动词不定式
三年真题考点分布
题型 考情统计 考情分析
语法填空 、 改错 年份 卷别 不定式 考点 分析近年高考真题可知，近3年高考对于不定式的考查一直是高频考点，主要考查： 1．不定式作状语； 2．不定式作定语； 3. 不定式作补语； 4. 不定式作主语和宾语； 5. 不定式的各种形式及其意义。 复习目标： 掌握不定式的形式和用法； 掌握不定式的固定搭配和特殊用法；
2024 1月浙江卷 to benefit 作目的状语
2023 新高考Ⅰ卷 whether to bite 作宾语
新高考Ⅰ卷 to be lifted 作宾补
全国甲卷 to teach used to be（改错） 作目的状语 作宾语
2022 新高考I卷 to increase 作状语
新高考II卷 to see 作目的状语
新高考II卷 how to thank 作宾语
全国甲卷 was unwilling (to)改错 作宾语
全国乙卷 To strengthen 作目的状语
浙江6月卷 tells you not to do 作宾补
浙江1月卷 to continue 作宾语
北京卷 to harm 作定语
上海7月卷 to achieve 作状语
上海1月卷 to see 作定语
【基础详单】
知识点1 不定式的概念及特点
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。包括动词不定式、动名词和分词
（现在分词和过去分词）三类，它们没有人称和数的变化，但根据发生的时间、状态及主被动关系有形式上的变化，还可以有自己的宾语和状语。
动词不定式的基本构成形式：“to+动词原形”。
知识点2 不定式的时态和语态
种类 时态 主动形式及意义 被动形式及意义
不定式 一般式 to do 将要发生或与谓语动作同时发生 to be done 被动、将来
进行式 to be doing 谓语发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式 to have done发生在谓语动词的动作之前 to have been done被动、发生在谓语动词的动作之前
考点一 不定式的句法功能
知识点1 作主语
不定式作主语表具体行为，表特指(对比：动名词作主语表泛指，是抽象行为)
不定式作主语三情况：直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-to do短语作主语(谓语用单数)。
常考句型It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构；It takes sb. time to do sth.等。
【名师提醒】 1.不定式作主语时，相当于名词或代词，谓语动词用单数形式。 2. “赞扬，责备”的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语：wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous，considerable等。3. 以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful等用for sb作逻辑主语。
例1：To succeed calls for hard work. 成功需要副词艰辛的劳动。
例2：It’s not easy to find your way around the small town.在这个小镇要找到路很不容易。
典例1.（2024·浙江卷1月七选五）I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule.
【解析】本句属于长难句，需分解其句子成分。动词think后省略了宾语从句的引导词that。句中的that引导定语从句，修饰先行词point,并在从句中充当of的介词宾语。how引导表语从句，it充当宾语从句中的形式主语，to do不定式短语是表语从句中的真正主语。句意：我认为很多人忽略的一点是，落后是多么容易。
【名师点睛】在分析句子结构时，遇到长难句中的非谓语动词，如果句子成分理解错误，就会曲解句意。
典例2.【2021·英语全国甲卷】 It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
【答案】to walk
【思维建模】遇到设空处为动词的题时，若句中已有谓语动词且不存在并列谓语或从句的谓语，考虑设空词为非谓语动词。观察句子结构，it充当形式主语，则to walk作真正的主语。
【变式训练】Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier ________（make）eco-friendly lifestyle choices.
【解析】考查不定式。幸运的是，现在更容易选择环保的生活方式。此处it是形式主语，后面的不定式短语作真正的主语。故填to make。
【答案】to make
知识点2 作宾语
口诀 动词
希望学会想决心 hope/wish/expect, learn, want, tend, decide/determine
设法拒绝愿假装 manage, refuse, care, pretend
主动承诺选计划 offer, promise, choose, plan
请求同意来帮忙 ask/beg, agree , help
名师点睛:下列动词后跟不定式和ing形式作宾语含义不同。
forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做）
forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做）
remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做）
remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做）
regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做）
regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做）
go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了）
go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变）
stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了）
stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变）
can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事
mean to do 打算做某事（未做）
mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用）
try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功）
try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动）
【易错提醒】 1. 动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。 2. 不定式作动词(短语)learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out 等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等。 3. 介词后一般要接v.-ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。
典例1.（2023·新高考I卷·语法填空）The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口,释放蒸汽,让里面的汤汁流出来还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。空处与后面to put 并列,充当decide的宾语。
【答案】to bite
典例2.（2023·江苏省南通市高三调研）While much attention is paid to the outside of a bag-its design, brand and, unavoidably, its price tag, most people tends___ ___(ignore) the rich and complex internal life hidden in it.
【解析】考查不定式。根据短语tend to do sth.表示“倾向于，往往会”。故填to ignore。
【答案】to ignore
【思维建模】根据句中的谓语动词tend可知此处考查非谓语形式作宾语，牢记只跟不定式作宾语的动词形式。
【变式训练1】The two girls are so alike that strangers find ________ difficult to tell one from the other.
【解析】考查形式宾语it。此处it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语to tell one from the other。句意：这两个女孩太相似了以至于陌生人都很难分辨她们。
【答案】it
【变式训练2】The ox was originally first, but he was so kind that he agreed ____ ____(carry) the little rat across the river.
【解析】考查不定式。句意：牛本来是第一个过河的，但是他很善良，所以同意带着小老鼠过河。结合句意表示“同意做某事”可知短语为agree to do sth.。故填to carry。
【答案】to carry
知识点3 作宾语补足语
1. see类动词(不定式作宾补省to):巧记--让美克注意听听看看这块表有的感觉-- let, make, notice, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel。
2. ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/invite/
need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer等动词后只接to do 作宾补 sb to do……:
3. 用于“with+名词+不定式”，表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。省略with后构成的“名词/代词+不定式” 构成独立主格结构。
4. be said类动词：be said/believed/reported/known to do类句型，可以转化为It is said that…
5.think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。
【易错提醒】 有些动词用带to的不定式作补足语，但使役动词（make, let, have等）与感官动词（watch, hear, feel, notice, see等）用于主动语态时，作其宾语补足语的不定式省略to；但当这些词用于被动语态时，to不能省略（let除外）。
Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world.
中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。
If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on.
如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。
The president was reported to have visited China. 据报道，那位总统已经访问了中国。
He made his workers work 12 hours a day.（主动）他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。
→His workers were made to work 12 hours a day.(被动)
典例1.（2023·新高考I卷·语法填空）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them
(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有精美的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的馅。根据固定搭配allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”,空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系,空处需填动词不定式的被动形式to be lifted。
【答案】to be lifted
【易错提醒】考试容易只关注结构，忽略句意理解，句中对不定式被动形式的考查侧重逻辑意思的理解。
典例2.（2023·湖南省雅礼十六校联考）Two things I did may have caused people ________(think) that something is wrong with me.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我做的两件事可能让人们认为我有问题。固定搭配cause sb to do sth.“让某人做某事”。故填to think。
【答案】to think
【变式训练1】On this day, the moon is said (be) its biggest and brightest.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这一天，月亮据说是最大最亮的。根据句意及所给句子可知，表示“据说某事物可以做”，应用固定句型sth. is said to do，应用动词不定式，作主语补足语。故填to be。
【答案】to be
【变式训练2】With so many problems (deal) with, I need to work overtime tomorrow.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：有这么多问题要处理，我明天得加班了。动词短语deal with和problems之间是动宾关系，表示将来的动作，用动词不定式作宾补，故填to deal。
【答案】to deal
知识点4 作表语
不定式作表语起解释说明作用。主语通常是job, task, wish, hope, duty, work, thing, goal, aim, problem, question, happiness, what, advice, idea等可表示抽象含义的词。
表示一般的概念时，不定式、动词ing形式可以互换，而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。
【名师点睛】主语部分含义实义动词do的形式时，作表语的不定式可省to。
What she likes is watching/to watch children play. 她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。
My wish is to become a good teacher.我的愿望就是要当个好老师。
The only thing that he can do now is (to) abandon the plan. 现在他唯一能做的事情是放弃这个计划。
All you need to do now is complete the form.你现在要做的是把这张表填好。
What I want to do most in senior high school is improve my English.
我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
典例1.（2024·全国高三专题训练）What you have to remember is (put) the glass down.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你必须记住的是放下杯子。结合句意分析句子结构可知，表示具体的动作使用不定式作表语，故填to put。
【答案】to put
例2.（2023·重庆八中模拟）) But the one thing that reading a book or talking to someone cannot do is ________ (provide) you with the experience of wandering Paris on foot.
【解析】考查不定式。句意：但是，读书或与某人交谈无法做到的一件事就是为您提供步行流浪巴黎的体验。从one thing...cannot do可知，空处为不定式做表语，主语部分有实义动词do，to可以省略。故填(to)provide。
【答案】 to provide/provide
【变式训练】Scientists around the world are looking for all kinds of ways to protect and maybe even revive corals. One option is ______ (create) more marine protected areas-essentially national parks in the ocean.
【答案】to create/creating
【解析】考查非谓语动词一种选择是创造更多的海洋保护区。此处非谓动词作表语，是对主语option的解释说明，用不定式或动名词均可。故填to create/creating。
知识点5 作定语
不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系。
序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。
表抽象意义的名词常被不定式修饰，如：chance, need, promise, ability, way, opportunity, right, attempt, plan, evidence等。
【易错提醒】如果不定式与所修饰名词为动宾关系，且是不及物动词，则在动词后加适当的介词。
【名师点睛】
1.不定式作定语：
His first book to be published is based on a true story.他要出版的第一本书以一个真实的故事为依据写的。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达一个想法的能力和想法本身一样重要。
Today I have nothing/something to say at the conference.今天我在会议上没有什么可说的。
I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch.
2.不定式作定语，修饰序数词等：
He is always the first to arrive and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
She was the first/second/third/tenth (student) to come to school today.
3.不定式作定语，不省略介词：
1.I have no pen to write with.我没有写字用的钢笔。
2.Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldn't find any paper to write on.
突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。
You should find a bright house to live in.你应该找一所明亮的房子来住。
Do you have a pen to write a letter with 你有笔可以写信吗？
You will have to buy a piece of paper to write the notice on.你得买一张纸来写通知。
At the department store there are a lot of cameras to choose from.在这个百货公司里，有很多相机可供选择。
He is a good person to work with.他是个值得共事的好人。
4.不定式作定语时间关系与主被动关系的区别：
1. I will attend the meeting to be held next Tuesday. (表将来, 被动)
2. I attended the meeting held last Friday. （表过去, 完成, 被动）
3. I will attend the meeting being held at the hall now. （表进行，被动）
典例1.（2022·全国甲卷）A visuallychallenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step ________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
【解析】此处journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前有序数词修饰，应用不定式作后置定语。故填to journey。
【答案】to journey
典例2.（23-24高三·河北衡水·期中）Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world (go) into space. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：之后，苏联致力于将人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词person，当所修饰词前有序数词时，应用不定式作后置定语，故填to go。
【答案】to go
【变式训练1】The first human case of monkeypox was recorded in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) during a period of intensified effort ________ (get) rid of smallpox.
【解析】effort后面应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to get。
【答案】to get
【变式训练2】Gaining inspiration from jade for a second time honors the Chinese capital’s unique position as the first city _____ _____（host) the Summer and Winter Olympics.
【解析】考查不定式。句意：第二次从翡翠中汲取灵感，彰显了中国首都作为第一个举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市的独特地位。序数词后动词不定式做后置定语，修饰city，故填to host。
【答案】to host
知识点6 作状语
不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。注意逻辑主语一致性，位于句末前边不能有逗号。so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。
不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to, enough to do, only to do, so…as to, such as to等结构。
不定式作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，dangerous，heavy，good，important，impossible，surprised，astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。
1.不定式作目的状语：
1. To complete the project in time, the workers will have to work day and night.
2. To be a winner, you need to give all you have and try your best.
3. Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save their valuable time.
4. You must set out at once in order not (so as not ) to be late for school.
5. Many people have to wear glasses to/in order to/so as to see distant objects clearly.
= To/in order to see distant objects clearly, many people have to wear glasses.
2 .不定式作结果状语：
常用于so/such…as to…(如此…以致…)；enough …to …(足够)；only to …(结果);never to…(结果再也没有) ； too… to…(太…而不能…)等结构中。
She was so late as to miss half of the lecture.她来得如此晚以至于错过了一半的演讲。
The house is large enough to hold two hundred people.这座房子足够大，可以容纳两百人。
The boy is too young to attend school. 这男孩年纪太小，不能上学。
only to do/be done: 表示一种预料之外的结果。常含有 “ 惊讶，失望，放心 ”之意。
4.She hurried to the station, only to be told that the 9:45 train had left.
她急忙赶到车站，却被告知9点45分的火车已经走了。
5.Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.
汤姆乘出租车去了机场，却发现他的飞机高高升在空中。
3 .不定式作原因状语：
以下情感类形容词后常接不定式的主动形式：hard, difficult, easy, light, heavy, nice, good, clear, dangerous, pleasant, interesting, fit, bitter, exciting, comfortable, convenient, amusing, impossible等。在该结构中构成不定式的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式通常用主动形式表示被动含义。不定式中的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。
She was sorry to have kept us waiting so long.她很抱歉让我们等了这么久。
This book is difficult to understand.这本书很难懂。
Chongqing is hard/difficult/easy to find on this map.重庆在这张地图上很难/很难/容易找到。
In many people’s opinion, that company is pleasant to deal with.
例5 The picture is pleasant to look at.这张画很好看。
例6.This building is dangerous/pleasant/comfortable to live in.这栋建筑住起来很危险，很舒适。
典例1.（湖南天壹名校联盟2023-2024学年高三大联考试题）He was excited (experience) calligraphy and showed admiration for Chinese culture, despite not having visited China.
【解析】考查不定式。句意：尽管没有去过中国，但他对书法感到兴奋，并对中国文化表示钦佩。be excited to do是固定短语，意为“兴奋地做某事”，因此空格处是不定式to experience。故填to experience。
【答案】to experience
4 .不定式作独立成分：
to tell the truth说实话； to be honest诚实地说； to put it briefly前言之；
to be frank坦白地说； to begin/start with首先； to make things/matters worse更糟糕的是； to put it in a nutshell简而言之
典例1.（2023·全国甲卷语法填空）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 61. (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
【答案】to teach
【解析】考查不定式。句意:几千年来,人们讲寓言故事或为了教课或为了传递智慧。根据空后的or to pass on wisdom可知,此处和后文是并列关系,故填to teach。
典例2.（2024·北京专题训练）She called for action (address) the struggles of people around the world facing “too little water or too dirty water”.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。故填to address。
【答案】to address
【变式训练1】Those of us who watched the lunar voyage of Apollo11 were amazed as we saw the first man walk on the moon. But ______ (get) there those astronauts literally had to break out of the huge gravity pull of the earth.
【解析】考查不定式。句意：但为了到达月球，毫不夸张地说，宇航员们必须挣脱地球对其巨大的引力。句中用不定式作目的状语。故填to get。
【答案】to get
【变式训练2】He used different shades of ink ____ ___ (model) the shrimp’s torso (躯干) and head. These shrimps are not just passive subject matter; rather they are firmly stating their presence.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他用不同色调的墨水来展示虾的躯干和头部。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to model。
【答案】to model
考点二 不定式的特殊用法
知识点1 疑问词+不定式
动词不定式可以与疑问代词who, whom, what, which, whose及疑问副词when, where, how等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。
【易错提醒】why不能用于“疑问词+不定式”结构。
例1.我不知道怎样回到村子。
I didn’t know how I could get back to the village.
=I didn’t know how to get back to the village.
典例1.（2023·新高考I卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。
【答案】 to bite。
典例2.浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）One should be clear about what (love) or hate. Ren comes from learning and self-cultivation: it can be seen from a person’s appearance.
【解析】考查不定式。句意：一个人应该清楚地知道爱什么或恨什么。分析句子可知此处为“疑问词+不定式”作介词about的宾语，故填to love。
【答案】to love
知识点2 不定式的省略
感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to（注意被动语态中to应加上）； 在介词but, except表示“除了......”之意的单词前，若有实义动词do， 作宾语的不定式则省略to;若无do, 则to不能省略。 两个或多个不定式短语表示并列关系时，后面的to可以省略；如果两个或多个不定式短语表示对比关系时，则保留to。 4.下列句型常省略to： may as well do sth 最好还是做…… had better do 最好做某事 do nothing but do sth 别无选择只好做某事 can’t help but do sth. 禁不住做某事 Why not do sth 何不做某事？ prefer to do…rather than do sth, 宁愿做……而不愿做…… would rather do…than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做……
I watched the girl enter the hall.我看着那个小女孩走进了大厅。
The girl was watched to enter the hall.
He refuses to spend time with us or do as we tell him.（并列关系，do前省略了to）
他拒绝花时间和我们在一起，也拒绝照我们说的做。
They came not to save us, but to conquer us.（对比关系，不能省to）
他们不是来救我们的，而是来征服我们的。
知识点3 不定式的主动形式表被动含义
不定式的主动形式
一 不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成动宾关系时
That flying bird is impossible to catch. 那只会飞的鸟是不可能被抓住的。
If you want to make even greater progress in your studies, you still have many difficulties to overcome.
如果你想在学业上取得更大的进步,那么你还需要克服许多困难。
二 在“be+性质形容词+不定式”结构中,性质形容词如easy，hard,difficult,safe,interesting,heavy,pleasant, comfortable，dangerous，impossible 等。
He is not easy to get along with. 他不易相处。
The book is very interesting to read.这本书读一读是很有趣的。
三 不定式与疑问代词连用时。
I don't know which to choose because there isn’t any difference between the two.
两者之间毫无差别,所以我真不知道该选哪个。
四 某些动词不定式与be连用时，如to blame(责备)，to seek(寻找),to let(出租)等。
He is to blame for this.他因这件事该受责备。
The answer is not hard to seek.答案不难寻找。
不定式的被动形式
一 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,一般要用被动语态。
A lot of graduates ask to be sent to work where they are most needed every year.
每年都有毕业生要求被派往最需要他们的地方工作。
二 不定式的被动语态一般式通常表示将来的动作。
The topic to be discussed tomorrow is about climate change
明天要讨论的主题是关于气候变化的。
三 不定式的被动语态完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
The novel is said to have been translated into several languages.
这部小说据说被翻译成了种语言。
一 真题实战
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.（2024年浙江1月卷）The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
【答案】to benefit
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。
2.（2022·全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ______ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
【答案】 to journey
【解析】考查不定式作定语。近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。此处journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
3.（2022全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
【答案】To strengthen
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的49名茶叶专业人士进行56小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
4.（2024九省联考卷）He knows that computers are here (stay) and that they will not disappear.
【答案】 to stay
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他知道电脑会一直存在，不会消失。be here to stay是一个固定短语，表示“固定下来; 普遍认可; 成为风尚”。故填to stay。
5.（2022浙江卷）Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not __________ (do).
【答案】 to do
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过触摸，这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。
6.（2019新课标II卷）Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award，proud Irene declared she had no plans _____________（retire） from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】to retire
【解析】考查不定式作定语。句意：获得“终身成就”奖时，艾琳骄傲地宣布她没有从36年的公司退休的计划。此处用to do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“…的计划”，故填to retire。
二、 命题演练
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.（2024届福建省三明市等5地高三一模试题）In 1941, she became the first Chinese woman ever______ (appoint) director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital, but later, the department was closed because of the war.
【答案】to be appointed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：1941年，她成为第一位被任命为北京协和医院妇产科主任的中国女性，但后来，该科室因战争而关闭。根据“the first Chinese woman”可推知，此处用“the+序数词+名词+to do”的固定表达，且appoint和woman逻辑上是被动关系，应用appoint的不定式被动语态to be appointed。故填to be appointed。
2.（湖北省孝感市重点高中协作体2023-2024学年高三试题） (satisfy) the diverse tastes of today’s youth, sellers are putting fancy decorations on this ancient costume.
【答案】To satisfy
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了满足当今年轻人的不同口味，卖家们在这种古老的服装上装饰了各种各样的装饰。句中are putting为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处使用不定式，作目的状语。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填To satisfy。
3.（广东省深圳市富源学校2023-2024学年调研试题）Hot liquid sugar is used (create) two-dimensional figures like small animals.
【答案】to create
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：热的液体糖被用来制作像小动物一样的二维图形。短语be used to do sth.表示“被用来做某事”。故填to create。
4.（广东省六校2023-2024学年高三第一次联考试题）Dr. Wang began to question the umbrella species narrative and carried out research, only (find) that panda conservation had not helped large carnivores in China.
【答案】to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：王博士开始质疑保护伞物种的说法，并进行了研究，结果发现保护熊猫并没有帮助中国的大型食肉动物。此处为only to do sth.，为不定式作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果。故填to find。
5.（福建省厦门第二中学2023-2024年高三试题）Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】to have
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行和住宿的宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。aim to do为固定短语，表示“旨在，目的是”，符合句意，所以空处应用不定式形式。故填to have。
6.(福建省厦门双十中学2023-2024学年高三试题)In recent years, Yucun has made the effort____ (improve) its environment and by now it has become a popular tourist destination.
【答案】to improve
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：近年来，余村努力改善环境，并逐渐成为一个受欢迎的旅游目的地。做努力目的为了改善，表示目的用动词不定式。故填to improve。
7.（福建省龙岩第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）“I feel quite honored to be involved in such significant work.” Duan said. “ (create) a more beautiful world, humans and wild animals, I hope, can live in harmony.”
【答案】To create
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了创造一个更美丽的世界，我希望人类和野生动物能够和谐相处。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填To create。
8.（2024·河北省沧州市联考）That day, local Yao people took their clothes outside their house to dry and seek fortune. Later, dressed in their treasured costumes, they showcased how to make traditional clothes, performed group weddings and gave other unique performances as a way (attract)tourists.
【答案】to attract
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，她们穿着珍贵的服装，展示如何制作传统服装，举行集体婚礼，并进行其他独特的表演，以此吸引游客。way后常用不定式作后置定语。故填to attract。
9.（2024·河南省平顶山许昌济源洛阳四市第一次质量检测）Compared with Tai Chi, Baduanjin is more suitable for beginners with its simple and gentle movements. It can enhance immunity and enable people (relax). It is also a very low-cost social activity for the young people in China.
【答案】to relax
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它可以增强免疫力，使人放松。设空处在句中作非谓语，enable sb to do sth使某人能够做某事，设空处应用动词不定式的形式。故填to relax。
10.（2024·广东省广东省四校联考月考）It is believed that the bird’s oversized tail was made (prevent) the sculpture from leaning forward when laid on a surface.
【答案】to prevent
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：人们认为，这只鸟的超大尾巴是为了防止雕塑放在地面上时向前倾斜。句中be made to do为固定短语，使用不定式结构作主语补足语结构。故填to prevent。动词不定式
三年真题考点分布
题型 考情统计 考情分析
语法填空 、 改错 年份 卷别 不定式 考点 分析近年高考真题可知，近3年高考对于不定式的考查一直是高频考点，主要考查： 1．不定式作状语； 2．不定式作定语； 3. 不定式作补语； 4. 不定式作主语和宾语； 5. 不定式的各种形式及其意义。 复习目标： 掌握不定式的形式和用法； 掌握不定式的固定搭配和特殊用法；
2024 1月浙江卷 to benefit 作目的状语
2023 新高考Ⅰ卷 whether to bite 作宾语
新高考Ⅰ卷 to be lifted 作宾补
全国甲卷 to teach used to be（改错） 作目的状语 作宾语
2022 新高考I卷 to increase 作状语
新高考II卷 to see 作目的状语
新高考II卷 how to thank 作宾语
全国甲卷 was unwilling (to)改错 作宾语
全国乙卷 To strengthen 作目的状语
浙江6月卷 tells you not to do 作宾补
浙江1月卷 to continue 作宾语
北京卷 to harm 作定语
上海7月卷 to achieve 作状语
上海1月卷 to see 作定语
【基础详单】
知识点1 不定式的概念及特点
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。包括动词不定式、动名词和分词
（现在分词和过去分词）三类，它们没有人称和数的变化，但根据发生的时间、状态及主被动关系有形式上的变化，还可以有自己的宾语和状语。
动词不定式的基本构成形式：“to+动词原形”。
知识点2 不定式的时态和语态
种类 时态 主动形式及意义 被动形式及意义
不定式 一般式 to do 将要发生或与谓语动作同时发生 to be done 被动、将来
进行式 to be doing 谓语发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式 to have done发生在谓语动词的动作之前 to have been done被动、发生在谓语动词的动作之前
考点一 不定式的句法功能
知识点1 作主语
不定式作主语表具体行为，表特指(对比：动名词作主语表泛指，是抽象行为)
不定式作主语三情况：直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-to do短语作主语(谓语用单数)。
常考句型It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构；It takes sb. time to do sth.等。
【名师提醒】 1.不定式作主语时，相当于名词或代词，谓语动词用单数形式。 2. “赞扬，责备”的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语：wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous，considerable等。3. 以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful等用for sb作逻辑主语。
例1：To succeed calls for hard work. 成功需要副词艰辛的劳动。
例2：It’s not easy to find your way around the small town.在这个小镇要找到路很不容易。
典例1.（2024·浙江卷1月七选五）I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule.
【名师点睛】在分析句子结构时，遇到长难句中的非谓语动词，如果句子成分理解错误，就会曲解句意。
典例2.【2021·英语全国甲卷】 It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【思维建模】遇到设空处为动词的题时，若句中已有谓语动词且不存在并列谓语或从句的谓语，考虑设空词为非谓语动词。观察句子结构，it充当形式主语，则to walk作真正的主语。
【变式训练】Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier ________（make）eco-friendly lifestyle choices.
知识点2 作宾语
口诀 动词
希望学会想决心 hope/wish/expect, learn, want, tend, decide/determine
设法拒绝愿假装 manage, refuse, care, pretend
主动承诺选计划 offer, promise, choose, plan
请求同意来帮忙 ask/beg, agree , help
名师点睛:下列动词后跟不定式和ing形式作宾语含义不同。
forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做）
forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做）
remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做）
remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做）
regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做）
regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做）
go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了）
go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变）
stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了）
stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变）
can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事
mean to do 打算做某事（未做）
mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用）
try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功）
try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动）
【易错提醒】 1. 动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。 2. 不定式作动词(短语)learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out 等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等。 3. 介词后一般要接v.-ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。
典例1.（2023·新高考I卷·语法填空）The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
典例2.（2023·江苏省南通市高三调研）While much attention is paid to the outside of a bag-its design, brand and, unavoidably, its price tag, most people tends___ ___(ignore) the rich and complex internal life hidden in it.
【思维建模】根据句中的谓语动词tend可知此处考查非谓语形式作宾语，牢记只跟不定式作宾语的动词形式。
【变式训练1】The two girls are so alike that strangers find ________ difficult to tell one from the other.
【变式训练2】The ox was originally first, but he was so kind that he agreed ____ ____(carry) the little rat across the river.
知识点3 作宾语补足语
1. see类动词(不定式作宾补省to):巧记--让美克注意听听看看这块表有的感觉-- let, make, notice, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel。
2. ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/invite/
need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer等动词后只接to do 作宾补 sb to do……:
3. 用于“with+名词+不定式”，表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。省略with后构成的“名词/代词+不定式” 构成独立主格结构。
4. be said类动词：be said/believed/reported/known to do类句型，可以转化为It is said that…
5.think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。
【易错提醒】 有些动词用带to的不定式作补足语，但使役动词（make, let, have等）与感官动词（watch, hear, feel, notice, see等）用于主动语态时，作其宾语补足语的不定式省略to；但当这些词用于被动语态时，to不能省略（let除外）。
Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world.
中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。
If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on.
如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。
The president was reported to have visited China. 据报道，那位总统已经访问了中国。
He made his workers work 12 hours a day.（主动）他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。
→His workers were made to work 12 hours a day.(被动)
典例1.（2023·新高考I卷·语法填空）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them
(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
【易错提醒】考试容易只关注结构，忽略句意理解，句中对不定式被动形式的考查侧重逻辑意思的理解。
典例2.（2023·湖南省雅礼十六校联考）Two things I did may have caused people ________(think) that something is wrong with me.
【变式训练1】On this day, the moon is said (be) its biggest and brightest.
【变式训练2】With so many problems (deal) with, I need to work overtime tomorrow.
知识点4 作表语
不定式作表语起解释说明作用。主语通常是job, task, wish, hope, duty, work, thing, goal, aim, problem, question, happiness, what, advice, idea等可表示抽象含义的词。
表示一般的概念时，不定式、动词ing形式可以互换，而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。
【名师点睛】主语部分含义实义动词do的形式时，作表语的不定式可省to。
What she likes is watching/to watch children play. 她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。
My wish is to become a good teacher.我的愿望就是要当个好老师。
The only thing that he can do now is (to) abandon the plan. 现在他唯一能做的事情是放弃这个计划。
All you need to do now is complete the form.你现在要做的是把这张表填好。
What I want to do most in senior high school is improve my English.
我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
典例1.（2024·全国高三专题训练）What you have to remember is (put) the glass down.
例2.（2023·重庆八中模拟）) But the one thing that reading a book or talking to someone cannot do is ________ (provide) you with the experience of wandering Paris on foot.
【变式训练】Scientists around the world are looking for all kinds of ways to protect and maybe even revive corals. One option is ______ (create) more marine protected areas-essentially national parks in the ocean.
知识点5 作定语
不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系。
序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。
表抽象意义的名词常被不定式修饰，如：chance, need, promise, ability, way, opportunity, right, attempt, plan, evidence等。
【易错提醒】如果不定式与所修饰名词为动宾关系，且是不及物动词，则在动词后加适当的介词。
【名师点睛】
1.不定式作定语：
His first book to be published is based on a true story.他要出版的第一本书以一个真实的故事为依据写的。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达一个想法的能力和想法本身一样重要。
Today I have nothing/something to say at the conference.今天我在会议上没有什么可说的。
I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch.
2.不定式作定语，修饰序数词等：
He is always the first to arrive and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
She was the first/second/third/tenth (student) to come to school today.
3.不定式作定语，不省略介词：
1.I have no pen to write with.我没有写字用的钢笔。
2.Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldn't find any paper to write on.
突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。
You should find a bright house to live in.你应该找一所明亮的房子来住。
Do you have a pen to write a letter with 你有笔可以写信吗？
You will have to buy a piece of paper to write the notice on.你得买一张纸来写通知。
At the department store there are a lot of cameras to choose from.在这个百货公司里，有很多相机可供选择。
He is a good person to work with.他是个值得共事的好人。
4.不定式作定语时间关系与主被动关系的区别：
1. I will attend the meeting to be held next Tuesday. (表将来, 被动)
2. I attended the meeting held last Friday. （表过去, 完成, 被动）
3. I will attend the meeting being held at the hall now. （表进行，被动）
典例1.（2022·全国甲卷）A visuallychallenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step ________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
典例2.（23-24高三·河北衡水·期中）Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world (go) into space. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【变式训练1】The first human case of monkeypox was recorded in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) during a period of intensified effort ________ (get) rid of smallpox.
【变式训练2】Gaining inspiration from jade for a second time honors the Chinese capital’s unique position as the first city _____ _____（host) the Summer and Winter Olympics.
知识点6 作状语
不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。注意逻辑主语一致性，位于句末前边不能有逗号。so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。
不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to, enough to do, only to do, so…as to, such as to等结构。
不定式作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，dangerous，heavy，good，important，impossible，surprised，astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。
1.不定式作目的状语：
1. To complete the project in time, the workers will have to work day and night.
2. To be a winner, you need to give all you have and try your best.
3. Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save their valuable time.
4. You must set out at once in order not (so as not ) to be late for school.
5. Many people have to wear glasses to/in order to/so as to see distant objects clearly.
= To/in order to see distant objects clearly, many people have to wear glasses.
2 .不定式作结果状语：
常用于so/such…as to…(如此…以致…)；enough …to …(足够)；only to …(结果);never to…(结果再也没有) ； too… to…(太…而不能…)等结构中。
She was so late as to miss half of the lecture.她来得如此晚以至于错过了一半的演讲。
The house is large enough to hold two hundred people.这座房子足够大，可以容纳两百人。
The boy is too young to attend school. 这男孩年纪太小，不能上学。
only to do/be done: 表示一种预料之外的结果。常含有 “ 惊讶，失望，放心 ”之意。
She hurried to the station, only to be told that the 9:45 train had left.
她急忙赶到车站，却被告知9点45分的火车已经走了。
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.
汤姆乘出租车去了机场，却发现他的飞机高高升在空中。
3 .不定式作原因状语：
以下情感类形容词后常接不定式的主动形式：hard, difficult, easy, light, heavy, nice, good, clear, dangerous, pleasant, interesting, fit, bitter, exciting, comfortable, convenient, amusing, impossible等。在该结构中构成不定式的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式通常用主动形式表示被动含义。不定式中的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。
She was sorry to have kept us waiting so long.她很抱歉让我们等了这么久。
This book is difficult to understand.这本书很难懂。
Chongqing is hard/difficult/easy to find on this map.重庆在这张地图上很难/很难/容易找到。
In many people’s opinion, that company is pleasant to deal with.
例5 The picture is pleasant to look at.这张画很好看。
例6.This building is dangerous/pleasant/comfortable to live in.这栋建筑住起来很危险，很舒适。
典例1.（湖南天壹名校联盟2023-2024学年高三大联考试题）He was excited (experience) calligraphy and showed admiration for Chinese culture, despite not having visited China.
4 .不定式作独立成分：
to tell the truth说实话； to be honest诚实地说； to put it briefly前言之；
to be frank坦白地说； to begin/start with首先； to make things/matters worse更糟糕的是； to put it in a nutshell简而言之
典例1.（2023·全国甲卷语法填空）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 61.
(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
典例2.（2024·北京专题训练）She called for action (address) the struggles of people around the world facing “too little water or too dirty water”.
【变式训练1】Those of us who watched the lunar voyage of Apollo11 were amazed as we saw the first man walk on the moon. But ______ (get) there those astronauts literally had to break out of the huge gravity pull of the earth.
【变式训练2】He used different shades of ink ____ ___ (model) the shrimp’s torso (躯干) and head. These shrimps are not just passive subject matter; rather they are firmly stating their presence.
考点二 不定式的特殊用法
知识点1 疑问词+不定式
动词不定式可以与疑问代词who, whom, what, which, whose及疑问副词when, where, how等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。
【易错提醒】why不能用于“疑问词+不定式”结构。
例1.我不知道怎样回到村子。
I didn’t know how I could get back to the village.
=I didn’t know how to get back to the village.
典例1.（2023·新高考I卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
典例2.浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）One should be clear about what (love) or hate. Ren comes from learning and self-cultivation: it can be seen from a person’s appearance.
知识点2 不定式的省略
感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to（注意被动语态中to应加上）； 在介词but, except表示“除了......”之意的单词前，若有实义动词do， 作宾语的不定式则省略to;若无do, 则to不能省略。 两个或多个不定式短语表示并列关系时，后面的to可以省略；如果两个或多个不定式短语表示对比关系时，则保留to。 4.下列句型常省略to： may as well do sth 最好还是做…… had better do 最好做某事 do nothing but do sth 别无选择只好做某事 can’t help but do sth. 禁不住做某事 Why not do sth 何不做某事？ prefer to do…rather than do sth, 宁愿做……而不愿做…… would rather do…than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做……
I watched the girl enter the hall.我看着那个小女孩走进了大厅。
The girl was watched to enter the hall.
He refuses to spend time with us or do as we tell him.（并列关系，do前省略了to）
他拒绝花时间和我们在一起，也拒绝照我们说的做。
They came not to save us, but to conquer us.（对比关系，不能省to）
他们不是来救我们的，而是来征服我们的。
知识点3 不定式的主动形式表被动含义
不定式的主动形式
一 不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成动宾关系时
That flying bird is impossible to catch. 那只会飞的鸟是不可能被抓住的。
If you want to make even greater progress in your studies, you still have many difficulties to overcome.
如果你想在学业上取得更大的进步,那么你还需要克服许多困难。
二 在“be+性质形容词+不定式”结构中,性质形容词如easy，hard,difficult,safe,interesting,heavy,pleasant, comfortable，dangerous，impossible 等。
He is not easy to get along with. 他不易相处。
The book is very interesting to read.这本书读一读是很有趣的。
三 不定式与疑问代词连用时。
I don't know which to choose because there isn’t any difference between the two.
两者之间毫无差别,所以我真不知道该选哪个。
四 某些动词不定式与be连用时，如to blame(责备)，to seek(寻找),to let(出租)等。
He is to blame for this.他因这件事该受责备。
The answer is not hard to seek.答案不难寻找。
不定式的被动形式
一 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,一般要用被动语态。
A lot of graduates ask to be sent to work where they are most needed every year.
每年都有毕业生要求被派往最需要他们的地方工作。
二 不定式的被动语态一般式通常表示将来的动作。
The topic to be discussed tomorrow is about climate change
明天要讨论的主题是关于气候变化的。
三 不定式的被动语态完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
The novel is said to have been translated into several languages.
这部小说据说被翻译成了种语言。
一 真题实战
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.（2024年浙江1月卷）The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
2.（2022·全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ______ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
3.（2022全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
4.（2024九省联考卷）He knows that computers are here (stay) and that they will not disappear.
5.（2022浙江卷）Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not __________ (do).
6.（2019新课标II卷）Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award，proud Irene declared she had no plans _____________（retire） from her 36-year-old business.
二、 命题演练
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.（2024届福建省三明市等5地高三一模试题）In 1941, she became the first Chinese woman ever______ (appoint) director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital, but later, the department was closed because of the war.
2.（湖北省孝感市重点高中协作体2023-2024学年高三试题） (satisfy) the diverse tastes of today’s youth, sellers are putting fancy decorations on this ancient costume.
3.（广东省深圳市富源学校2023-2024学年调研试题）Hot liquid sugar is used (create) two-dimensional figures like small animals.
4.（广东省六校2023-2024学年高三第一次联考试题）Dr. Wang began to question the umbrella species narrative and carried out research, only (find) that panda conservation had not helped large carnivores in China.
5.（福建省厦门第二中学2023-2024年高三试题）Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
6.(福建省厦门双十中学2023-2024学年高三试题)In recent years, Yucun has made the effort____ (improve) its environment and by now it has become a popular tourist destination.
7.（福建省龙岩第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）“I feel quite honored to be involved in such significant work.” Duan said. “ (create) a more beautiful world, humans and wild animals, I hope, can live in harmony.”
8.（2024·河北省沧州市联考）That day, local Yao people took their clothes outside their house to dry and seek fortune. Later, dressed in their treasured costumes, they showcased how to make traditional clothes, performed group weddings and gave other unique performances as a way (attract)tourists.
9.（2024·河南省平顶山许昌济源洛阳四市第一次质量检测）Compared with Tai Chi, Baduanjin is more suitable for beginners with its simple and gentle movements. It can enhance immunity and enable people (relax). It is also a very low-cost social activity for the young people in China.
10.（2024·广东省广东省四校联考月考）It is believed that the bird’s oversized tail was made (prevent) the sculpture from leaning forward when laid on a surface.
