2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末考试（天津卷）（外研版2019）（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末考试（天津卷）（外研版2019）（含解析） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-06-09 14:56:50 | ||
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2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末考试（天津卷）
（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．—I will never go back to school again. It's a tough period in my life.
— ________. Who knows what may happen tomorrow.
A．Forget it B．I hope so C．Never say never D．I totally agree
2．Who were the first people ________ to have reached the top of Qomolangma
A．donated B．confirmed C．deserved D．erupted
3．I have been convinced that the print media are usually more accurate and more ________ than the Internet.
A．reliable B．incredible C．temporary D．flexible
4．Such warm weather is ________ uncommon for January.
A．virtually B．initially C．immediately D．exceptionally
5．Many new houses ________ for the local people since last year.
A．were built B．are being built C．are building D．have been built
6．________ the environment, it is necessary to create more eco-friendly means of transportation.
A．In terms of B．In search of C．In need of D．In exchange for
7．The young man is running to seek ________ from the rain.
A．shelter B．chapter C．concept D．crowd
8．Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see
everything.
A．were displaying B．are displaying
C．were being displayed D．are being displayed
9．Her head and arms are missing, but you can imagine her ________ her arms up high, celebrating the result of an ancient battle.
A．held B．to hold C．holding D．having held
10．Some scientists have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him to ________ his theory of gravity.
A．live up to B．put up with
C．look up to D．come up with
11．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ________ she could turn for help.
A．that B．to whom C．who D．from whom
12．________ has been proved is that animals have their own means of communication.
A．As B．It C．What D．That
13．People’s abilities differ, but their rights and opportunities ________ be the same.
A．could B．might C．need D．should
14．Encourage your child in his interests and hobbies ________ they're things that you know little about.
A．so that B．even if C．in case D．as if
15．When ________ comes to basketball, Mary knows little about it.
A．one B．it C．that D．this
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
I never think my life is 16 with no arms, but through the love of my parents, I have overcome difficulties and my life is now filled with 17 and purpose. I love seeing people’s 18 changed for the better. It is my hope that your life is 19 affected by my story.
I wasn’t 20 during my entire childhood, but I did have ups and downs. When I was thirteen, I 21 my foot, which I use to do many things like typing 22 and washing. The injury made me realize that I need to be more 23 for my abilities and less concentrated upon my 24 .
A teacher encouraged me to start 25 about my faith and overcoming difficulties when I was 17. The first time I made a speech, I was very 26 , Within the first three minutes of my talk, half of the girls on the
spot were 27 , while most boys were struggling to control their 28 . One girl in particular was crying hard. Suddenly she put her 29 up, saying, “I was so sorry to 30 you, but can I come up and hug you ”
She came and 31 me before everyone, and 32 in my ear, “Thank you. No one has ever told me that they loved me and that I am beautiful the way I am.”
Her thanks 33 me to go across 44 countries and speak 2, 000 times. I realized that we all need love and hope. Then, I was in a unique position to 34 this view with people around the world.
Whoever you are, I hope you will be inspired by my story and my message:Dream big, my friend, and never 35 !
16．A．hard B．tiring C．easy D．important
17．A．love B．challenge C．energy D．trouble
18．A．quality B．life C．experience D．activity
19．A．differently B．positively C．generally D．hardly
20．A．depressed B．impressed C．excited D．lonely
21．A．treated B．destroyed C．weakened D．hurt
22．A．sleeping B．sailing C．writing D．climbing
23．A．responsible B．ready C．thankful D．suitable
24．A．disabilities B．hobbies C．difficulties D．disasters
25．A．complaining B．worrying C．memorizing D．speaking
26．A．wild B．sensitive C．exhausted D．nervous
27．A．smiling B．crying C．sighing D．shouting
28．A．sadness B．thought C．emotion D．idea
29．A．face B．hand C．book D．note
30．A．stop B．reach C．explain D．adjust
31．A．followed B．seized C．hugged D．pushed
32．A．screamed B．informed C．shouted D．whispered
33．A．expected B．inspired C．intended D．allowed
34．A．relate B．connect C．debate D．share
35．A．give up B．get along C．take off D．break out
第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Global Essay Competition
The John Locke Institute encourages young people to develop the characteristics that turn good students into great writers. Our Essay Competition invites students to explore a wide range of challenging and interesting questions beyond the limits of the school curriculum (课程).
All of our essay prizes are judged by senior academics from the University of Oxford. The judges will choose their favourite essay from each subject category and an overall “best essay” across six subjects: Philosophy, Politics, Economics, History, Psychology and Law.
Entry Requirements
Entry is open to students from any country. Candidates must be eighteen years old, or younger, on the date of the submission deadline, 30 June. Candidates for the Junior Prize must be fourteen years old, or younger, on the date of the submission deadline. Each essay should address only one of the questions in your chosen subject category, and must not exceed (超过) 2, 000 words.
Key Dates
30 June: Submission deadline
14 July: Short-listed candidates informed
26 August: Awards Dinner for the Junior Prize
2. September: Awards Dinner for the Economics Prize and other prizes
Prizes
There is a prize for the best essay in each category. The prize for each winner of a subject category, and the winner of the Junior category, is a scholarship worth US $2,000 towards the cost of attending any John Locke Institute programme, and the essays will be published on the Institute’s website. The prize-giving ceremony will take place in Oxford.
The candidate who submits the best essay overall will be awarded an honorary John Locke Institute Junior, Fellowship, which comes with a US $10, 000 scholarship to attend one or more of our summer schools.
36．What should the entry be about
A．The limits of school courses. B．The characteristics of great writers.
C．One of the given questions. D．Anything in the chosen fields.
37．What is NOT true about the competition
A．It sets a word limit on essays.
B．It has six subject categories.
C．Its prizes are judged by voting online.
D．It is open to any student regardless of his or her nationality.
38．Those who want to compete for the Junior Prize should not be over _________years old.
A．10 B．14 C．18 D．20
39．When will the Law Prize winner attend the awards dinner
A．On 30 June. B．On 14 July.
C．On 26 August. D．On 2 September.
40．What will the overall best essay candidate receive
A．A fellowship at Oxford University. B．A summer school scholarship.
C．A chance to get published. D．A US $1, 000 award.
B
One of the best-known American writers of children’s books is Alfred Strong, or Doctor Strong, as he is better known to readers everywhere. Now, an art show called “Doctor Strong From Then to Now” is travelling around the United States. The pictures and drawings show the history of Doctor Strong.
Doctor Strong first became famous almost fifty years ago when his first children’s book was published. Since then, he has written forty-five books that have sold more than one hundred million copies around the world.
Doctor Strong’s books are known for their easy use of words and colorful, hand-drawn pictures. These drawings bring life to his imaginary creatures. The Cat in the Hat, Horton the Elephant, The Grinch Who Stole Christmas, and hundreds of others.
The San Diego Museum, in California, organized the art show. It included about three hundred Doctor Strong’s original drawings and some of his writings.
Most of Doctor Strong’s books, although written in a funny way, have serious messages. For example, in Mc Elligot’s Pool, he describes the danger of pollution. He discusses the arms race in The Butter Battle Book, written in nineteen eighty-four.
Doctor Strong is almost eighty-four years old now. He says he never planned to write stories just for children. He says he writes stories that interest people of all ages. He says he uses easy words so that everyone, even a child, can understand.
41．Doctor Strong is a famous ________in the United States.
A．doctor B．artist C．writer D．reader.
42．Doctor Strong first became famous in ________.
A．his eighties when an art show was travelling around the United States
B．his fifties when his drawings and writings were published
C．nineteen eighty-four wen his book MeEligor’s Pool was published
D．his thirties when his first book was published
43．Doctor Strong’s books are very popular in America because ________.
A．they are stories about animals such as cats, elephants and so on
B．they are written in easy words with colourful pictures
C．he organized the art show in California
D．they are written in a funny way
44．What does the underlined word “imaginary” in paragraph 3 mean
A．unreal B．interesting C．lively D．terrible
45．His purpose in writing many such books is ________.
A．to show his original pictures and drawings
B．to organize a special art show of his own
C．to make his readers laugh or smile when they read his books
D．not only to interest people but to expose some serious social problems
C
A research group, led by a scientist Professor Lilach Hadany at Tel Aviv University, have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants talk, particularly in certain stressful situations.
Plants were put in a sound-proof chamber (隔音室) and were recorded by two microphones. Some plants were in need of water, others were cut, and a control group were left undamaged. The researchers used an AI algorithm to separate the sounds successfully identifying the differences between the sounds made depending on whether they were dry or cut.
On average, the human ear can hear sounds up to around 20kHz, but the sounds produced by plants are in the 40-80kHz region, far beyond our hearing capabilities. That doesn’t mean they can’t be heard. “White unnoticed to the human ear, the sounds sent out by plants can probably be heard by various animals, such as bats, mice, and insects,” Hadany tells us. Though this has yet to be proven, it’s possible that these animals use this information for
their benefit, choosing which plants to eat, for example.
While farming has become a science itself, there’s still a lot of estimation (估计) involved. If farmers were able to receive exact information directly from their crop, they could start a much more efficient method of care. The study thinks that more proper irrigation (灌溉) could save up to 50% of water cost and greatly improve the product. “In times when more and more areas are exposed to drought due to climate change, efficient water use becomes even more necessary, for both food safety and natural environment.” They would also be able to better identify and control disease in a crop.
The sounds sent out by plants are not cries for help, but rather a by-product of material stress rather than communication. Just as Hadany notes, “Obviously, a wonderful field of flowers can be a rather noisy place. It’s just that we can’t hear the sounds.”
46．The author tries to tell the readers in Para. 2 ______.
A．the differences between the sounds
B．the process of the experiments
C．the inventions from the farmers
D．the function of the plants
47．The researchers’ findings may contribute to the farmers of ______.
A．earning a lot of money
B．taking good care of their crop
C．recognizing the origin of the plant
D．making full preparations for a discovery
48．What can be learned about the experiment in Para. 3
A．Some insects can notice the smell of the plants.
B．Not all the people can improve their work efficiency.
C．Neither animals nor plants can hear the sounds by people.
D．Some animals may use the sounds by plants to choose food.
49．What could be the best title for the passage
A．Why people conduct experiments with plants.
B．Science matters, and we are making it.
C．Plants talk, and now we are listening.
D．How plants reduce their stress.
50．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A．To promote a new technology.
B．To recommend a research team.
C．To introduce a scientific discovery.
D．To explain a historical event.
D
Fabien Cousteau, an ocean explorer, has announced plans to build a large research station under the ocean. The goal of the project is to become an “underwater version of the International Space Station (ISS)”.
Mr. Cousteau is the grandson of Jacques Cousteau, an ocean scientist who brought the wonders of the sea to the attention of people around the world. Fabien Cousteau has gone the same way, exploring the sea as a scientist and working to protect the oceans.
Though the ocean is all around us, studying it is a challenge. Divers are limited in how far down they can go and how long they can stay below. Returning to the surface can be dangerous. After a deep dive, divers must wait for hours before they dive again.
The new undersea laboratory is designed to solve many of those problems. Named “Proteus” the lab is a 370-square-meter structure that can be a home for up to 12 people at a time. By actually living under the sea, scientists will be able to dive and work for much longer without worrying about the dangers of coming to the surface.
Mr. Cousteau says that the research base won’t just be used to study and help protect the sea, but also to research new ways of creating energy and perhaps even searching for new medicines.
The power for the station is expected to come from solar energy and the movement of the ocean. Proteus is also expected to have the first underwater greenhouse in the world, so that the lab will be able to grow some of its own food.
Proteus was designed by Yves Behar, a well-known designer. Mr. Cousteau and Mr. Behar are working together to raise money to build Proteus. They say it’ll cost about $135 million. Plans call for Proteus to be built on the sea floor 18 meters below the ocean’s surface off the island of Curacao in the Caribbean Sea. Mr. Cousteau hopes to have the lab completed and ready to use by 2025.
51．What is the possible reason why Fabien Cousteau becomes an ocean explorer
A．The strong support of his family. B．The influence of his grandfather.
C．The trouble in exploring the ocean. D．The dream of building the ISS in water.
52．What is the purpose of Fabien Cousteau’s building Proteus
A．To make studying the ocean easy. B．To get more of the ocean mapped.
C．To become known for his research. D．To draw attention to ocean exploration.
53．What is expected to be possible in Proteus
A．Exploring the island of Curacao. B．Living in the sea forever.
C．Creating solar energy. D．Planting vegetables.
54．What can we know about Proteus from the passage
A．It has been put to use. B．It’s expensive to build.
C．It’s in the testing stage. D．It’s built in the Pacific Ocean.
55．What is the passage mainly about
A．A world-known ocean explorer. B．A newly-built undersea laboratory
C．An advanced way to explore the ocean D．A plan for an undersea research station.
第二部分:写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节：阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。
When I was 10, my friend Sydney suffered from a brain cancer. Sydney fought against it, but the cancer did not respond to the treatment, and could not be removed. Sydney died at the age of 11.
After her death, I felt sad and discouraged. I decided to turn these negative emotions into positive actions. When I was 15 years old, I founded the Pink Polka Dots Guild (PPD) with two friends. My goal is to raise enough money to find a cure for brain cancer, which is the second most common cancer in children.
Over the years, PPD had held fundraisers (募捐活动) across the city. The first Pink Polka Dots Guild event, a garage sale, just raised $900, but our latest fundraiser, the 2012 golf tournament, brought in over $73,000. In the past five years, we have raised almost a million dollars to help do a research on removing brain cancer.
I’ve been shocked by the public recognition that PPD has earned. It received an award from President. This great honour raised awareness and money for our cause.
The efforts that we have made has truly helped cancer research. PPD has provided start-up funding for scientific discoveries, such as “Tumor Paint”, which illuminates (照射) cancerous cells so that doctors can remove them with amazing accuracy. The discovery appeared in Time Magazine. I was very proud to have helped fund the research of this life-saving technology.
Pink Polka Dots has inspired me to be an activist. My experience has taught me that with devotion, it is
possible to make a difference in the world. The determination that Pink Polka Dots set off in me has carried over to all aspects of my life, making me a competitive speaker and a devoted volunteer.
56．What happened to Sydney when she was 11 (No more than 10 words)
57．What does PPD aim to do (No more than 14 words)
58．What does the underlined word “removing” in Paragraph 3 mean (No more than 5 words)
59．Why did the author feel proud according to Paragraph 5 (No more than 15 words)
60．What can we learn from the author’s experience according to the passage (No more Than 25 words)
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
61．假如你是李津，是你所在学校的国风美术社团负责人，请给你校新转来的美国交换生Peter写一封邮件，内容包括：
(1)国风美术社团成立于2010年，面向对中国画及中国书法有兴趣、或有特长的同学;
(2)国画与书法都是中国独特的艺术形式，历史悠久，蕴含着中华传统文化的魅力;
(3)邀请他加入社团并期待他的早日回复。
注意：
(1)词数不少于100(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数);
(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
I’m Li Jin, the person in charge of Chinese Calligraphy and Painting club at our school.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Jin
参考答案：
1．C
【详解】考查常用表达辨析。句意：我再也不会回学校了。这是我人生艰难的时刻。--永远都不要说绝不。没有人知道明天会发生什么。A. forget it 忘了吧；B. I hope so 我希望如此；C. Never say never 永远不要说绝不；D. I totally agree 我完全赞同。根据回答的第二句可知第二个说话人不赞成第一个说话人的过于绝对的观点。故用C项的Never say never“永远不要说绝不”表示一种不同意。故选C项。
2．B
【详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：谁是第一个被证实登上珠穆朗玛峰的人？A. donated捐献；B. confirmed证实，确认；C. deserved值得；D. erupted爆发。分析句子可知，空处是修饰the first people的后置定语，结合“to have reached the top of Qomolangma”可推知，confirmed“证实，确认”符合题意，表示“第一个被证实登上珠穆朗玛峰的人”，confirm和the first people逻辑上是被动关系，所以用confirm的过去分词形式。故选B。
3．A
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我一直相信，印刷媒体通常比互联网更准确、更可靠。A. reliable可靠的；B. incredible不可思议的；C. temporary临时的；D. flexible灵活的。根据句意和上文的“more accurate”可知，此处应是更可靠的。故选A。
4．D
【详解】考查副词辨析 。句意：这样温暖的天气在一月份是异常罕见的。A.virtually事实上，几乎，实质上；B.initially最初，首先；C.immediately立刻，立即；D.exceptionally异常地，特殊地，例外地。由语意可知，这样温暖的天气在一月份是异常罕见的。故选D。
5．D
【详解】考查被动语态。句意：自去年以来，为当地人建造了许多新房子。根据时间状语since last year可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态；本句主语houses是动作的承受者，表示房屋被建造，所以空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态的被动语态：has/have been done，主语是复数houses，所以此处助动词需用have。故选D。
6．A
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：就环境而言，有必要创造更环保的交通工具。A. In terms of就……而言；B. In search of寻找；C. In need of需要；D. In exchange for交换。根据“it is
necessary to create more eco-friendly means of transportation”可推知，句子在从环境方面来考虑创造更环保的交通工具的必要性，In terms of“就……而言”符合题意，意为“就环境而言”。故选A。
7．A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个年轻人正在跑去避雨。A. shelter收容所，庇护；B. chapter章节；C. concept概念；D. crowd人群。根据后文“from the rain”可知是寻找遮蔽，故选A。
8．D
【详解】考查时态和语态。目前，大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知，应该用现在进行时；display与主语works之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动。故选D。
9．C
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：她的头和手臂都丢失了，但你可以想象她高举双臂，庆祝一场古代战役的胜利。根据celebrating the result of an ancient battle可知此处也要用现在分词形式，作imagine的宾语补足语。短语imagine sb. doing sth.“想象某人…，假定某人…”，强调做事的状态。故选C项。
10．D
【详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：一些科学家甚至也怀疑过牛顿的故事：一个苹果掉下来砸中了牛顿的脑袋，促使他提出了万有引力定律。A.live up to达到；满足；B.put up with忍受；C.look up to仰慕；尊敬；D.come up with提出。根据句中 his theory of gravity，可知此处指提出理论。选项D符合题意，故选D。
11．B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。分析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是person，指人，turn to sb for help向某人求助，故介词用to，关系词在从句中作介词宾语，应用关系代词whom，故选B。
12．C
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：事实证明，动物有它们自己的交流方式。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作句子的主语，主语从句缺少主语，结合句意可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词。故选C。
13．D
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：人们的能力不同，但他们的权利和机会应该是相同的。A.could可能；B.might或许；C.need需要；D.should应该。结合句意，此处指人们的权利和机会应该是一样的。选项D符合题意，故选D。
14．B
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：鼓励你的孩子保持兴趣和爱好，即使你对这些事情知之甚少。A.so that以便，为的是；B.even if即使；C.in case以防；D.as if好像。根据句中设空处前后的意思，可知设空后的内容为让步状语，意思为“纵然，即使”，选项B符合题意，故选B。
15．B
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：当谈到篮球的时候，玛丽对此知之甚少。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是固定句型when it comes to...“当谈到……的时候”。故选B。
16．C 17．A 18．B 19．B 20．A 21．D 22．C 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．D 27．B 28．C 29．B 30．A 31．C 32．D 33．B 34．D 35．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者虽然没有胳膊，他却用自己的故事激励了很多的人，作者希望人们追逐梦想，永不放弃。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我从不认为没有胳膊的生活是容易的，但通过我父母的爱，我克服了逆境，我的生活现在充满了爱和目标。A. hard困难的；B. tiring累人的；C. easy容易的；D. important重要的。由“never think”以及下文“but through the love of my parents, I have overcome difficulties ”（但通过我父母的爱，我克服了逆境）可知，句子表示“我从不认为没有胳膊的生活是容易的”，故选C。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从不认为没有胳膊的生活是容易的，但通过我父母的爱，我克服了逆境，我的生活现在充满了爱和目标。A. love爱；B. challenge挑战；C. energy能量；D. trouble麻烦。由上文的“through the love of my parents”可知，作者的生活充满了爱和目标，故选A。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢看到人们的生活变得更好。A. quality质量；B. life生活；C. experience经历；D. activity活动。由后文的“your life is __4___ affected by my story”可知，此处意思是作者喜欢看到人们的生活变得更好，故选B。
19．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我希望我的故事能对你们的生活产生积极的影响。A. differently不同地；B. positively积极地；C. generally普遍地；D. hardly几乎不。由上文的“changed for the better”可知，作者希望自己的故事能对读者的生活产生积极的影响，故选B。
20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的整个童年都没有抑郁，但我确实有过起起落落。A. depressed沮丧的；B. impressed印象深刻的；C. excited激动的；D. lonely孤独的。由后文的“but I did have ups and downs”可知，作者的整个童年都没有沮丧，但她确实有过起起落落，故选A。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：13岁的时候，我的脚受伤了，我用脚做很多事情，比如打字、写作和洗衣服。A. treated治疗；B. destroyed破坏；C. weakened（使）虚弱；D. hurt受伤。由后文的“The injury”可知，作者的脚受伤了，故选D。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：13岁的时候，我的脚受伤了，我用脚做很多事情，比如打字、写字和洗衣服。A. sleeping睡觉；B. sailing航行；C. writing写；D. climbing爬。由第一段的“with no arms”和“my foot, which I use to do many things like typing, __7___and washing”可知，作者没有胳膊，所以用脚做很多事情，比如打字、写字和洗衣服，故选C。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这次受伤让我意识到，我应该更多地感谢自己的能力，而不是过于关注自己的残疾。A. responsible负责的；B. ready准备好的；C. thankful感激的；D. suitable适当的。由后文的“for my abilities”可知，作者意识到自己应该更多地感谢自己的能力，故选C。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次受伤让我意识到，我应该更多地感谢自己的能力，而不是过于关注自己的残疾。A. disabilities残疾；B. hobbies爱好；C. difficulties困难；D. disasters灾难。由前文的“for my abilities and less concentrated upon my”可知，作者觉得应该更多地感谢自己的能力，而不是过于关注自己的残疾。故选A。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我17岁的时候，一位老师鼓励我开始谈论我的信仰和克服逆境。A. complaining抱怨；B. worrying担心；C. memorizing记住；D. speaking说。由后文的“I made a speech”可知，老师鼓励作者开始谈论自己的信仰和克服逆境，故选D。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我第一次做演讲时，我很紧张。A. wild狂乱的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. exhausted筋疲力尽的；D. nervous紧张的。由上文的“The first time I made a speech”及常理可知，作者第一次做演讲时，应该觉得很紧张，故选D。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我演讲的前三分钟里，在场的一半女孩都哭了，而大多数男孩都在努力控制自己的情绪。A. smiling笑；B. crying哭；C. sighing叹气；D. shouting大
声喊。由后文的“One girl in particular was sobbing hard”可知，在场的一半女孩都哭了，故选B。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我演讲的前三分钟里，在场的一半女孩都哭了，而大多数男孩都在努力控制自己的情绪。A. sadness伤心；B. thought想法；C. emotion情绪；D. idea想法。由上文的“half of the girls on the spot were___12__, while most boys were struggling to control their__13__”可知，在场的人被感动了，一半女孩都哭了，而大多数男孩都在努力控制自己的情绪，故选C。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，她举起手说:“很抱歉打断你，我能上来拥抱你吗？”A. face脸；B. hand手；C. book书；D. note便条。由后文的“saying, ‘I was so sorry to__15___, but can I come up and hug you ’”可知，她是举手，然后说:“很抱歉打断你，我能上来拥抱你吗？”故选B。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，她举起手说:“很抱歉打断你，我能上来拥抱你吗？”A. stop使中断；B. reach到达；C. explain解释；D. adjust调整。由“I was so sorry to”可知，作者正在进行演讲，女孩是打断他的话，故选A。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她走了过来，当着大家的面拥抱了我，并在我耳边轻声说:“谢谢你。从来没有人对我说过他们爱我，说过我现在这样就很美。”A. followed跟随；B. seized抓住；C. hugged拥抱；D. pushed推。由上文的“hug you”可知，那个女孩是拥抱作者，故选C。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她走了过来，当着大家的面拥抱了我，并在我耳边轻声说:“谢谢你。从来没有人对我说过他们爱我，说过我现在这样就很美。”A. screamed尖叫；B. informed通知；C. shouted喊叫；D. whispered低语。由后文的“in my ear”可知，她是在作者耳边低语，故选D。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的感激激励我跨越44个国家，演讲2000次。A. expected期待；B. inspired鼓舞；C. intended打算；D. allowed允许。由后文的“me to go across 44 countries and speak 2,000 times”可知，她的感激激励作者跨越44个国家，演讲2000次，故选B。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时，我处于一个独特的位置，可以与世界各地的人分享这一观点。A. relate联系；B. connect连接；C. debate辩论；D. share分享。由后文的“this view with people around the world”可知，作者是与世界各地的人分享这一观点。故选D。
35．考查动词短语辨析。句意：无论你是谁，我希望你能从我的故事和我的信息中得到启发:远大的梦想，我的朋友，永不放弃！A. give up放弃；B. get along相处；C. take off 起飞；
D. break out爆发。根据“Dream big, my friend, and never ”可知，作者这是在传达一个信息，就是远大的梦想，我的朋友，永不放弃！，故选A。
36．C 37．C 38．B 39．D 40．B
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“全球征文大赛”的相关内容、参加条件、比赛时间和所设奖项。
36．细节理解题。根据第三段“Each essay should address only one of the questions in your chosen subject category, and must not exceed (超过) 2, 000 words.”（每篇文章应该只解决你所选主题类别中的一个问题，并且不能超过2000字。）可知，参赛文章应该是关于给出的问题中的一个。故选C。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段“All of our essay prizes are judged by senior academics from the University of Oxford.”（我们所有的文章奖都是由牛津大学的资深学者评判的。）可知，比赛的奖项是由牛津大学的资深学者评判的，不是网上投票选出。故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段“Candidates for the Junior Prize must be fourteen years old, or younger, on the date of the submission deadline.”（青少年奖的参赛者必须在提交在截止日期前不得超过14岁。）可知，想要参加青少年奖的比赛，不能超过14岁。故选B。
39．细节理解题。根据第四段“2. September: Awards Dinner for the Economics Prize and other prizes”（9月2日：经济学奖及其他奖项颁奖晚宴）可知，法学奖的获胜者应该是于9月2日参加颁奖晚宴。故选D。
40．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The candidate who submits the best essay overall will be awarded an honorary John Locke Institute Junior, Fellowship, which comes with a US $10, 000 scholarship to attend one or more of our summer schools.”（提交最佳文章的参赛者将获得荣誉约翰·洛克研究所青年助学金，伴有10,000美元的奖学金，用于参加我们的一个或多个暑期学校。）可知，最佳文章的参赛者会得到一笔上暑期学校的奖学金。故选B。
41．C 42．D 43．B 44．A 45．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要向读者介绍了美国著名的作家 Alfred Strong及其作品的有关信息。
41．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“One of the best-known American writers of children’s books
is Alfred Strong, or Doctor Strong, as he is better known to readers everywhere. (美国最著名的儿童读物作家之一是阿尔弗雷德·斯特朗，或斯特朗博士，因为他在世界各地的读者中更为人所知。)”可知，美国最著名的儿童读物作家之一是阿尔弗雷德·斯特朗，或斯特朗博士，结合选项，故选C。
42．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Doctor Strong first became famous almost fifty years ago when his first children’s book was published. (斯特朗博士在近50年前首次成名，当时他出版了第一本儿童读物。)”，以及最后一段中“Doctor Strong is almost eighty-four years old now.(斯特朗博士现在快84岁了。)”可知，斯特朗博士现在已经84岁了，故斯特朗博士在30多岁的时候写了第一本书以后就出名了。结合选项，故选D。
43．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Doctor Strong’s books are known for their easy use of words and colorful, hand-drawn pictures. (斯特朗博士的书以其易于使用的文字和丰富多彩的手绘图片而闻名)”可知，斯特朗博士的书受欢迎是因为书中的简单的文字和手绘的彩色图片著称。结合选项，故选B。
44．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中“The Cat in the Hat, Horton the Elephant, The Grinch Who Stole Christmas, and hundreds of others.(《戴帽子的猫》、《大象霍顿》、《偷了圣诞节的圣诞怪杰》等等。)”可知，这些故事的主角都是虚构的生物。A.unreal不真实的；B.interesting有趣的；C.lively生动的；D.terrible可怕的。故选A。
45．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Most of Doctor Strong’s books, although written in a funny way, have serious messages. For example, in Mc Elligot’s Pool, he describes the danger of pollution. He discusses the arms race in The Butter Battle Book, written in nineteen eighty-four.(斯特朗博士的大部分书，虽然写得很有趣，但却传达了严肃的信息。例如，在《埃利戈特的泳池》中，他描述了污染的危险。他在1984年出版的《黄油之战》一书中讨论了军备竞赛。)”说明他写的书不仅为了引起人们的兴趣，而且为了揭露一些严重的社会问题。故选D。
46．B 47．B 48．D 49．C 50．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了植物在有压力的情况下会说话，它们的声音可以被动物听到。这项研究可能会导致更有效的农业和更好的环境保护。
46．推理判断题。根据第二段“Plants were put in a sound-proof chamber (隔音室) and were recorded by two microphones. Some plants were in need of water, others were cut, and a control
group were left undamaged. The researchers used an AI algorithm to separate the sounds successfully identifying the differences between the sounds made depending on whether they were dry or cut.(把植物放在一个隔音室里，用两个麦克风录音。一些植物需要浇水，另一些被切割，而对照组则完好无损。研究人员使用一种人工智能算法来分离声音，成功地识别出声音之间的差异，这取决于它们是干燥的还是被割的。)”可推断，作者在第二段详细描述了实验的过程。故选B。
47．细节理解题。根据第四段“If farmers were able to receive exact information directly from their crop, they could start a much more efficient method of care. The study thinks that more proper irrigation(灌溉) could save up to 50% of water cost and greatly improve the product. (如果农民能够直接从他们的作物中获得准确的信息，他们就可以开始一种更有效的护理方法。研究认为，更合理的灌溉可以节省高达50%的水成本，并大大改善产品。)”可知，研究人员的发现可能有助于农民照顾好他们的作物。故选B。
48．细节理解题。根据第三段“Though this has yet to be proven, it’s possible that these animals use this information for their benefit, choosing which plants to eat, for example. (虽然这还有待证实，但有可能这些动物利用这些信息来为自己谋利，比如选择吃哪种植物。)”可知，一些动物可能利用植物发出的声音来选择食物。故选D。
49．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A research group, led by a scientist Professor Lilach Hadany at Tel Aviv University, have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants talk, particularly in certain stressful situations. (由特拉维夫大学的科学家Lilach Hadany教授领导的一个研究小组进行了一项为期六年的实验，证明植物会说话，尤其是在某些压力大的情况下。)”、第二段“The researchers used an AI algorithm to separate the sounds successfully identifying the differences between the sounds made depending on whether they were dry or cut. (研究人员使用一种人工智能算法来分离声音，成功地识别出声音之间的差异，这取决于它们是干燥的还是被割的。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了植物在有压力的情况下会说话，它们的声音可以被动物听到。这项研究可能会导致更有效的农业和更好的环境保护。所以“Plants talk, and now we are listening.(植物会说话，现在我们在听。)”故选C。
50．推理判断题。根据第一段“A research group, led by a scientist Professor Lilach Hadany at Tel Aviv University, have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants talk, particularly in certain stressful situations. (由特拉维夫大学的科学家Lilach Hadany教授领导的一个研究小组进行了一项为期六年的实验，证明植物会说话，尤其是在某些压力大的情况下。)”及全文
可推断，作者的目的是介绍一项科学发现。故选C。
51．B 52．A 53．D 54．B 55．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一项建立海底实验室的计划。
51．推理判断题。由第二段“Mr. Cousteau is the grandson of Jacques Cousteau, an ocean scientist who brought the wonders of the sea to the attention of people around the world. Fabien Cousteau has gone the same way, exploring the sea as a scientist and working to protect the oceans. (库斯托先生是海洋科学家雅克·库斯托的孙子，他将海洋奇观带给了世界各地的人们。法比安·库斯托也走上了同样的道路，作为一名科学家探索海洋，并致力于保护海洋)”可推知，法比安·库斯托成为海洋探险家的可能原因是受到他祖父的影响。故选B项。
52．推理判断题。由第三段“Though the ocean is all around us, studying it is a challenge. Divers are limited in how far down they can go and how long they can stay below. Returning to the surface can be dangerous. After a deep dive, divers must wait for hours before they dive again. (尽管海洋就在我们周围，但研究它是一项挑战。潜水员在往下走多远和在下面呆多久都是有限的。返回水面可能很危险。深潜后，潜水员必须等待数小时才能再次潜水)”和第四段中的“The new undersea laboratory is designed to solve many of those problems. (新的海底实验室旨在解决其中的许多问题)”及“By actually living under the sea, scientists will be able to dive and work for much longer without worrying about the dangers of coming to the surface. (通过实际生活在海底，科学家们将能够潜水和工作更长的时间，而不用担心浮出水面的危险)”可推知，研究海洋有许多危险，新的海底实验室旨在解决这些问题，Cousteau设立Proteus的目的是使研究海洋变得容易一些。故选A项。
53．细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“Proteus is also expected to have the first underwater greenhouse in the world, so that the lab will be able to grow some of its own food. (Proteus预计还将拥有世界上第一个水下温室，这样实验室就可以自己种植一些食物)”可知，在Proteus里面可以自己种植一些食物（蔬菜）。故选D项。
54．细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Mr. Cousteau and Mr. Behar are working together to raise money to build Proteus. They say it’ll cost about $135 million. (库斯托先生和贝哈尔先生正在共同筹集资金来建造Proteus。他们说这将花费大约1.35亿美元。计划要求在加勒比海库拉索岛外海面下18米的海底建造Proteus)”可知，Proteus建造资金需要筹集，预计大约1.35亿美元，Proteus建造成本很高。故选B项。
55．主旨大意题。由第一段“Fabien Cousteau, an ocean explorer, has announced plans to build a large research station under the ocean. The goal of the project is to become an “underwater version of the International Space Station (ISS)”. (海洋探险家法比安·库斯托宣布计划在海底建造一个大型研究站。该项目的目标是成为“国际空间站的水下版本”)”和全文内容可知，海洋探险家Fabien Cousteau宣布计划在海底建造一个大型研究站，该项目的目标是成为“国际空间站的水下版本”。由此可知，本文旨在介绍一项建立海底研究站的计划。故选D项。
56．Sydney died at the age of 11. 57．PPD aims to raise money to help do a research on removing brain cancer. 58．Cut off. 59．Because he found PPD, which has helped fund the research of life-saving technology. 60．We have learned that it is possible to make a difference in the world with devotion.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述在作者11岁的时候，他的朋友Sydney因为脑癌去世，因此他15岁的时候和朋友成立PPD募捐活动，募集资金帮助寻找脑癌的治疗方法。PPD募捐活动得到公众的认可，并且为一些科学发现提供了启动资金，作者的经验告诉我们只要付出，就有可能改变世界。
56．考查细节理解。根据第一段“When I was 10, my friend Sydney suffered from a brain cancer. Sydney fought against it, but the cancer did not respond to the treatment, and could not be removed. Sydney died at the age of 11. (在我10岁的时候，我的朋友Sydney患了脑癌。Sydney与癌症作了斗争，但是癌症对治疗没有反应，也不能切除。Sydney 11岁时就去世了。)”由此可知，Sydney在11岁时由于脑癌去世了。故答案为Sydney died at the age of 11.
57．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Over the years, PPD had held fundraisers (募捐活动) across the city. The first Pink Polka Dots Guild event, a garage sale, just raised $900, but our latest fundraiser, the 2012 golf tournament, brought in over $73,000. In the past five years, we have raised almost a million dollars to help do a research on removing brain cancer. (多年来，PPD在整个城市举办募捐活动。第一次PPD公会活动，一场车库甩卖，刚刚筹集了900美元，但我们最新的筹款活动，2012年的高尔夫锦标赛，筹集了超过73000美元。在过去的五年里，我们已经筹集了近一百万美元来帮助进行一项移除脑癌的研究。)”以及第五段“The efforts that we have made has truly helped cancer research. PPD has provided start-up funding for scientific discoveries (我们所做的努力确实帮助了癌症研究。PPD为一些科学发现提供了启动资金)”可知，PPD活动旨在筹集资金帮助移除脑癌的研究。故答案为PPD aims to raise money to help
do a research on removing brain cancer.
58．考查词句猜测。根据第二段“When I was 15 years old, I founded the Pink Polka Dots Guild (PPD) with two friends. My goal is to raise enough money to find a cure for brain cancer, which is the second most common cancer in children. (当我15岁的时候，我和两个朋友一起创建了PPD。我的目标是筹集足够的资金来找到脑癌的治疗方法，脑癌是儿童中第二常见的癌症。)”再根据划线处后面的brain cancer，可知是找到治疗方法消除或者切除脑癌，所以推断removing意为“消除，移除，切除”。故答案为Cut off.
59．考查推理判断。根据第五段“The efforts that we have made has truly helped cancer research. PPD has provided start-up funding for scientific discoveries, such as “Tumor Paint”, which illuminates (照射) cancerous cells so that doctors can remove them with amazing accuracy. The discovery appeared in Time Magazine. I was very proud to have helped fund the research of this life-saving technology. (我们所做的努力确实帮助了癌症研究。PPD为一些科学发现提供了启动资金，比如“肿瘤染色”，它能照亮癌细胞，这样医生就能以惊人的准确性切除它们。这一发现刊登在《时代》杂志上。我很自豪能够资助这项拯救生命的技术的研究。)”由此可推断出，作者创立的PPD为一些科学发现提供了资金，为这些研究提供了帮助，所以作者感到很自豪。故答案为Because he found PPD, which has helped fund the research of life-saving technology.
60．考查推理判断。根据最后一段“Pink Polka Dots has inspired me to be an activist. My experience has taught me that with devotion, it is possible to make a difference in the world. The determination that Pink Polka Dots set off in me has carried over to all aspects of my life, making me a competitive speaker and a devoted volunteer. (PPD激励我成为一名积极分子。我的经验告诉我，只要付出，就有可能改变世界。PPD带给我的决心影响了我生活的方方面面，使我成为一名有竞争力的演讲者和一名敬业的志愿者。)”可知我们能从作者经历中学习到只要付出，就有可能改变世界。故答案为 We have learned that it is possible to make a difference in the world with devotion.
61．Dear Peter,
I’m Li Jin, the person in charge of Chinese Calligraphy and Painting club at our school. Next, I will explain some knowledge about Chinese calligraphy and fine arts to you. First of all, the Guofeng Art Club was established in 2010, for students who are interested in Chinese painting and Chinese calligraphy, or have special skills. Secondly, both Chinese painting and calligraphy are
unique art forms of China, which have a long history and contain the charm of traditional Chinese culture. Finally, I sincerely invite you to join the club and look forward to your early reply.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假如你是李津，是你所在学校的国风美术社团负责人，请给你校新转来的美国交换生Peter写一封邮件，内容包括：国风美术社团成立于2010年，面向对中国画及中国书法有兴趣、或有特长的同学；国画与书法都是中国独特的艺术形式，历史悠久，蕴含着中华传统文化的魅力；邀请他加入社团并期待他的早日回复。
【详解】1.词汇积累
负责，管理：in charge of→take charge of
首先，最重要的是：first of all→above all
建立：establish→set up
最后：finally→at last→in the end
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m Li Jin, the person in charge of Chinese Calligraphy and Painting club at our school.
拓展句：I’m Li Jin, the person who is in charge of Chinese Calligraphy and Painting club at our school.
【点睛】【高分句型1】First of all, the Guofeng Art Club was established in 2010, for students who are interested in Chinese painting and Chinese calligraphy, or have special skills.（运用了who引导的限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Secondly, both Chinese painting and calligraphy are unique art forms of China, which have a long history and contain the charm of traditional Chinese culture.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．—I will never go back to school again. It's a tough period in my life.
— ________. Who knows what may happen tomorrow.
A．Forget it B．I hope so C．Never say never D．I totally agree
2．Who were the first people ________ to have reached the top of Qomolangma
A．donated B．confirmed C．deserved D．erupted
3．I have been convinced that the print media are usually more accurate and more ________ than the Internet.
A．reliable B．incredible C．temporary D．flexible
4．Such warm weather is ________ uncommon for January.
A．virtually B．initially C．immediately D．exceptionally
5．Many new houses ________ for the local people since last year.
A．were built B．are being built C．are building D．have been built
6．________ the environment, it is necessary to create more eco-friendly means of transportation.
A．In terms of B．In search of C．In need of D．In exchange for
7．The young man is running to seek ________ from the rain.
A．shelter B．chapter C．concept D．crowd
8．Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see
everything.
A．were displaying B．are displaying
C．were being displayed D．are being displayed
9．Her head and arms are missing, but you can imagine her ________ her arms up high, celebrating the result of an ancient battle.
A．held B．to hold C．holding D．having held
10．Some scientists have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him to ________ his theory of gravity.
A．live up to B．put up with
C．look up to D．come up with
11．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ________ she could turn for help.
A．that B．to whom C．who D．from whom
12．________ has been proved is that animals have their own means of communication.
A．As B．It C．What D．That
13．People’s abilities differ, but their rights and opportunities ________ be the same.
A．could B．might C．need D．should
14．Encourage your child in his interests and hobbies ________ they're things that you know little about.
A．so that B．even if C．in case D．as if
15．When ________ comes to basketball, Mary knows little about it.
A．one B．it C．that D．this
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
I never think my life is 16 with no arms, but through the love of my parents, I have overcome difficulties and my life is now filled with 17 and purpose. I love seeing people’s 18 changed for the better. It is my hope that your life is 19 affected by my story.
I wasn’t 20 during my entire childhood, but I did have ups and downs. When I was thirteen, I 21 my foot, which I use to do many things like typing 22 and washing. The injury made me realize that I need to be more 23 for my abilities and less concentrated upon my 24 .
A teacher encouraged me to start 25 about my faith and overcoming difficulties when I was 17. The first time I made a speech, I was very 26 , Within the first three minutes of my talk, half of the girls on the
spot were 27 , while most boys were struggling to control their 28 . One girl in particular was crying hard. Suddenly she put her 29 up, saying, “I was so sorry to 30 you, but can I come up and hug you ”
She came and 31 me before everyone, and 32 in my ear, “Thank you. No one has ever told me that they loved me and that I am beautiful the way I am.”
Her thanks 33 me to go across 44 countries and speak 2, 000 times. I realized that we all need love and hope. Then, I was in a unique position to 34 this view with people around the world.
Whoever you are, I hope you will be inspired by my story and my message:Dream big, my friend, and never 35 !
16．A．hard B．tiring C．easy D．important
17．A．love B．challenge C．energy D．trouble
18．A．quality B．life C．experience D．activity
19．A．differently B．positively C．generally D．hardly
20．A．depressed B．impressed C．excited D．lonely
21．A．treated B．destroyed C．weakened D．hurt
22．A．sleeping B．sailing C．writing D．climbing
23．A．responsible B．ready C．thankful D．suitable
24．A．disabilities B．hobbies C．difficulties D．disasters
25．A．complaining B．worrying C．memorizing D．speaking
26．A．wild B．sensitive C．exhausted D．nervous
27．A．smiling B．crying C．sighing D．shouting
28．A．sadness B．thought C．emotion D．idea
29．A．face B．hand C．book D．note
30．A．stop B．reach C．explain D．adjust
31．A．followed B．seized C．hugged D．pushed
32．A．screamed B．informed C．shouted D．whispered
33．A．expected B．inspired C．intended D．allowed
34．A．relate B．connect C．debate D．share
35．A．give up B．get along C．take off D．break out
第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Global Essay Competition
The John Locke Institute encourages young people to develop the characteristics that turn good students into great writers. Our Essay Competition invites students to explore a wide range of challenging and interesting questions beyond the limits of the school curriculum (课程).
All of our essay prizes are judged by senior academics from the University of Oxford. The judges will choose their favourite essay from each subject category and an overall “best essay” across six subjects: Philosophy, Politics, Economics, History, Psychology and Law.
Entry Requirements
Entry is open to students from any country. Candidates must be eighteen years old, or younger, on the date of the submission deadline, 30 June. Candidates for the Junior Prize must be fourteen years old, or younger, on the date of the submission deadline. Each essay should address only one of the questions in your chosen subject category, and must not exceed (超过) 2, 000 words.
Key Dates
30 June: Submission deadline
14 July: Short-listed candidates informed
26 August: Awards Dinner for the Junior Prize
2. September: Awards Dinner for the Economics Prize and other prizes
Prizes
There is a prize for the best essay in each category. The prize for each winner of a subject category, and the winner of the Junior category, is a scholarship worth US $2,000 towards the cost of attending any John Locke Institute programme, and the essays will be published on the Institute’s website. The prize-giving ceremony will take place in Oxford.
The candidate who submits the best essay overall will be awarded an honorary John Locke Institute Junior, Fellowship, which comes with a US $10, 000 scholarship to attend one or more of our summer schools.
36．What should the entry be about
A．The limits of school courses. B．The characteristics of great writers.
C．One of the given questions. D．Anything in the chosen fields.
37．What is NOT true about the competition
A．It sets a word limit on essays.
B．It has six subject categories.
C．Its prizes are judged by voting online.
D．It is open to any student regardless of his or her nationality.
38．Those who want to compete for the Junior Prize should not be over _________years old.
A．10 B．14 C．18 D．20
39．When will the Law Prize winner attend the awards dinner
A．On 30 June. B．On 14 July.
C．On 26 August. D．On 2 September.
40．What will the overall best essay candidate receive
A．A fellowship at Oxford University. B．A summer school scholarship.
C．A chance to get published. D．A US $1, 000 award.
B
One of the best-known American writers of children’s books is Alfred Strong, or Doctor Strong, as he is better known to readers everywhere. Now, an art show called “Doctor Strong From Then to Now” is travelling around the United States. The pictures and drawings show the history of Doctor Strong.
Doctor Strong first became famous almost fifty years ago when his first children’s book was published. Since then, he has written forty-five books that have sold more than one hundred million copies around the world.
Doctor Strong’s books are known for their easy use of words and colorful, hand-drawn pictures. These drawings bring life to his imaginary creatures. The Cat in the Hat, Horton the Elephant, The Grinch Who Stole Christmas, and hundreds of others.
The San Diego Museum, in California, organized the art show. It included about three hundred Doctor Strong’s original drawings and some of his writings.
Most of Doctor Strong’s books, although written in a funny way, have serious messages. For example, in Mc Elligot’s Pool, he describes the danger of pollution. He discusses the arms race in The Butter Battle Book, written in nineteen eighty-four.
Doctor Strong is almost eighty-four years old now. He says he never planned to write stories just for children. He says he writes stories that interest people of all ages. He says he uses easy words so that everyone, even a child, can understand.
41．Doctor Strong is a famous ________in the United States.
A．doctor B．artist C．writer D．reader.
42．Doctor Strong first became famous in ________.
A．his eighties when an art show was travelling around the United States
B．his fifties when his drawings and writings were published
C．nineteen eighty-four wen his book MeEligor’s Pool was published
D．his thirties when his first book was published
43．Doctor Strong’s books are very popular in America because ________.
A．they are stories about animals such as cats, elephants and so on
B．they are written in easy words with colourful pictures
C．he organized the art show in California
D．they are written in a funny way
44．What does the underlined word “imaginary” in paragraph 3 mean
A．unreal B．interesting C．lively D．terrible
45．His purpose in writing many such books is ________.
A．to show his original pictures and drawings
B．to organize a special art show of his own
C．to make his readers laugh or smile when they read his books
D．not only to interest people but to expose some serious social problems
C
A research group, led by a scientist Professor Lilach Hadany at Tel Aviv University, have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants talk, particularly in certain stressful situations.
Plants were put in a sound-proof chamber (隔音室) and were recorded by two microphones. Some plants were in need of water, others were cut, and a control group were left undamaged. The researchers used an AI algorithm to separate the sounds successfully identifying the differences between the sounds made depending on whether they were dry or cut.
On average, the human ear can hear sounds up to around 20kHz, but the sounds produced by plants are in the 40-80kHz region, far beyond our hearing capabilities. That doesn’t mean they can’t be heard. “White unnoticed to the human ear, the sounds sent out by plants can probably be heard by various animals, such as bats, mice, and insects,” Hadany tells us. Though this has yet to be proven, it’s possible that these animals use this information for
their benefit, choosing which plants to eat, for example.
While farming has become a science itself, there’s still a lot of estimation (估计) involved. If farmers were able to receive exact information directly from their crop, they could start a much more efficient method of care. The study thinks that more proper irrigation (灌溉) could save up to 50% of water cost and greatly improve the product. “In times when more and more areas are exposed to drought due to climate change, efficient water use becomes even more necessary, for both food safety and natural environment.” They would also be able to better identify and control disease in a crop.
The sounds sent out by plants are not cries for help, but rather a by-product of material stress rather than communication. Just as Hadany notes, “Obviously, a wonderful field of flowers can be a rather noisy place. It’s just that we can’t hear the sounds.”
46．The author tries to tell the readers in Para. 2 ______.
A．the differences between the sounds
B．the process of the experiments
C．the inventions from the farmers
D．the function of the plants
47．The researchers’ findings may contribute to the farmers of ______.
A．earning a lot of money
B．taking good care of their crop
C．recognizing the origin of the plant
D．making full preparations for a discovery
48．What can be learned about the experiment in Para. 3
A．Some insects can notice the smell of the plants.
B．Not all the people can improve their work efficiency.
C．Neither animals nor plants can hear the sounds by people.
D．Some animals may use the sounds by plants to choose food.
49．What could be the best title for the passage
A．Why people conduct experiments with plants.
B．Science matters, and we are making it.
C．Plants talk, and now we are listening.
D．How plants reduce their stress.
50．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A．To promote a new technology.
B．To recommend a research team.
C．To introduce a scientific discovery.
D．To explain a historical event.
D
Fabien Cousteau, an ocean explorer, has announced plans to build a large research station under the ocean. The goal of the project is to become an “underwater version of the International Space Station (ISS)”.
Mr. Cousteau is the grandson of Jacques Cousteau, an ocean scientist who brought the wonders of the sea to the attention of people around the world. Fabien Cousteau has gone the same way, exploring the sea as a scientist and working to protect the oceans.
Though the ocean is all around us, studying it is a challenge. Divers are limited in how far down they can go and how long they can stay below. Returning to the surface can be dangerous. After a deep dive, divers must wait for hours before they dive again.
The new undersea laboratory is designed to solve many of those problems. Named “Proteus” the lab is a 370-square-meter structure that can be a home for up to 12 people at a time. By actually living under the sea, scientists will be able to dive and work for much longer without worrying about the dangers of coming to the surface.
Mr. Cousteau says that the research base won’t just be used to study and help protect the sea, but also to research new ways of creating energy and perhaps even searching for new medicines.
The power for the station is expected to come from solar energy and the movement of the ocean. Proteus is also expected to have the first underwater greenhouse in the world, so that the lab will be able to grow some of its own food.
Proteus was designed by Yves Behar, a well-known designer. Mr. Cousteau and Mr. Behar are working together to raise money to build Proteus. They say it’ll cost about $135 million. Plans call for Proteus to be built on the sea floor 18 meters below the ocean’s surface off the island of Curacao in the Caribbean Sea. Mr. Cousteau hopes to have the lab completed and ready to use by 2025.
51．What is the possible reason why Fabien Cousteau becomes an ocean explorer
A．The strong support of his family. B．The influence of his grandfather.
C．The trouble in exploring the ocean. D．The dream of building the ISS in water.
52．What is the purpose of Fabien Cousteau’s building Proteus
A．To make studying the ocean easy. B．To get more of the ocean mapped.
C．To become known for his research. D．To draw attention to ocean exploration.
53．What is expected to be possible in Proteus
A．Exploring the island of Curacao. B．Living in the sea forever.
C．Creating solar energy. D．Planting vegetables.
54．What can we know about Proteus from the passage
A．It has been put to use. B．It’s expensive to build.
C．It’s in the testing stage. D．It’s built in the Pacific Ocean.
55．What is the passage mainly about
A．A world-known ocean explorer. B．A newly-built undersea laboratory
C．An advanced way to explore the ocean D．A plan for an undersea research station.
第二部分:写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节：阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。
When I was 10, my friend Sydney suffered from a brain cancer. Sydney fought against it, but the cancer did not respond to the treatment, and could not be removed. Sydney died at the age of 11.
After her death, I felt sad and discouraged. I decided to turn these negative emotions into positive actions. When I was 15 years old, I founded the Pink Polka Dots Guild (PPD) with two friends. My goal is to raise enough money to find a cure for brain cancer, which is the second most common cancer in children.
Over the years, PPD had held fundraisers (募捐活动) across the city. The first Pink Polka Dots Guild event, a garage sale, just raised $900, but our latest fundraiser, the 2012 golf tournament, brought in over $73,000. In the past five years, we have raised almost a million dollars to help do a research on removing brain cancer.
I’ve been shocked by the public recognition that PPD has earned. It received an award from President. This great honour raised awareness and money for our cause.
The efforts that we have made has truly helped cancer research. PPD has provided start-up funding for scientific discoveries, such as “Tumor Paint”, which illuminates (照射) cancerous cells so that doctors can remove them with amazing accuracy. The discovery appeared in Time Magazine. I was very proud to have helped fund the research of this life-saving technology.
Pink Polka Dots has inspired me to be an activist. My experience has taught me that with devotion, it is
possible to make a difference in the world. The determination that Pink Polka Dots set off in me has carried over to all aspects of my life, making me a competitive speaker and a devoted volunteer.
56．What happened to Sydney when she was 11 (No more than 10 words)
57．What does PPD aim to do (No more than 14 words)
58．What does the underlined word “removing” in Paragraph 3 mean (No more than 5 words)
59．Why did the author feel proud according to Paragraph 5 (No more than 15 words)
60．What can we learn from the author’s experience according to the passage (No more Than 25 words)
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
61．假如你是李津，是你所在学校的国风美术社团负责人，请给你校新转来的美国交换生Peter写一封邮件，内容包括：
(1)国风美术社团成立于2010年，面向对中国画及中国书法有兴趣、或有特长的同学;
(2)国画与书法都是中国独特的艺术形式，历史悠久，蕴含着中华传统文化的魅力;
(3)邀请他加入社团并期待他的早日回复。
注意：
(1)词数不少于100(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数);
(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
I’m Li Jin, the person in charge of Chinese Calligraphy and Painting club at our school.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Jin
参考答案：
1．C
【详解】考查常用表达辨析。句意：我再也不会回学校了。这是我人生艰难的时刻。--永远都不要说绝不。没有人知道明天会发生什么。A. forget it 忘了吧；B. I hope so 我希望如此；C. Never say never 永远不要说绝不；D. I totally agree 我完全赞同。根据回答的第二句可知第二个说话人不赞成第一个说话人的过于绝对的观点。故用C项的Never say never“永远不要说绝不”表示一种不同意。故选C项。
2．B
【详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：谁是第一个被证实登上珠穆朗玛峰的人？A. donated捐献；B. confirmed证实，确认；C. deserved值得；D. erupted爆发。分析句子可知，空处是修饰the first people的后置定语，结合“to have reached the top of Qomolangma”可推知，confirmed“证实，确认”符合题意，表示“第一个被证实登上珠穆朗玛峰的人”，confirm和the first people逻辑上是被动关系，所以用confirm的过去分词形式。故选B。
3．A
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我一直相信，印刷媒体通常比互联网更准确、更可靠。A. reliable可靠的；B. incredible不可思议的；C. temporary临时的；D. flexible灵活的。根据句意和上文的“more accurate”可知，此处应是更可靠的。故选A。
4．D
【详解】考查副词辨析 。句意：这样温暖的天气在一月份是异常罕见的。A.virtually事实上，几乎，实质上；B.initially最初，首先；C.immediately立刻，立即；D.exceptionally异常地，特殊地，例外地。由语意可知，这样温暖的天气在一月份是异常罕见的。故选D。
5．D
【详解】考查被动语态。句意：自去年以来，为当地人建造了许多新房子。根据时间状语since last year可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态；本句主语houses是动作的承受者，表示房屋被建造，所以空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态的被动语态：has/have been done，主语是复数houses，所以此处助动词需用have。故选D。
6．A
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：就环境而言，有必要创造更环保的交通工具。A. In terms of就……而言；B. In search of寻找；C. In need of需要；D. In exchange for交换。根据“it is
necessary to create more eco-friendly means of transportation”可推知，句子在从环境方面来考虑创造更环保的交通工具的必要性，In terms of“就……而言”符合题意，意为“就环境而言”。故选A。
7．A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个年轻人正在跑去避雨。A. shelter收容所，庇护；B. chapter章节；C. concept概念；D. crowd人群。根据后文“from the rain”可知是寻找遮蔽，故选A。
8．D
【详解】考查时态和语态。目前，大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知，应该用现在进行时；display与主语works之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动。故选D。
9．C
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：她的头和手臂都丢失了，但你可以想象她高举双臂，庆祝一场古代战役的胜利。根据celebrating the result of an ancient battle可知此处也要用现在分词形式，作imagine的宾语补足语。短语imagine sb. doing sth.“想象某人…，假定某人…”，强调做事的状态。故选C项。
10．D
【详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：一些科学家甚至也怀疑过牛顿的故事：一个苹果掉下来砸中了牛顿的脑袋，促使他提出了万有引力定律。A.live up to达到；满足；B.put up with忍受；C.look up to仰慕；尊敬；D.come up with提出。根据句中 his theory of gravity，可知此处指提出理论。选项D符合题意，故选D。
11．B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。分析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是person，指人，turn to sb for help向某人求助，故介词用to，关系词在从句中作介词宾语，应用关系代词whom，故选B。
12．C
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：事实证明，动物有它们自己的交流方式。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作句子的主语，主语从句缺少主语，结合句意可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词。故选C。
13．D
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：人们的能力不同，但他们的权利和机会应该是相同的。A.could可能；B.might或许；C.need需要；D.should应该。结合句意，此处指人们的权利和机会应该是一样的。选项D符合题意，故选D。
14．B
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：鼓励你的孩子保持兴趣和爱好，即使你对这些事情知之甚少。A.so that以便，为的是；B.even if即使；C.in case以防；D.as if好像。根据句中设空处前后的意思，可知设空后的内容为让步状语，意思为“纵然，即使”，选项B符合题意，故选B。
15．B
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：当谈到篮球的时候，玛丽对此知之甚少。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是固定句型when it comes to...“当谈到……的时候”。故选B。
16．C 17．A 18．B 19．B 20．A 21．D 22．C 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．D 27．B 28．C 29．B 30．A 31．C 32．D 33．B 34．D 35．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者虽然没有胳膊，他却用自己的故事激励了很多的人，作者希望人们追逐梦想，永不放弃。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我从不认为没有胳膊的生活是容易的，但通过我父母的爱，我克服了逆境，我的生活现在充满了爱和目标。A. hard困难的；B. tiring累人的；C. easy容易的；D. important重要的。由“never think”以及下文“but through the love of my parents, I have overcome difficulties ”（但通过我父母的爱，我克服了逆境）可知，句子表示“我从不认为没有胳膊的生活是容易的”，故选C。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从不认为没有胳膊的生活是容易的，但通过我父母的爱，我克服了逆境，我的生活现在充满了爱和目标。A. love爱；B. challenge挑战；C. energy能量；D. trouble麻烦。由上文的“through the love of my parents”可知，作者的生活充满了爱和目标，故选A。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢看到人们的生活变得更好。A. quality质量；B. life生活；C. experience经历；D. activity活动。由后文的“your life is __4___ affected by my story”可知，此处意思是作者喜欢看到人们的生活变得更好，故选B。
19．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我希望我的故事能对你们的生活产生积极的影响。A. differently不同地；B. positively积极地；C. generally普遍地；D. hardly几乎不。由上文的“changed for the better”可知，作者希望自己的故事能对读者的生活产生积极的影响，故选B。
20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的整个童年都没有抑郁，但我确实有过起起落落。A. depressed沮丧的；B. impressed印象深刻的；C. excited激动的；D. lonely孤独的。由后文的“but I did have ups and downs”可知，作者的整个童年都没有沮丧，但她确实有过起起落落，故选A。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：13岁的时候，我的脚受伤了，我用脚做很多事情，比如打字、写作和洗衣服。A. treated治疗；B. destroyed破坏；C. weakened（使）虚弱；D. hurt受伤。由后文的“The injury”可知，作者的脚受伤了，故选D。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：13岁的时候，我的脚受伤了，我用脚做很多事情，比如打字、写字和洗衣服。A. sleeping睡觉；B. sailing航行；C. writing写；D. climbing爬。由第一段的“with no arms”和“my foot, which I use to do many things like typing, __7___and washing”可知，作者没有胳膊，所以用脚做很多事情，比如打字、写字和洗衣服，故选C。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这次受伤让我意识到，我应该更多地感谢自己的能力，而不是过于关注自己的残疾。A. responsible负责的；B. ready准备好的；C. thankful感激的；D. suitable适当的。由后文的“for my abilities”可知，作者意识到自己应该更多地感谢自己的能力，故选C。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次受伤让我意识到，我应该更多地感谢自己的能力，而不是过于关注自己的残疾。A. disabilities残疾；B. hobbies爱好；C. difficulties困难；D. disasters灾难。由前文的“for my abilities and less concentrated upon my”可知，作者觉得应该更多地感谢自己的能力，而不是过于关注自己的残疾。故选A。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我17岁的时候，一位老师鼓励我开始谈论我的信仰和克服逆境。A. complaining抱怨；B. worrying担心；C. memorizing记住；D. speaking说。由后文的“I made a speech”可知，老师鼓励作者开始谈论自己的信仰和克服逆境，故选D。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我第一次做演讲时，我很紧张。A. wild狂乱的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. exhausted筋疲力尽的；D. nervous紧张的。由上文的“The first time I made a speech”及常理可知，作者第一次做演讲时，应该觉得很紧张，故选D。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我演讲的前三分钟里，在场的一半女孩都哭了，而大多数男孩都在努力控制自己的情绪。A. smiling笑；B. crying哭；C. sighing叹气；D. shouting大
声喊。由后文的“One girl in particular was sobbing hard”可知，在场的一半女孩都哭了，故选B。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我演讲的前三分钟里，在场的一半女孩都哭了，而大多数男孩都在努力控制自己的情绪。A. sadness伤心；B. thought想法；C. emotion情绪；D. idea想法。由上文的“half of the girls on the spot were___12__, while most boys were struggling to control their__13__”可知，在场的人被感动了，一半女孩都哭了，而大多数男孩都在努力控制自己的情绪，故选C。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，她举起手说:“很抱歉打断你，我能上来拥抱你吗？”A. face脸；B. hand手；C. book书；D. note便条。由后文的“saying, ‘I was so sorry to__15___, but can I come up and hug you ’”可知，她是举手，然后说:“很抱歉打断你，我能上来拥抱你吗？”故选B。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，她举起手说:“很抱歉打断你，我能上来拥抱你吗？”A. stop使中断；B. reach到达；C. explain解释；D. adjust调整。由“I was so sorry to”可知，作者正在进行演讲，女孩是打断他的话，故选A。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她走了过来，当着大家的面拥抱了我，并在我耳边轻声说:“谢谢你。从来没有人对我说过他们爱我，说过我现在这样就很美。”A. followed跟随；B. seized抓住；C. hugged拥抱；D. pushed推。由上文的“hug you”可知，那个女孩是拥抱作者，故选C。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她走了过来，当着大家的面拥抱了我，并在我耳边轻声说:“谢谢你。从来没有人对我说过他们爱我，说过我现在这样就很美。”A. screamed尖叫；B. informed通知；C. shouted喊叫；D. whispered低语。由后文的“in my ear”可知，她是在作者耳边低语，故选D。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的感激激励我跨越44个国家，演讲2000次。A. expected期待；B. inspired鼓舞；C. intended打算；D. allowed允许。由后文的“me to go across 44 countries and speak 2,000 times”可知，她的感激激励作者跨越44个国家，演讲2000次，故选B。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时，我处于一个独特的位置，可以与世界各地的人分享这一观点。A. relate联系；B. connect连接；C. debate辩论；D. share分享。由后文的“this view with people around the world”可知，作者是与世界各地的人分享这一观点。故选D。
35．考查动词短语辨析。句意：无论你是谁，我希望你能从我的故事和我的信息中得到启发:远大的梦想，我的朋友，永不放弃！A. give up放弃；B. get along相处；C. take off 起飞；
D. break out爆发。根据“Dream big, my friend, and never ”可知，作者这是在传达一个信息，就是远大的梦想，我的朋友，永不放弃！，故选A。
36．C 37．C 38．B 39．D 40．B
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“全球征文大赛”的相关内容、参加条件、比赛时间和所设奖项。
36．细节理解题。根据第三段“Each essay should address only one of the questions in your chosen subject category, and must not exceed (超过) 2, 000 words.”（每篇文章应该只解决你所选主题类别中的一个问题，并且不能超过2000字。）可知，参赛文章应该是关于给出的问题中的一个。故选C。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段“All of our essay prizes are judged by senior academics from the University of Oxford.”（我们所有的文章奖都是由牛津大学的资深学者评判的。）可知，比赛的奖项是由牛津大学的资深学者评判的，不是网上投票选出。故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段“Candidates for the Junior Prize must be fourteen years old, or younger, on the date of the submission deadline.”（青少年奖的参赛者必须在提交在截止日期前不得超过14岁。）可知，想要参加青少年奖的比赛，不能超过14岁。故选B。
39．细节理解题。根据第四段“2. September: Awards Dinner for the Economics Prize and other prizes”（9月2日：经济学奖及其他奖项颁奖晚宴）可知，法学奖的获胜者应该是于9月2日参加颁奖晚宴。故选D。
40．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The candidate who submits the best essay overall will be awarded an honorary John Locke Institute Junior, Fellowship, which comes with a US $10, 000 scholarship to attend one or more of our summer schools.”（提交最佳文章的参赛者将获得荣誉约翰·洛克研究所青年助学金，伴有10,000美元的奖学金，用于参加我们的一个或多个暑期学校。）可知，最佳文章的参赛者会得到一笔上暑期学校的奖学金。故选B。
41．C 42．D 43．B 44．A 45．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要向读者介绍了美国著名的作家 Alfred Strong及其作品的有关信息。
41．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“One of the best-known American writers of children’s books
is Alfred Strong, or Doctor Strong, as he is better known to readers everywhere. (美国最著名的儿童读物作家之一是阿尔弗雷德·斯特朗，或斯特朗博士，因为他在世界各地的读者中更为人所知。)”可知，美国最著名的儿童读物作家之一是阿尔弗雷德·斯特朗，或斯特朗博士，结合选项，故选C。
42．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Doctor Strong first became famous almost fifty years ago when his first children’s book was published. (斯特朗博士在近50年前首次成名，当时他出版了第一本儿童读物。)”，以及最后一段中“Doctor Strong is almost eighty-four years old now.(斯特朗博士现在快84岁了。)”可知，斯特朗博士现在已经84岁了，故斯特朗博士在30多岁的时候写了第一本书以后就出名了。结合选项，故选D。
43．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Doctor Strong’s books are known for their easy use of words and colorful, hand-drawn pictures. (斯特朗博士的书以其易于使用的文字和丰富多彩的手绘图片而闻名)”可知，斯特朗博士的书受欢迎是因为书中的简单的文字和手绘的彩色图片著称。结合选项，故选B。
44．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中“The Cat in the Hat, Horton the Elephant, The Grinch Who Stole Christmas, and hundreds of others.(《戴帽子的猫》、《大象霍顿》、《偷了圣诞节的圣诞怪杰》等等。)”可知，这些故事的主角都是虚构的生物。A.unreal不真实的；B.interesting有趣的；C.lively生动的；D.terrible可怕的。故选A。
45．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Most of Doctor Strong’s books, although written in a funny way, have serious messages. For example, in Mc Elligot’s Pool, he describes the danger of pollution. He discusses the arms race in The Butter Battle Book, written in nineteen eighty-four.(斯特朗博士的大部分书，虽然写得很有趣，但却传达了严肃的信息。例如，在《埃利戈特的泳池》中，他描述了污染的危险。他在1984年出版的《黄油之战》一书中讨论了军备竞赛。)”说明他写的书不仅为了引起人们的兴趣，而且为了揭露一些严重的社会问题。故选D。
46．B 47．B 48．D 49．C 50．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了植物在有压力的情况下会说话，它们的声音可以被动物听到。这项研究可能会导致更有效的农业和更好的环境保护。
46．推理判断题。根据第二段“Plants were put in a sound-proof chamber (隔音室) and were recorded by two microphones. Some plants were in need of water, others were cut, and a control
group were left undamaged. The researchers used an AI algorithm to separate the sounds successfully identifying the differences between the sounds made depending on whether they were dry or cut.(把植物放在一个隔音室里，用两个麦克风录音。一些植物需要浇水，另一些被切割，而对照组则完好无损。研究人员使用一种人工智能算法来分离声音，成功地识别出声音之间的差异，这取决于它们是干燥的还是被割的。)”可推断，作者在第二段详细描述了实验的过程。故选B。
47．细节理解题。根据第四段“If farmers were able to receive exact information directly from their crop, they could start a much more efficient method of care. The study thinks that more proper irrigation(灌溉) could save up to 50% of water cost and greatly improve the product. (如果农民能够直接从他们的作物中获得准确的信息，他们就可以开始一种更有效的护理方法。研究认为，更合理的灌溉可以节省高达50%的水成本，并大大改善产品。)”可知，研究人员的发现可能有助于农民照顾好他们的作物。故选B。
48．细节理解题。根据第三段“Though this has yet to be proven, it’s possible that these animals use this information for their benefit, choosing which plants to eat, for example. (虽然这还有待证实，但有可能这些动物利用这些信息来为自己谋利，比如选择吃哪种植物。)”可知，一些动物可能利用植物发出的声音来选择食物。故选D。
49．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A research group, led by a scientist Professor Lilach Hadany at Tel Aviv University, have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants talk, particularly in certain stressful situations. (由特拉维夫大学的科学家Lilach Hadany教授领导的一个研究小组进行了一项为期六年的实验，证明植物会说话，尤其是在某些压力大的情况下。)”、第二段“The researchers used an AI algorithm to separate the sounds successfully identifying the differences between the sounds made depending on whether they were dry or cut. (研究人员使用一种人工智能算法来分离声音，成功地识别出声音之间的差异，这取决于它们是干燥的还是被割的。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了植物在有压力的情况下会说话，它们的声音可以被动物听到。这项研究可能会导致更有效的农业和更好的环境保护。所以“Plants talk, and now we are listening.(植物会说话，现在我们在听。)”故选C。
50．推理判断题。根据第一段“A research group, led by a scientist Professor Lilach Hadany at Tel Aviv University, have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants talk, particularly in certain stressful situations. (由特拉维夫大学的科学家Lilach Hadany教授领导的一个研究小组进行了一项为期六年的实验，证明植物会说话，尤其是在某些压力大的情况下。)”及全文
可推断，作者的目的是介绍一项科学发现。故选C。
51．B 52．A 53．D 54．B 55．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一项建立海底实验室的计划。
51．推理判断题。由第二段“Mr. Cousteau is the grandson of Jacques Cousteau, an ocean scientist who brought the wonders of the sea to the attention of people around the world. Fabien Cousteau has gone the same way, exploring the sea as a scientist and working to protect the oceans. (库斯托先生是海洋科学家雅克·库斯托的孙子，他将海洋奇观带给了世界各地的人们。法比安·库斯托也走上了同样的道路，作为一名科学家探索海洋，并致力于保护海洋)”可推知，法比安·库斯托成为海洋探险家的可能原因是受到他祖父的影响。故选B项。
52．推理判断题。由第三段“Though the ocean is all around us, studying it is a challenge. Divers are limited in how far down they can go and how long they can stay below. Returning to the surface can be dangerous. After a deep dive, divers must wait for hours before they dive again. (尽管海洋就在我们周围，但研究它是一项挑战。潜水员在往下走多远和在下面呆多久都是有限的。返回水面可能很危险。深潜后，潜水员必须等待数小时才能再次潜水)”和第四段中的“The new undersea laboratory is designed to solve many of those problems. (新的海底实验室旨在解决其中的许多问题)”及“By actually living under the sea, scientists will be able to dive and work for much longer without worrying about the dangers of coming to the surface. (通过实际生活在海底，科学家们将能够潜水和工作更长的时间，而不用担心浮出水面的危险)”可推知，研究海洋有许多危险，新的海底实验室旨在解决这些问题，Cousteau设立Proteus的目的是使研究海洋变得容易一些。故选A项。
53．细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“Proteus is also expected to have the first underwater greenhouse in the world, so that the lab will be able to grow some of its own food. (Proteus预计还将拥有世界上第一个水下温室，这样实验室就可以自己种植一些食物)”可知，在Proteus里面可以自己种植一些食物（蔬菜）。故选D项。
54．细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Mr. Cousteau and Mr. Behar are working together to raise money to build Proteus. They say it’ll cost about $135 million. (库斯托先生和贝哈尔先生正在共同筹集资金来建造Proteus。他们说这将花费大约1.35亿美元。计划要求在加勒比海库拉索岛外海面下18米的海底建造Proteus)”可知，Proteus建造资金需要筹集，预计大约1.35亿美元，Proteus建造成本很高。故选B项。
55．主旨大意题。由第一段“Fabien Cousteau, an ocean explorer, has announced plans to build a large research station under the ocean. The goal of the project is to become an “underwater version of the International Space Station (ISS)”. (海洋探险家法比安·库斯托宣布计划在海底建造一个大型研究站。该项目的目标是成为“国际空间站的水下版本”)”和全文内容可知，海洋探险家Fabien Cousteau宣布计划在海底建造一个大型研究站，该项目的目标是成为“国际空间站的水下版本”。由此可知，本文旨在介绍一项建立海底研究站的计划。故选D项。
56．Sydney died at the age of 11. 57．PPD aims to raise money to help do a research on removing brain cancer. 58．Cut off. 59．Because he found PPD, which has helped fund the research of life-saving technology. 60．We have learned that it is possible to make a difference in the world with devotion.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述在作者11岁的时候，他的朋友Sydney因为脑癌去世，因此他15岁的时候和朋友成立PPD募捐活动，募集资金帮助寻找脑癌的治疗方法。PPD募捐活动得到公众的认可，并且为一些科学发现提供了启动资金，作者的经验告诉我们只要付出，就有可能改变世界。
56．考查细节理解。根据第一段“When I was 10, my friend Sydney suffered from a brain cancer. Sydney fought against it, but the cancer did not respond to the treatment, and could not be removed. Sydney died at the age of 11. (在我10岁的时候，我的朋友Sydney患了脑癌。Sydney与癌症作了斗争，但是癌症对治疗没有反应，也不能切除。Sydney 11岁时就去世了。)”由此可知，Sydney在11岁时由于脑癌去世了。故答案为Sydney died at the age of 11.
57．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Over the years, PPD had held fundraisers (募捐活动) across the city. The first Pink Polka Dots Guild event, a garage sale, just raised $900, but our latest fundraiser, the 2012 golf tournament, brought in over $73,000. In the past five years, we have raised almost a million dollars to help do a research on removing brain cancer. (多年来，PPD在整个城市举办募捐活动。第一次PPD公会活动，一场车库甩卖，刚刚筹集了900美元，但我们最新的筹款活动，2012年的高尔夫锦标赛，筹集了超过73000美元。在过去的五年里，我们已经筹集了近一百万美元来帮助进行一项移除脑癌的研究。)”以及第五段“The efforts that we have made has truly helped cancer research. PPD has provided start-up funding for scientific discoveries (我们所做的努力确实帮助了癌症研究。PPD为一些科学发现提供了启动资金)”可知，PPD活动旨在筹集资金帮助移除脑癌的研究。故答案为PPD aims to raise money to help
do a research on removing brain cancer.
58．考查词句猜测。根据第二段“When I was 15 years old, I founded the Pink Polka Dots Guild (PPD) with two friends. My goal is to raise enough money to find a cure for brain cancer, which is the second most common cancer in children. (当我15岁的时候，我和两个朋友一起创建了PPD。我的目标是筹集足够的资金来找到脑癌的治疗方法，脑癌是儿童中第二常见的癌症。)”再根据划线处后面的brain cancer，可知是找到治疗方法消除或者切除脑癌，所以推断removing意为“消除，移除，切除”。故答案为Cut off.
59．考查推理判断。根据第五段“The efforts that we have made has truly helped cancer research. PPD has provided start-up funding for scientific discoveries, such as “Tumor Paint”, which illuminates (照射) cancerous cells so that doctors can remove them with amazing accuracy. The discovery appeared in Time Magazine. I was very proud to have helped fund the research of this life-saving technology. (我们所做的努力确实帮助了癌症研究。PPD为一些科学发现提供了启动资金，比如“肿瘤染色”，它能照亮癌细胞，这样医生就能以惊人的准确性切除它们。这一发现刊登在《时代》杂志上。我很自豪能够资助这项拯救生命的技术的研究。)”由此可推断出，作者创立的PPD为一些科学发现提供了资金，为这些研究提供了帮助，所以作者感到很自豪。故答案为Because he found PPD, which has helped fund the research of life-saving technology.
60．考查推理判断。根据最后一段“Pink Polka Dots has inspired me to be an activist. My experience has taught me that with devotion, it is possible to make a difference in the world. The determination that Pink Polka Dots set off in me has carried over to all aspects of my life, making me a competitive speaker and a devoted volunteer. (PPD激励我成为一名积极分子。我的经验告诉我，只要付出，就有可能改变世界。PPD带给我的决心影响了我生活的方方面面，使我成为一名有竞争力的演讲者和一名敬业的志愿者。)”可知我们能从作者经历中学习到只要付出，就有可能改变世界。故答案为 We have learned that it is possible to make a difference in the world with devotion.
61．Dear Peter,
I’m Li Jin, the person in charge of Chinese Calligraphy and Painting club at our school. Next, I will explain some knowledge about Chinese calligraphy and fine arts to you. First of all, the Guofeng Art Club was established in 2010, for students who are interested in Chinese painting and Chinese calligraphy, or have special skills. Secondly, both Chinese painting and calligraphy are
unique art forms of China, which have a long history and contain the charm of traditional Chinese culture. Finally, I sincerely invite you to join the club and look forward to your early reply.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假如你是李津，是你所在学校的国风美术社团负责人，请给你校新转来的美国交换生Peter写一封邮件，内容包括：国风美术社团成立于2010年，面向对中国画及中国书法有兴趣、或有特长的同学；国画与书法都是中国独特的艺术形式，历史悠久，蕴含着中华传统文化的魅力；邀请他加入社团并期待他的早日回复。
【详解】1.词汇积累
负责，管理：in charge of→take charge of
首先，最重要的是：first of all→above all
建立：establish→set up
最后：finally→at last→in the end
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m Li Jin, the person in charge of Chinese Calligraphy and Painting club at our school.
拓展句：I’m Li Jin, the person who is in charge of Chinese Calligraphy and Painting club at our school.
【点睛】【高分句型1】First of all, the Guofeng Art Club was established in 2010, for students who are interested in Chinese painting and Chinese calligraphy, or have special skills.（运用了who引导的限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Secondly, both Chinese painting and calligraphy are unique art forms of China, which have a long history and contain the charm of traditional Chinese culture.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
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