选择性必修三 Unit 5 重点词汇及短语拓展
I. Unit 5重点词汇及拓展
1. sorrow n. 悲伤；悲痛；伤心事 vi.感到悲伤→sorrowful adj.悲伤的
2. imagery n. 形象的描述、意象→image n. 形象、印象
3. literary adj. 文学的、爱好文学的→literature n. 文学
4. rhyme n. 押韵词；押韵的短诗vi.& vt.(使)押韵→rhythm n. 节奏；韵律；规律
5. nurse n. 护士→nursery adj. 幼儿教育的 n. 托儿所、保育室
6. recite vt.背诵；吟诵；列举→recitation n. 背诵
7. respectively adv.分别；各自；依次为→respective adj.分别的；各自的
8. comprehension n. 理解力；领悟力；理解练习→comprehend v. 理解；领悟；懂→comprehensive adj. 理解的、领悟的
9. civilian n. 平民、老百姓→civil adj. 国内的、平民的
10. sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的→sympathy n. 同情；赞同
11. innocence n. 天真；单纯；无罪→innocent adj.天真无邪的；无辜的；无恶意的
12. correspondence n. 来往信件；通信联系→correspond vi.相一致；符合；相当于；通信
13. dominant adj.首要的；占支配地位的；显著的→dominance n. 统治；支配
14. variation n. 变化；变体；变奏曲→vary v. (使)不同；改变；变化→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n. 多样性
15. racial adj.种族的；人种的→race n. 种族
16. prejudice n. 偏见；成见 vt.使怀有(或形成)偏见→prejudiced adj.有偏见的
17. grief n. 悲伤、悲痛→grieve v. 使......悲伤、悲痛
plicated adj.复杂的；难懂的→complicate v. 使复杂化
II.Unit 5重点短语和句型
一、重点短语
1. to the point 中肯的；切题的 2. make sense 讲得通；有意义
3. be made up of 由……组成(构成) 4. be popular with 受……的欢迎
5. translate...into... 把……翻译成…… 6. choose from 从……中选择
7. fall in love with 爱上…… 8. carry out 进行；执行
9. pay attention to 注意 10. make a living 谋生
11. be sure about 确信…… 12. with delight 高兴地
13. keep up with 保持；不落下 14. hold onto 坚持住
15. make a list of 列一张清单 16. in addition to 除了
17. in the beginning 一开始
二、重点句型
1. 句型公式：why引导定语从句
教材原句：There are various reasons why people compose poetry.
翻译：人们写诗的原因多种多样。
【分析点拨】
当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系副词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导，且why只能引导限制性定语从句。why可以用“for which”来代替。
e.g. ①Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.
孟子认为人区别于动物的原因就在于人性本善。
②Can you tell me the reason why you are unhappy
你可以告诉我你为什么不开心吗？
③That’s the reason why I’m checking it now.
那就是我现在检查的原因。
2. 句型公式：主语＋be＋adj.＋动词不定式
教材原句：The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite.
翻译：这些童谣也许没有道理，甚至自相矛盾，但是很容易学习和背诵。
【分析点拨】
(1)动词不定式在该句型中用主动形式表示被动意义。
(2)常用于该句型的形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词，如hard, difficult, pleasant, easy, comfortable, interesting等。
(3)在意义上，动词不定式和主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系；当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，要加适当的介词。
e.g. ①People settle in these places because they are easy to get to.
这些地方容易到达，人们就在此定居下来。
②This sweater I just bought online is hard to wash.
我刚从网上买的这件毛衣很难洗。
③The problem at the meeting yesterday is hard to deal with.
昨天会上的问题很难处理。
【多维运用】
(1)单句语法填空
①He lent his new pen to me, which is easy to write with.
(2)完成句子
②He thinks that long sentences in this text are difficult to remember.
他认为这篇课文中的长句子很难记住。
3. 句型公式：while此处用作并列连词，强调前后分句的对比
教材原句：Some rhyme (like B and C), while others do not.
翻译：有些清单诗押韵(如诗歌B和诗歌C)，有些则不押韵。
【分析点拨】
连词while主要有以下用法：
(1)连接两个并列分句，表示对比关系，意为“而；然而”。
(2)引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”；也可引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然”。
【名师点津】while引导时间状语从句时，从句的谓语动词通常是延续性动词，强调主从句的两个动词同时发生。
e.g. ①Some students are outgoing, while some are shy, yet they can be good friends.
有些学生很外向，有些学生则很害羞，但他们却能成为好朋友。
②He likes pop music while I am fond of folk music.
他喜欢流行音乐，而我却喜欢民间音乐。
③Some people believe smoking is harmful to health, while others consider smoking is helpful for reducing working pressure.
一些人认为吸烟有害健康，而另一些人则认为吸烟有助于减轻工作压力。
【多维运用】
(1)写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all.然而
②While online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.尽管；虽然
③While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep.当……的时候
(2)完成句子
④Lily enjoys diving, while you like swimming.
莉莉喜爱跳水，而你喜欢游泳。
4. 句型公式：that引导表语从句
教材原句：The reason is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.
翻译：原因是他们能感觉到爱的温暖、享受到童年的纯真。
【分析点拨】
引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether，连接代词和连接副词以及as if, as though, because等连词。引导表语从句的that通常不省略，但在口语或非正式文体中有时也可省略。当句子主语为表示原因的名词(+定语从句)等时，表语从句引导词应该用that。
e.g. ①The reason is that you haven’t eaten any vegetables.
原因是你没有吃蔬菜。
②Part of the reason is that physical education test scores are now worth more on the senior high school entrance examination.
部分原因是，现在体育考试成绩在高中入学考试中的比重更大。
③The most basic reason why dialects should be preserved is that language helps to retain a culture.
方言应该被保留的最基本的原因是语言有助于保留文化。
5. 句型公式：the first＋名词＋不定式短语作定语
教材原句：Tagore was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
翻译：泰戈尔是第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的亚洲人。
【分析点拨】
the first/ second..., the last, the only, the next以及这些词修饰的名词后常接不定式作定语。
e.g. ① China is the first country to produce paper money.
中国是第一个生产纸币的国家。
②Charles Kao was the only ethnic Chinese scientist to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2009.
高锟是唯一一位获得2009年诺贝尔物理学奖的华裔科学家。
③His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.
他下个月出版的第一本书是根据一个真实的故事改编的。
6. 句型公式：wherever引导让步状语从句
教材原句：Wherever it blew, I should know that the wind had been going there too.
翻译：无论它吹向任何地方，我会知道风也曾经去过那里。
【分析点拨】
wherever引导让步状语从句，表示“不管在(到)哪里”，相当于no matter where。它也可以引导地点状语从句，表示“在……的任何(所有)地方”，与where, anywhere, everywhere 用法相似。
e.g. ①His influence is so strong that crowds of followers freeze onto him wherever he goes.
他颇有影响力，无论走到哪里，都有成群的追随者跟着他。
②Wherever you find high wages, you will generally find high prices.
哪里有高工资，哪里一般就有高物价。
③Being recognized wherever you go is the price you pay for being famous.
出名所付出的代价是不管你走到哪里，都会被人认出来。
7. 句型公式：过去分词短语作状语
教材原句：Based on what you have learnt about Fan Zhongyan and Su Shi from this book, what do you think they have in common
翻译：根据你从这本书中对范仲淹和苏轼的了解，你认为他们有什么共同之处？
【分析点拨】
过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作，作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。如果过去分词作状语时，前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构。
e.g. ①Faced with so many things to learn, I was overcome by fear and was at a loss what to do.
面对这么多要学的东西，我感到恐惧，不知道该做什么。
②Written in a hurry, this article was not so good!
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
③Her head held high, she went by.
她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去。
III.知识点精讲：考点精析
1. sorrow n. 悲伤；悲痛；伤心事 vi.感到悲伤
Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow. (教材P50)
其他诗则试图表达某些情感，如喜悦和悲伤。
★情境探究
e.g.①To his sorrow, his whole house was destroyed in the earthquake.
令他悲伤的是，他的整座房子都在地震中被毁掉了。
②They said that the decision was made more in sorrow than in anger.
他们说作出这个决定，与其说是出于气愤，不如说是出于悲伤。
③The depth of your sorrow made me see that you have a kind heart.
你如此悲伤，让我觉得你心地善良。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)to one’s sorrow 让某人悲伤的是
express one’s sorrow at/for sth 对某事表示悲痛
(2)sorrow over sth 对某事感到悲伤
(3)sorrowful adj. 悲伤的
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①The people present at the meeting sorrowed over his death.
②As a matter of fact, he daren’t look up to see her sorrowful(sorrow) eyes.
【完成句子】
③To his sorrow, none of them were in favour of him.
让他悲伤的是，他们中没有人支持他。
make sense讲得通；有意义
The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. (教材P50)
这些诗可能没有意义，甚至看起来矛盾，但它们很容易学习和背诵。
★情境探究
e.g.①It makes sense to buy the most uptodate version.
买最新的版本是明智的。
②Some Internet buzzwords can only make sense with the context of Internet.
有一些网络流行语只有在网络语境下才讲得通。
③He wanted to communicate something; but I couldn’t make sense of what he was saying.
他想交流些什么；但我不明白他在说什么。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)make sense of... 理解/明白……的意思
It makes sense to do sth 做某事是有意义的
make no sense 无意义
(2)in a sense 从某种意义上说
in no sense 决不(置于句首时，句子要部分倒装)
a sense of direction/humour/duty 方向感/幽默感/责任感
There is no sense in doing sth 做某事没有道理/毫无意义
【名师点津】make sense的主语通常是物，而make sense of的主语通常是人。
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①Your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t make sense to buy(buy) the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
②Planning so far ahead makes no sense—so many things will have changed by next year.
【同义句转换】
③The issue can in no sense be said to be resolved.
→In no sense can the issue be said to be resolved.(用倒装句式改写)
be made up of由……组成(构成)
Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines. (教材P51)
另一种业余爱好者可以轻松书写的简单诗歌形式是五行诗，它由五行组成。
★情境探究
e.g.①A life worth living should be made up of continuous efforts and progress.
只有不断努力和进步，才能成就有意义的生活。
②Then, the population was 150, and was made up of mostly farmers and their families.
那时，人口只有150人，主要由农民和他们的家人组成。
③The next day, a medical team made up of the world’s top medical experts came to the hospital.
第二天，一个由世界顶级医学专家组成的医疗小组来到了医院。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
be made up of＝be composed of＝consist of 由……组成(构成)
make up 编造；化妆；和好；组成；构成
make up for 弥补
be made of 由……制成(从制成品中能看出原材料)
be made from 由……制成(从制成品中一般看不出或很难看出原材料)
be made in 在……制造
be made into 被制成……
【名师点津】be made of 和be made from都表示“由……制成”，区别在于后者看不出原材料。
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①Nothing can make up for the deaths of so many people.
②Books are made of paper, while paper is made from wood.
【同义句转换】
③The team consists of twenty members.
→The team is made up of/is composed of twenty members.
→Twenty members make up the team.
4. mood n. 情绪；心情；语气
With these, you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words. (教材P51)
有了这些，你可以用几句话传达一幅强烈的图画或一种特定的情绪。
★情境探究
e.g.①I’m in a good mood today, actually. How about you
事实上，我今天心情很好。你呢？
②Today, we’re in the mood for chicken.
今天我们想吃鸡肉。
③It is widely accepted that having not enough sleep can leave people in a bad mood.
人们普遍认为睡眠不足会让人心情不好。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)in a bad/good mood 心情不好/好
in the mood for sth 想做某事；有心情做某事
(2)moody adj. 情绪多变的；脾气坏的
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①He is clearly in a good mood today.
②As is often the case, she is moody(mood), which makes her friends upset.
【完成句子】
③I’m not in the mood for a long discussion about this problem.
我没有心情长时间地讨论这个问题。
5. respectively adv.分别；各自；依次为
It has a format of three lines, containing 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively. (教材P51)
俳句有三行格式，分别包含5、7和5个音节。
★情境探究
e.g.①Julie Wilson and Mark Thomas are aged 17 and 19 respectively.
朱莉·威尔逊和马克·托马斯的年龄分别为17岁和19岁。
②Both Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively.
波音公司和空中客车公司都对他们最新的飞机787和A350的效率大加赞赏。
③Two of the eight pandas, named Long Sheng and Qing Feng, were born in 2000 and 2007 respectively.
八只大熊猫中有两只分别出生在2000年和2007年，名叫“龙升”和“清风”。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)respecting prep. 关于；考虑到
(2)respective adj. 分别的；各自的
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①Respecting(respect) his age and experience, he has done quite good work.
②Their sons were three and six respectively(respective).
【完成句子】
③They are each recognised specialists in their respective fields.
他们在各自的领域都被视为专家。
comprehension n. 理解力；领悟力；理解练习
Poetry comprehension (教材P51)
诗歌理解
★情境探究
e.g.①This microscope reveals things beyond comprehension.
这个显微镜能揭秘不可思议之物。
②Your reading speed and comprehension are tested during this exercise.
你的阅读速度和理解能力将在这个练习中得到测试。
③She had no comprehension of what was involved.
她不明白所涉及的事情。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)beyond comprehension 无法理解；不可思议
(2)comprehend v. 理解；领悟；懂
(3)comprehensive adj. 详尽的；全部的
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①She couldn’t comprehend(comprehension) how someone would risk people’s lives in that way.
②For most of the people, what he did was really beyond comprehension (comprehend).
【升级加黑词汇】
③She was so young that she couldn’t understand their prehend
7. core n. 核心；精髓；(水果的)核儿
The purpose of literary criticism is to get to the core of the the text and discover what message the author is attempting to convey. (教材P52)
文学批评的目的是深入到文本的核心，发现作者试图传达的信息。
★情境探究
e.g.①Concern for the environment is at the core of our policies.
对环境的关注是我们政策的核心。
②The team is built around a core group of players.
这个队是以几名骨干队员为核心构建的。
③The core subjects are English, mathematics and science.
必修课程为英语、数学和科学。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
to the core 极度地；十足；直至核心
at the core of 处于……的中心；成为……的核心
★学以致用
(1)单句语法填空
①The apple is rotten to the core.
②Central processing unit is at the core of the computer.
(2)完成句子
③To him the family is the core of society.
对他来说，家庭是社会的核心。
8. blank adj.空白的；无图画(或韵律、装饰)的；没表情的 n. 空白；空格
Blank verse is probably one of the most common and influential forms of English poetry. (教材P52)
无韵诗可能是英语诗歌中最常见和最有影响力的形式之一。
★情境探究
e.g.①When he took the exam, he was so nervous that his mind went blank.
他考试时太紧张了，以至于他的大脑突然一片空白。
②He looked blank, as if he had no idea who she was.
他露出迷茫的神情，好像不认识她似的。
③My mind was a blank and I couldn’t remember her name.
我脑子里是一片空白，记不起她的名字了。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
go blank (头脑)突然一片空白
look blank 茫然若失
★学以致用
【写出下列句中黑体词的含义】
①Jane sat at the desk, staring at the blank screen.空白的
②Somehow he had a blank expression on his face.没表情的
③All of a sudden, my mind was a complete blank.空白
【同义句转换】
④All of a sudden, my mind went blank completely.(用形容词blank改写句③)
9. polish vt.修改；润色；抛光 n. 上光剂；抛光；擦亮
What does Nora mean by saying that she needs time to polish her writing (教材P54)
诺拉说她需要时间来润色她的作品是什么意思？
★情境探究
e.g.①I need to polish up my Spanish before my trip to Peru.
我需要在去秘鲁旅行之前练习一下我的西班牙语。
②The cream buns and sausage rolls were polished off in no time.
转眼之间， 奶油面包和腊肠卷就被一扫而光。
③I still remember how long it took to polish the legs of our coffee table.
我依然记得擦亮我们的咖啡桌子腿儿要花多长时间。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)polish up 擦光；润饰；使完美
polish off 很快做完；(尤指)很快吃完
(2)polished adj. 磨光的；擦亮的；娴熟的
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①Each morning he would shave and polish up his shoes.
②Guests are coming. She has to polish off the plates on the table.
【升级加黑词汇】
③John is a skilled worker, for which the boss speaks highly of him. polished
plicated adj.复杂的；难懂的
While in the beginning such songs and stories had a very simple format, over time they became more complicated and more polished. (教材P58)
虽然这些歌曲和故事最初的格式非常简单，但随着时间的推移，它们变得更加复杂和精致。
★情境探究
e.g.①The story gets complicated fast, and it’s a fascinating story.
这个故事很快变得复杂起来，这是一个引人入胜的故事。
②Though complicated in detail, local taxes are in essence simple.
虽然细节复杂，地方税本质上是简单的。
③George took out a bunch of keys and went to work on the complicated lock.
乔治掏出一串钥匙，去设法开这把复杂的锁。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)get complicated 变得复杂
(2)complicate v. 使复杂化
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①The event will only make the task more complicated (complicate) than expected.
【完成句子】
②The issue gets complicated by the fact that a vital document is missing.
由于缺少一份重要文件，问题变得复杂了。
11. variation n. 变化；变体；变奏曲
Dream Variation, for example. It was one of his most celebrated poems. The poem is about the dream of a world free of inequality and racial prejudice. (教材P58)
比如说，梦境的变化。这是他最著名的诗歌之一。这首诗是关于一个没有不平等和种族偏见的世界的梦想。
★情境探究
e.g.①The dial records very slight variations in pressure.
该刻度盘能显示很微小的压力变化。
②One variation on vertical farming that has been developed is to grow plants in stacked trays that move on rails.
垂直农业发展出来的一个变化是，在堆叠的、在轨道上移动的托盘上种植植物。
③The human population contains a great variety of genetic variation, but drugs are tested on just a few thousand people.
人类群体中有各种各样的基因变异，但是药物只在几千人身上进行测试。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)vary v. 使不同；变化；改变
(2)variety n. 多样性
a variety of 各种各样的
(3)various adj. 各种各样的；多种(类型)的；不同的
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①This soup is a spicy variation (vary) on a traditional favourite.
②Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various (vary).
【完成句子】
③He made a tool on his own which could be used in a variety of/various ways.
他自己做了一个工具，可以用各种方法来使用它。
12. prejudice n. 偏见；成见 vt.使怀有(或形成)偏见
The poem is about the dream of a world free of inequality and racial prejudice. (教材P58)
这首诗是关于一个没有不平等和种族偏见的世界的梦想。
★情境探究
e.g.①She has prejudice against popular music.
她对流行音乐有偏见。
②Racism is a deeply rooted prejudice which has existed for thousands of years.
种族主义是一种已存在了数千年的根深蒂固的偏见。
③This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.
这表明英国人对待口音的态度有很深的根源，并且是建立在阶级偏见的基础之上。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)have prejudice against... 对……有偏见
(2)prejudice sb against... 使某人对……有偏见
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①She tried to prejudice me against Mrs Hilton.
【完成句子】
②We shouldn’t have prejudice against older applicants.
我们不应当对年长一些的申请者有偏见。
IV、练习提升
(I)阅读理解
A
4 Poetry Collections to Read and Enjoy
In honor of National Poetry Month, celebrated every April, we’re sharing a roundup of poetry collections that have been published within the last year.
Black Girl You Are Atlas
By Renee Watson, illustrated by Ekua Holmes
Renee Watson, the best-selling author of Ways to Make Sunshine, draws from her childhood for some of these poems, which include haiku and free verse. The subjects range from racial injustice to self-love. The artwork is spectacular.
Ages 12 and up
In and Out the Window
By Jane Volen, illustrated by Cathrin Peterslund
In addition to being the author of more than 350 novels, Jane Yolen is an esteemed poet. This new collection includes more than 100 of her works on popular childhood topics including school, animals, and sports. One title: “On My Toes: A True Story. ”
Ages 8-12
Poetry Comics
By Grant Snider illustrated by Leo Dawson
The dozens of short poems in this collection are written and illustrated in comic panels. The book contains four chapters—one for each season of the year. Titles for the spring poems include “Bubbles,” “Balloon Story,” and “Tadpole.” The subjects for the poems feel fresh and fun.
Ages 8-12
She’ll Be the Sky
By Ela Risbridger, illustrated by Anna Shepeta
Dozens of female poets, including Amanda Gorman, contributed to this collection. Topics range from animals to activism. Most poems are accompanied by a full-page color illustration.
Ages 8 and up
1. Which book is tailored for readers who are over 12 years old
A. Poetry Comics. B. She’ll Be the Sky.
C. In and Out the Window. D. Black Girl You Are Atlas.
2. What is Poetry Comics about
A. Animals and activism. B. Four seasons of the year.
C. Popular childhood topics. D. Racial injustice and self-love.
3. What is the purpose of the text
A. To fascinate poetry-goers. B. To advertise 4 poetry collections.
C. To celebrate National Poetry Month. D. To comment on 4 poetry collections.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了四本诗集。
1. 细节理解题。根据题干关键词“over 12 years old”超过十二岁定位到原文第一本诗集Black Girl You Are Atlas中的“Ages 12 and up（12岁及以上）”可知，over对应up，Black Girl You Are Atlas是为12岁以上的读者量身定制的。故选D项。
2. 细节理解题。根据题干关键词Poetry Comics定位到原文第三本诗集中的“The book contains four chapters—one for each season of the year.（这本书有四章，每一章是关于一年中的一个季节）”可知，Poetry Comics是关于一年四季的。故选B项。
3. 推理判断题。根据第一段“In honor of National Poetry Month, celebrated every April, we’re sharing a roundup of poetry collections that have been published within the last year.（为了庆祝每年四月的国家诗歌月，我们将分
享过去一年出版的诗歌集。）”可知，文章的目的是庆祝每年四月的国家诗歌月。A项为吸引诗歌迷。干扰项B为4本诗集做广告，而原文未提关于购买的花费和方式，不属于广告。干扰项D为了评论4本诗集，不是写作的目的。故选C项。
B
More excited than ever, Benjamin Giroux, a 10-year- old boy with autism (自闭症), came home from school on April 7. To celebrate National Poetry Month, his fifth-grade teacher asked her students to write a poem about themselves and every sentence should begin with an “I”.
Benjamin couldn’t wait to start writing his poem, so he sat down and didn’t look up until he finished it. He showed the poem to his parents, who immediately choked up.
“I am odd (奇怪的). I am new. ” Benjamin wrote in the poem. “I wonder if you are too. I hear voices in the air. I see you don’t and that’s not fair. I feel like a boy in outer space. I touch the stars and feel out of place.”
“At first, we feel hurt that he feels lonely, misunderstood and odd at school,” Mr Giroux said. “As the poem goes on, we realize that he understands that he’s odd and that so is everyone else in their own way. This is what Benjamin wants everyone to know.”
Benjamin was supposed to read his poem aloud to the class the following day, but upon waking up that morning, he refused to go to school and stayed at home. He didn’t think his poem was any good, so his dad posted it on the Internet in the hope of getting some encouraging comments from families and friends. When the National Autism Association saw the poem, they posted it on their page, where thousands of strangers shared how much the poem inspired them. The family has heard from hundreds of parents thanking Benjamin for showing how their own kids may be feeling at school.
4. Why did Benjamin feel excited on April 7
A. He wrote a good poem. B. He was praised at school.
C. He had a poem to finish. D. He had good news to share.
5. How did Benjamin’s parents feel upon reading the poem
A. Touched. B. Worried. C. Surprised. D. Sad.
6. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A. Everyone has odd hobbies. B. Everyone is odd as they are.
C. Everyone is worth respecting. D. Everyone has their own lifestyle.
7. What happened to Benjamin’s poem after being posted on the Internet
A. It received many thanks. B. It caused a heated debate.
C. It was read aloud in his class. D. It changed parents’ ideas about raising kids.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位患有自闭症的小男孩写了一首诗，道出了自闭症患者的心声，这引起了广泛的关注，得到了很多家长的感谢。
4. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Benjamin couldn’t wait to start writing his poem, so he sat down and didn’t look up until he finished it. (本杰明迫不及待地想开始写诗，所以他坐下来，直到写完才抬起头来)”可知，Benjamin之所以激动是因为他要写诗。故选C。
5. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He showed the poem to his parents, who immediately choked up.(他把这首诗给父母看，父母立刻哽咽了)”和第四段中的““At first, we feel hurt that he feels lonely, misunderstood and odd at school,” Mr Giroux said.(Giroux先生说：“起初，我们感到很难过，因为他在学校感到孤独、被误解和格格不入。”)”可知，父母刚看到Benjamin写的诗时是比较难过的，因为他们觉得儿子在学校感到孤独、被误解和格格不入。故选D。
6. 词句猜测题。根据第四段划线单词前面的句子“As the poem goes on, we realize that he understands that he’s odd and that so is everyone else in their own way.(随着这首诗的继续，我们意识到他明白自己很奇怪，其他人也有自己的方式)”可知，当他的父母读完诗的时候，他们才意识到每个人都很奇怪，并且每个人都是独特的，都是不一样的，这正是Benjamin 希望每个人都知道的。所以This指的是“每个人都是奇怪的”。故选B。
7. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The family has heard from hundreds of parents thanking Benjamin for showing how their own kids may be feeling at school.(这家人收到了数百名家长的来信，感谢本杰明展示了他们自己的孩子在学校的感受)”可知，Benjamin的诗发到网上后收到了很多家长的感谢。故选A。
(II)七选五
A great poem makes you want to get out of your chair and pace around the room. 8 . But if you haven’t developed your. poetry taste in a while, that feeling might be a little hard to tap into. Here are four tips that can help you get there.
Read aloud and out loud
When reading a poem, it is important to remember that it is not just words on a page, but is meant to be heard or read aloud. 9 . It will enhance the appreciation of the piece.
10
Approaching poetry with a perspective of finding connections between the poem and one’s own life can be a valuable tool for appreciating the poem more. Connecting to the emotions, memories and even the same life
experiences can help to relate more to the poem and in turn, truly appreciate it. Through this connection to the poem, we can better understand the feelings, actions and words of the poem.
Create a dialogue
More often than not, a lot of hidden or “unsaid” messages are delivered in poetry. 11 . A fruitful discussion about a poem can help readers to understand the poem more, through their different interpretations and opinions.
Write your own poem
12 . As you write your own poem, think about the structure you want to create, the literary devices you want to employ and the emotion you want to arouse. As you write your own poem, you will see your appreciation of the original poem rise, as you gain a sense of the effort that goes into crafting a poem. In this way, it can become much easier to appreciate the poem being read.
A. Find connections
B. Pair poetry with other art forms
C. Writing can be a great way to start your appreciation of a poem
D. It makes you want to throw your hands up and show it to somebody
E. Reading the poem aloud helps you understand the emotion of the poet fully
F. Having a discussion around a poem allows readers to bring out these messages
G. Possessing a critical eye allows readers to appreciate the art of poetry in a meaningful way
【答案】8. D 9. E 10. A 11. F 12. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文就如何欣赏诗歌提出了几个建议。
8. 根据上文“A great poem makes you want to get out of your chair and pace around the room.”（一首伟大的诗会让你想从椅子上站起来，在房间里走来走去）可知，选项与上文为并列关系，都是在描写读到好诗时的举止表现。故D选项“它让你想要举起双手给别人看”切题。故选D项。
9. 根据上文“When reading a poem, it is important to remember that it is not just words on a page, but is meant to be heard or read aloud.”（ 读诗时，重要的是要记住，它不仅仅是纸上的文字，而是要被听到或大声朗读）可知，选项承接上文说明大声朗读的作用。故E选项“大声朗读这首诗可以帮助你充分理解诗人的情感”切题。故选E项。
10. 根据下文“Approaching poetry with a perspective of finding connections between the poem and one’s own life can be a valuable tool for appreciating the poem more. Connecting to the emotions, memories and even the same life experiences can help to relate more to the poem and in turn, truly appreciate it.”（从寻找诗歌与自己生活之
间的联系的角度来看待诗歌，可以成为更好地欣赏诗歌的宝贵工具。将情感、记忆甚至相同的生活经历联系起来，可以帮助你更多地与诗歌联系起来，反过来，真正欣赏它）可知，本段主要讲讲诗歌和个人经历联系起来。故A选项“寻找联系”切题，为本段的标题。故选A项。
11. 根据下文“A fruitful discussion about a poem can help readers to understand the poem more, through their different interpretations and opinions.”（对一首诗进行富有成效的讨论可以帮助读者通过不同的理解和观点来更好地理解这首诗）可知，上文介绍了的是发现诗歌隐含的信息的方法是讨论。故F选项“围绕一首诗进行讨论可以让读者发现这些信息”切题。故选F项。
12. 根据标题“Write your own poem”（写诗）以及下文“As you write your own poem, think about the structure you want to create, the literary devices you want to employ and the emotion you want to arouse.”（当你写自己的诗时，想想你想要创造的结构，你想要使用的文学手法，以及你想要唤起的情感）可知，选项说的是写作在欣赏诗歌中的作用。故C选项“写作是开始欣赏一首诗的好方法”切题。故选C项。
(III)完形填空
Long ago, poems were recited loud instead of being written down. Back when the Greeks first started the Olympics, they held poetry 1 as well as athletic competitions.
Now, poetry competitions have been revived. This year 120,000 high school students competed in the first Poetry Out Loud national recitation competition, 2 poems from memory for $100,000 in prize money.
The first competitions were held in classrooms. The winners went on to school wide contests, and then they competed in city and state competitions. 3 , the 50 state champions, along with the 4 of the District of Columbia came to Washington D.C. last week for the last showdown. After the 51 champions competed 5 another, 12 went on to the 6 . Then the field was narrowed to five. The final five had one last chance to “perform” a poem. The overall champ, Jackson Hille, a high school senior from Ohio, 7 a $20,000 scholarship. The National Endowment for the Arts and the Poetry Foundation 8 Poetry Out Loud, because they realized that hearing a poem performed is a different experience from 9 it on a page.
It’s not just a matter of saying the words in the right order. It’s the tone of 10 , the pauses, the gestures and the attitude of the person performing that bring the 11 to life. “Each time we hear somebody recite a poem, we understand again what we found 12 and interesting about it,” said National Public Radio Broadcaster Scott Simon, master of ceremonies for the finals. Hearing it in a new voice offers something new to the listeners.
Not only do the people hearing poems have a(n) 13 experience, but 14 and presenting poems helps the participants understand those poems in a new way. Another 15 of a competition such as Poetry Out Loud
is that the participants learn public speaking skills that can help them for life.
1. A. connections B. contests C. contacts D. compositions
2. A. performing B. hearing C. admiring D. comprehending
3. A. However B. Besides C. Finally D. Therefore
4. A. poet B. performer C. student D. champion
5. A. against B. for C. in D. at
6. A. finals B. competitions C. activities D. ceremonies
7. A. awarded B. won C. rewarded D. achieved
8. A. set off B. set up C. put off D. put out
9. A. acquiring B. finding C. hearing D. reading
10. A. drama B. rhyme C. voice D. poetry
11. A. literature B. history C. art D. words
12. A. fresh B. innocent C. amusing D. confusing
13. A. wonderful B. pleasant C. unforgettable D. new
14. A. learning B. writing C. memorizing D. selecting
15. A. feature B. benefit C. satisfaction D. option
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. C 11. D 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国的高中沿袭了以往希腊人的做法，发起了诗歌朗诵比赛。12万名高中生参加了首届“大声朗诵诗歌”全国朗诵比赛，他们凭记忆朗诵表演诗歌，奖金为10万美元。朗诵诗歌不仅让朗诵者以全新的方式更深刻地理解诗歌的内涵，也让听者有个更新的体验。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当希腊人第一次举办奥运会时，他们不仅举行体育比赛，还举行诗歌比赛。A. connections联系，关联；B. contests比赛；C. contacts联系，联络；D. compositions作品，作文。与后文“as well as athletic competitions(还有体育比赛)”中“competitions(比赛)”相呼应，这里应是“contests”。故选B项。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年，12万名高中生参加了首届“大声朗诵诗歌”全国朗诵比赛，他们凭记忆朗诵表演诗歌，奖金为10万美元。A. performing表演；B. hearing听到，听说；C. admiring钦佩，羡慕，欣赏；D. comprehending理解。根据前文“This year 120,000 high school students competed in the first Poetry Out Loud national recitation competition(今年，12万名高中生参加了首届“大声朗诵诗歌”全国朗诵比赛)”可知，这是诗歌朗诵比赛，即，将诗歌用朗诵的方式表达或表演出来。故选A项。
3. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，50个州的优胜者和哥伦比亚特区的优胜者上周来到华盛顿进行最后的
对决。A. However然而；B. Besides况且，此外；C. Finally最后，终于；D. Therefore因此。根据后文“for the last showdown(为了最后的决战)”可知，该句讲述的是最后的比赛。故选C项。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，50个州的优胜者和哥伦比亚特区的优胜者上周来到华盛顿进行最后的对决。A. poet诗人；B. performer表演者；C. student学生；D. champion冠军，优胜者。根据后文“the 51 champions(51个优胜者)”可知，这里应是“champion”，各区的优胜者共51个，进行最后的角逐。故选D项。
5. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：51名优胜者互相竞争后，12名进入决赛。A. against反对，抵抗；B. for为了；C. in在……里；D. at在（某处）。 分析可知，51名优胜者互相竞争。“compete against”，固定短语，意为“对抗，竞争”。故选A项。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：51名优胜者互相竞争后，12名进入决赛。A. finals决赛；B. competitions比赛，竞争；C. activities活动；D. ceremonies庆典。结合语境可知，“After the 51 champions competed ____5____ another, 12 went on to the ____6____ .(51名优胜者互相竞争后，12名进入……)”应是表达“12名选手进入决赛”。故选A项。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：总冠军是来自俄亥俄州的高中生杰克逊·希尔，他赢得了2万美元的奖学金。A. awarded授予，奖励；B. won获得，赢得；C. rewarded奖赏，给以报酬；D. achieved实现，完成。“a $20,000 scholarship(2万美元奖学金)”是总冠军Jackson Hille赢得的奖金。故选B项。
8. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：美国国家艺术基金会和诗歌基金会设立了“大声朗诵诗歌”，因为他们意识到，听别人朗诵诗歌和在纸上读诗歌是不同的体验。 A. set off启程，引爆，引发；B. set up建立，设立；C. put off推迟，使反感；D. put out扑灭，发布。分析语境可知，“The National Endowment for the Arts and the Poetry Foundation(国家艺术和诗歌基金会)”是该比赛的主办方，即，设立了这次比赛。故选B项。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国国家艺术基金会和诗歌基金会设立了“大声朗诵诗歌”，因为他们意识到，听别人朗诵诗歌和在纸上读诗歌是不同的体验。A. acquiring习得，得到；B. finding找到，发现；C. hearing听到，听说；D. reading阅读。根据后文“on a page(在一页纸上)”可推知，这里应是表述“在纸上读诗”。故选D项。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：是声音的语调、停顿、手势和表演者的态度赋予了这些词生命。A. drama戏剧；B. rhyme押韵；C. voice声音，嗓音；D. poetry诗集，诗歌。与后文“the pauses, the gestures…(那些停顿，那些手势……)”相呼应，这里应是指读诗时的语气语调，“the tone of voice”意为“说话的语气，语调”。故选C项。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：是声音的语调、停顿、手势和表演者的态度赋予了这些词生命。A. literature文学；B. history历史；C. art艺术；D. words单词，语言，话。与前文“It’s not just a matter of saying the words in the right order.(这不仅仅是按照正确的顺序说出单词的问题。)”中的“the words”表达相同，这里应是
“words”。故选D项。
12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“每次我们听到有人背诵一首诗，我们就会重新理解其中的新鲜和有趣之处，”全国公共广播电台广播员、决赛主持人斯科特·西蒙说。A. fresh新鲜的；B. innocent纯真的，无辜的；C. amusing逗人发笑的，有趣的；D. confusing令人困惑的。根据后文“Hearing it in a new voice offers something new to the listeners.(用一种新的声音来听会给听众带来一些新的东西。)”可知，听别人将诗朗诵出来可以带来新鲜感。故选A项。
13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：听诗的人不仅有一种新的体验，而且记忆和呈现诗歌有助于参与者以一种新的方式理解这些诗歌。A. wonderful精彩的，绝妙的；B. pleasant令人愉快的，惬意的；C. unforgettable难忘的；D. new新的，刚出现的。与前文“Hearing it in a new voice offers something new to the listeners.(用一种新的声音来听会给听众带来一些新的东西。)”为同义表达，这里应是“new”，表达“新的体验”。故选D项。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：听诗的人不仅有一种新的体验，而且记忆和呈现诗歌有助于参与者以一种新的方式理解这些诗歌。A. learning学习，了解；B. writing写作，书写；C. memorizing记住，熟记；D. selecting选择，挑选。根据前文“recite a poem(背诵一首诗)”可推知，诗朗诵是需要将诗歌熟记的。故选C项。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：参加像“大声朗诵诗歌”这样的比赛的另一个好处是，参与者可以学到对他们一生有益的公开演讲技巧。A. feature特色，特征；B. benefit优势，益处；C. satisfaction满足，满意；D. option选择，选择权。分析语境可知，“the participants learn public speaking skills that can help them for life(参与者可以学到对他们一生有益的公开演讲技巧)”讲述的是参加诗歌朗诵比赛的另一个好处。故选B项。选择性必修三 Unit 5 重点词汇及短语拓展
I. Unit 5重点词汇及拓展
1. __________ n. 悲伤；悲痛；伤心事 vi.感到悲伤→__________ adj.悲伤的
2. __________ n. 形象的描述、意象→__________ n. 形象、印象
3. __________ adj. 文学的、爱好文学的→__________ n. 文学
4. __________ n. 押韵词；押韵的短诗vi.& vt.(使)押韵→__________ n. 节奏；韵律；规律
5. __________ n. 护士→__________ adj. 幼儿教育的 n. 托儿所、保育室
6. __________ vt.背诵；吟诵；列举→__________ n. 背诵
7. __________ adv.分别；各自；依次为→__________adj.分别的；各自的
8. __________ n. 理解力；领悟力；理解练习→__________ v. 理解；领悟；懂→__________ adj. 理解的、领悟的
9. __________ n. 平民、老百姓→__________ adj. 国内的、平民的
10. __________ adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的→__________ n. 同情；赞同
11. __________ n. 天真；单纯；无罪→__________ adj.天真无邪的；无辜的；无恶意的
12. __________ n. 来往信件；通信联系→__________ vi.相一致；符合；相当于；通信
13. __________ adj.首要的；占支配地位的；显著的→__________ n. 统治；支配
14. __________ n. 变化；变体；变奏曲→vary v. (使)不同；改变；变化→__________ adj.不同的；各种各样的→__________ n. 多样性
15. __________ adj.种族的；人种的→__________ n. 种族
16. __________ n. 偏见；成见 vt.使怀有(或形成)偏见→__________ adj.有偏见的
17. __________ n. 悲伤、悲痛→__________ v. 使......悲伤、悲痛
18. __________ adj.复杂的；难懂的→__________ v. 使复杂化
II.Unit 5重点短语和句型
一、重点短语
1. to the point ____________________ 2. make sense ____________________
3. be made up of ____________________ 4. be popular with ____________________
5. translate...into... ____________________ 6. choose from ____________________
7. fall in love with ____________________ 8. carry out ____________________
9. pay attention to ____________________ 10. make a living ____________________
11. be sure about ____________________ 12. with delight ____________________
13. keep up with ____________________ 14. hold onto ____________________
15. make a list of ____________________ 16. in addition to ____________________
17. in the beginning ____________________
二、重点句型
1. 句型公式：why引导定语从句
教材原句：There are various reasons why people compose poetry.
翻译：________________________________________。
【分析点拨】
当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系副词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导，且why只能引导限制性定语从句。why可以用“for which”来代替。
e.g. ①Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.
孟子认为人区别于动物的原因就在于人性本善。
②Can you tell me the reason why you are unhappy
你可以告诉我你为什么不开心吗？
③That’s the reason why I’m checking it now.
那就是我现在检查的原因。
2. 句型公式：主语＋be＋adj.＋动词不定式
教材原句：The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite.
翻译：____________________________________________________________。
【分析点拨】
(1)动词不定式在该句型中用主动形式表示被动意义。
(2)常用于该句型的形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词，如hard, difficult, pleasant, easy, comfortable, interesting等。
(3)在意义上，动词不定式和主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系；当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，要加适当的介词。
e.g. ①People settle in these places because they are easy to get to.
这些地方容易到达，人们就在此定居下来。
②This sweater I just bought online is hard to wash.
我刚从网上买的这件毛衣很难洗。
③The problem at the meeting yesterday is hard to deal with.
昨天会上的问题很难处理。
【多维运用】
(1)单句语法填空
①He lent his new pen to me, which is easy to write _________.
(2)完成句子
②He thinks that long sentences in this text ________________________________________.
他认为这篇课文中的长句子很难记住。
3. 句型公式：while此处用作并列连词，强调前后分句的对比
教材原句：Some rhyme (like B and C), while others do not.
翻译：________________________________________。
【分析点拨】
连词while主要有以下用法：
(1)连接两个并列分句，表示对比关系，意为“而；然而”。
(2)引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”；也可引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然”。
【名师点津】while引导时间状语从句时，从句的谓语动词通常是延续性动词，强调主从句的两个动词同时发生。
e.g. ①Some students are outgoing, while some are shy, yet they can be good friends.
有些学生很外向，有些学生则很害羞，但他们却能成为好朋友。
②He likes pop music while I am fond of folk music.
他喜欢流行音乐，而我却喜欢民间音乐。
③Some people believe smoking is harmful to health, while others consider smoking is helpful for reducing working pressure.
一些人认为吸烟有害健康，而另一些人则认为吸烟有助于减轻工作压力。
【多维运用】
(1)写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all. _________
②While online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive. __________
③While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep. _______________
(2)完成句子
④Lily enjoys diving, ____________________.
莉莉喜爱跳水，而你喜欢游泳。
4. 句型公式：that引导表语从句
教材原句：The reason is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.
翻译：________________________________________。
【分析点拨】
引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether，连接代词和连接副词以及as if, as though, because等连词。引导表语从句的that通常不省略，但在口语或非正式文体中有时也可省略。当句子主语为表示原因的名词(+定语从句)等时，表语从句引导词应该用that。
e.g. ①The reason is that you haven’t eaten any vegetables.
原因是你没有吃蔬菜。
②Part of the reason is that physical education test scores are now worth more on the senior high school entrance examination.
部分原因是，现在体育考试成绩在高中入学考试中的比重更大。
③The most basic reason why dialects should be preserved is that language helps to retain a culture.
方言应该被保留的最基本的原因是语言有助于保留文化。
5. 句型公式：the first＋名词＋不定式短语作定语
教材原句：Tagore was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
翻译：________________________________________。
【分析点拨】
the first/ second..., the last, the only, the next以及这些词修饰的名词后常接不定式作定语。
e.g. ① China is the first country to produce paper money.
中国是第一个生产纸币的国家。
②Charles Kao was the only ethnic Chinese scientist to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2009.
高锟是唯一一位获得2009年诺贝尔物理学奖的华裔科学家。
③His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.
他下个月出版的第一本书是根据一个真实的故事改编的。
6. 句型公式：wherever引导让步状语从句
教材原句：Wherever it blew, I should know that the wind had been going there too.
翻译：____________________________________________________________。
【分析点拨】
wherever引导让步状语从句，表示“不管在(到)哪里”，相当于no matter where。它也可以引导地点状语从句，表示“在……的任何(所有)地方”，与where, anywhere, everywhere 用法相似。
e.g. ①His influence is so strong that crowds of followers freeze onto him wherever he goes.
他颇有影响力，无论走到哪里，都有成群的追随者跟着他。
②Wherever you find high wages, you will generally find high prices.
哪里有高工资，哪里一般就有高物价。
③Being recognized wherever you go is the price you pay for being famous.
出名所付出的代价是不管你走到哪里，都会被人认出来。
7. 句型公式：过去分词短语作状语
教材原句：Based on what you have learnt about Fan Zhongyan and Su Shi from this book, what do you think they have in common
翻译：____________________________________________________________？
【分析点拨】
过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作，作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注
意人称一致。如果过去分词作状语时，前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构。
e.g. ①Faced with so many things to learn, I was overcome by fear and was at a loss what to do.
面对这么多要学的东西，我感到恐惧，不知道该做什么。
②Written in a hurry, this article was not so good!
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
③Her head held high, she went by.
她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去。
III.知识点精讲：考点精析
1. sorrow n. 悲伤；悲痛；伤心事 vi.感到悲伤
Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow. (教材P50)
其他诗则试图表达某些情感，如喜悦和悲伤。
★情境探究
e.g.①To his sorrow, his whole house was destroyed in the earthquake.
令他悲伤的是，他的整座房子都在地震中被毁掉了。
②They said that the decision was made more in sorrow than in anger.
他们说作出这个决定，与其说是出于气愤，不如说是出于悲伤。
③The depth of your sorrow made me see that you have a kind heart.
你如此悲伤，让我觉得你心地善良。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)to one’s sorrow 让某人悲伤的是
express one’s sorrow at/for sth 对某事表示悲痛
(2)sorrow over sth 对某事感到悲伤
(3)sorrowful adj. 悲伤的
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①The people present at the meeting sorrowed __________ his death.
②As a matter of fact, he daren’t look up to see her __________ (sorrow) eyes.
【完成句子】
③____________________ , none of them were in favour of him.
让他悲伤的是，他们中没有人支持他。
make sense讲得通；有意义
The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. (教材P50)
这些诗可能没有意义，甚至看起来矛盾，但它们很容易学习和背诵。
★情境探究
e.g.①It makes sense to buy the most uptodate version.
买最新的版本是明智的。
②Some Internet buzzwords can only make sense with the context of Internet.
有一些网络流行语只有在网络语境下才讲得通。
③He wanted to communicate something; but I couldn’t make sense of what he was saying.
他想交流些什么；但我不明白他在说什么。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)make sense of... 理解/明白……的意思
It makes sense to do sth 做某事是有意义的
make no sense 无意义
(2)in a sense 从某种意义上说
in no sense 决不(置于句首时，句子要部分倒装)
a sense of direction/humour/duty 方向感/幽默感/责任感
There is no sense in doing sth 做某事没有道理/毫无意义
【名师点津】make sense的主语通常是物，而make sense of的主语通常是人。
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①Your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t make sense __________ (buy) the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
②Planning so far ahead makes __________ sense—so many things will have changed by next year.
【同义句转换】
③The issue can in no sense be said to be resolved.
→____________________ the issue be said to be resolved.(用倒装句式改写)
be made up of由……组成(构成)
Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines. (教材P51)
另一种业余爱好者可以轻松书写的简单诗歌形式是五行诗，它由五行组成。
★情境探究
e.g.①A life worth living should be made up of continuous efforts and progress.
只有不断努力和进步，才能成就有意义的生活。
②Then, the population was 150, and was made up of mostly farmers and their families.
那时，人口只有150人，主要由农民和他们的家人组成。
③The next day, a medical team made up of the world’s top medical experts came to the hospital.
第二天，一个由世界顶级医学专家组成的医疗小组来到了医院。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
be made up of＝be composed of＝consist of 由……组成(构成)
make up 编造；化妆；和好；组成；构成
make up for 弥补
be made of 由……制成(从制成品中能看出原材料)
be made from 由……制成(从制成品中一般看不出或很难看出原材料)
be made in 在……制造
be made into 被制成……
【名师点津】be made of 和be made from都表示“由……制成”，区别在于后者看不出原材料。
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①Nothing can make up __________ the deaths of so many people.
②Books are made __________ paper, while paper is made __________ wood.
【同义句转换】
③The team consists of twenty members.
→The team ____________________ twenty members.
→Twenty members __________ the team.
4. mood n. 情绪；心情；语气
With these, you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words. (教材P51)
有了这些，你可以用几句话传达一幅强烈的图画或一种特定的情绪。
★情境探究
e.g.①I’m in a good mood today, actually. How about you
事实上，我今天心情很好。你呢？
②Today, we’re in the mood for chicken.
今天我们想吃鸡肉。
③It is widely accepted that having not enough sleep can leave people in a bad mood.
人们普遍认为睡眠不足会让人心情不好。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)in a bad/good mood 心情不好/好
in the mood for sth 想做某事；有心情做某事
(2)moody adj. 情绪多变的；脾气坏的
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①He is clearly __________ a good mood today.
②As is often the case, she is __________ (mood), which makes her friends upset.
【完成句子】
③I’m ____________________ a long discussion about this problem.
我没有心情长时间地讨论这个问题。
5. respectively adv.分别；各自；依次为
It has a format of three lines, containing 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively. (教材P51)
俳句有三行格式，分别包含5、7和5个音节。
★情境探究
e.g.①Julie Wilson and Mark Thomas are aged 17 and 19 respectively.
朱莉·威尔逊和马克·托马斯的年龄分别为17岁和19岁。
②Both Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively.
波音公司和空中客车公司都对他们最新的飞机787和A350的效率大加赞赏。
③Two of the eight pandas, named Long Sheng and Qing Feng, were born in 2000 and 2007 respectively.
八只大熊猫中有两只分别出生在2000年和2007年，名叫“龙升”和“清风”。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)respecting prep. 关于；考虑到
(2)respective adj. 分别的；各自的
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①__________ (respect) his age and experience, he has done quite good work.
②Their sons were three and six __________ (respective).
【完成句子】
③They are each recognised specialists ____________________ .
他们在各自的领域都被视为专家。
comprehension n. 理解力；领悟力；理解练习
Poetry comprehension (教材P51)
诗歌理解
★情境探究
e.g.①This microscope reveals things beyond comprehension.
这个显微镜能揭秘不可思议之物。
②Your reading speed and comprehension are tested during this exercise.
你的阅读速度和理解能力将在这个练习中得到测试。
③She had no comprehension of what was involved.
她不明白所涉及的事情。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)beyond comprehension 无法理解；不可思议
(2)comprehend v. 理解；领悟；懂
(3)comprehensive adj. 详尽的；全部的
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①She couldn’t __________ (comprehension) how someone would risk people’s lives in that way.
②For most of the people, what he did was really beyond __________ (comprehend).
【升级加黑词汇】
③She was so young that she couldn’t understand their behaviour. __________
7. core n. 核心；精髓；(水果的)核儿
The purpose of literary criticism is to get to the core of the the text and discover what message the author is attempting to convey. (教材P52)
文学批评的目的是深入到文本的核心，发现作者试图传达的信息。
★情境探究
e.g.①Concern for the environment is at the core of our policies.
对环境的关注是我们政策的核心。
②The team is built around a core group of players.
这个队是以几名骨干队员为核心构建的。
③The core subjects are English, mathematics and science.
必修课程为英语、数学和科学。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
to the core 极度地；十足；直至核心
at the core of 处于……的中心；成为……的核心
★学以致用
(1)单句语法填空
①The apple is rotten __________ the core.
②Central processing unit is __________ the core of the computer.
(2)完成句子
③To him the family is ____________________.
对他来说，家庭是社会的核心。
8. blank adj.空白的；无图画(或韵律、装饰)的；没表情的 n. 空白；空格
Blank verse is probably one of the most common and influential forms of English poetry. (教材P52)
无韵诗可能是英语诗歌中最常见和最有影响力的形式之一。
★情境探究
e.g.①When he took the exam, he was so nervous that his mind went blank.
他考试时太紧张了，以至于他的大脑突然一片空白。
②He looked blank, as if he had no idea who she was.
他露出迷茫的神情，好像不认识她似的。
③My mind was a blank and I couldn’t remember her name.
我脑子里是一片空白，记不起她的名字了。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
go blank (头脑)突然一片空白
look blank 茫然若失
★学以致用
【写出下列句中黑体词的含义】
①Jane sat at the desk, staring at the blank screen.__________
②Somehow he had a blank expression on his face.__________
③All of a sudden, my mind was a complete blank.__________
【同义句转换】
④All of a sudden, ____________________.(用形容词blank改写句③)
9. polish vt.修改；润色；抛光 n. 上光剂；抛光；擦亮
What does Nora mean by saying that she needs time to polish her writing (教材P54)
诺拉说她需要时间来润色她的作品是什么意思？
★情境探究
e.g.①I need to polish up my Spanish before my trip to Peru.
我需要在去秘鲁旅行之前练习一下我的西班牙语。
②The cream buns and sausage rolls were polished off in no time.
转眼之间， 奶油面包和腊肠卷就被一扫而光。
③I still remember how long it took to polish the legs of our coffee table.
我依然记得擦亮我们的咖啡桌子腿儿要花多长时间。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)polish up 擦光；润饰；使完美
polish off 很快做完；(尤指)很快吃完
(2)polished adj. 磨光的；擦亮的；娴熟的
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①Each morning he would shave and polish __________ his shoes.
②Guests are coming. She has to polish __________ the plates on the table.
【升级加黑词汇】
③John is a skilled worker, for which the boss speaks highly of him. __________
plicated adj.复杂的；难懂的
While in the beginning such songs and stories had a very simple format, over time they became more complicated and more polished. (教材P58)
虽然这些歌曲和故事最初的格式非常简单，但随着时间的推移，它们变得更加复杂和精致。
★情境探究
e.g.①The story gets complicated fast, and it’s a fascinating story.
这个故事很快变得复杂起来，这是一个引人入胜的故事。
②Though complicated in detail, local taxes are in essence simple.
虽然细节复杂，地方税本质上是简单的。
③George took out a bunch of keys and went to work on the complicated lock.
乔治掏出一串钥匙，去设法开这把复杂的锁。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)get complicated 变得复杂
(2)complicate v. 使复杂化
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①The event will only make the task ____________________ (complicate) than expected.
【完成句子】
②The issue ______________________________ a vital document is missing.
由于缺少一份重要文件，问题变得复杂了。
11. variation n. 变化；变体；变奏曲
Dream Variation, for example. It was one of his most celebrated poems. The poem is about the dream of a world free of inequality and racial prejudice. (教材P58)
比如说，梦境的变化。这是他最著名的诗歌之一。这首诗是关于一个没有不平等和种族偏见的世界的梦想。
★情境探究
e.g.①The dial records very slight variations in pressure.
该刻度盘能显示很微小的压力变化。
②One variation on vertical farming that has been developed is to grow plants in stacked trays that move on rails.
垂直农业发展出来的一个变化是，在堆叠的、在轨道上移动的托盘上种植植物。
③The human population contains a great variety of genetic variation, but drugs are tested on just a few thousand people.
人类群体中有各种各样的基因变异，但是药物只在几千人身上进行测试。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)vary v. 使不同；变化；改变
(2)variety n. 多样性
a variety of 各种各样的
(3)various adj. 各种各样的；多种(类型)的；不同的
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①This soup is a spicy __________ (vary) on a traditional favourite.
②Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are __________ (vary).
【完成句子】
③He made a tool on his own ______________________________.
他自己做了一个工具，可以用各种方法来使用它。
12. prejudice n. 偏见；成见 vt.使怀有(或形成)偏见
The poem is about the dream of a world free of inequality and racial prejudice. (教材P58)
这首诗是关于一个没有不平等和种族偏见的世界的梦想。
★情境探究
e.g.①She has prejudice against popular music.
她对流行音乐有偏见。
②Racism is a deeply rooted prejudice which has existed for thousands of years.
种族主义是一种已存在了数千年的根深蒂固的偏见。
③This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.
这表明英国人对待口音的态度有很深的根源，并且是建立在阶级偏见的基础之上。
★要点突破
【归纳拓展】
(1)have prejudice against... 对……有偏见
(2)prejudice sb against... 使某人对……有偏见
★学以致用
【单句语法填空】
①She tried to prejudice me __________ Mrs Hilton.
【完成句子】
②We shouldn’t ______________________________.
我们不应当对年长一些的申请者有偏见。
IV、练习提升
(I)阅读理解
A
4 Poetry Collections to Read and Enjoy
In honor of National Poetry Month, celebrated every April, we’re sharing a roundup of poetry collections that have been published within the last year.
Black Girl You Are Atlas
By Renee Watson, illustrated by Ekua Holmes
Renee Watson, the best-selling author of Ways to Make Sunshine, draws from her childhood for some of these poems, which include haiku and free verse. The subjects range from racial injustice to self-love. The artwork is spectacular.
Ages 12 and up
In and Out the Window
By Jane Volen, illustrated by Cathrin Peterslund
In addition to being the author of more than 350 novels, Jane Yolen is an esteemed poet. This new collection includes more than 100 of her works on popular childhood topics including school, animals, and sports. One title: “On My Toes: A True Story. ”
Ages 8-12
Poetry Comics
By Grant Snider illustrated by Leo Dawson
The dozens of short poems in this collection are written and illustrated in comic panels. The book contains four chapters—one for each season of the year. Titles for the spring poems include “Bubbles,” “Balloon Story,” and “Tadpole.” The subjects for the poems feel fresh and fun.
Ages 8-12
She’ll Be the Sky
By Ela Risbridger, illustrated by Anna Shepeta
Dozens of female poets, including Amanda Gorman, contributed to this collection. Topics range from animals to activism. Most poems are accompanied by a full-page color illustration.
Ages 8 and up
1. Which book is tailored for readers who are over 12 years old
A. Poetry Comics. B. She’ll Be the Sky.
C. In and Out the Window. D. Black Girl You Are Atlas.
2. What is Poetry Comics about
A. Animals and activism. B. Four seasons of the year.
C. Popular childhood topics. D. Racial injustice and self-love.
3. What is the purpose of the text
A. To fascinate poetry-goers. B. To advertise 4 poetry collections.
C. To celebrate National Poetry Month. D. To comment on 4 poetry collections.
B
More excited than ever, Benjamin Giroux, a 10-year- old boy with autism (自闭症), came home from school on April 7. To celebrate National Poetry Month, his fifth-grade teacher asked her students to write a poem about themselves and every sentence should begin with an “I”.
Benjamin couldn’t wait to start writing his poem, so he sat down and didn’t look up until he finished it. He showed the poem to his parents, who immediately choked up.
“I am odd (奇怪的). I am new. ” Benjamin wrote in the poem. “I wonder if you are too. I hear voices in the air. I see you don’t and that’s not fair. I feel like a boy in outer space. I touch the stars and feel out of place.”
“At first, we feel hurt that he feels lonely, misunderstood and odd at school,” Mr Giroux said. “As the poem goes on, we realize that he understands that he’s odd and that so is everyone else in their own way. This is what Benjamin wants everyone to know.”
Benjamin was supposed to read his poem aloud to the class the following day, but upon waking up that
morning, he refused to go to school and stayed at home. He didn’t think his poem was any good, so his dad posted it on the Internet in the hope of getting some encouraging comments from families and friends. When the National Autism Association saw the poem, they posted it on their page, where thousands of strangers shared how much the poem inspired them. The family has heard from hundreds of parents thanking Benjamin for showing how their own kids may be feeling at school.
4. Why did Benjamin feel excited on April 7
A. He wrote a good poem. B. He was praised at school.
C. He had a poem to finish. D. He had good news to share.
5. How did Benjamin’s parents feel upon reading the poem
A. Touched. B. Worried. C. Surprised. D. Sad.
6. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A. Everyone has odd hobbies. B. Everyone is odd as they are.
C. Everyone is worth respecting. D. Everyone has their own lifestyle.
7. What happened to Benjamin’s poem after being posted on the Internet
A. It received many thanks. B. It caused a heated debate.
C. It was read aloud in his class. D. It changed parents’ ideas about raising kids.
(II)七选五
A great poem makes you want to get out of your chair and pace around the room. 8 . But if you haven’t developed your. poetry taste in a while, that feeling might be a little hard to tap into. Here are four tips that can help you get there.
Read aloud and out loud
When reading a poem, it is important to remember that it is not just words on a page, but is meant to be heard or read aloud. 9 . It will enhance the appreciation of the piece.
10
Approaching poetry with a perspective of finding connections between the poem and one’s own life can be a valuable tool for appreciating the poem more. Connecting to the emotions, memories and even the same life experiences can help to relate more to the poem and in turn, truly appreciate it. Through this connection to the poem, we can better understand the feelings, actions and words of the poem.
Create a dialogue
More often than not, a lot of hidden or “unsaid” messages are delivered in poetry. 11 . A fruitful discussion about a poem can help readers to understand the poem more, through their different interpretations and opinions.
Write your own poem
12 . As you write your own poem, think about the structure you want to create, the literary devices you want to employ and the emotion you want to arouse. As you write your own poem, you will see your appreciation of the original poem rise, as you gain a sense of the effort that goes into crafting a poem. In this way, it can become much easier to appreciate the poem being read.
A. Find connections
B. Pair poetry with other art forms
C. Writing can be a great way to start your appreciation of a poem
D. It makes you want to throw your hands up and show it to somebody
E. Reading the poem aloud helps you understand the emotion of the poet fully
F. Having a discussion around a poem allows readers to bring out these messages
G. Possessing a critical eye allows readers to appreciate the art of poetry in a meaningful way
(III)完形填空
Long ago, poems were recited loud instead of being written down. Back when the Greeks first started the Olympics, they held poetry 1 as well as athletic competitions.
Now, poetry competitions have been revived. This year 120,000 high school students competed in the first Poetry Out Loud national recitation competition, 2 poems from memory for $100,000 in prize money.
The first competitions were held in classrooms. The winners went on to school wide contests, and then they competed in city and state competitions. 3 , the 50 state champions, along with the 4 of the District of Columbia came to Washington D.C. last week for the last showdown. After the 51 champions competed 5 another, 12 went on to the 6 . Then the field was narrowed to five. The final five had one last chance to “perform” a poem. The overall champ, Jackson Hille, a high school senior from Ohio, 7 a $20,000 scholarship. The National Endowment for the Arts and the Poetry Foundation 8 Poetry Out Loud, because they realized that hearing a poem performed is a different experience from 9 it on a page.
It’s not just a matter of saying the words in the right order. It’s the tone of 10 , the pauses, the gestures and the attitude of the person performing that bring the 11 to life. “Each time we hear somebody recite a poem, we
understand again what we found 12 and interesting about it,” said National Public Radio Broadcaster Scott Simon, master of ceremonies for the finals. Hearing it in a new voice offers something new to the listeners.
Not only do the people hearing poems have a(n) 13 experience, but 14 and presenting poems helps the participants understand those poems in a new way. Another 15 of a competition such as Poetry Out Loud is that the participants learn public speaking skills that can help them for life.
1. A. connections B. contests C. contacts D. compositions
2. A. performing B. hearing C. admiring D. comprehending
3. A. However B. Besides C. Finally D. Therefore
4. A. poet B. performer C. student D. champion
5. A. against B. for C. in D. at
6. A. finals B. competitions C. activities D. ceremonies
7. A. awarded B. won C. rewarded D. achieved
8. A. set off B. set up C. put off D. put out
9. A. acquiring B. finding C. hearing D. reading
10. A. drama B. rhyme C. voice D. poetry
11. A. literature B. history C. art D. words
12. A. fresh B. innocent C. amusing D. confusing
13. A. wonderful B. pleasant C. unforgettable D. new
14. A. learning B. writing C. memorizing D. selecting
15. A. feature B. benefit C. satisfaction D. option
