高中英语 人教版（2019） 选择性必修 第四册期末复习知识点课件(共65张PPT)

(共65张PPT)
人教版选择性必修第四册
高二下学期期末复习（潮汕地区专用）
Contents
1
Words&Expressions
2
Language Points
3
Grammar
Words&Expressions
壹
Unit 1 Science Fictions
重点词汇：
1．appoint v．任命；委任；安排→ n．预约；约会；委任→__________ adj.指定的；约定的
2．guilt n．内疚；悔恨；犯罪→ adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
3．suspend vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓→ n．悬浮；暂停；停职
4．dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散； 解雇；消除→ n．解雇；免职
appointment
appointed
guilty
suspension
dismissal
5．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布→ n．申报(单)；宣布；公告；声明
6．calculate vt.计算；核算；预测→ n．计算→_____________ n．计算器
7．superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的→____________ n．优越感；优势；优越(性)
8．divide v．分开；使意见不一→ n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)
declaration
calculation
calculator
superiority
division
9．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→ n．紧急；紧急的事→ adj.紧急的；迫切的→ adv.迫切地；紧急地
10．random adj.随机的；不可思议的→ adv.随机；随意；未加计划地
11．explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→ n．爆炸；突然爆发；激增
12．mud n．泥；泥浆→ adj.多泥的；泥泞的
urgency
urgent
urgently
randomly
explosion
muddy
重点短语：
1． 　　　　　 检验；测试
2． 更像是；更接近
3． 根据；以……的方式(基准)
4． 事物的利与弊；支持与反对
5． 比……更好；更胜一筹
6． 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
test out
more like
on a ...basis
pros and cons
superior to
take over
7． 与……冲突或抵触
8． 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
9． (逐渐)减少；消失
10． 有强烈的欲望做某事
11． 以……做试验
12． 毕竟
conflict with
turn out
fall away
have an urge to
experiment with
after all
Words&Expressions
壹
Unit 2 Iconic Attractions
重点词汇：
1．found vt.创立；建立；创办→ n．创建；基础；地基→_______ n．创立者；缔造者
2．political adj.政治的→ n．政治→ n．政治家
3．locate vt.把……安置在(或建造于)→ adj.位于→__________ n．位置
foundation
founder
politics
politician
located
location
4．entitle vt.给……命名(或题名)；使享有权利→ adj.有资格的；给予名称的→ n．权利；资格
5．dive vi.&n.潜水；跳水；俯冲→ n. 潜水者；潜水员
6．free n．免费的；自由的；不受约束的→ n．自由；不受……影响的状态
7．distribute vt.分配；分发；(使)分布；分散→ n．分布；分配；分发→ n．经销商；分销商
entitled
entitlement
diver
freedom
distribution
distributor
8．license vt.批准；许可 n．许可证；执照→ adj.得到正式许可的
9．frequent adj.频繁的；经常发生的→ n．发生率；重复率；(声波或电磁波振动的)频率→ adv.频繁地，经常地；时常；屡次
10．violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的→ n．暴力；暴行
11．prison n．监狱；监禁→ n．犯人
licensed
frequency
frequently
violence
prisoner
重点短语：
1． 　　　 　　　　 主修
2． 导致
3． 原产于……
4． 吸气
5． 在……中起作用
major in
lead to
be native to
breathe in
play a part in
6． 就个人来说
7． 有宾至如归的感觉
8． 捡起；拾起；(不费力地)获得；(无意中)学会
9． 确信
10． (偶然)遇见；被理解
personally speaking
feel at home
pick up
make sure
come across
11． 在使用中
12． 一群(羊或鸟)
13． 告别
14． 少数人(或物)；一把(的量)
in use
a flock of
say goodbye to
a handful of
Language Points
贰
Unit 1 Science Fictions
1. appointment n.预约;约会;委任
用法归纳
①make an appointment (with sb.)(和某人)约定/有约会
②keep/miss an appointment准时赴约/失约
Eg.The study found one in four people would miss an important appointment and one in five would fall out with a friend over a forgotten date or event. 研究发现每四个人中有一个人会错过一个重要的约会,每五个人中会有一个人由于忘记约定时间或失约而与朋友闹翻。
词汇拓展
①appoint vt.委派,任命;约定,确定(时间、地点)
◆appoint sb. as/to...任命某人为……
◆appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人做某事
Eg.Thank you for your recognition of me and appointing me as chairman of the student union.感谢大家对我的肯定,任命我为学生会主席。
Having graduated from college, he was appointed to hold a position in the physics department.大学毕业后,他被委派去物理系任职。
2.guilty adj.内疚的;有罪的;有过失的
be guilty of... 犯有……罪/过失
be guilty of doing sth.做某事有过错
Eg.A recent case I heard was of a man found guilty of breaking into a house and stealing some money.最近我听到的一个案例是,一名男子被发现擅闯民宅并盗窃了一些钱款。
3.dismiss vt.让(某人)离开;解散;解雇;消除
①dismiss sb. from one’s job for sth.因为……而解雇某人
Eg.She was dismissed from her job for breaking the company's safety regulations.她因违反公司的安全规章而被解雇了。
4. declare vt.表明;宣称;公布
①declare for/against...声明支持/反对……
②declare oneself to be...宣称自己(是)……
Eg.The researcher declared himself (to be) an expert.这名研究人员宣称自己是专家。
5.on the basis of... 在……的基础上,根据……
be based on根据……;以……为基础
Eg.money paid for work or services, typically on a daily or weekly basis为工作或服务支付的报酬,通常按天或周支付
6.superior adj.更好的;占优势的;(在级别或重要性上)更高的
①be superior in... 在……方面更好
②be superior to... 比……更好/更胜一筹
7.take in 理解;领会;吸入;欺骗
take off 脱下(衣服);起飞;突然开始成功;迅速流行
take on承担;呈现;雇用;同……较量
take up 开始从事;占用(时间或空间);继续(做);接着讲
8.turn out to be... 结果是……;证明是……
◆turn over翻身;翻转;移交
◆turn to转向;向……求助
9.keep pace with...与……步伐一致;与……并驾齐驱
at a pace of...以……的速度
Eg.Today, people from all walks of life are trying to acquire more knowledge to keep pace with the development of our times.现今来自各行各业的人们正在试图获得更多的知识以跟上时代发展的步伐。
Race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories per hour.竞走者以每小时6英里的速度走动,每小时将消耗约800卡路里。
10.division n.分开;分隔;差异;除(法)
◆divide sth. between A and B把某物分别用于A和B
◆divide sth. up into...把某物分成……
◆divide A from B使A和B分离
Eg.As a senior high student,you need to know how to divide your time between study and rest.作为一名高中生,你需要知道如何分配用于学习和休息的时间。
11.urge sb. to do sth.敦促/力劝某人做某事
have an urge to do sth.有强烈的欲望做某事
Eg.Tired of Missouri, Mark Twain had an urge to see the outside world.马克·吐温对密苏里州感到厌倦了,他迫切地想去看看外面的世界。
It is important for schools to urge children to go outside during recess while making sure that sports activities are arranged at staggered hours.学校敦促孩子们在课间休息时去户外是重要的,同时要确保错开时间安排体育活动。
12. at random随意地;任意地
13.maximum adj.最大限度的 n.最大量;最大限度
to the maximum达到最大限度
14. be stunned by...因……而惊叹不已;被……震惊;被……打晕
Eg.They were stunned by the view from the summit.在峰顶看到的景色使他们惊叹不已。
15. explode into/with...突然爆发某种感情
Eg.Facing the mess, he exploded with anger/rage.面对这混乱的局面,他勃然大怒。
16.方位副词位于句首的完全倒装句
here, there, up, down, in, then, now....
倒装：Here comes the bus. 原句：The bus comes here.
倒装：There goes the bell. 原句：The bell goes there.
倒装：Out went the children. 原句：The children went out.
方位介词短语在句首也用倒装
倒装：On the wall hangs a picture.
原句：A picture hangs on the wall.
16. 方位介词短语在句首也用倒装
倒装：Between the two buildings stands a tall tree.
原句：A tall tree stands between the two buildings.
注意：
当主语为代词时,主谓不倒装。
Here he comes.他来了。
Here you are.给你
17.was/were to do的用法
The meeting was to be held the next week.会议将于下周举行。
The discovery was to have a great influence on the treatment of cancer.这一发现后来对治疗癌症产生了很大的影响。
was/were to do为过去将来时的一种形式
Language Points
贰
Unit 2 Iconic Attractions
1.foundation n.创建;基础;地基;基金会
①provide/lay a...foundation for ...为……打下……基础
注意：
①found(创建)的过去式及过去分词:founded;founded。
②find(发现)的过去式及过去分词:found;found。
Eg.Our school offers a wide variety of courses for students, providing/laying a solid foundation for future study. 我们学校为学生提供了各种各样的课程,为今后的学习打下坚实的基础。
2. located adj.位于
be located in/on/at... 坐落于……;位于……
Eg.Being surrounded by green mountains and located at the foot of Lushan Mountain make it a famous tourist attraction.绿山环绕,位于庐山脚下,使得它成为著名的旅游景点。
3.entitle vt.给……命名(或题名);使享有权利;使符合资格
①entitle sb. to do sth.使某人享有做某事的权利
Eg.This kind of ticket does not entitle you to travel first class.你拿这种票不能坐头等舱。
4.dive vi.& n.潜水;跳水;俯冲
①dive into迅速把手伸入;跳入水中(头朝下)
②go diving去潜水
Eg.The two boys dived into the river.这两个男孩一头扎进河里。
5.freedom n.自由;不受……影响的状态
the freedom to do sth.做某事的自由
◆be free to do sth.自由地做某事
◆for free/free of charge免费
◆be free of/from...不受……伤害(或影响等)的
6.a flock of 一群(羊或鸟)
拓展：a+n.+of 大量
②a group of...一群(人或物)
③a crowd of...一群(人)
7. distribution n.分布;分配;分发
◆distribute...to...把……分给……
Eg.He helped the teacher distribute the donated books to children in remote areas.他帮助老师把这些捐赠的书分发给偏远地区的孩子们。
8. frequency n.发生率;重复率;频率
①the frequency of... ……的频率
②a high/low frequency高频率/低频率
Eg.The frequency of airplane crashes is basically random but they do sometimes come in bunches.飞机坠毁的频率基本上是随机的,但有时确实会成批发生。
9. capacity n.能力;容量
①have a capacity of...有……的容量
②have a/the capacity to do/for (doing) sth.有能力做某事
Eg.Human beings are set apart from animals because they have the capacity to think deeply.人类不同于动物是因为他们有深度思考的能力。
◆be capable of (doing)sth.有能力做某事
Eg.A qualified teacher is capable of expecting students’ needs.一个合格的教师能够预见学生的需要。
10.prison n.监狱;监禁
in prison在监狱里(反义短语:out of prison出狱)
put sb. in prison把某人关进监狱
Eg.The love and support of his family sustained him during his time in prison. 家人的关爱和支持支撑他度过了狱中的岁月。
11. It is said that...据说……
It is+V-ed+that 常翻译为“据....../人们......”
◆It’s reported that...据报道……
◆It’s believed that...人们相信……
12. 该是(某人)做某事的时候了
（小学版本）It’s time (for sb.) to do sth.
（2.0版本）It’s time that sb did sth
Eg.是我们做出决定的时候了。
It is time for us to make a decision.
It is time that we made a decision.
◆It is time for sth.该……了(后面接名词)
Eg.It’s time for school.到了上学的时候了。
Grammar
叁
Unit 1 Science Fictions
语态：主动语态、被动语态
通过动词呈现
他打开了这扇门。
He opens the door.
The door is opened by him.
主动语态：主语是动作执行者
被动语态：主语是动作承受者
被动语态用法：
不知道谁是动作的执行者
He is asked to explain the rules of the game.
强调动作的承受者时
The tiger was killed by him.
常见句型：
It is/was +动词过去分词+that
=sth is/was+动词过去分词+to do
It is said that the company will take relevant measures.
=The company is said to take relevant measures.
不及物动词无被动语态：appear, die, happen, lie, remain, occur, come true, break out, take place
The sort of things don’t happen in real life.
静态动词无被动语态：last, benefit, dislike, join, mean, have, possess, lack, cost, equal, become, suffer, look like, consist of, belong to, feel like
The game lasts about an hour.
难点：时态与语态结合：
一般现在时被动语态：主语+am/is/are+过去分词
Children are warned not to swim alone.
一般过去时被动语态：主语+was/were+过去分词
Most problems were solved through teamwork.
一般将来时的被动语态：主语+shall/will be+过去分词
The new traffic laws will be strictly enforced next month.
现在进行时的被动语态：主语+am/is/are being+过去分词
The traffic accident is being looked into.
过去进行时的被动语态：主语+was/were being+过去分词
The restaurant was being redecorated when I came last time.
现在完成时的被动语态：主语+have/has been+过去分词
The house has been painted again.
过去完成时的被动语态：主语+had been+过去分词
He had been asked not to tell anyone about the thing.
将来完成时的被动语态：主语+shall/will have been+过去分词
The task will have been finished by the end of this week.
过去将来完成时的被动语态：主语+should/would have been+过去分词
John said the letter would have been finished by supper.
过去将来时的被动语态：主语+should/would be+过去分词
The loudspeaker announced that the flight would be delayed.
主动表被动
系动词look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove
The building looks very beautiful.
不及物动词表示物体属性，open, close, lock
The door doesn’t close.
主动表被动
be to blame “理应受责备”
Who is to blame
be+adj.+to do
The question is difficult to answer.
主动表被动
be worth doing “值得做某事”
The movie is worth watching.
need, want, require “需要”
The house needs cleaning.
Present or past participle
1. Your hair wants________(cut).　你的头发该理了。
2. The floor requires_________. 地板需要冲洗。
3. The book is worth_________.　这本书值得一读。
4. The library needs__________, but it’ll have to wait until Sunday.
图书馆需要修理，不过这要等到周日。　
need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing表示被动。
cutting
washing
reading
repairing
Grammar
叁
Unit 2 Iconic Attractions
1. It is a really old city split between the dead and the living.
2. You said remember that life is not meant to be wasted.
3. There is a history through her sent to us as a gift from the future to show us the proof.
4. And the gift of my heartbeat sounds like a symphony played by a cemetery in the center of Queens.
Check the answers and think the functions of the verbs.
真正谓语动词
非谓语动词 (Non-Finite Verbs)：
相当于形容词或副词,在句中可作除谓语之外的其他成分。
过去分词用法：
形式：V-ed 否定：not+V-ed
作定语
All the broken furniture has been repaired up to now.
The suggestion presented to the committee was adopted.
单个过去分词放在名词前
过去分词短语放在名词后
过去分词用法：
Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks
(find) on the ground.
The (lock) door is old.
方法：看旁边的名词和所填词之间主被动关系
found
locked
分词做定语：
Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks
(find) on the ground.
The (lock) door is old.
方法：看旁边的名词和所填词之间主被动关系
found
locked
分词做表语：
We were (disappoint) about his poor performance in the latest competition.
I was (astonish) to see so many new inventions in the AI session at the science and technology expo.
方法：看主语是人还是物，人/人的表情，表语V-ed；物，表语V-ing
disappointed
astonished
分词做状语：
(build) thirty years ago, the house still looks very beautiful.
（see） from the hill, the city looks beautiful.
方法：看逗号后的主语和所填词之间主被动关系
Built
Seen
分词做状语易混点：
(face) difficulties, he tried his best to deal with them.
(face) with difficulties, he tried his best to deal with them.
考虑原来的短语搭配，be faced with sth=face sth
Facing
Faced
分词做宾补：
You had better get the task (do) as soon as possible.
She observed a man (catch) by the policeman.
v.+宾语+宾补
方法：看宾语和宾补之间主被动关系
done
caught
with+宾语+宾补
With our country （build）better and better, Liu’s spirit will be passed on generation after generation.
With many parts of the world not (map) yet, researchers have begun a project that involves travelling around the world and taking sample photographs.
方法：看宾补和所填词之间的主被动关系
built
mapped
独立主格
The signal （give）, the bus started.
分词的逻辑主语与句子逻辑主语不一致时候，看分词逻辑主语和所填词的主被动关系，主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。
given
总结：
过去分词：
形式：V-ed 否定：not+V-ed
表被动、表完成
Thanks for your listening