必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元培优综合测试卷
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分 37. 5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2024·重庆·三模）ONE CEREMONY, SEVERAL FIRSTS
The Opening Ceremony of the 2024 Olympic Games will be bold, original and unique. On 26 July 2024, Paris 2024 will offer an Opening Ceremony that is certain to join the most memorable moments in Olympic history.
A ceremony outside a stadium
For the first time in the history of the Olympic Summer Games, the Opening Ceremony will not take place in a stadium. Paris 2024 is breaking new ground by bringing sports and the Opening Ceremony into the city, set to be held in the heart of the city along its main river: the Seine (塞纳河).
A ceremony on the river
Taking on a new look, the parade of athletes will be held on the Seine with boats for each national delegation (代表团). These boats will be equipped with cameras to allow television and online viewers to see the athletes up close. Winding their way from east to west, the 10,500 athletes will cross through the centre of Paris.
A ceremony with free admission for many spectators
Holding a ceremony open to a large audience, with no admission fee for most of its spectators, is a major first. Fans won’t need tickets to access the upper quays (码头), but those wishing to access the lower quays will need to buy tickets. Eighty giant screens and strategically placed speakers will allow everyone to enjoy the magical atmosphere of this show throughout Paris.
A ceremony designed for and by athletes
By opening with the parade of athletes, Paris 2024 is breaking with tradition. Athletes will be featured on stage during the introduction to and throughout the ceremony as part of Paris 2024’s constant aim to hold Games created for and by athletes.
1．Where will the Opening Ceremony of Paris 2024 be held
A．On the quays beside the Seine.
B．In the city center along the Seine.
C．In a stadium near the heart of Paris.
D．On the eastern and western ends of Paris.
2．What do we know about the admission fee
A．No admission fee is required.
B．Access to the lower quays is free.
C．Tickets should be bought for the upper quays.
D．Some viewers pay for watching the ceremony.
3．What is the main idea of this text
A．The history of the Olympics. B．The procedure of Paris 2024.
C．The novel points of a ceremony. D．The charging rules of a ceremony.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了2024 巴黎奥运会开幕式的创新点。
1．细节理解题。根据A ceremony outside a stadium部分中“Paris 2024 is breaking new ground by bringing sports and the Opening Ceremony into the city, set to be held in the heart of the city along its main river: the Seine (塞纳河). (2024年巴黎奥运会开创了新的局面，将体育和开幕式带入城市，将在城市中心的主要河流塞纳河沿岸举行。)”可知， 2024 巴黎奥运会在城市中心、塞纳河畔举行。故选 B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三个小标题“A ceremony with free admission for many spectators (许多观众可以免费入场的仪式)”以及A ceremony with free admission for many spectators部分中“Fans won’t need tickets to access the upper quays (码头), but those wishing to access the lower quays will need to buy tickets. (球迷不需要门票进入上层码头，但那些希望进入下层码头的人将需要购买门票。)”可知， 部分观众需要支付费用观看开幕式。故选 D。
3．主旨大意题。根据文章标题“ONE CEREMONY, SEVERAL FIRSTS (一个仪式，几个第一)”及文章中各个小标题“A ceremony outside a stadium (体育场外的仪式)”、“A ceremony on the river (河上的仪式)”、“A ceremony with free admission for many spectators (许多观众可以免费入场的仪式)”、“A ceremony designed for and by athletes (为运动员设计的仪式)”可知，本文介绍了2024 巴黎奥运会开幕式的新颖点。故选 C。
B
（23-24高三上·黑龙江·期中）Living on the Florida Emerald Coast, people view a hurricane (飓风) ‘as a common thing. So it is not unusual for a family to have several full gas cans and bottled water stored in their houses all summer.
Though unwilling to evacuate (撤离) from a hurricane, on September 15, my family was forced to leave our
home for my grandfather’s house several miles away. We spent the early part of that evening watching the hurricane draw closer on the Weather Channel. Around nine o’clock, a loud sound shook the house, turned over the roof and carried it off. Soon came an indoor rainstorm.
Realizing the damage, my grandfather began to be afraid. The storm had started, but he still ran out into the heavy rain and wind to see how much of the roof was left. We got him back inside. I had never seen him so scared. Mom finally asked him to lie down in his room.
The leak (渗漏) had progressed rapidly. It soon became a race against time to protect what to be saved. Some people may think it necessary to save material things, but I hoped to save those items with emotional value, such as the photos. I still feared the storm, but I more feared the influence it brought.
The next morning, it started to clear up. Thankfully, my family came safely through the storm, though the same could not be said for the house. Only the wooden beams (梁) remained, but inside many of the things were safe. My mom and I had worked tirelessly through the night.
It was late, but we were still unwilling to go to bed. We discussed the rebuilding of the house. Under the beautiful sky, we suggested looking after my grandfather more often in the future. After this disaster, I realized the truth that the hurricane itself was not so terrible if we loved each other.
4．What can we infer from the first paragraph
A．Many residents living near the coast tend to leave the place.
B．Many residents are unwilling to prepare for hurricanes.
C．Hurricanes often strike the Florida Emerald Coast.
D．Hurricanes seldom hit the Florida Emerald Coast.
5．Why did the author’s grandfather go out into the rain and wind
A．To protect something outside. B．To see the condition of the roof.
C．To avoid the danger in the house. D．To know how serious the rain was.
6．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph
A．Why the author feared the storm. B．How the storm influenced the house.
C．How people helped each other in the storm. D．What the author was ready to save from the storm.
7．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 mean
A．The house contained many valuable things. B．The house was destroyed in the disaster.
C．The house could be easy to repair. D．The house survived the hurricane.
【答案】4．C 5．B 6．D 7．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家度过飓风的经历，作者也在这次经历中意识到了亲情的珍贵和强大。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Living on the Florida Emerald Coast, people view a hurricane (飓风) ‘as a common thing. So it is not unusual for a family to have several full gas cans and bottled water stored in their houses all summer. (生活在佛罗里达翡翠海岸的人们认为飓风是一件很平常的事情。因此，一个家庭在整个夏天都有几个装满汽油的罐子和瓶装水，这并不罕见)”可知，人们要储存汽油罐和瓶装水是为了为飓风做好准备，可知飓风经常袭击佛罗里达翡翠海岸。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The storm had started, but he still ran out into the heavy rain and wind to see how much of the roof was left (暴风雨已经开始了，但他还是冒着大雨和大风跑了出去，看看屋顶还剩下多少)”，可知作者的祖父冒着风雨出去是为了看看屋顶的状况。故选B。
6．段落大意题。根据第四段中“Some people may think it necessary to save material things, but I hoped to save those items with emotional value, such as the photos. I still feared the storm, but I more feared the influence it brought.(有些人可能认为有必要保存物质上的东西，但我希望保存那些有情感价值的东西，比如照片。我仍然害怕风暴，但我更害怕它带来的影响)”可知，第四段主要讲述作者准备从风暴中拯救什么。故选D。
7．词句猜测题。根据前半句“Thankfully, my family came safely through the storm (谢天谢地，我的家人安全度过了风暴)”， though表示前后的对比；以及后句“Only the wooden beams(梁)remained (只剩下木梁了)”可知，第五段中带下划线的句子though the same could not be said for the house是指房子在灾难中被毁了。A. The house contained many valuable things房子里有许多贵重物品；B. The house was destroyed in the disaster房子在灾难中被毁了；C. The house could be easy to repair这所房子可能很容易修理；D. The house survived the hurricane这所房子在飓风中幸存下来。故选B。
C
（2024·湖南长沙·三模）Rogues (疯狗浪), called “extreme storm waves” by scientists, are large, unexpected, and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). These abnormal waves, which happen every day and all over the world, are highly unpredictable and can destroy ships that meet with them.
Rogue waves appear to form when large rough waves pass through one another, combining to form huge walls of water, according to NOAA．However, why and where they appear is unclear. But using 700 years’ worth of ocean data including historical records and data from buoys (浮标) in 158 locations around the world,
researchers have now created a system for predicting these “huge beasts”.
“They are caused by a combination of many factors that, until now, have not been combined into a single risk assessment,” said lead author Dion H fner. H fner and his co-workers mapped the factors that may lead to rogue waves and used AI to make a single model that could determine the likelihood that a rogue wave will form.
The team trained a neural network using historical wave data. This generated a system that learned the causes of rogue waves by itself and could work to predict them. But the AI’s methods were hid in a black box. This means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings. So H fner’s team applied another form of machine learning, which produced an equation (综合体) when fed data, rather than just a single prediction, helping the researchers to understand how the AI reached its predictions.
“Our analysis demonstrates that abnormal waves occur all the time. In fact, we registered 100,000 waves in our data set that can be defined as rogue waves,” H fner said. This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave, H fner added, and can better protect ships from being destroyed as the sail around the world. Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might arise to seek an alternative course.
8．How does the author introduce the topic
A．By using an example. B．By giving a definition.
C．By drawing a comparison. D．By making an assumption.
9．What can the system do according to paragraph 2
A．Monitor huge sea creatures. B．Guide ships around in the sea.
C．Prevent rouge waves from occurring. D．Forecast the hitting of rogue waves.
10．What is the disadvantage of the AI’s methods
A．They aren’t visually available. B．They depend on too many factors.
C．They make inaccurate predictions. D．They don’t process data systematically.
11．How does H fner find the system
A．It requires more field tests. B．It has been widely used.
C．It needs further improvement. D．It has a promising future.
【答案】8．B 9．D 10．A 11．D
【导语】本文是说明文。“疯狗浪”被科学家称为“极端风暴波”，是一种巨大的、意想不到的、危险的海浪。研究人员发明了一个系统，该系统可以有效显示“疯狗浪”的迹象，更好地保护在世界各地航行的船只免受破
坏。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Rogues (疯狗浪), called “extreme storm waves” by scientists, are large, unexpected, and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). These abnormal waves, which happen every day and all over the world, are highly unpredictable and can destroy ships that meet with them.(据美国国家海洋和大气管理局称，“疯狗浪”被科学家称为“极端风暴波”，是一种巨大的、意想不到的、危险的海浪，其高度至少是周围其他海浪的两倍。这些异常的海浪在世界各地每天都有发生，非常难以预测，可能会摧毁遇到它们的船只。)” 再结合下文中关于“疯狗浪”的介绍可知，作者主要通过对“疯狗浪”下定义来引入话题。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“why and where they appear is unclear…researchers have now created a system for predicting these ‘huge beasts’.( 它们出现的原因和地点尚不清楚。但是，利用700年来的海洋数据，包括历史记录和来自世界各地158个地点的浮标数据，研究人员现在创建了一个预测这些“巨兽”的系统。)”可知，疯狗浪出现的原因和地点尚不清楚，因此，研究人员创建了一个系统来预测这些“巨兽”。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But the AI’s methods were hid in a black box. This means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings.(但人工智能的方法隐藏在一个黑盒子里。这意味着科学家无法知道人工智能是如何工作的。)”可知，人工智能的方法被藏在一个黑箱里，这意味着科学家无法知道人工智能是如何工作的。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave, H fner added, and can better protect ships from being destroyed as the sail around the world. Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might arise to seek an alternative course.( H fner补充说：“该系统可以有效地显示异常浪的迹象，并且可以更好地保护航行在世界各地的船只。船只公司可以使用该设备和该系统来预测何时何地可能出现异常海浪，以寻求替代航线。”)”可知，他认为这个系统有着很好的发展前景。故选D。
D
（2024·广西南宁·二模）In Japan, the new year began with disaster as a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula (能登半岛) on the country’s western edge on Monday. More than 2,000 active fault lines (断层线) lie beneath Japan, making it one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world.
Many scientists have long considered earthquake forecasting to be impossible. But given recent improvements in artificial intelligence, some researchers have been studying whether that could change.
Last fall, researchers at the University of Texas at Austin increased such hopes for earthquake prediction with
a seven-month trial in China. In all, the algorithm (演算法) successfully forecast 14 earthquakes, each within about 200 miles of its actual epicenter (震中). Meanwhile, it missed one quake and predicted eight that never happened. The trial was part of an international A．I.-design competition, one of a few such events held in recent years to advance earthquake prediction technologies.
Sergey Fomel, a geoscientist at UT Austin and a member of the research team, says in a statement. “We’re not yet close to making predictions for anywhere in the world, but what we achieved tells us that what we thought was an impossible problem is solvable in principle.”
Additionally, machine learning could help detect hidden patterns in data or collect more data to better inform earthquake forecasting, Hutchison writes for MIT Technology Review. For example, some researchers are showing how A．I. might use recordings from a specific seismic site to anticipate an earthquake’s magnitude. One team has built and trained neural networks to predict where aftershocks may occur after an initial strike. And others are using machine learning to identify and extract seismic waves—the vibrations that spread through the earth during tectonic activity (构造活动)—from other noises in the ground.
12．What’s the function of the first paragraph
A．To explain a concept. B．To introduce a new topic.
C．To supply a summary. D．To provide an example.
13．What made some researchers optimistic about the earthquake forecasting
A．The recent progress in theories. B．The use of traditional methods.
C．The increasing number of earthquakes. D．The advancements in artificial intelligence.
14．What do we know from the third paragraph
A．The trial was conducted by Chinese. B．The algorithm was totally successful.
C．A．I. shows promise in earthquake prediction. D．The A．I. competition only focused on earthquakes.
15．What is the best title for the passage
A．Japan’s Vulnerability to Earthquakes B．Helper in Predicting Earthquakes—A．I.
C．The Impossibility of Earthquake Prediction D．International Efforts to Predict Earthquakes
【答案】12．B 13．D 14．C 15．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了经过试验发现，人工智能在地震预测方面大有前途，并给出详细的例子。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“In Japan, the new year began with disaster as a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula (能登半岛) on the country’s western edge on Monday. More than 2,000 active fault lines (断层线) lie beneath Japan, making it one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world.(在日本，新的一年从灾难中开始，周一，该国西部边缘的诺托半岛发生了7.5级地震。日本地下有2000多条活动断层带，使其成为世界上地震最频繁的国家之一)”可推知，第一段的作用是引入一个新话题。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“But given recent improvements in artificial intelligence, some researchers have been studying whether that could change.(但鉴于最近人工智能的进步，一些研究人员一直在研究这种情况是否会改变)”可知，人工智能的进步让一些研究人员对地震预报持乐观态度。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“In all, the algorithm (演算法) successfully forecast 14 earthquakes, each within about 200 miles of its actual epicenter (震中). Meanwhile, it missed one quake and predicted eight that never happened.(该算法总共成功预测了14次地震，每次地震都在震中200英里以内。与此同时，它错过了一次地震，并预测了8次从未发生的地震)”可知，人工智能在地震预测方面大有前途。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Many scientists have long considered earthquake forecasting to be impossible. But given recent improvements in artificial intelligence, some researchers have been studying whether that could change.(许多科学家一直认为地震预报是不可能的。但鉴于最近人工智能的进步，一些研究人员一直在研究这种情况是否会改变)”结合文章主要说明了经过试验发现，人工智能在地震预测方面大有前途，并给出详细的例子。可知，B选项“预测地震的帮手——人工智能”最符合文章标题。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·重庆·模拟预测）This summer, climate change continues to push Earth’s weather to extremes. 16 We invite some experts to discuss the science behind exercising in the heat, how to keep your body safe, and what to do if you suspect you or someone you’re with has heat exhaustion.
17 If you had a heavy meal like a cheeseburger, you’ll want to wait two to three hours before your hot outdoor exercise, since that fat and protein-rich meal will take even longer to move through the digestive process. Should you eat after that hot run No. You can hydrate right away, but wait until you’ve cooled off to eat. That’s because digesting food will delay getting your body back to its usual temperature.
Protect your skin — it’s the body’s cooling system. Your skin and related tissues are incredibly designed to move warm blood away from your core to keep your vital organs cool. Any damage to your skin or the underlying tissue prevents your body from being able to air condition itself. To protect your skin, start with sunscreen.
18 .
Wear materials that will help your body breathe. 19 Wear sweat-wicking athletic clothing that allows your skin to cool. Avoid materials like cotton that basically keep the heat close to your body.
Hydrate before, during and after exercise. Dehydration can really happen to you. 20 Besides, keep drinking while you’re working out.
A．Don’t eat right before you head out.
B．Try more heat-friendly forms of exercise.
C．The type of suitable clothing you wear can also help you stay cool.
D．But high outside temperatures in a dry climate can also be dangerous.
E．Is a daytime run or bike ride in hot summer weather OK for our bodies
F．And consider wearing sun-protective clothing that blocks the sun, and include a hat.
G．Make sure you are drinking water at least an hour before you head out to exercise.
【答案】16．E 17．A 18．F 19．C 20．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些高温天气下在户外锻炼的建议。
16．根据上文“This summer, climate change continues to push Earth’s weather to extremes.(今年夏天，气候变化继续将地球的天气推向极端)”以及后文“We invite some experts to discuss the science behind exercising in the heat, how to keep your body safe, and what to do if you suspect you or someone you’re with has heat exhaustion.(我们邀请了一些专家来讨论在高温下运动背后的科学，如何保证你的身体安全，以及如果你怀疑你或你的伴侣患有中暑该怎么做)”可知，本句主要过渡句，引出炎热天气是否适合运动的疑问。故E选项“在炎热的夏天白天跑步或骑自行车对我们的身体好吗？”符合语境，故选E。
17．根据后文“If you had a heavy meal like a cheeseburger, you’ll want to wait two to three hours before your hot outdoor exercise, since that fat and protein-rich meal will take even longer to move through the digestive process. Should you eat after that hot run No. You can hydrate right away, but wait until you’ve cooled off to eat. That’s because digesting food will delay getting your body back to its usual temperature.(如果你吃了一顿像芝士汉堡这样的大餐，你会想等两到三个小时再进行户外运动，因为富含脂肪和蛋白质的大餐需要更长的时间才能通过消化过程。热跑之后你应该吃东西吗？不。你可以马上补充水分，但要等到身体冷却后再吃。这是因为消化食物会延迟你的身体恢复正常体温)”可知，本段的建议是出门前不要吃太多东西。故A选项“出门前不要吃东西”符合语境，故选A。
18．根据本段主旨句“Protect your skin — it’s the body’s cooling system.(保护你的皮肤——这是身体的冷却系
统)”可知，本段主要建议保护皮肤。前文“To protect your skin, start with sunscreen.(为了保护你的皮肤，从防晒霜开始)”讲述了可以使用防晒霜来保护皮肤，空处应是其他保护皮肤的方式，F项“并考虑穿宽松、轻便、能遮挡阳光的衣服。”建议穿有防晒作用的衣服，符合题意。故选F。
19．根据上文“Wear materials that will help your body breathe.(穿有助于身体呼吸的衣服)”以及后文“Wear sweat-wicking athletic clothing that allows your skin to cool. Avoid materials like cotton that basically keep the heat close to your body.(穿吸汗的运动服，让皮肤降温。不要穿棉质之类的衣服，因为它们能让热量接近你的身体)”可知，本段主要就穿的衣服提出了建议，C选项中clothing对应后文clothing。故C选项“选择合适的衣服也能让你保持凉爽”符合语境，故选C。
20．根据上文“Hydrate before, during and after exercise. Dehydration can really happen to you.(在运动前、运动中和运动后补充水分。脱水真的会发生在你身上)”可知，本句主要是建议补充水分。故G选项“确保你在出门锻炼前至少一个小时喝水”符合语境，故选G。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·广东肇庆·二模）Elmer Whitaker sighed as he looked over his muddy crops. A terrible 21 had swept through his farm the night before, and his crops were now covered in 22 and destroyed. His neighbor, a kind young man named Thomas, 23 to offer his help.
"What a disaster, “Whitaker said.” My whole family has always survived on the harvests of this field. I feel 24 and don't know what to do now.
Thomas calmed him down and thought for a moment. “I see this not as a disaster but as an 25 ,” he said. Whitaker looked at him 26 . “How can it be ” he asked. Thomas smiled 27 , “Now you have a chance to try something new. You’ve always grown beans and cabbages. Why not try planting 28 crops that will also fit in this soil You can diversify and therefore 29 your farm once again.”
Elmer Whitaker considered this. Thomas was right-he had become set in his ways. This disaster could push him to make his farm 30 and sustainable in a new way. “You have 31 me,” Whitaker said. He clapped Thomas on the back. “Thank you for showing me the opportunity in this difficulty. ”
And so Whitaker 32 new crops and soon, the farm was full of life again. Farmers from neighboring towns were 33 with the wonder of Whitaker’s fields, and they began to 34 their crops as well. Elmer Whitaker’s farm has become a 35 of adaptability and hope, telling everyone that in
every storm, there is a chance for new growth.
21．A．force B．smoke C．war D．storm
22．A．mud B．grass C．mist D．dust
23．A．went on B．set off C．came by D．burst in
24．A．special B．desperate C．sensitive D．tireless
25．A．opportunity B．agreement C．intention D．element
26．A．as usual B．in disbelief C．on purpose D．with pride
27．A．innocently B．gratefully C．politely D．cheerfully
28．A．major B．traditional C．different D．natural
29．A．restore B．exchange C．donate D．abandon
30．A．formal B．diverse C．realistic D．obvious
31．A．informed B．demanded C．enlightened D．promised
32．A．tasted B．planted C．shared D．received
33．A．careful B．troubled C．familiar D．impressed
34．A．diversify B．remove C．deliver D．observe
35．A．manner B．dream C．symbol D．cause
【答案】21．D 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．A 26．B 27．D 28．C 29．A 30．B 31．C 32．B 33．D 34．A 35．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Elmer Whitaker的农场受灾后，开始多样化种植作物，Elmer Whitaker的农场已经成为适应性和希望的象征，告诉每个人，在每一次风暴中，都有新的成长机会。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：前一天晚上，一场可怕的风暴席卷了他的农场，他的庄稼现在被泥土覆盖，被摧毁了。A. force武力；B. smoke烟雾；C. war战争；D. storm风暴，暴风雨。根据前文的“he looked over his muddy crops”和后文的“What a disaster”可知，这是一场灾难，而且灾难过后庄被泥土覆盖，所以结合选项可知，storm意思合适。故选D项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：前一天晚上，一场可怕的风暴席卷了他的农场，他的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖，被摧毁了。A. mud泥浆；B. grass 草；C. mist雾；D. dust灰尘。根据前文的“he looked over his muddy crops”可知，Whitaker看着泥泞的庄稼，所以他的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖。故选A项。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他的邻居，一个名叫Thomas的善良的年轻人，过来帮忙。A. went on继续；B. set off出发；C. came by过来；D. burst in闯进。根据前文的“his crops were now covered in 2 and
destroyed”和后文“to offer his help”可知，他的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖，被摧毁了，所以一个名叫Thomas的善良的年轻人过来帮忙。故选C项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到绝望，不知道现在该怎么办。A. special特殊的；B. desperate绝望的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. tireless不知疲倦的。根据前文的“his crops were now covered in 2 and destroyed”和“My whole family has always survived on the harvests of this field”可知，他的庄稼现在被泥土覆盖，被摧毁了，他的全家一直靠这片田地的收成生存，所以他感到绝望。故选B项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我认为这不是灾难，而是机会，”他说。A. opportunity机会；B. agreement协议；C. intention意图；D. element要素。根据后文的“Now you have a chance to try something new.”可知，现在有机会尝试新事物，所以Thomas认为这不是灾难，而是机会。故选A项。
26．考查固定短语辨析。句意：Whitaker难以置信地看着他，问道:“这怎么可能？”A. as usual和往常一样；B. in disbelief难以置信；C. on purpose故意地；D. with pride骄傲地。根据后文的“How can it be ”可知，Whitaker认为这不可能，觉得难以置信。故选B项。
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Thomas高兴地笑着说:“现在你有机会尝试新事物了。你总是种豆子和卷心菜。为什么不尝试种植适合这种土壤的不同作物呢？你可以多样化，从而再次恢复你的农场。”A. innocently无辜地；B. gratefully感激地；C. politely礼貌地；D. cheerfully高兴地。根据前文的“smiled”和后文“Now you have a chance to try something new”可知，Thomas认为现在Whitaker有机会尝试新事物了，所以高兴地笑着说。故选D项。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Thomas高兴地笑着说:“现在你有机会尝试新事物了。你总是种豆子和卷心菜。为什么不尝试种植适合这种土壤的不同作物呢？你可以多样化，从而再次恢复你的农场。”A. major主要的；B. traditional传统的；C. different不同的；D. natural自然的。根据后文的“You can diversify”可知，Thomas建议Whitaker多样化种植，即种植不同的作物。故选C项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Thomas高兴地笑着说:“现在你有机会尝试新事物了。你总是种豆子和卷心菜。为什么不尝试种植适合这种土壤的不同作物呢？你可以多样化，从而再次恢复你的农场。”A. restore恢复；B. exchange交换；C. donate捐赠；D. abandon放弃。根据前文的“and his crops were now covered in 2 and destroyed”和后文“your farm once again”可知，Whitaker的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖，被摧毁了，所以此处指尝试种植适合这种土壤的不同作物，从而再次恢复农场。故选A项。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这场灾难可能会促使他以一种新的方式使他的农场多样化和可持续发展。A. formal正式的；B. diverse多样的；C. realistic现实主义的；D. obvious明显的。根据前文的“You can diversify”和“Thomas was right-he had become set in his ways.”可知，Thomas建议Whitaker多样化种植，Whitaker
认为Thomas是对的，应该使他的农场多样化。故选B项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你启发了我，”Whitaker说。A. informed通知；B. demanded需要；C. enlightened启发；D. promised许诺。根据前文的“This disaster could push him to make his farm 10 and sustainable in a new way.”可知，Whitaker认为Thomas是对的，认为这场灾难可能会促使他以一种新的方式使他的农场多样化和可持续发展，所以Whitaker认为Thomas启发了自己。故选C项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是Whitaker种上了新作物，很快，农场又充满了生机。A. tasted品尝；B. planted种植；C. shared共享；D. received收到。根据后文的“new crops and soon, the farm was full of life again”可知，农场又充满了生机，所以可以看出Whitaker种上了新作物。故选B项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：邻近城镇的农民对Whitaker的神奇田地印象深刻，他们也开始多样化种植作物。A. careful小心的；B. troubled陷入困境的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. impressed印象深刻的。根据后文的“with the wonder of Whitaker’s fields”可知，邻近城镇的农民对Whitaker的神奇田地印象深刻。故选D项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：邻近城镇的农民对Whitaker的神奇田地印象深刻，他们也开始多样化种植作物。A. diversify (使)多样化；B. remove去除；C. deliver交付；D. observe看到。根据前文的“You can diversify”、“Thomas was right”和“their crops as well”可知，Whitaker种上了多种作物，邻近城镇的农民也开始多样化种植作物。故选A项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Elmer Whitaker的农场已经成为适应性和希望的象征，告诉每个人，在每一次风暴中，都有新的成长机会。A. manner方式；B. dream梦想；C. symbol象征；D. cause原因。根据后文的“of adaptability and hope, telling everyone that in every storm, there is a chance for new growth”可知，Elmer Whitaker的农场已经成为适应性和希望的象征。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2024·辽宁·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The main structure of the Datengxia water resources management facility in Southwest China has been completed four months ahead 36 schedule, the Ministry of Water Resources said on Saturday.
The project, 37 is located in the Xijiang River, has eight power generation 38 (unit), each with an installed capacity of 200,000 kilowatts (千瓦). It can 39 (annual) generate more than 6 billion kilowatt hours of electricity.
In cooperation with other reservoirs (水库), the project can help Wuzhou, a city with 40 population of over 2.8 million in Guangxi, deal with once-in-a-hundred-year floods. Previously, the city was only able to hold
floods that occur once every 50 years. The project also enables some cities in the Pearl River Delta 41 (resist) floods that happen once every two centuries.
The ministry said the Datengxia facility will also provide strong support for rural development, offering irrigation (灌溉) water to 80,000 hectares of farmland and 42 (address) drinking water shortage for almost 1.4 million people in Guangxi.
The project has already played 43 (significance) roles in the past three years when it was put into trial operation. For example, in June last year, it helped prevent 44 store about 700 million cubic meters of floodwater when the Xijiang River 45 (hit) by a flood. In the peak, it reduced water flow by 3,500 cubic meters per second.
【答案】36．of 37．which 38．units 39．annually 40．a 41．to resist 42．addressing 43．significant 44．and 45．was hit
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道，报道了大藤峡水资源管理项目的竣工及它对广西水利枢纽的影响。
36．考查介词。句意：水利部周六表示，中国西南部大藤峡水资源管理设施的主体结构已提前四个月完工。ahead of schedule意思为：提前，为固定短语。故填of。
37．考查定语从句。句意：该项目位于西江流域，共有8台发电机组，每台装机容量为20万千瓦。分析句子可知，空处缺少关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为project，作从句的主语，表示事物，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
38．考查名词。句意同上。unit意思为：单元，此处为与eight搭配，用名词复数形式units。故填units。
39．考查副词。句意：它每年可以产生超过60亿千瓦时的电力。空处修饰动词generate，用副词作状语。故填annually。
40．考查冠词。句意：与其他水库合作，该项目可以帮助广西梧州这个拥有280多万人口的城市应对百年一遇的洪水。a population of意思为：人口数量为，其后搭配人口数，符合题意。故填a。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目还使珠江三角洲的一些城市能够抵御每两个世纪发生一次的洪水。enable sb. to do sth.为固定短语，意思为：让某人做某事，空处缺少不定式作宾补。故填to resist。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：该部表示，大藤峡设施还将为农村发展提供强有力的支持，为8万公顷农田提供灌溉用水，并解决广西近140万人的饮用水短缺问题。分析句子结构可知，空处与offering并列，为非谓语动词，作结果状语，表示自然的结果，用现在分词表示主动。此处address意思为“解决”。故填addressing。
43．考查形容词。句意：该项目在试运行的三年中已经发挥了重要作用。空处缺少形容词作定语修饰roles，
用significant。故填significant。
44．考查连词。句意：例如，去年6月，当西江遭遇洪水时，它帮助防止和储存了大约7亿立方米的洪水。prevent与store为动词的并列，为顺承关系，此处用and连接。故填and。
45．考查动词时态和语态。句意同上。when引导时间状语从句，空处缺少谓语，结合句子意思可知，描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，主语西江和hit构成被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为单数。故填was hit。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
（2024·江西萍乡·二模）你校最近开展了一次消防演练活动，请你为校英文报写一份主题为“Focus on Fire Safety, Cherish Life”的新闻报道，内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 活动过程和感受。
注意：1. 写作同数应为80个左右。
2. 参考词汇：灭火器 fireextinguishers; 消防栓 fire hydrants
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】In order to enhance the fire safety awareness and emergency response capabilities of the students, a fire drill themed “Focus on Fire Safety, Cherish Life” was successfully conducted in our school.
Initially, professional firefighters were invited to deliver on-site explanations and demonstrated the correct usage of fire extinguishers and fire hydrants. Then, during the drill, the moment the alarm sounded, all students covering their mouths and noses with wet towels bent down low, and promptly evacuated to a safe area in an orderly manner according to the predetermined escape route.
Through this fire drill, not only did we acquire essential fire prevention knowledge and skills but our fire safety awareness was further strengthened.
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生以“Focus on Fire Safety, Cherish Life”为主题，为学校近期开展的消防演
练活动写一篇新闻报道。
【详解】1.词汇积累
进行：conduct→carry out
展示：demonstrate→show
一……就……：the moment→instantly
获得：acquire→obtain
2.句型拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In order to enhance the fire safety awareness and emergency response capabilities of the students, a fire drill themed “Focus on Fire Safety, Cherish Life” was successfully conducted in our school.
拓展句：In order to enhance the fire safety awareness and emergency response capabilities of the students, a fire drill, whose theme was “Focus on Fire Safety, Cherish Life”, was successfully conducted in our school.
【点睛】【高分句型1】In order to enhance the fire safety awareness and emergency response capabilities of the students, a fire drill themed “Focus on Fire Safety, Cherish Life” was successfully conducted in our school.（运用了过去分词作后置定语）
【高分句型2】 Then, during the drill, the moment the alarm sounded, all students covering their mouths and noses with wet towels bent down low, and promptly evacuated to a safe area in an orderly manner according to the predetermined escape route.（运用了the moment引导的时间状语从句）
【高分句型3】Through this fire drill, not only did we acquire essential fire prevention knowledge and skills but our fire safety awareness was further strengthened.（运用了部分倒装）
第二节 (满分25分)
（2024·江西南昌·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Samantha and Jake had always been close to nature. Growing up in a small cottage situated deep within a thriving forest, they found comfort and wonder in the beauty of the natural world. Their daily adventures included exploring the woods, listening to the birdsong, and gazing at the starry night sky. However, as the years passed, they couldn’t help but notice the gradual changes in their beloved forest.
By the time Samantha turned sixteen and Jake was thirteen, they began to witness the effects of deforestation on their wonderland. The sound of chainsaws (电锯) and the sight of fallen trees became increasingly common. The siblings were feeling extremely shocked and sad by the loss of the forest they had cherished since childhood.
One day, after a particularly disheartening walk through the decreasing woods, Samantha came across a book about environmental heroes. These individuals had devoted their lives to preserving the natural world, and their stories of resilience (恢复力) and impact lighted a spark within Samantha’s heart. She believed that if they could make a difference , so could she and Jake.
Samantha couldn’t wait to share her new-found inspiration with her brother. She rushed home , her mind filled with ideas of how they could protect their forest. When she explained her thoughts to Jake, he nodded in agreement. “Our forest is like family to us,” he said, ”We can’t just stand by and watch it disappear. “
With firm determination, Samantha and Jake decided to take action. They began by organizing tree-planting events in their community, enlisting (征募) the help of friends and neighbors. Each sapling they planted was a symbol of hope for the future of their forest.
Soon , their efforts gained favor. The local schools joined their cause, incorporating environmental education into the curriculum and the community united behind them. Samantha and Jake’s forest restoration project had become a movement that united people of all ages.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Months passed, and the once-thinning forest began to show signs of recovery.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One day, a local news station reached out to Samantha and Jake.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Months passed, and the once-thinning forest began to show signs of recovery. The trees they had planted
grew stronger and taller. Samantha and Jake initiated educational programs, inviting local schools and nature enthusiasts to explore the forest and learn about its fragile ecosystem. The more people understood the significance of the forest, the more they joined the cause. The local government took conservation measures, too. One sunny afternoon after several months , tears welled up in Samantha’s eyes as she turned to Jake and said, “Look at what we’ve accomplished, Jake. Our forest is thriving once again. ”
One day, a local news station reached out to Samantha a and Jake. They were invited for an interview to share their story , the challenges they faced, and their advice for young people wanting to protect the environment. “It’s the power of unity and shared love for nature that keep us going,” Samantha said during the interview, with Jake nodding in agreement beside her. Samantha and Jake had become the heroes of their forest, proving that determination and a deep bond to nature could inspire positive change, a bond worth protecting for generations to come.
【导语】本文以 Samantha 和 Jake 保护森林为线索展开，讲述了他们从小亲近自然，目睹森林遭破坏后，受环保英雄事迹启发决定行动起来，通过组织植树活动等努力让森林逐渐恢复的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容 “几个月过去了，曾经逐渐稀疏的森林开始显示出恢复的迹象。”可知，第一段可描写森林在他们的努力下逐渐恢复生机，以及他们开展的教育项目和取得的更多成果。
②由第二段首句“有一天，当地一家新闻电视台联系上了 Samantha 和 Jake。”可知，第二段可描写他们接受采访，分享经历和感悟，以及他们最终成为森林的英雄。
2.续写线索：森林恢复——开展教育活动——政府参与——接受采访——分享故事——成为英雄
3.词汇激活
行为类
①开始显示：begin to show / start to display
②邀请：invite / extend an invitation
③点头同意：nod in agreement / give consent by nodding
情绪类
①感动得流泪：tears well up / be moved to tears
②爱：love/ fondness/affection
【点睛】[高分句型1] Samantha and Jake initiated educational programs, inviting local schools and nature enthusiasts to explore the forest and learn about its fragile ecosystem.（运用了现在分词短语作状语、动词不定式
短语做目的状语）
[高分句型2] It’s the power of unity and shared love for nature that keep us going（运用了强调句结构）必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元培优综合测试卷
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分 37. 5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2024·重庆·三模）ONE CEREMONY, SEVERAL FIRSTS
The Opening Ceremony of the 2024 Olympic Games will be bold, original and unique. On 26 July 2024, Paris 2024 will offer an Opening Ceremony that is certain to join the most memorable moments in Olympic history.
A ceremony outside a stadium
For the first time in the history of the Olympic Summer Games, the Opening Ceremony will not take place in a stadium. Paris 2024 is breaking new ground by bringing sports and the Opening Ceremony into the city, set to be held in the heart of the city along its main river: the Seine (塞纳河).
A ceremony on the river
Taking on a new look, the parade of athletes will be held on the Seine with boats for each national delegation (代表团). These boats will be equipped with cameras to allow television and online viewers to see the athletes up close. Winding their way from east to west, the 10,500 athletes will cross through the centre of Paris.
A ceremony with free admission for many spectators
Holding a ceremony open to a large audience, with no admission fee for most of its spectators, is a major first. Fans won’t need tickets to access the upper quays (码头), but those wishing to access the lower quays will need to buy tickets. Eighty giant screens and strategically placed speakers will allow everyone to enjoy the magical atmosphere of this show throughout Paris.
A ceremony designed for and by athletes
By opening with the parade of athletes, Paris 2024 is breaking with tradition. Athletes will be featured on stage during the introduction to and throughout the ceremony as part of Paris 2024’s constant aim to hold Games created for and by athletes.
1．Where will the Opening Ceremony of Paris 2024 be held
A．On the quays beside the Seine.
B．In the city center along the Seine.
C．In a stadium near the heart of Paris.
D．On the eastern and western ends of Paris.
2．What do we know about the admission fee
A．No admission fee is required.
B．Access to the lower quays is free.
C．Tickets should be bought for the upper quays.
D．Some viewers pay for watching the ceremony.
3．What is the main idea of this text
A．The history of the Olympics. B．The procedure of Paris 2024.
C．The novel points of a ceremony. D．The charging rules of a ceremony.
B
（23-24高三上·黑龙江·期中）Living on the Florida Emerald Coast, people view a hurricane (飓风) ‘as a common thing. So it is not unusual for a family to have several full gas cans and bottled water stored in their houses all summer.
Though unwilling to evacuate (撤离) from a hurricane, on September 15, my family was forced to leave our home for my grandfather’s house several miles away. We spent the early part of that evening watching the hurricane draw closer on the Weather Channel. Around nine o’clock, a loud sound shook the house, turned over the roof and carried it off. Soon came an indoor rainstorm.
Realizing the damage, my grandfather began to be afraid. The storm had started, but he still ran out into the heavy rain and wind to see how much of the roof was left. We got him back inside. I had never seen him so scared. Mom finally asked him to lie down in his room.
The leak (渗漏) had progressed rapidly. It soon became a race against time to protect what to be saved. Some people may think it necessary to save material things, but I hoped to save those items with emotional value, such as the photos. I still feared the storm, but I more feared the influence it brought.
The next morning, it started to clear up. Thankfully, my family came safely through the storm, though the same could not be said for the house. Only the wooden beams (梁) remained, but inside many of the things were safe. My mom and I had worked tirelessly through the night.
It was late, but we were still unwilling to go to bed. We discussed the rebuilding of the house. Under the beautiful sky, we suggested looking after my grandfather more often in the future. After this disaster, I realized the truth that the hurricane itself was not so terrible if we loved each other.
4．What can we infer from the first paragraph
A．Many residents living near the coast tend to leave the place.
B．Many residents are unwilling to prepare for hurricanes.
C．Hurricanes often strike the Florida Emerald Coast.
D．Hurricanes seldom hit the Florida Emerald Coast.
5．Why did the author’s grandfather go out into the rain and wind
A．To protect something outside. B．To see the condition of the roof.
C．To avoid the danger in the house. D．To know how serious the rain was.
6．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph
A．Why the author feared the storm. B．How the storm influenced the house.
C．How people helped each other in the storm. D．What the author was ready to save from the storm.
7．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 mean
A．The house contained many valuable things. B．The house was destroyed in the disaster.
C．The house could be easy to repair. D．The house survived the hurricane.
C
（2024·湖南长沙·三模）Rogues (疯狗浪), called “extreme storm waves” by scientists, are large, unexpected, and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). These abnormal waves, which happen every day and all over the world, are highly unpredictable and can destroy ships that meet with them.
Rogue waves appear to form when large rough waves pass through one another, combining to form huge walls of water, according to NOAA．However, why and where they appear is unclear. But using 700 years’ worth of ocean data including historical records and data from buoys (浮标) in 158 locations around the world, researchers have now created a system for predicting these “huge beasts”.
“They are caused by a combination of many factors that, until now, have not been combined into a single risk assessment,” said lead author Dion H fner. H fner and his co-workers mapped the factors that may lead to rogue waves and used AI to make a single model that could determine the likelihood that a rogue wave will form.
The team trained a neural network using historical wave data. This generated a system that learned the causes of rogue waves by itself and could work to predict them. But the AI’s methods were hid in a black box. This means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings. So H fner’s team applied another form of machine
learning, which produced an equation (综合体) when fed data, rather than just a single prediction, helping the researchers to understand how the AI reached its predictions.
“Our analysis demonstrates that abnormal waves occur all the time. In fact, we registered 100,000 waves in our data set that can be defined as rogue waves,” H fner said. This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave, H fner added, and can better protect ships from being destroyed as the sail around the world. Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might arise to seek an alternative course.
8．How does the author introduce the topic
A．By using an example. B．By giving a definition.
C．By drawing a comparison. D．By making an assumption.
9．What can the system do according to paragraph 2
A．Monitor huge sea creatures. B．Guide ships around in the sea.
C．Prevent rouge waves from occurring. D．Forecast the hitting of rogue waves.
10．What is the disadvantage of the AI’s methods
A．They aren’t visually available. B．They depend on too many factors.
C．They make inaccurate predictions. D．They don’t process data systematically.
11．How does H fner find the system
A．It requires more field tests. B．It has been widely used.
C．It needs further improvement. D．It has a promising future.
D
（2024·广西南宁·二模）In Japan, the new year began with disaster as a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula (能登半岛) on the country’s western edge on Monday. More than 2,000 active fault lines (断层线) lie beneath Japan, making it one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world.
Many scientists have long considered earthquake forecasting to be impossible. But given recent improvements in artificial intelligence, some researchers have been studying whether that could change.
Last fall, researchers at the University of Texas at Austin increased such hopes for earthquake prediction with a seven-month trial in China. In all, the algorithm (演算法) successfully forecast 14 earthquakes, each within about 200 miles of its actual epicenter (震中). Meanwhile, it missed one quake and predicted eight that never happened. The trial was part of an international A．I.-design competition, one of a few such events held in recent years to
advance earthquake prediction technologies.
Sergey Fomel, a geoscientist at UT Austin and a member of the research team, says in a statement. “We’re not yet close to making predictions for anywhere in the world, but what we achieved tells us that what we thought was an impossible problem is solvable in principle.”
Additionally, machine learning could help detect hidden patterns in data or collect more data to better inform earthquake forecasting, Hutchison writes for MIT Technology Review. For example, some researchers are showing how A．I. might use recordings from a specific seismic site to anticipate an earthquake’s magnitude. One team has built and trained neural networks to predict where aftershocks may occur after an initial strike. And others are using machine learning to identify and extract seismic waves—the vibrations that spread through the earth during tectonic activity (构造活动)—from other noises in the ground.
12．What’s the function of the first paragraph
A．To explain a concept. B．To introduce a new topic.
C．To supply a summary. D．To provide an example.
13．What made some researchers optimistic about the earthquake forecasting
A．The recent progress in theories. B．The use of traditional methods.
C．The increasing number of earthquakes. D．The advancements in artificial intelligence.
14．What do we know from the third paragraph
A．The trial was conducted by Chinese. B．The algorithm was totally successful.
C．A．I. shows promise in earthquake prediction. D．The A．I. competition only focused on earthquakes.
15．What is the best title for the passage
A．Japan’s Vulnerability to Earthquakes B．Helper in Predicting Earthquakes—A．I.
C．The Impossibility of Earthquake Prediction D．International Efforts to Predict Earthquakes
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·重庆·模拟预测）This summer, climate change continues to push Earth’s weather to extremes. 16 We invite some experts to discuss the science behind exercising in the heat, how to keep your body safe, and what to do if you suspect you or someone you’re with has heat exhaustion.
17 If you had a heavy meal like a cheeseburger, you’ll want to wait two to three hours before your
hot outdoor exercise, since that fat and protein-rich meal will take even longer to move through the digestive process. Should you eat after that hot run No. You can hydrate right away, but wait until you’ve cooled off to eat. That’s because digesting food will delay getting your body back to its usual temperature.
Protect your skin — it’s the body’s cooling system. Your skin and related tissues are incredibly designed to move warm blood away from your core to keep your vital organs cool. Any damage to your skin or the underlying tissue prevents your body from being able to air condition itself. To protect your skin, start with sunscreen. 18 .
Wear materials that will help your body breathe. 19 Wear sweat-wicking athletic clothing that allows your skin to cool. Avoid materials like cotton that basically keep the heat close to your body.
Hydrate before, during and after exercise. Dehydration can really happen to you. 20 Besides, keep drinking while you’re working out.
A．Don’t eat right before you head out.
B．Try more heat-friendly forms of exercise.
C．The type of suitable clothing you wear can also help you stay cool.
D．But high outside temperatures in a dry climate can also be dangerous.
E．Is a daytime run or bike ride in hot summer weather OK for our bodies
F．And consider wearing sun-protective clothing that blocks the sun, and include a hat.
G．Make sure you are drinking water at least an hour before you head out to exercise.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·广东肇庆·二模）Elmer Whitaker sighed as he looked over his muddy crops. A terrible 21 had swept through his farm the night before, and his crops were now covered in 22 and destroyed. His neighbor, a kind young man named Thomas, 23 to offer his help.
"What a disaster, “Whitaker said.” My whole family has always survived on the harvests of this field. I feel 24 and don't know what to do now.
Thomas calmed him down and thought for a moment. “I see this not as a disaster but as an 25 ,” he said. Whitaker looked at him 26 . “How can it be ” he asked. Thomas smiled 27 , “Now you have a chance to try something new. You’ve always grown beans and cabbages. Why not try planting 28
crops that will also fit in this soil You can diversify and therefore 29 your farm once again.”
Elmer Whitaker considered this. Thomas was right-he had become set in his ways. This disaster could push him to make his farm 30 and sustainable in a new way. “You have 31 me,” Whitaker said. He clapped Thomas on the back. “Thank you for showing me the opportunity in this difficulty. ”
And so Whitaker 32 new crops and soon, the farm was full of life again. Farmers from neighboring towns were 33 with the wonder of Whitaker’s fields, and they began to 34 their crops as well. Elmer Whitaker’s farm has become a 35 of adaptability and hope, telling everyone that in every storm, there is a chance for new growth.
21．A．force B．smoke C．war D．storm
22．A．mud B．grass C．mist D．dust
23．A．went on B．set off C．came by D．burst in
24．A．special B．desperate C．sensitive D．tireless
25．A．opportunity B．agreement C．intention D．element
26．A．as usual B．in disbelief C．on purpose D．with pride
27．A．innocently B．gratefully C．politely D．cheerfully
28．A．major B．traditional C．different D．natural
29．A．restore B．exchange C．donate D．abandon
30．A．formal B．diverse C．realistic D．obvious
31．A．informed B．demanded C．enlightened D．promised
32．A．tasted B．planted C．shared D．received
33．A．careful B．troubled C．familiar D．impressed
34．A．diversify B．remove C．deliver D．observe
35．A．manner B．dream C．symbol D．cause
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2024·辽宁·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The main structure of the Datengxia water resources management facility in Southwest China has been completed four months ahead 36 schedule, the Ministry of Water Resources said on Saturday.
The project, 37 is located in the Xijiang River, has eight power generation 38 (unit), each with an installed capacity of 200,000 kilowatts (千瓦). It can 39 (annual) generate more than 6 billion
kilowatt hours of electricity.
In cooperation with other reservoirs (水库), the project can help Wuzhou, a city with 40 population of over 2.8 million in Guangxi, deal with once-in-a-hundred-year floods. Previously, the city was only able to hold floods that occur once every 50 years. The project also enables some cities in the Pearl River Delta 41 (resist) floods that happen once every two centuries.
The ministry said the Datengxia facility will also provide strong support for rural development, offering irrigation (灌溉) water to 80,000 hectares of farmland and 42 (address) drinking water shortage for almost 1.4 million people in Guangxi.
The project has already played 43 (significance) roles in the past three years when it was put into trial operation. For example, in June last year, it helped prevent 44 store about 700 million cubic meters of floodwater when the Xijiang River 45 (hit) by a flood. In the peak, it reduced water flow by 3,500 cubic meters per second.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
（2024·江西萍乡·二模）你校最近开展了一次消防演练活动，请你为校英文报写一份主题为“Focus on Fire Safety, Cherish Life”的新闻报道，内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 活动过程和感受。
注意：1. 写作同数应为80个左右。
2. 参考词汇：灭火器 fireextinguishers; 消防栓 fire hydrants
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第二节 (满分25分)
（2024·江西南昌·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Samantha and Jake had always been close to nature. Growing up in a small cottage situated deep within a
thriving forest, they found comfort and wonder in the beauty of the natural world. Their daily adventures included exploring the woods, listening to the birdsong, and gazing at the starry night sky. However, as the years passed, they couldn’t help but notice the gradual changes in their beloved forest.
By the time Samantha turned sixteen and Jake was thirteen, they began to witness the effects of deforestation on their wonderland. The sound of chainsaws (电锯) and the sight of fallen trees became increasingly common. The siblings were feeling extremely shocked and sad by the loss of the forest they had cherished since childhood.
One day, after a particularly disheartening walk through the decreasing woods, Samantha came across a book about environmental heroes. These individuals had devoted their lives to preserving the natural world, and their stories of resilience (恢复力) and impact lighted a spark within Samantha’s heart. She believed that if they could make a difference , so could she and Jake.
Samantha couldn’t wait to share her new-found inspiration with her brother. She rushed home , her mind filled with ideas of how they could protect their forest. When she explained her thoughts to Jake, he nodded in agreement. “Our forest is like family to us,” he said, ”We can’t just stand by and watch it disappear. “
With firm determination, Samantha and Jake decided to take action. They began by organizing tree-planting events in their community, enlisting (征募) the help of friends and neighbors. Each sapling they planted was a symbol of hope for the future of their forest.
Soon , their efforts gained favor. The local schools joined their cause, incorporating environmental education into the curriculum and the community united behind them. Samantha and Jake’s forest restoration project had become a movement that united people of all ages.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Months passed, and the once-thinning forest began to show signs of recovery.
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One day, a local news station reached out to Samantha and Jake.
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