思想,根据段落中的So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.可知,本段的话题是“舒适区”,再联系最后一句可知,作者建议尽量接受可忍受的不舒适的情况。
·第三步 根据考点和原文相关语境可知,本段的段落主题是“接受不舒适的情况”。
试填答案:__C__
【考点2】段落主题
【典例示例】 (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·节选)
·__39__ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth.I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people.They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
A.Get out of your comfort zone.
B.Make career plans and set goals.
C.Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D.Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E.You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F.Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G.You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
【解答策略】
·第一步 确定本题的考点为考查段落主题句。
·第二步 分析设空处,位于段首,是本段的中心句。根据篇章结构可以推断出此处是一个祈使句。然后下文提到:寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品,并因此结识了一些最友好的人。由此可知,本段主要讲述的是分享自己的作品。
·第三步 根据考点和本段语境可知,在本段中作者建议“如果你感觉舒适的话,分享你的作品”。
试填答案:__D__
【考点3】段落过渡
【典例示例】 (2021·全国甲卷·节选)
You keep hearing about recycling, right But it doesn’t end with bottles, cans, and paper.Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources (资源) to make, and buying loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment.So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-
sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor __16__.It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes,score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A.Less people than that
B.Hold a clothing swap
C.If two people are competing
D.Just keep music playing throughout
E.Donate whatever clothes are left over
F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
【解答策略】
·第一步 确定本题考查段落过渡句。
·第二步 确定上下文意思。本题前句“So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor (那么, 该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的虽完好但可能你有点厌倦的衣服呢 )
·第三步 分析可知,本题前句提出问题, 后句指出这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里得到衣服并同时开派对的最好方法。
试填答案:__B__
【技巧归纳】
技巧1 把握形似, 确定段落标题句
段落 标题句 观察其他段落标题的句式结构
根据结构相同的原则,缩小选择范围
锁定短小精悍的选项,多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使句
技巧2 根据一致, 确定段落主题句
段落 主题句 根据段落一致性原则,查找同义词或其他相关的词,推断出主题句
锁定线索信号词,从选项中查找这些线索词的同义词、近义词或关联词
正确答案与空后一句在意思上紧密衔接,在内容上连贯且符合逻辑
技巧3 瞻前顾后, 确定段落过渡句
段落 过渡句 研读上一段的内容,尤其是上一段结尾的内容
结合本段内容,使所选答案在内容和逻辑上都能够把两段无缝衔接
【拓展演练】
1
In today’s fast-paced world, it can be challenging to prioritize our health. However, maintaining a healthy lifestyle is essential for a long and fulfilling life. 1 .A balanced diet and regular exercise matter:
A cornerstone of a healthy lifestyle is a balanced diet. Eating a variety of foods from all food groups ensures you get the necessary nutrients. Include plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats in your daily meals. Limit the intake of sugary and processed foods. 2 Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week. Activities like walking, swimming, or cycling can help maintain a healthy weight, strengthen your muscles, and improve your cardiovascular health. 3 :
Sleep is when our bodies repair and recharge. Aim for 7—9 hours of quality sleep each night. Lack of sleep can lead to a range of health issues, including impaired cognitive function and a weakened immune system. It should also be brought to your attention that chronic stress can negatively impact your health. Practice stress-reduction techniques such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, or yoga to keep stress levels in check.Avoid harmful habits and do regular check-ups:
4 . Quitting smoking and drinking in moderation can significantly improve your overall well-being. In the meantime, don’t neglect regular medical check-ups. They can help detect and prevent health issues early, when they are easier to manage.
In conclusion, adopting a healthy lifestyle is a lifelong commitment. 5 . Remember, your health is your most valuable asset (资产), so invest in it wisely.
A. A regular work-out enhances your immune system
B. Adequate sleep and stress management will help
C. Therefore, you should really do workouts regularly
D. In addition, physical activity is crucial for good health
E. Here are some key tips to help you stay on the path to wellness
F. Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are bad for your health
G. By making small, sustainable changes, you can improve yourself steadily
2
Over the past few decades, technology has advanced at an unprecedented rate, revolutionizing industries and shaping new ways of life. 6
According to the International Telecommunication Union, a key advocate of technological advancement, the rapid growth of technology has significantly improved the quality of life in numerous communities. It cites studies that show the integration of technology into daily lives has led to increased efficiency, more access to information, and even progress in healthcare in numerous regions. 7
Those who embrace technological progress argue that it creates new opportunities for individuals and businesses alike. For instance, farmers in remote areas can now access real-time market information and weather updates through smartphones, enabling them to make more informed decisions about their crops. Additionally, small businesses can expand their reach globally through online platforms. 8 They argue that while technology may bring benefits to some, it often expands the difference between the technologically informed and the digitally excluded. Studies conducted by organizations like the United Nations Development Programme reveal that many individuals, particularly those in developing regions or with limited resources, lag behind in accessing and utilizing technological advancements. 9
Furthermore, critics fear that the unchecked growth of technology may have negative impacts on society and the environment. For example, the rise of social media and the internet has led to an increase in cyberbullying, privacy concerns, and the spread of misinformation. Moreover, the overuse of technology may contribute to do-nothing lifestyles and other health issues.
One thing is certain about technological progress—it is an inevitable trend. The rapid pace of innovation and the widespread availability of technology make it impossible to turn back. 10
A. But how can we take control of technology to our advantage
B. The question arises: Is technological progress beneficial for all
C. This digital divide can lead to increased social and economic gaps.
D. However, critics of technological advancement hold a different view.
E. These advancements have been particularly evident in rural and underserved areas.
F. It ensures that the benefits of technological progress are shared equally across society.
G. The challenge now is finding ways to command the power of technology to benefit all.
3
Tips on how to be a good roommate
It can be a wonderful and satisfying experience to have roommates to share a home with. Living with others can often help you develop close relationships and learn some life skills along the way. But being a good roommate is more than just making your rent payments on time. 11 . Here are some tips on how to be a good roommate.
12
Any effective roommate relationship is built on respect. Just like in any other healthy relationship, roommates need to appreciate and respect one another’s boundaries and personal space. But since at least initially roommates are total strangers, it is worthwhile to spend some time talking about and deciding on ground rules for noise levels, cleaning tasks, and shared resources.
Communicate honestly
13 . Create an open-door policy where roommates can feel free to voice their worries, expectations, and feedback. Hold house meetings on a regular basis where all important information is shared and addressed. This helps to make sure that no problem will fall between the cracks and go unattended.
Keep things clean and organized
Nothing is more important than keeping your shared spaces clean and organized. Take the time to clean up after yourself and respect each other’s standards of cleanliness. Keep shared areas like bathrooms and kitchens clean. 14 .
Be considerate of your roommate’s needs
Being considerate of your roommate’s schedule, preferences, and routines is part of living with them. It is wise to be mindful of noise levels, especially when one roommate is working or sleeping. 15 . For example, you can offer to pick up groceries or help with chores around the house.
A. Practice respect
B. Establish some basic rules
C. A supportive living environment is created by small things
D. Living with other people is bound to lead to disagreements
E. To resolve any concerns that may develop, effective communication is essential
F. It means creating a peaceful living environment with respect and understanding
G. And have clear definitions as to where the boundaries are for your personal and shared space
4
The storms in our lives often leave behind gifts if we open our eyes to see them. As the skies clear and you start to emerge from the loss, look for the silver linings. 16
Going through difficulties requires courage and determination. You have to dig deep and find the strength you didn’t know you possessed to overcome the challenges. 17 That self-knowledge and confidence in your abilities will serve you well going forward.
Coming out the other side of trouble sometimes gives you a fresh outlook. Priorities shift. 18 You have a deeper appreciation for life’s simple moments and clarity about what matters. Use that insight to guide your choices and cherish each day. 19 The old way of doing things no longer works, so you must rebuild and reimagine your life. Though change is hard, it opens up possibilities for new growth and exciting adventures. Look at this as a chance for a fresh start. You can pursue new dreams or make along-wished-for switch in your situation. The future is unwritten.
Your struggles and pain have given you understanding for what others maybe going through in their own lives. You now recognize the suffering of people around you and desire to help ease their burdens. Use your experience to be there for friends and family members facing difficulties. 20 Your sympathy can make a real difference.
A. Dramatic changes often lead to transformation.
B. They’re there if you are bent on searching for them.
C. Offer a listening ear and share your story with them.
D. Storms shape us, but the silver linings make us suffer.
E. What seemed important before now pales in comparison.
F. Now you know you have the inner power to weather storms.
G. This new perspective removed previous doubt about yourself.
5
The Surprising Strength of “Weak” Social Ties
It’s long been known that a community of supportive relationships improves our quality of life and can even help us recover from illness. 21 . Regularly interacting with a wide variety of social ties, both “weak” and “strong”, enhances our satisfaction. A rich diversity of ties provides more significant benefits to well-being, and “weak” social ties can prove just as important to life satisfaction as core, or “strong” ties. 22 . There you can find the people who cheer, serve, support, comfort, educate, motivate, and entertain you.
Claire gets cheered up by going to the library and chatting with her favorite librarian every week. Sherry gets great joy from her Sunday breakfasts at a local diner because the manager and her favorite waitress are nice to her. 23 . I remember discussing Anna Karenina on an airplane with a wise economics professor, and finding meaningful moments of joy with street musicians and performers.
24 . When you show kindness to a stranger, your seemingly small act might stay in their memory as a source of support and positivity. Everyone needs to feel significant in the eyes of another. You could be that person for someone in your extended circle. That’s why it’s so important to reach out to people around you, especially when they’re going through hard times.
When we feel blue or lonely, we tend to turn down social engagements, either to avoid the imagined embarrassment of being the only sad person in a group or because socializing with people we don’t know well can be awkward at first. 25 . Being open to both our strong and weak ties allows us to benefit from the comfort, connection, and community they provide.
A. All of those connections matter — and so do you
B. Harvard researcher Hanne Collins discovered something new
C. Even those we meet only once can leave a lasting impression
D. Our shared kindness and familiarity offer me a sense of community
E. Interacting with the weak ties encourages us to behave more professionally
F. But saying yes, despite the hesitation, offers an opportunity to feel less lonely
G. So notice, pay attention to, and be grateful for your big, wide world of loose social ties
6
We try to escape from the hurt and pain by pretending it doesn’t exist, but although we can try this as we want, in the end, we can’t hide from ourselves. 26 The items listed below are four ways you can open your heart more fully and completely.
Breathe into pain
Whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to embrace it instead of running away or trying to mask the hurt. 27 When we run away from sadness that’s unfolding in our lives, it will get stronger and more real.
Ask your heart what it wants
We’re often confused at the next step to take, making pros and cons lists until our eyes bleed and our brains are sore. Instead of always taking this approach, what if we take a few deep breaths then ask, “Heart, what decision should I make here What action feels the most right ” 28
Accept your shadow
Many of us who are on the personal development path get caught up in embracing characteristics we want to have, like happiness, compassion, love, and passion. In this process we end up losing parts of ourselves that make us whole. Try asking yourself a question: 29 Once you’re a little clearer about what exactly you’ve been hiding from yourself, it will get easier to shine your light on it.
Get outside of yourself
After you’ve explored the depths of yourself, you come away with a new understanding. Now, it’s time to share that— not through telling others, but through being with others. Lose yourself in the beauty of others; see what they can teach you about yourself.
30 Take one at a time, determine which works best for you, and see what you can discover.
A. What else can I do to improve myself
B. Is there anything I’m hiding from myself
C. Trying to escape is a good way to protect ourselves.
D. See what comes up, then engage and evaluate the outcome.
E. When sadness strikes, take a deep breath and lean into it.
F. Remember, there’s no need to do every one of these at the same time.
G. We need to learn to open our hearts to the potentials of life and let the world soften us.
7
For most of history, people lived in small groups of up to 150 people. Then villages and small towns developed, offering safety and support through the sharing of resources. As time passed, urban living brought additional advantages such as better jobs, schools and healthcare. Larger towns also gave people more chances to meet and interact. This is important. 31
Today, over half of the world’s population currently lives in towns and cities. But this has resulted in a strange paradox (悖论). Although social opportunities are one reason people choose to live in large cities, research suggests that city life can be lonely. 32 People from all over the world can join online communities and make virtual friends without leaving their home.
The development of virtual communities can be traced back to the 1860s. Back then, telegraph operators exchanged messages and gradually formed friendships over long distances. 33
Later, in the 1960s, radios started to provide a means of short-distance communication and developed communities with their own unique language and usernames.
34 Computers were not very powerful yet, so people could post messages and share news and stories but not music or photos. Still, people loved being able to make friends online and then hang out with them. As technology became more powerful, online communities for fun, education and business emerged, where people could explore a virtual 3D world, have online lessons, and even buy things with virtual money.
These days, there are thousands of virtual communities and that number keeps growing. Many people believe they will become more important. 35 Particularly, they’re concerned that posting personal information online might lead to a loss of privacy. So perhaps the future will be more like the past. People will spend most of their time in real communities.
A. This trend, however, is not likely to continue.
B. As Aristotle said, the nature of humans is to be social.
C. That may explain why virtual communities are so popular.
D. The first popular online communities developed in the 1980s.
E. Before cell phones existed, radio was an easy way to communicate.
F. Nevertheless, others worry about problems with these communities.
G. This is among the earliest examples of virtual community interactions.
8
The holidays can be a divisive season. Because the holidays are full of merriness, some love them. Others can feel troubled by them, affected by the financial pressure and family gatherings often accompanying the holidays. 36 So, what can you do if you’re feeling like that Roll your sleeves up. We’re going to get real, make a plan and enjoy the holiday atmosphere.
37 This may be obvious for many— you may feel triggered owing to the stress of social events or gift-giving. But others may have a harder time detecting what is going on.
Begin tracking how you’re feeling on the day-to-day life. You can keep a journal or take a brief walk where you can reflect at the end of your day. Doing this lets you see a pattern of what may be activating your negative feelings.
After getting your triggers written down, let’s make a plan. If it is money fueling the discomfort, let’s strategize how you can cut down the financial expectations. You can select a thoughtful low-cost decoration or a bunch of flowers. 38 Don’t be afraid to let them know your financial condition. If holiday gatherings are extremely stressful, it is time to see how this can shift. Avoiding holiday gatherings altogether isn’t possible for most. However, you can consider an excuse that can serve as a reason to leave early. 39
Rethink how to love yourself rather than care for others too much. If you have to be with someone, are you at risk of yourself because of arguments or conflicts 40 Minimizing the time you spend with them is a wise choice.
A. Keep track of your daily actions.
B. It will help you get through the tense situation.
C. Hosting a gathering can be another costly issue.
D. Feeling joyless during the holidays can be really awful.
E. You can also offer meaningful time spent with loved ones.
F. The truth is that it is hard to engage with people who hurt you.
G. Let’s begin by identifying what is causing you the intense anxiety.
9
Waking up at the crack of dawn and going for a run might feel awful when you start trying to make it a habit. Weaving a significant new activity such as this into your regular routine obviously takes determination and time. 41
One popular idea suggests that it takes 21 days to solidify a habit. People tend to feel extra motivated to start a new habit or kick an old one. 42 Yet every January 21 very few people can boast that they have kept their resolutions.
Everyone has a unique habit-building timeline. 43 Experts suggest various individualized ways to practice frequently, which eventually turn a task into an unconscious habit.
44 Teaching yourself a completely new skill or process obviously takes longer than remembering to drink more water in the morning. A 2015 study found that new gym-goers had to exercise at least four times a week for six weeks in order to develop an exercise habit. The results showed that creating a handwashing habit took a few weeks. 45 Anyway, handwashing is less complex and offers more opportunities to practice.
The researchers also suggested that habit formation depends on the effort that a person puts into practicing an activity and on the presence of environmental cues that would remind them to carry out the behavior.
A. The type of activity is also a factor.
B. The strategies of activity impact the way.
C. People want to form a habit of exercising regularly.
D. But how much time is really needed to make that habit stick
E. It might sound easily reachable to make a resolution on New Year’s Day.
F. By comparison, it took half a year for people to develop an exercise habit.
G. However long it is for any individual, repetition is the key to making it work.
10
How many times have you checked your tickets, money and passport before you set off Well, maybe add a note about food hygiene (卫生), too, as there are lots of food-borne hazards (危害) to be mindful of when you travel.
Taking precautions doesn’t mean ignoring local food, culture and customs. 46 Food- and water-related illnesses can vary from a touch of mild traveller’s stomach to more serious infections. 47 You need to check up on the destinations to see if there are any common food-related issues you need to know about.
In countries with doubtful water quality, avoid ice and — if you have no other option—drink only unopened bottled water. Better still, take a reusable filtered (过滤) water bottle so that you can drink the local water safely and not add to the mountain of single-use plastic waste. 48 Avoid any raw meat, fish, shellfish or eggs if you have any doubts, including under-cooked foods or rare-cooked meats. When eating fruits and vegetables, they need to be thoroughly cooked, and avoid salads that may be washed with polluted water. 49
If you’re being offered buffet food or shared plates, think about how long that food has been sitting in the heat. It doesn’t take long at all for bacteria to multiply at alarming rates on food, so where possible, choose refrigerated dishes or food that is piping hot.
50 If the thought crosses your mind about whether something is safe to consume, it’s wise to assume it isn’t.
A. Avoiding them is all in the planning.
B. My guiding principle is: if in doubt, leave it out.
C. Wash your hands even more frequently than normal.
D. Don’t drink straight from fountains, hotel room taps, or streams.
E. Raw fruits with thick peels are okay if you prepare them yourself.
F. Trying local food is joyful, but it pays to know which dishes to avoid.
G. Instead, it means you can get enjoyment with minimum risk while travelling.
参考答案
1
1. E 2. D 3. B 4. F 5. G
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了如何在繁忙的工作和生活中保持健康以及选择健康的生活方式的三条建议。
1. 根据上文“However, maintaining a healthy lifestyle is essential for a long and fulfilling life.”（然而，保持健康的生活方式对于长寿和充实的生活是必不可少的）以及下文的建议可知，选项总起下文，引出下文的建议。故E选项“这里有一些关键的建议，可以帮助你保持健康”切题。故选E项。
2. 根据下文“Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week.”（目标是每周至少进行150分钟中等强度的锻炼）可知，空处说的是锻炼很重要。故D选项“此外，体育活动对身体健康至关重要”切题。故选D项。
3. 根据下文“Sleep is when our bodies repair and recharge. Aim for 7—9 hours of quality sleep each night. Lack of sleep can lead to a range of health issues, including impaired cognitive function and a weakened immune system. It should also be brought to your attention that chronic stress can negatively impact your health. Practice stress-reduction techniques such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, or yoga to keep stress levels in check.”（睡眠是我们身体修复和充电的时候。每晚保证7-9小时的高质量睡眠。睡眠不足会导致一系列健康问题，包括认知功能受损和免疫系统减弱。你还应该注意到，长期的压力会对你的健康产生负面影响。练习减压技巧，如冥想、深呼吸练习或瑜伽，以控制压力水平）可知，本段的主旨是关于睡眠和压力。故B选项“充足的睡眠和压力管理会有所帮助”切题。故选B项。
4. 根据下文“Quitting smoking and drinking in moderation can significantly improve your overall well-being.”（戒烟和适度饮酒可以显著改善你的整体健康状况）可知，吸烟和过度饮酒对身体有害。故F选项“吸烟和过度饮酒对你的健康有害”切题。故选F项。
5. 根据上文“In conclusion, adopting a healthy lifestyle is a lifelong commitment.”（总之，采取健康的生活方式是一个终身的承诺）可知，选项承接上文说明总结说明小的改变带来大的影响。故G选项“通过做一些小的、持续的改变，你可以稳步地提高自己的健康”。故选G项。
2
6. B 7. E 8. D 9. C 10. G
【解析】本文属于议论文。文章主要探讨科技进步对社会的影响。科技进步虽带来诸多好处，但也存在负面影响。文章传递的价值和意义在于提醒人们要理性看待科技进步，努力缩小数字鸿沟，让科技更好地造福人类。
6. 设空位于首段段尾，应是引出下文，根据后文“Those who embrace technological progress argue that it creates new opportunities for individuals and businesses alike.(那些拥护技术进步的人认为，它为个人和企业都创造了新的机会)”以及“Furthermore, critics fear that the unchecked growth of technology may have negative impacts on society and the environment.(此外，批评者担心技术的无限制发展可能会对社会和环境产生负面影响)”可知，本文主要探讨科技进步对社会的影响，在根据前文“Over the past few decades, technology has advanced at an unprecedented rate, revolutionizing industries and shaping new ways of life.(在过去的几十年里，技术以前所未有的速度发展，彻底改变了工业，塑造了新的生活方式)”可知，B项“The question arises: Is technological progress beneficial for all (问题来了：技术进步对所有人都有利吗 )”承接上文，并引出下文，符合文意。故选B项。
7. 根据前文“According to the International Telecommunication Union, a key advocate of technological advancement, the rapid growth of technology has significantly improved the quality of life in numerous communities. It cites studies that show the integration of technology into daily lives has led to increased efficiency, more access to information, and even progress in healthcare in numerous regions.(国际电信联盟是技术进步的主要倡导者，根据该联盟的说法，技术的快速发展显著提高了许多社区的生活质量。报告援引的研究表明，在许多地区，技术融入日常生活提高了效率，增加了获取信息的渠道，甚至在医疗保健方面取得了进步)”可知，技术进步显著提高了许多社区的生活质量，有很多技术进步带来的好处，所以E项“These advancements have been particularly evident in rural and underserved areas.(这些进步在农村和服务不足地区尤为明显)”与前文提到的研究结果相契合，符合文意。故选E项。
8. 根据前文“Those who embrace technological progress argue that it creates new opportunities for individuals and businesses alike. For instance, farmers in remote areas can now access real-time market information and weather updates through smartphones, enabling them to make more informed decisions about their crops. Additionally, small businesses can expand their reach globally through online platforms.(那些拥护技术进步的人认为，它为个人和企业都创造了新的机会。例如，偏远地区的农民现在可以通过智能手机获取实时市场信息和天气更新，使他们能够对自己的作物做出更明智的决定。此外，小企业可以通过在线平台扩大其全球影响力)”以及后文“They argue that while technology may bring benefits to some, it often expands the difference between the technologically informed and the digitally excluded.(他们认为，虽然技术可能给一些人带来好处，但它往往扩大了掌握技术的人和被数字技术排斥的人之间的差距)”可知，前文提到那些拥抱技术进步的人认为它给个人和企业带来了新的机会，但后文却提到批评者认为技术进步虽然可能给一些人带来好处，但往往扩大了技术知情者和数字排斥者之间的差距，前后是转折关系，所以D项“However, critics of technological advancement hold a different view.(然而，技术进步的批评者持有不同的观点)”和前文构成转折关系，并引出下文。故选D项。
9. 设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“They argue that while technology may bring benefits to some, it often expands the difference between the technologically informed and the digitally excluded. Studies conducted by organizations like the United Nations Development Programme reveal that many individuals, particularly those in developing regions or with limited resources, lag behind in accessing and utilizing technological advancements.(他们认为，虽然技术可能给一些人带来好处，但它往往扩大了掌握技术的人和被数字技术排斥的人之间的差距。联合国开发计划署等组织进行的研究表明，许多人，特别是发展中地区或资源有限的人，在获取和利用技术进步方面落后)”可知，前文提到了技术进步会导致生活在发展中地区或资源有限的人，在获取和利用技术进步方面落后，所以C项“This digital divide can lead to increased social and economic gaps.(这种数字鸿沟可能导致社会和经济差距的扩大)”是对前文坏处的总结，符合文意。故选C项。
10. 设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“One thing is certain about technological progress—it is an inevitable trend. The rapid pace of innovation and the widespread availability of technology make it impossible to turn back.(关于技术进步，有一点是肯定的——它是一个不可避免的趋势。创新的快速步伐和技术的广泛可用性使其不可能倒退)”可知，作者指出，技术进步是不可避免的，所以G项“The challenge now is finding ways to command the power of technology to benefit all.(现在的挑战是找到方法来控制技术的力量，使所有人受益)”承接上文，点出主题，符合语境。故选G项。
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11. F 12. A 13. E 14. G 15. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何成为一个好室友提出建议。
11. 根据上文中“more than just making your rent payments on time.(不仅仅是按时交房租。)”可推知，下文设空处将介绍成为一个好室友的其它标准，F项“It means creating a peaceful living environment with respect and understanding(它意味着创造一个充满尊重和理解的和平生活环境)”承接上文，说明一个好室友还需要创造充满尊重和理解的和平生活环境，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
12. 设空句是段首小标题。根据下文“Any effective roommate relationship is built on respect. Just like in any other healthy relationship, roommates need to appreciate and respect one another’s boundaries and personal space. But since at least initially roommates are total strangers, it is worthwhile to spend some time talking about and deciding on ground rules for noise levels, cleaning tasks, and shared resources.(任何有效的室友关系都是建立在尊重的基础上的。就像其他健康的关系一样，室友需要欣赏和尊重彼此的界限和个人空间。但由于室友们至少一开始是完全陌生的，所以花点时间讨论并决定噪音水平、清洁任务和共享资源的基本规则是值得的。)”可知，本段建议室友之间要相互尊重。故A项“Practice respect(养成尊重的习惯)”是本段主题最佳概括，且符合小标题是祈使句的特征。故选A项。
13. 下文“Create an open-door policy where roommates can feel free to voice their worries, expectations, and feedback. Hold house meetings on a regular basis where all important information is shared and addressed. This helps to make sure that no problem will fall between the cracks and go unattended.(制定一个开放的政策，让室友可以自由地表达他们的担忧、期望和反馈。定期召开寝室会议，分享和处理所有重要的信息。这有助于确保任何问题都不会被遗漏或忽视。)”就建立与室友沟通的制度给出具体建议，是对E项“To resolve any concerns that may develop, effective communication is essential(为了解决可能出现的任何问题，有效的沟通是必不可少的)”中“effective communication”的阐述，即要进行有效的沟通，需要制定开放的政策和定期召开寝室会议，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
14. 根据上文“Nothing is more important than keeping your shared spaces clean and organized. Take the time to clean up after yourself and respect each other’s standards of cleanliness. Keep shared areas like bathrooms and kitchens clean. (没有什么比保持你的共享空间整洁更重要的了。花点时间打扫自己的卫生，尊重对方的清洁标准。保持浴室和厨房等公共区域的清洁。)”详细介绍如何保持共享空间的整洁，G项“And have clear definitions as to where the boundaries are for your personal and shared space(对个人空间和共享空间的界限有明确的定义)”承接上文，进一步提出要明确共享空间和个人空间的界限。故选G项。
15. 下文“pick up groceries(拿杂货)”和“help with chores(帮忙做家务)”是对C项“A supportive living environment is created by small things(一个支持性的生活环境是由小事创造的)”中“small things”的举例说明，小事可以营造相互支持的环境，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
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16. B 17. F 18. E 19. A 20. C
【解析】本文为一篇议论文，论述了面对困难，应对挑战时我们应该怎么做。
16. 空前“The storms in our lives often leave behind gifts if we open our eyes to see them. As the skies clear and you start to emerge from the loss, look for the silver linings.(如果我们睁开眼睛去看，生活中的风暴往往会留下礼物。当天空晴朗，你开始从失落中走出来，寻找一线希望)”表示生活中风暴会给我们留下礼物，失落中能找到一线希望，B选项“如果你执意要寻找，它们就在那里”表示如果想要找到一线希望，就能找到，该选项中them指代前文的the silver linings。故选B。
17. 空前“You have to dig deep and find the strength you didn’t know you possessed to overcome the challenges.(你必须深入挖掘，找到你不知道自己拥有的力量来克服挑战)”表示我们应该深入挖掘自己不知道的拥有的力量来克服挑战，F选项“现在你知道你有战胜风暴的内在力量”为深入挖掘后知道自己有这种克服挑战的力量，且后文中That self-knowledge and confidence in your abilities与本句中the inner power相互呼应。故选F。
18. 空前“Coming out the other side of trouble sometimes gives you a fresh outlook. Priorities shift.(从麻烦的另一面出来有时会给你一个全新的视角。重点的转变)”表示应注意重点的转变，后文“You have a deeper appreciation for life’s simple moments and clarity about what matters.(你对生活中简单的时刻有了更深的欣赏，对什么是重要的有了清晰的认识)”表明认识更胜一层，E选项“以前看来重要的东西，现在相比之下就相形见绌了”为前文讲到重点的转变的具体内容，且引出转变后对于理解的升级，符合语境。故选E。
19. 空后“The old way of doing things no longer works, so you must rebuild and re imagine your life. Though change is hard, it opens up possibilities for new growth and exciting adventures. Look at this as a chance for a fresh start.(旧的做事方式不再有效，所以你必须重建和重新想象你的生活。虽然改变很难，但它为新的成长和令人兴奋的冒险提供了可能性。把这当成一个重新开始的机会)”可知，空处应表示改变的益处，引出下文，A选项“剧烈的变化往往会导致转变”符合语境。故选A。
20. 空前“You now recognize the suffering of people around you and desire to help ease their burdens. Use your experience to be there for friends and family members facing difficulties.(你现在认识到你周围人的痛苦，并渴望帮助他们减轻负担。利用你的经验帮助你的朋友和家人面对困难)”表明利用自己的经验帮助周围的人面对困难，C选项“提供一个倾听的耳朵，和他们分享你的故事”为具体的方法。故选C。
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21. B 22. G 23. C 24. A 25. F
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“弱”社会关系的惊人的力量。
21. 根据空前“It’s long been known that a community of supportive relationships improves our quality of life and can even help us recover from illness.(人们早就知道，一个有着支持关系的社区能提高我们的生活质量，甚至可以帮助我们从疾病中恢复过来。)”和空后“Regularly interacting with a wide variety of social ties, both “weak” and “strong”, enhances our satisfaction.(经常与各种各样的社会关系互动，包括“弱”和“强”的关系，能提高我们的满意度。)”可知，空前是说明的有着支持关系的社区能提高我们的生活质量的道理是人们很早就知道的，而空后不论强或弱的社会关系，都能提高我们的满意度是一种新的理论，故B项“哈佛的研究者Hanne Collins发现了一些新的东西”符合，引出后文的新理论，故选B项。
22. 根据空前“A rich diversity of ties provides more significant benefits to well-being, and “weak” social ties can prove just as important to life satisfaction as core, or “strong” ties.(丰富多样的关系为幸福感提供了更显著的好处，而“弱”的社会关系对生活满意度的重要性与核心的或“强”的关系一样重要。)”可知，空前提到了“弱”的社会关系与“强”的社会关系同等重要，故G项“因此，请关注并感激你广阔而松散的社会关系世界。”符合，与空前构成因果关系，“弱”的社会关系很重要，因此要关注并感激你那松散的社会关系，故选G项。
23. 根据空后“I remember discussing Anna Karenina on an airplane with a wise economics professor, and finding meaningful moments of joy with street musicians and performers.(我记得在飞机上与一位睿智的经济学教授讨论Anna Karenina，并与街头音乐家和表演家一起寻找有意义的欢乐时刻。)”可知，空后提出了作者与经济学家和街头音乐家、表演家见一次面的经历，故C项“甚至那些我们只见过一面的人也能给我们留下长久的印象。”符合，引出后文只见过一面的经济学家和街头音乐家、表演家，故选C项。
24. 根据空后“When you show kindness to a stranger, your seemingly small act might stay in their memory as a source of support and positivity. Everyone needs to feel significant in the eyes of another. You could be that person for someone in your extended circle.(当你对一个陌生人表现出善意时，你看似微不足道的行为可能会作为支持和积极的源泉，留在他们的记忆里。每个人都需要在别人眼中感到重要。你可以成为你圈子里某个人的那个人。)”可知，空后提出了这些关系的重要性，对别人可以作为支持和积极的源泉，从而留在他们的记忆里，故A项“所有这些关系都很重要——你也是如此。”符合，这些关系很重要，当你对陌生人表现出善意时，可以作为他们记忆里支持和积极的源泉，故选A项。
25. 根据空前“When we feel blue or lonely, we tend to turn down social engagements, either to avoid the imagined embarrassment of being the only sad person in a group or because socializing with people we don’t know well can be awkward at first.(当我们感到沮丧或孤独时，我们往往会拒绝社交活动，要么是为了避免成为一个群体中唯一悲伤的人的尴尬，要么是因为与不熟悉的人的社交带来的尴尬。)”和空后“Being open to both our strong and weak ties allows us to benefit from the comfort, connection, and community they provide.(对我们强关系和弱关系持开放态度，可以让我们从他们提供的舒适感、联系和社区中受益。)”可知，空前提到当我们感到沮丧或孤独时，我们会拒绝社交活动，从而来避免尴尬；空后则提出了对强关系和弱关系持开放态度，故F项“尽管会犹豫，但说“是”能提供一个减少孤独感的机会。”符合，与空前构成转成关系，我们心情不好时，会避免社交，但接受社交能减少孤独的机会，故选F项。
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26. G 27. E 28. D 29. B 30. F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是四种让你更充分、更彻底地敞开心扉来迎接伤害和痛苦的方法。
26. 根据空前的“We try to escape from the hurt and pain by pretending it doesn’t exist, but although we can try this as we want, in the end, we can’t hide from ourselves. (我们试图通过假装它不存在来逃避伤害和痛苦，但是尽管我们可以随心所欲地尝试，但最终，我们无法逃避自己。)”可知，无论我们选择什么方法选择逃避伤害和痛苦，最终都无法逃避自己，结合空后的“The items listed below are four ways you can open your heart more fully and completely. (下面列出的四种方法可以让你更充分、更彻底地敞开心扉。)”可知，下文介绍的是四种可以彻底敞开心扉的方法，由此可知，此空应起到承上启下的作用，G选项“We need to learn to open our hearts to the potentials of life and let the world soften us. (我们需要学会敞开心扉，迎接生活的潜力，让世界软化我们。)”讲述的内容承接了上文“我们无论如何逃避最终都逃避不了自己”的观点，进一步阐述应该如何面对伤害和痛苦，同时，引出下文中的“敞开心扉”面对伤害和痛苦的方法，符合语境。故选G项。
27. 根据空前的“Whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to embrace it instead of running away or trying to mask the hurt. (当生活中出现痛苦的情况时，试着去拥抱它，而不是逃避或试图掩盖伤害。)”可知，要试着去拥抱生活中的痛苦而不是选择逃避，结合空后的“When we run away from sadness that’s unfolding in our lives, it will get stronger and more real. (当我们逃避生活中的悲伤时，悲伤会变得更强烈、更真实。)”可知，此处讲述了选择逃避悲伤的后果，由此可知，此空讲述的应与处理悲伤的方式相关，E选项“When sadness strikes, take a deep breath and lean into it. (当悲伤袭来时，深吸一口气，全身心地投入其中。)”讲述的内容承接了空前提出的遇到悲伤应采取的措施，且其中的sadness与空后讲述的内容吻合。故选E项。
28. 根据空前的“Instead of always taking this approach, what if we take a few deep breaths then ask, “Heart, what decision should I make here What action feels the most right ” (与其总是采用这种方法，不如我们做几次深呼吸，然后问自己：“心啊，我在这里应该做什么决定 ”什么样的行动感觉最正确 ”)”可知，建议选择问问本心应该接下来做什么决定，什么样的行动感觉最正确，让自己去面对本心，D选项“See what comes up, then engage and evaluate the outcome. (看看会发生什么，然后参与并评估结果。)”承接了空前提问的问题，建议看看接下来会发生什么，然后进一步采取措施，符合语境。故选D项。
29. 根据空前的“Try asking yourself a question: (试着问自己一个问题：)”可知，此处建议问自己一个问题，由此可知，此空应为疑问句，结合空后的“Once you’re a little clearer about what exactly you’ve been hiding from yourself, it will get easier to shine your light on it. (一旦你更清楚地知道你对自己隐瞒了什么，你就能更容易地揭露真相。)”可知，知道自己要隐瞒什么，就更容易知道真相是什么，由此可知，此处询问的问题应该与“隐藏问题”相关，B选项“Is there anything I’m hiding from myself (我是否对自己隐瞒了什么 )”为疑问句，且讲述的内容与空后的内容一致，符合语境。故选B项。
30. 分析语篇结构可知，此空应是对本文进行总结，结合空后的“Take one at a time, determine which works best for you, and see what you can discover. (一次采取一种方法，决定哪一个最适合你，看看你能发现什么。)”可知，提醒读者一次采取一种方法，选择最适合自己的，由此可知，此空处应是对读者的提醒，F选项“Remember, there’s no need to do every one of these at the same time. (记住，没有必要同时做所有这些事情。)”对本文进行总结，且“没必要做所有这些事情”与空后 “一次采取一种方法” 的内容一致，符合语境。故选F项。
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31. B 32. C 33. G 34. D 35. F
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述城市生活可能是孤独的，因此虚拟社区很受欢迎，文章介绍了虚拟社区的发展历史。
31. 上文“Larger towns also gave people more chances to meet and interact. This is important.(较大的城镇也为人们提供了更多见面和互动的机会。这很重要)”提到，人们见面和互动更多，这很重要，B项“正如亚里士多德所说，人类的本性是社会性的”解释上一句“这很重要”的原因，故选B。
32. 上文“Although social opportunities are one reason people choose to live in large cities, research suggests that city life can be lonely.(尽管社交机会是人们选择住在大城市的原因之一，但研究表明，城市生活可能是孤独的)”提到，城市生活可能是孤独的，结合下文“People from all over the world can join online communities and make virtual friends without leaving their home.(来自世界各地的人们足不出户就可以加入在线社区，结交虚拟朋友)”提到人们结交虚拟朋友，C项“这也许可以解释为什么虚拟社区如此受欢迎”符合语境，因为城市生活孤独，所以人们热衷于虚拟社区，故选C。
33. 上文“The development of virtual communities can be traced back to the 1860s. Back then, telegraph operators exchanged messages and gradually formed friendships over long distances.(虚拟社区的发展可以追溯到19世纪60年代。当时，电报员交换信息，并逐渐建立起远距离的友谊)”提到虚拟社区的发展历史，G项“这是虚拟社区互动最早的例子之一”符合语境，故选G。
34. 结合本段中“Computers were not very powerful yet, so people could post messages and share news and stories but not music or photos.(电脑还不是很强大，所以人们可以发布消息，分享新闻和故事，但不能播放音乐或照片)”以及“As technology became more powerful, online communities for fun, education and business emerged(随着科技变得越来越强大，娱乐、教育和商业的在线社区出现了)”可知，本段是讲述在线社区的发展历史，D项“第一个流行的在线社区出现在20世纪80年代”符合语境，故选D。
35. 根据上文“Many people believe they will become more important.(许多人相信他们会变得更加重要)”和下文“Particularly, they’re concerned that posting personal information online might lead to a loss of privacy.(特别是，他们担心在网上发布个人信息可能会导致隐私的丧失)”可知，上下文是转折关系，F项“然而，其他人担心这些社区的问题”符合语境，故选F。
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36. D 37. G 38. E 39. B 40. F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是享受节日气氛，摆脱紧张的方法。
36. 上文“Others can feel troubled by them, affected by the financial pressure and family gatherings often accompanying the holidays.(另一些人则会因为经济压力和节日期间的家庭聚会而感到困扰。)”说明有一些人会因为经济压力和节日期间的家庭聚会而感到困扰，空后“So, what can you do if you’re feeling like that Roll your sleeves up. We’re going to get real, make a plan and enjoy the holiday atmosphere.(那么，如果你有这种感觉，你能做些什么呢？把袖子卷起来。我们要现实一点，制定一个计划，享受节日的气氛。)”说明接下来要讲享受节日气氛的方法，因此空格处应该对空前感到困扰进行评论，D选项“Feeling joyless during the holidays can be really awful.(在假期里感到不快乐真的很糟糕。)”说明了在假期里感到不快乐很糟糕，是对前面的受到困扰进行的进一步的评论和描述，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选D。
37. 空格处是本段主旨句，由空后“This may be obvious for many— you may feel triggered owing to the stress of social events or gift-giving. But others may have a harder time detecting what is going on.(这对许多人来说可能是显而易见的——你可能会因为社交活动或送礼的压力而感到紧张。但其他人可能很难发现正在发生什么。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要知道自己为什么感到紧张，G选项“Let’s begin by identifying what is causing you the intense anxiety.(让我们从找出导致你强烈焦虑的原因开始。)”说明了要从找出导致焦虑的原因开始，概括了本段主旨，可作为主旨句，故选G。
38. 空前“If it is money fueling the discomfort, let’s strategize how you can cut down the financial expectations. You can select a thoughtful low-cost decoration or a bunch of flowers.(如果是金钱让你感到不舒服，那么让我们制定一个策略，让你如何降低财务预期。你可以选择一个体贴的低成本的装饰或一束花。)”提到了省钱的送礼物的方法，空格处也应该是关于送比较便宜的礼物的方法，E选项“You can also offer meaningful time spent with loved ones.(你也可以和你爱的人共度有意义的时光。)”提到了你可以陪伴爱的人，这也是一种礼物，而且很省钱，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
39. 空前“If holiday gatherings are extremely stressful, it is time to see how this can shift. Avoiding holiday gatherings altogether isn’t possible for most. However, you can consider an excuse that can serve as a reason to leave early.(如果假日聚会给你带来了极大的压力，那么是时候看看这种压力是如何改变的了。对大多数人来说，完全避免假日聚会是不可能的。然而，你可以考虑一个可以作为早退理由的借口。)”说明你可以找个借口早点离开聚会，空格处应该说这么做会有什么好处，B选项“It will help you get through the tense situation.(这会帮助你度过紧张的局面。)”说明了早点离开聚会的好处就是可以帮助度过紧张的局面，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
40. 空前“Rethink how to love yourself rather than care for others too much. If you have to be with someone, are you at risk of yourself because of arguments or conflicts (重新思考如何爱自己，而不是过多地在意别人。如果你必须和某人在一起，你是否会因为争吵或冲突而处于风险之中？)”说明了不要过多地在意别人，空后“Minimizing the time you spend with them is a wise choice.(尽量减少和他们在一起的时间是一个明智的选择。)”说明了要尽量减少和某些人在一起的时间，空格处应该交代这些人是什么人，肯定是那些对自己不好的人，F选项“The truth is that it is hard to engage with people who hurt you.(事实是，你很难与伤害过你的人交往。)”说明你很难和伤害你的人交往，和下文的“减少和他们在一起的时间”一致，故选F。
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41. D 42. E 43. G 44. A 45. F
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章探讨了养成一个新习惯需要多长时间以及影响习惯养成的因素。
41. 上文“Weaving a significant new activity such as this into your regular routine obviously takes determination and time.(将这样一项重要的新活动融入你的日常生活显然需要决心和时间)”提到养成一个新习惯需要时间，结合第二段中“One popular idea suggests that it takes 21 days to solidify a habit.(一个流行的观点认为，养成一个习惯需要21天)”可知，下文讲述养成新习惯需要21天，D项“但是养成这个习惯到底需要多长时间呢？”承上启下，符合语境，故选D。
42. 根据下文“Yet every January 21 very few people can boast that they have kept their resolutions.(然而，每年的1月21日，很少有人能自夸自己坚持了自己的新年决心)”可知，空处与下文是转折关系，此处是说新年决心看似容易，其实很难坚持， E项“在新年第一天下定决心听起来似乎很容易”符合语境，故选E。
43. 根据下文“Experts suggest various individualized ways to practice frequently, which eventually turn a task into an unconscious habit.(专家建议各种个性化的方法来频繁练习，最终将一项任务变成一种无意识的习惯)”可知，此处是说频繁练习对于养成习惯的重要性，G项“无论对任何个人来说有多长时间，重复都是成功的关键”符合语境，故选G。
44. 根据下文“Teaching yourself a completely new skill or process obviously takes longer than remembering to drink more water in the morning.(自学一项全新的技能或过程显然比记住早上多喝水要花更长的时间)”可知，本段是说活动类型影响新习惯的养成，A项“活动的类型也是一个因素”符合语境，故选A。
45. 根据上文“The results showed that creating a handwashing habit took a few weeks.(结果表明，养成洗手的习惯需要几周的时间)”和下文“Anyway, handwashing is less complex and offers more opportunities to practice.(不管怎样，洗手不那么复杂，而且提供了更多练习的机会)”可知，空处是提及另一个新习惯，和养成洗手的习惯作比较，F项“相比之下，人们需要半年的时间才能养成锻炼的习惯”符合语境，故选F。
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46. G 47. F 48. D 49. E 50. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕旅行中食品安全的问题进行说明，提供了一系列预防措施和建议，以帮助读者在旅行中避免食物和水相关的健康风险。
46. 根据空前“Taking precautions doesn’t mean ignoring local food, culture and customs. (采取预防措施并不意味着忽视当地的食物、文化和习俗。)”以及空后“Food-and water-related illnesses can vary from a touch of mild traveller’s stomach to more serious infections. (与食物和水有关的疾病可能从轻微的旅行者胃部感染到更严重的感染。)”可判断，空处需要一个转折词来连接上下文。选项G“Instead, it means you can get enjoyment with minimum risk while travelling.(相反，它意味着你可以在旅行中享受最少的风险)” 既与前文形成转折关系，又引出后文对旅行中食品安全问题的讨论。故选G。
47. 根据空后内容“You need to check up on the destinations to see if there are any common food-related issues you need to know about.(你需要检查一下目的地，看看是否有什么常见的与食物有关的问题，你需要知道。)”可知，我们需要看看目的地的常见的与食物有关的问题。选项F“Trying local food is joyful, but it pays to know which dishes to avoid.(尝试当地的食物是令人愉快的，但知道哪些菜要避免是值得的。)”与下文内容一致，指的是需要了解那些菜是需要避免的。故选F。
48. 根据空前“In countries with doubtful water quality, avoid ice and—if you have no other option—drink only unopened bottled water. Better still, take a reusable filtered (过滤) water bottle so that you can drink the local water safely and not add to the mountain of single-use plastic waste. (在水质可疑的国家，避免冰，如果你没有其他选择，只喝未开封的瓶装水。更好的是，带一个可重复使用的过滤水瓶，这样你就可以安全地喝当地的水，而不会增加堆积如山的一次性塑料垃圾。)”可判断，空处为一个关于如何获取安全饮用水的建议。选项D“Don’t drink straight from fountains, hotel room taps, or streams.(不要直接从喷泉、酒店房间水龙头或溪流中饮用)”是上文内容的自然延续，强调了选择安全的饮用水来源。故选D。
49. 根据空前内容“Avoid any raw meat, fish, shellfish or eggs if you have any doubts, including under-cooked foods or rare-cooked meats. When eating fruits and vegetables, they need to be thoroughly cooked, and avoid salads that may be washed with polluted water.(如果你对生肉、鱼、贝类或蛋类有疑问，请避免食用，包括未煮熟的食物或未煮熟的肉类。在吃水果和蔬菜时，它们需要彻底煮熟，避免沙拉可能用污染的水清洗。)”可知，上文强调了处理食物时需要注意的问题。选项E“Raw fruits with thick peels are okay if you prepare them yourself.(如果你自己准备，有厚皮的生水果是可以的。)”与上文内容一致，如果你自己准备，有厚皮的生水果是可以的。既符合前文对食物处理的注意，也给出了一种相对安全的选择。故选E。
50. 根据下文“If the thought crosses your mind about whether something is safe to consume, it’s wise to assume it isn’t.(如果你想知道某样东西是否安全，那么明智的做法是假设它不安全。)”可知，作者建议在不确定的情况下应该避免冒险。选项B“My guiding principle is: if in doubt, leave it out.(我的指导原则是：如果有疑问，就放弃)”与下文内容一致，指的是不确定是否安全的话，就放弃尝试。故选B。(共13张PPT)
七选五之段首句
【考点分析】
考点1 段落标题 其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同。选项应短小精悍,多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使句
考点2 段落主题 如章首或段首设空,一般考查文章或段落主题
考点3 段落过渡 如首段之后的段首设空,一般是考查承上启下的过渡语句
【真题示例】
【考点1】段落标题
【典例示例】 (2023·全国甲卷·节选)
·__39__
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.You should learn to say to yourself, “This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable.” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A.Find your causes
B.Start with small tasks
C.Accept the uncomfortable
D.All this adds up to a state of hurry
E.It can also help us practice more patience
F.This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G.They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【解题思维】
·第一步 确定本题考查对段落小标题的选择。根据文章结构可知,设空处的内容是作
者给出的如何做一个有耐心的人的建议之一,是文章第五段的小标题。
·第二步 厘清下文段落中的主题思想,根据段落中的So many of us have the belief that
being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something
outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.可知,本段的话题是
“舒适区”,再联系最后一句可知,作者建议尽量接受可忍受的不舒适的情况。
·第三步 根据考点和原文相关语境可知,本段的段落主题是“接受不舒适的情况”。
试填答案:_______
C
【考点2】段落主题
【典例示例】 (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·节选)
·__39__ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth.I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people.They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
A.Get out of your comfort zone.
B.Make career plans and set goals.
C.Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D.Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E.You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F.Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G.You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
【解题思维】
·第一步 确定本题的考点为考查段落主题句。
·第二步 分析设空处,位于段首,是本段的中心句。根据篇章结构可以推断出此处是一
个祈使句。然后下文提到:寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在
社交媒体上发布我的作品,并因此结识了一些最友好的人。由此可知,本段主要讲述的
是分享自己的作品。
·第三步 根据考点和本段语境可知,在本段中作者建议“如果你感觉舒适的话,分享你
的作品”。
试填答案:_______
D
【考点3】段落过渡
【典例示例】 (2021·全国甲卷·节选)
You keep hearing about recycling, right But it doesn’t end with bottles, cans, and paper.Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources (资源) to make, and buying loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment.So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor __16__.It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes,score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A.Less people than that
B.Hold a clothing swap
C.If two people are competing
D.Just keep music playing throughout
E.Donate whatever clothes are left over
F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
【解题思维】
·第一步 确定本题考查段落过渡句。
·第二步 确定上下文意思。本题前句“So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-
you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor (那么, 该如何处
理那些堆在卧室地板上的虽完好但可能你有点厌倦的衣服呢 )
·第三步 分析可知,本题前句提出问题, 后句指出这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里得到
衣服并同时开派对的最好方法。
试填答案:_______
B
【考场技法】
技法1 把握形似, 确定段落标题句
段落 标题句 观察其他段落标题的句式结构
根据结构相同的原则,缩小选择范围
锁定短小精悍的选项,多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使句
技法2 根据一致, 确定段落主题句
段落 主题句 根据段落一致性原则,查找同义词或其他相关的词,推断出主题句
锁定线索信号词,从选项中查找这些线索词的同义词、近义词或关联词
正确答案与空后一句在意思上紧密衔接,在内容上连贯且符合逻辑
技法3 瞻前顾后, 确定段落过渡句
段落 过渡句 研读上一段的内容,尤其是上一段结尾的内容
结合本段内容,使所选答案在内容和逻辑上都能够把两段无缝衔接
