2024届高考考前仿真冲刺卷
英语
注意事项：
1. 答卷前,考生务必将自己的考生号、姓名、考点学校、考场号及座位号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并收回。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)
第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
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Offer applies to ALL NEW BOOKINGS for 2024* 100 off per person applies to holidays of 8 nights or more. For full terms, visit Travel Department.
1. From which is the text probably taken
A. A magazine. B. A web page.
C. A book guide. D. A shopping list.
2. Who can get the promo codes for discounts on travel bookings
A. Experienced authors. B. Experts in group travel.
C. Reader’s Digest subscribers. D. Publishers of Reader’s Digest.
3. How much can a couple save with promo codes for a holiday of 7 nights
A. 60. B. 100. C. 120. D. 200.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。短文主要是关于Reader’s Digest与Travel Department合作，为Reader’s Digest的订阅者提供了一系列的旅行优惠。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文中句子“CLICK HERE TO VIEW OUR 2024 TRAVEL BROCHURE—OVER 40 OFFERS!”（点击这里查看我们2024年的旅行手册——超过40个优惠！）可知，这是一个网页上的广告，故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。细节理解题。根据文中句子“There are some incredible exclusive offers on 2024 holidays for Reader’s Digest subscribers, so decide on your destination and book today.”（Reader’s Digest的订阅者在2024年的假期有一些令人难以置信的独家优惠，所以现在就决定你的目的地并预订吧。）可知，Reader’s Digest的订阅者可以获得旅行预订的优惠码，故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中句子“Use promo code: RD60 and receive 60pp off any holiday of 7 nights”（使用优惠码：RD60，任何7晚的假期都可以每人减少60英镑）可知，一对夫妇可以节省120英镑，故选C。
B
In 1972, Barbara Rieco penned a heartfelt children’s book that held her dream within its pages. Despite her best efforts, the manuscript (手稿) faced repeated rejection from publishers, leading her to eventually set aside her dream of becoming a published author.
Little did she know that, decades later, her grandson would turn the dream into reality. Chad Cooper, a
production professional, decided to give his grandmother the ultimate Christmas gift — the publication of her treasured book. Visiting her in Baltimore for the holidays, he secretly took her original manuscript, along with the drawings for the book she had obtained from an artist years ago, and transformed them into a beautifully printed book.
On Christmas morning, as Barbara unwrapped the carefully crafted gift, she was overcome with emotion as she realized what the surprise was. The moment, captured and posted online by Chad, quickly resonated (产生共鸣) with viewers, and the video became a hit.
“This is probably the nicest thing anyone has ever done for me in my entire life,” Barbara said in the video, who also gave her grandson a big hug, with tears.
Chad’s thoughtful gesture didn’t just end with the surprise; he also included a link to the book on Amazon, making it available to the public. The response was nothing short of magic — within days, Barbara’s once-forgotten book skyrocketed to the top of Amazon’s bestseller list, earning the coveted spot as a best seller.
Chad filmed the reaction to that news and shared more updates. Barbara said she had been reading every single comment online and wanted to respond to them all but there were thousands of them.
“I’ve bought Barbara Rieco’s book even though I’m 21 and don’t even have kids. I’ve read it and I really like it,” said one viewer.
“My children enjoy reading the book and they recommend me to read it as well,” another viewer commented.
Barbara Rieco’s book, now accepted by a new generation of readers, continues to spread joy and inspiration.
4. What did Chad Cooper do for his grandmother
A. He had her book published. B. He drew for her new book.
C. He arranged an artist to meet her. D. He helped finish her manuscript.
5. How did Barbara Rieco feel when receiving her grandson’s Christmas gift
A. Calm and proud. B. Lucky but regretful.
C. Delighted but worried. D. Excited and grateful.
6. What does the underlined word “coveted” in paragraph 6 probably mean
A. Dangerous. B. Desired. C. Empty. D. Forgotten.
7. Why are the two viewers mentioned in the text
A. To reveal Barbara’s gift for writing books.
B. To show the popularity of Barbara’s book.
C. To tell the influence of reading on the young.
D. To highlight the value of Chad’s Christmas gift.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文属于记叙文，讲述了一个温馨的故事，关于孙子帮助祖母实现其长期未实现的出版梦想。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Chad Cooper, a production professional, decided to give his grandmother the ultimate Christmas gift—the publication of her treasured book. (Chad Cooper是一名专业制作人员，他决定送给祖母一份终极圣诞礼物——出版她珍爱的书。)”可知，Chad Cooper将他祖母的书出版了，作为送给祖母的圣诞礼物。故选A。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第三段中“On Christmas morning, as Barbara unwrapped the carefully crafted gift, she was overcome with emotion as she realized what the surprise was. (圣诞节的早晨，当芭芭拉打开精心制作的礼物时，当她意识到这是一个惊喜时，她激动不已。)”和第四段中““This is probably the nicest thing anyone has ever done for me in my entire life,” Barbara said in the video, who also gave her grandson a big hug, with tears. (芭芭拉在视频中说：“这可能是我一生中别人为我做过的最好的事情了。”她还流着泪给了孙子一个大大的拥抱。)”可知，当Barbara Rieco收到孙子的圣诞礼物时，她感到非常激动和感激。故选D。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。由文章第五段中“The response was nothing short of magic—within days, Barbara’s once-forgotten book skyrocketed to the top of Amazon’s bestseller list (人们的反应简直太神奇了——几天之内，芭芭拉这本一度被遗忘的书就飙升至亚马逊畅销书排行榜的榜首)”可知，在Chad的帮助下，Barbara的书从被遗忘的状态一跃成为了亚马逊畅销书榜首，赢得了梦寐以求的畅销书宝座。因此此处coveted意为“渴望的，梦寐以求的”。A. Dangerous危险的；B. Desired渴望的；C. Empty空的；D. Forgotten被遗忘了的。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。由文章倒数第三段““I’ve bought Barbara Rieco’s book even though I’m 21 and don’t even have kids. I’ve read it and I really like it,” said one viewer. (“尽管我21岁，甚至没有孩子，但我还是买了芭芭拉·里科的书。我已经看过了，我真的很喜欢。”)”和倒数第二段““My children enjoy reading the book and they recommend me to read it as well,” another viewer commented. (另一位观众评论道：“我的孩子们喜欢读这本书，他们也推荐我去读。”)”可知，这两段提到了两位观众的评论，一位是没有孩子但仍然购买并喜欢这本书的21岁读者，另一位是说自己的孩子喜欢这本书并推荐给家长阅读的观众。这些评论表明Barbara的书受到了广泛欢迎。故选B。
C
Shakespeare described sleep as “the main course in life’s feast, and the most nourishing”. New research suggests it may also be a key nutrient in defend us against Alzheimer’s disease.
Poor sleep has long been linked to Alzheimer’s, but the relationship is similar to the chicken-and-egg puzzle. It isn’t clear which came first. During deep sleep, the brain produces slow electrical waves and flushes out neurotoxins (神经毒素) including amyloid (淀粉样蛋白) and tau (微管蛋白) , two indicators of the disease.
Studies have shown that even one night of terrible deep sleep can lead to an increase of amyloid. A week of disrupted sleep can raise the amount of tau, which is especially insidious because over time it can strangle neurons from the inside out.
A study in the Annals of Neurology found that a sleep pill called suvorexant could reduce amyloid and tau in middle-aged adults with no cognitive problems. The two-night trial showed that amyloid dropped 10%to 20%, and a key form of tau 10%to 15%in people who received a high dose compared to a placebo (安慰剂) group. But these effects need to be studied over longer periods of time—including in older adults at higher risk of Alzheimers. But the study suggests that improving sleep quality among middle-aged adults could help reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer’s later in life.
What has puzzled neurologists, however, is that some people with high levels of amyloid who may appear to have Alzheimer’s based on brain scans nonetheless function normally. Neurologists assume that this is because some people have higher levels of “cognitive reserve.” which enables them to function normally despite neurological damage. But there’s another X factor, which scientists have struggled to identify. A new study suggests it may be sleep, and in particular deep sleep.
“Think of deep sleep almost like a life raft that keeps memory afloat, rather than memory getting dragged down by the weight of Alzheimer’s disease,” says Matthew Walker, a neuroscience professor at UC Berkeley.
8. What is the relationship between sleep and Alzheimer’s disease according to the new research
A. Inadequate sleep will indicate Alzheimer’s disease.
B. The disease may be prevented if we can sleep well.
C. Neurotoxins produced during sleep cause the disease.
D. A good sleep will raise the indicators of the disease.
9. What can we infer from paragraph four
A. It’s too early to use the sleeping pill to treat Alzheimer’s.
B. It’s advisable that adults turn to suvorexant to sleep well.
C Suvorexant is a desirable pill to improve our sleep quality.
D. The amount of Amyloid and tau decreased due to placebo.
10. What is the main idea of paragraph five
A. Researchers’ great confusion about the high levels of amyloid.
B. Low level cognitive reserve resulting in abnormal brain function.
C. Potential determinants related to the possibility of Alzheimer’s.
D. Neurologists’ assumption about our brain function and damage.
11. Why dose Matthew Walker make the comparison in his remarks
A. To advocate a healthy lifestyle among adults.
B. To emphasize the significance of sleep quality.
C. To demonstrate the crucial role of our memory.
D. To detail the damage brought by Alzheimer’s.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。新研究表明，优质睡眠尤其是深度睡眠，可能帮助抵御阿尔茨海默病，通过清除大脑中的神经毒素。改善中年人睡眠质量，有望降低未来患病风险，而深度睡眠的作用如同保护记忆免受疾病侵袭的生命筏。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第一段中“New research suggests it may also be a key nutrient in defend us against Alzheimer’s disease. (新的研究表明，睡眠可能也是保护我们免受阿尔茨海默病的关键营养素。)”可知，如果我们睡得好，这种疾病就可以预防。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第四段“A study in the Annals of Neurology found that a sleep pill called suvorexant could reduce amyloid and tau in middle-aged adults with no cognitive problems. The two-night trial showed that amyloid dropped 10%to 20%, and a key form of tau 10%to 15%in people who received a high dose compared to a placebo (安慰剂) group. But these effects need to be studied over longer periods of time—including in older adults at higher risk of Alzheimers. But the study suggests that improving sleep quality among middle-aged adults could help reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer’s later in life. (发表在《神经学年鉴》上的一项研究发现，一种名为suvorexant的安眠药可以减少没有认知问题的中年人的淀粉样蛋白和tau蛋白。为期两晚的试验表明，与安慰剂组相比，接受高剂量治疗的人淀粉样蛋白下降了10%至20%，一种关键形式的tau蛋白下降了10%至15%。但这些影响需要在更长的时间内进行研究——包括在患阿尔茨海默病风险较高的老年人中。但研究表明，改善中年人的睡眠质量有助于降低晚年患阿尔茨海默氏症的风险。)”可知，虽然研究发现
suvorexant能减少中年人群中的淀粉样蛋白和tau含量，但这些效果需要更长时间的研究来验证，特别是在老年高风险人群中。因此，现在就推荐使用这种安眠药来治疗或预防阿尔茨海默病还为时尚早。故选A。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。由文章第五段“What has puzzled neurologists, however, is that some people with high levels of amyloid who may appear to have Alzheimer’s based on brain scans nonetheless function normally. Neurologists assume that this is because some people have higher levels of “cognitive reserve.” which enables them to function normally despite neurological damage. But there’s another X factor, which scientists have struggled to identify. A new study suggests it may be sleep, and in particular deep sleep. (然而，让神经学家感到困惑的是，一些淀粉样蛋白水平高的人，从脑部扫描来看，可能患有阿尔茨海默氏症，但他们的功能却很正常。神经学家认为，这是因为有些人有更高水平的“认知储备”。这使得它们在神经受损的情况下仍能正常运作。但还有另一个未知因素，科学家们一直在努力确定。一项新的研究表明，这可能是睡眠，尤其是深度睡眠。)”可知，第五段主要讲述的是神经学家对于一些淀粉样蛋白水平高但认知功能正常人群的困惑，以及除了“认知储备”外，另一个尚未明确的因素——深度睡眠，可能是影响这一现象的关键。因此，本段核心内容是关于阿尔茨海默病可能性的相关潜在影响因素。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段““Think of deep sleep almost like a life raft that keeps memory afloat, rather than memory getting dragged down by the weight of Alzheimer’s disease,” says Matthew Walker, a neuroscience professor at UC Berkeley. (加州大学伯克利分校的神经科学教授马修·沃克说：“深度睡眠几乎就像一艘救生筏，让记忆漂浮在水面上，而不是被阿尔茨海默病的重压拖垮。”)”可知，马修·沃克在他的评论中将深度睡眠比喻为“维持记忆浮于水面的生命筏”，以此强调在面对阿尔茨海默病这样病症的重压下，良好睡眠特别是深度睡眠对维护记忆功能的重要性。他的比喻是为了强调高质量睡眠的重要性。故选B。
D
Researchers are training robots to perform an ever-growing number of tasks through trial-and-error reinforcement (强化) learning, which is often laborious and time-consuming. To help out, humans are now employing large language model (LLM) AI. A team at NVIDIA Research directed an AI protocol (协议) powered by OpenAI’s GPT-4 to teach a simulation (模拟) of a robotic hand nearly 30 complex tasks, including throwing a ball, pushing blocks, pressing switches, and some other seriously impressive abilities.
NVIDIA’s new “AI agent” Eureka uses GPT-4 by asking the large language model to write its own reward-based reinforcement learning software code. According to the company, Eureka doesn’t need complicated reminders or even pre-written patterns; instead, it simply begins experimenting with a program, and then follows any external human feedback.
In the company’s announcement, Linxi “Jim” Fan, a senior research scientist at NVIDIA, described Eureka as a unique combination of LLMs and simulation programming. “We believe that Eureka will enable robots to control items flexibly and provide a new way to produce physically realistic animations for artists,” Fan added. After testing its training protocol within an advanced simulation program, Eureka then analyzes its collected data and directs the LLM to further improve upon its design. The result is a protocol capable of successfully numbering a variety of robotic hand designs to operate scissors, turn pens and open cupboards within a physics-accurate simulated environment.
Eureka’s alternatives to human-written trial-and-error learning programs aren’t just effective—in most cases, they’re actually better than those authored by humans. In the team’s open-source research paper findings, Eureka-designed reward programs outperformed humans’ code in over 80 percent of the tasks—amounting to an average performance improvement of over 50 percent in the robotic simulations.
“Reinforcement learning has contributed to impressive wins over the last decade, yet many challenges still exist, such as reward design, which remains a trial-and-error process,” said Anima Anandkumar, an AI researcher. “Eureka is the first step toward developing new algorithms (算法) that integrate generative and reinforcement learning methods to solve hard tasks.”
12. Why is AI used for the training
A. To simplify robots’ tasks. B. To advertise OpenAI’s GPT-4.
C. To speed up the training process. D. To recognize artists’ role in art creation.
13. What does Eureka need to do in the training
A. Design reward programs. B. Copy pre-written patterns.
C. Get complicated reminders. D. Avoid human intervention.
14. How does Anima Anandkumar find Eureka
A. It is still poor at the reward design. B. It should learn from hard tasks.
C. It has few challenges to solve. D. It is of pioneering significance.
15. What is the main idea of the text
A. Trial-and-error learning programs are promising.
B. Robots can finish complex tasks through learning.
C. Reinforcement learning improves robotic simulations.
D. AI can better teach a simulated robotic hand to perform tasks.
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了NVIDIA研究团队使用OpenAI的GPT-4大型语言模型来训练一个名为Eureka的AI代理，该代理能够自主编写基于奖励的强化学习软件代码，并成功指导模拟的机器人手执行近30项复杂任务。文章详细描述了Eureka的工作原理、优势以及在模拟环境中的测试结果，并通过实验数据展示了Eureka编写的奖励程序在大部分任务上超越了人类编写的代码。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Researchers are training robots to perform an ever-growing number of tasks through trial-and-error reinforcement learning, which is often laborious and time-consuming. To help out, humans are now employing large language model (LLM) AI. (研究人员正在训练机器人通过试错强化学习来完成越来越多的任务，而这种学习通常既费力又耗时。为了提供帮助，人类现在正在使用大型语言模型（LLM）人工智能。)”可知，使用AI进行训练是为了加快训练过程。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第二段中“NVIDIA’s new “AI agent” Eureka uses GPT-4 by asking the large language model to write its own reward-based reinforcement learning software code. (NVIDIA的新“人工智能代理”Eureka使用GPT-4，要求大型语言模型编写自己的基于奖励的强化学习软件代码。)”可知，Eureka在训练中需要设计奖励程序。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段““Reinforcement learning has contributed to impressive wins over the last decade, yet many challenges still exist, such as reward design, which remains a trial-and-error process,” said Anima Anandkumar, an AI researcher. “Eureka is the first step toward developing new algorithms (算法) that integrate generative and reinforcement learning methods to solve hard tasks.” (人工智能研究员Anima Anandkumar表示：“在过去十年中，强化学习取得了令人印象深刻的胜利，但仍然存在许多挑战，比如奖励设计，这仍然是一个反复试验的过程。”“Eureka是开发新算法的第一步，它将生成和强化学习方法整合在一起，以解决困难的任务。”)”可知，Anima Anandkumar认为Eureka具有开创性意义。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“A team at NVIDIA Research directed an AI protocol (协议) powered by OpenAI’s GPT-4 to teach a simulation (模拟) of a robotic hand nearly 30 complex tasks, including throwing a ball, pushing blocks, pressing switches, and some other seriously impressive abilities. (NVIDIA Research的一个团队指导了一项由OpenAI的GPT-4驱动的人工智能协议，以教授模拟机械手近30个复杂任务，包括扔球、推积木、按开关和其他一些令人印象深刻的能力。)”可知，本文主要讲述AI能够更好地教会模拟机械手执行任务。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Learning often requires taking different risks, whether it’s the willingness to try something new or keep trying after a failed attempt. For children, it’s this process of learning how to take risks and becoming comfortable with failure that can help them grow and develop. ___16___ As research is showing, children’s willingness to take risks in learning can depend on their relationship with their parents.
According to the research, children who viewed their parents as being supportive and reliable were more willing to take risks while learning. “ ___17___ When their parents support them and are trustworthy, the children get a sense of how things work,” said Seth Pollak, the lead researcher of the study.
Here is what you, as parents, should remember.
Creating a supportive learning environment for your children often includes identifying what they struggle with and what they need. ___18___ Your children can’t necessarily tell you what they need, but they are often showing you. For example, if your children are consistently having a meltdown (崩溃) after school, that could be a sign that they are overstimulated from the school day, and need some extra time to relieve pressure before starting their homework. Other behaviors could include refusing to do something, such as writing with a pencil or doing their math homework.
One way to create reliability is to develop routines with your children. ___19___ For example, it could be making the effort to give them 10 minutes of undivided attention when they come home from school, making it a habit to play LEGOs with them every Friday evening, or a predictable bedtime routine. ___20___
A. That is what they expect from their children.
B. Those routines should be developed by children themselves.
C. That consistent and positive attention can make a big difference.
D. Children from more stable backgrounds perform better in learning.
E. One way to do that is to track certain behaviors over time, looking for patterns.
F. The routines are less about how big or time-consuming, and more about their predictability.
G. However, encouraging children to take these risks can be an extremely difficult task for parents.
【答案】16. G 17. C 18. E 19. F 20. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了父母如何鼓励孩子尝试冒险。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Learning often requires taking different risks, whether it’s the willingness to try something new or
keep trying after a failed attempt. For children, it’s this process of learning how to take risks and becoming comfortable with failure that can help them grow and develop.(学习往往需要承担不同的风险，无论是愿意尝试新事物还是在尝试失败后继续尝试。对于孩子们来说，这是一个学习如何冒险和适应失败的过程，可以帮助他们成长和发展)”以及后文“As research is showing, children’s willingness to take risks in learning can depend on their relationship with their parents.(研究表明，孩子在学习中承担风险的意愿可能取决于他们与父母的关系)”可知，后文提到了孩子在学习中承担风险的意愿可能取决于他们与父母的关系，推测本句主要说明父母是如何影响孩子愿意承担风险的意愿的。故G选项“然而，鼓励孩子去冒险对父母来说是一项极其困难的任务”符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“According to the research, children who viewed their parents as being supportive and reliable were more willing to take risks while learning.(根据这项研究，认为父母支持和可靠的孩子在学习过程中更愿意冒险)”以及后文“When their parents support them and are trustworthy, the children get a sense of how things work(当他们的父母支持他们并值得信任时，孩子们就会知道事情是如何运作的)”可知，本句主要说明了父母的关注带来的影响。C选项中positive对应上文supportive。故C选项“持续和积极的关注会产生很大的影响”符合语境，故选C。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Creating a supportive learning environment for your children often includes identifying what they struggle with and what they need.(为你的孩子创造一个支持性的学习环境通常包括确定他们在挣扎什么以及他们需要什么)”以及后文“Your children can’t necessarily tell you what they need, but they are often showing you. For example, if your children are consistently having a meltdown (崩溃) after school, that could be a sign that they are overstimulated from the school day, and need some extra time to relieve pressure before starting their homework. Other behaviors could include refusing to do something, such as writing with a pencil or doing their math homework.(你的孩子不一定能告诉你他们需要什么，但他们经常会向你展示。例如，如果你的孩子总是在放学后崩溃，这可能是他们在学校受到过度刺激的迹象，在开始做作业之前需要一些额外的时间来缓解压力。其他行为可能包括拒绝做某事，比如用铅笔写字或做数学作业)”可知，本段的主旨是创造支持性的学习环境，且后文提到了对孩子的观察来发现孩子的模式。故E选项“一种方法是长期跟踪某些行为，寻找模式”符合语境，故选E。
【19题详解】
根据上文“One way to create reliability is to develop routines with your children.(建立可靠性的一种方法是与你的孩子建立常规)”以及后文“For example, it could be making the effort to give them 10 minutes of undivided attention when they come home from school, making it a habit to play LEGOs with them every Friday
evening, or a predictable bedtime routine.(例如，当他们从学校回家时，可以努力给他们10分钟的注意力，让他们养成每周五晚上和他们一起玩乐高积木的习惯，或者是一个可预测的就寝时间)”可知，后文的例子表明，应该建立可预测的常规。故F选项“这些例行公事不太重要，更重要的是它们的可预测性”符合语境，故选F。
【20题详解】
根据上文“For example, it could be making the effort to give them 10 minutes of undivided attention when they come home from school, making it a habit to play LEGOs with them every Friday evening, or a predictable bedtime routine.(例如，当他们从学校回家时，可以努力给他们10分钟的注意力，让他们养成每周五晚上和他们一起玩乐高积木的习惯，或者是一个可预测的就寝时间)”可知，上文主要说明了孩子自己养成某种习惯，本句为本段最后一句，对此进行总结。故B选项“那些习惯应该由孩子们自己养成”符合语境，故选B。
第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节：(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was a heartwarming turn of events on the special night. The Inner Finland Police Department successfully ___21___ a missing child with the help of their police dog, Kuha. According to Finland’s Police Dog Association, the ___22___ went missing at around 7:00 pm on December 23. The snow covered the tracks, so the family had to seek ___23___ from the authorities. A rescue team was quickly ___24___ , including a dog, which played a(n) ___25___ role in the rescue.
The search initially focused on the city center, but the ___26___ came near the child’s home. Kuha carefully ___27___ a snow pile(堆)where children had built snow caves. Despite the challenging conditions, Kuha’s keen(敏锐)sense of smell and its devotion ___28___ .
At around 12:30 am that night, Kuha discovered a shoe ___29___ under three feet of snow. The child, who had been trapped in a collapsed snow cave, was ____30____ firstly but gradually recovered after receiving medical attention. The community breathed a collective sigh of ____31____ as the child was able to speak in the ambulance.
The success of this rescue mission was ____32____ to the extensive training of police dog Kuha. The dog handler’s knowledge that human ____33____ rises in the snow led to a second search of the pile, ____34____ leading to the child’s discovery. The Finnish Police Dog Association also ____35____ Kuha’s role in the successful rescue.
21. A. entertained B. located C. educated D. trained
22. A. team B. family C. child D. dog
23 A. announcements B. equipment C. explanations D. assistance
24. A. established B. reported C. transformed D. awarded
25. A. unknown B. crucial C. alternative D. strange
26. A. passion B. accident C. breakthrough D. challenge
27. A. constructed B. restored C. guarded D. inspected
28. A. left behind B. ran out C. went back D. paid off
29. A. burned B. buried C. dried D. ruined
30. A. unresponsive B. unbelievable C. unapproachable D. unchangeable
31. A. relief B. envy C. regret D. sympathy
32. A. adjusted B. credited C. devoted D. limited
33. A. temperature B. spirit C. smell D. energy
34. A. completely B. initially C. similarly D. ultimately
35. A. designed B. discussed C. celebrated D. played
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了芬兰警察局在警犬Kuha的帮助下成功找到了一名失踪儿童。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：芬兰警察局在警犬Kuha的帮助下成功找到了一名失踪儿童。A. entertained娱乐；B. located定位；C. educated教育；D. trained训练。根据下文“Kuha discovered a shoe”可知，在警犬Kuha的帮助下成功找到了一名失踪儿童。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：据芬兰警犬协会称，这个孩子于12月23日晚上7点左右失踪。A. team团队；B. family家人；C. child孩子；D. dog狗。根据上文“a missing child”可知，此处表示这个孩子。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：积雪覆盖了铁轨，所以这家人不得不向当局寻求帮助。A. announcements宣布；B. equipment设备； C. explanations解释；D. assistance帮助。根据上文“The snow covered the tracks”和下文的“ from the authorities”可知，家人向当局寻求帮助。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一支救援队很快成立，其中包括一只狗，它在救援中发挥了至关重要的作用。A. established建立；B. reported报道；C. transformed改变；D. awarded授予。根据上文的“A rescue team ”可知，为了寻找失踪的孩子，成立了救援队。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一支救援队很快成立，其中包括一只狗，它在救援中发挥了至关重要的作用。A. unknown未知的；B. crucial至关重要的；C. alternative可选择的；D. strange奇怪的。根据上文“with the help of their police dog”可知，狗发挥了重要作用。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：搜索最初集中在市中心，但在孩子家附近取得了突破性进展。A. passion热情；B. accident事故；C. breakthrough突破；D. challenge挑战。根据下文“Kuha carefully ___7___ a snow pile(堆)where children had built snow caves. Despite the challenging conditions, Kuha’s keen(敏锐的)sense of smell and its devotion ___8___ . At around 12:30 am that night, Kuha discovered a shoe ___9___ under three feet of snow.”可知，在孩子家附近取得了突破性进展。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Kuha仔细地检查了孩子们筑雪洞的雪堆。A. constructed建设；B. restored恢复；C. guarded保卫；D. inspected检查，审视。根据下文“Kuha’s keen(敏锐的)sense of smell”可知，Kuha仔细地检查了孩子们筑雪洞的雪堆。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管条件艰难，但Kuha敏锐的嗅觉和它的付出得到了回报。A. left behind遗弃；B. ran out耗尽；C. went back返回；D. paid off回报。根据下文“Kuha discovered a shoe ___9___ under three feet of snow.”可知，Kuha的付出得到了回报。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上12点30分左右，库哈在三英尺深的雪下发现了一只被埋在雪里的鞋。A. burned燃烧；B. buried埋葬；C. dried使干燥；D. ruined破坏。根据下文“under three feet of snow.”可知，鞋是埋在雪里的。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这名儿童被困在一个坍塌的雪洞中，起初反应迟钝，但在接受医疗救治后逐渐恢复。A. unresponsive反应迟钝的；B. unbelievable难以置信的；C. unapproachable不能接近的； D. unchangeable不可改变的。根据下文“firstly but gradually recovered”可知，起初反应不灵敏。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当孩子在救护车里能说话时，整个社区都松了一口气。A. relief宽慰，松了一口气；B. envy嫉妒；C. regret后悔；D. sympathy同情。根据下文“the child was able to speak in the ambulance.”可知，孩子能说话了，整个社区都松了一口气。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次救援任务的成功归功于对警犬Kuha的广泛训练。A. adjusted调整；B. credited认为是……的功劳；C. devoted奉献；D. limited限制。根据下文“the extensive training of police dog Kuha”可知，救援任务的成功归功于对警犬Kuha的广泛训练。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：狗的训练员知道人的气味会在雪中升起，于是他第二次搜索了雪堆，最终发现了孩子。 A. temperature温度；B. spirit精神；C. smell气味；D. energy能量。根据常识可知，狗的鼻子是灵敏的，可以闻到人的气味。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：狗的训练员知道人的气味会在雪中升起，于是他第二次搜索了雪堆，最终发现了孩子。A. completely完全地；B. initially最初地；C. similarly 相似地；D. ultimately最终地。根据下文“leading to the child’s discovery”可知，最终发现了孩子。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：芬兰警犬协会也庆祝了Kuha在成功救援中的作用。A. designed设计；B. discussed讨论；C. celebrated庆祝；D. played玩。根据下文“Kuha’s role in the successful rescue”可知，庆祝了Kuha在成功救援中的作用。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Year of the Dragon comes with inspiration for creativity and the power to bring big ideas ____36____life.
Designer Wang Zijian’s Dragon Out of Water, a creative tea infuser (泡茶器),shines on the wall at the exhibition of the winning works of the 2024 Global Zodiac Design Competition at the Beijing Overseas Cultural Exchange Center. ____37____ (it) cute dragon design and special function are bound to appeal to young consumers. “It’s ____38____unique product, and we expect a positive response from young customers,” Wang told Beijing Review.
The item belongs to China Chic, or guochao, also ____39____ (know) as “national wave”,____40____refers to products of all sorts including traditional Chinese cultural elements. These products____41____ (embrace) by the country’s younger generations in recent years. According to a report by Xinhua News Agency, Gen Z____42____ (account) for 74 percent of consumers of China Chic goods in 2022, and the search volume of China
Chic products has increased five times over the past decade.
As a young designer, Wang hopes ____43____ (capture) young consumers with his creative interpretation of dragons. “I’ve been____44____(thorough) studying the dragon’s historical connotations (言外之意) and the _____45_____ (psychology) characteristics of Gen Z consumers,” the 34-year-old designer told Beijing Review.
【答案】36. to##into
37. Its 38. a
39. known 40. which
41. have been embraced
42. accounted
43. to capture
44. thoroughly
45. psychological
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在北京海外文化交流中心举办的2024年全球生肖设计大赛获奖作品展览上，设计师王子健设计的创意茶壶“龙出水”在墙上熠熠生辉。
【36题详解】
考查介词。句意：龙年带来创造力的灵感和将伟大想法付诸实践的力量。短语bring…to/into life表示“把……付诸实践”。故填to/into。
【37题详解】
考查代词。句意：它可爱的龙的设计和特殊的功能一定会吸引年轻的消费者。修饰名词dragon design应用形容词性物主代词its，首字母大写。故填Its。
【38题详解】
考查冠词。句意：王在接受《北京评论》采访时表示：“这是一款独特的产品，我们希望能得到年轻顾客的积极回应。”此处product为泛指，且unique是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这件物品属于“中国潮”，也被称为“国潮”，指的是包括中国传统文化元素在内的各种产品。短语(be) known as表示“被称为”。故填known。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这件物品属于“中国潮”，也被称为“国潮”，指的是包括中国传统文化元素在内的各种产品。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词China Chic，在从句作主语，指物，故填which。
【41题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：近年来，这些产品受到了该国年轻一代的欢迎。主语products与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文in recent years可知为现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用have。故填have been embraced。
【42题详解】
考查时态。句意：据新华社报道，2022年，Z世代占中国时尚产品消费者的74%，中国时尚产品的搜索量在过去十年中增长了五倍。根据后文in 2022可知为一般过去时。故填accounted。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名年轻的设计师，王希望通过他对龙的创造性诠释来吸引年轻的消费者。短语hope to do sth.表示“希望做某事”。故填to capture。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：“我一直在深入研究龙的历史内涵和Z世代消费者的心理特征，”这位34岁的设计师在接受《北京评论》采访时表示。修饰动词study应用副词thoroughly，故填thoroughly。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：“我一直在深入研究龙的历史内涵和Z世代消费者的心理特征，”这位34岁的设计师在接受《北京评论》采访时表示。修饰名词characteristics应用形容词psychological，作定语。故填psychological。
第四部分写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 假设你是李华。上个月，你参加了学校开展的“职业初体验”(My First Experience in Career)实 践活动。现校英文报正向全校学生征集相关稿件。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1.你体验的一项职业;
2.你的感受。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸相应位置作答。
My First Experience in Career
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
My First Experience in Career
Last month, I had the privilege of participating in our school’s initiative, “My First Experience in Career.” It aimed to provide students like me with a glimpse into diverse professions.
My journey began at a local hospital, where I shadowed as a diligent nurse for a day. Witnessing her interactions with patients, meticulous care, and swift decision-making, I gained a deeper understanding of the immense responsibility and compassion required in this noble profession. It was an eye-opening experience that left me grateful for the healthcare workers who tirelessly save lives.
This practical experience transformed me, increasing my knowledge and igniting ambition. I’m thankful to our school for organizing such a meaningful program and excited for future opportunities.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英文报投稿，介绍学校开展的“职业初体验”(My First Experience in Career)实 践活动
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：participate in→take part in
旨在做某事：aim to do sth.→intend to do sth.
多种多样的：diverse →various
感激的：grateful→thankful
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m thankful to our school for organizing such a meaningful program and excited for future opportunities.
拓展句：I’m thankful to our school which organized such a meaningful program and excited for future opportunities.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 My journey began at a local hospital, where I shadowed as a diligent nurse for a day.（运用了where引导的非限定性定语从句）
【高分句型2】 It was an eye-opening experience that left me grateful for the healthcare workers who tirelessly save lives.（运用了that引导的限定性定语从句，who引导的限定性定语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was 40 years ago. One day, Emma came back to their apartment from work and realized that her husband, David, was extremely ill. He was throwing up and slurring (发音不清) his words. Immediately, Emma grabbed her
purse and took him by taxi to the nearest hospital, on the Lower East Side of New York City. The minutes slowly passed as they waited to see a doctor.
They sat there for a couple of hours, and it was pretty clear that nobody was going to pay attention to David. So they rushed to a second hospital, where they were also ignored. Emma knew something was very wrong with David, so they went to a third hospital. As she told the receptionist what was happening, Emma sensed the person wasn’t going to treat their case with urgency.
Emma was on the edge of a breakdown. After three failed attempts to get help, she had reached her limit. She started to shout in the lobby (大厅). That’s when her unsung hero appeared.
That person was a young man with dark hair and a white physician’s coat. He came to Emma and said, “How can I help you What’s going on here ” Emma explained what was happening to David, and that she was afraid it was serious.
The young man said, “You know, I just got done with my neurological residency (神经系统的实习期) up at Lenox Hill Hospital. I’ll take him in the back and look.” Within two or three minutes, the young man came out and said, “You are absolutely right. Something is very seriously wrong with your husband.”
The man told Emma to take her husband to Lenox Hill Hospital, and that he had called the doctor with whom he had done his residency.
“He’ll be waiting for you,” said the young man.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
But Emma began to cry, realizing she had no way of getting there, because she didn’t have any more cash for a taxi.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Soon Emma and her husband arrived at the hospital.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
But Emma began to cry, realizing she had no way of getting there, because she didn’t have any more cash for a taxi. The young doctor quickly noticed her distress and offered to arrange for a taxi, ensuring her that it would be paid for. “Don’t worry, I’ll make sure you get there safely,” he said with kindness. Emma felt a wave of relief wash over her, knowing that her husband would finally receive the medical attention he desperately needed.
Soon Emma and her husband arrived at the hospital. The doctor who had been waiting for them immediately began to examine David thoroughly. Emma watched anxiously as the doctor conducted various tests and questioned David. After a few tense moments, the doctor turned to Emma with a serious expression. “Your husband has suffered a stroke,” he said. “We’ll need to get him into surgery immediately.” Emma nodded, grateful for the doctor’s quick action and expertise. She knew that without the help of the young doctor who had intervened, her husband’s condition could have been much worse.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。四十多年前，艾玛下班回家发现丈夫大卫病重。艾玛立即带他去了最近的医院，但没有得到及时诊治，接连换了两家医院情况依旧。艾玛心急如焚，决定不再等待。在第三家医院的大厅里，她情绪崩溃大声呼救，这时一位年轻的神经科实习医生出现了。他主动提出帮忙检查大卫，并确认病情严重，随即安排他们前往伦诺克斯山医院，自己已联系好医生等候。这位无名英雄的及时出现，为大卫争取到了宝贵的救治时间。
【详解】1.段落续写
①由第一段句首内容“但是艾玛开始哭了起来，她意识到她没有办法去那里，因为她没有更多的钱打车了。”可知，第一段可以描写这位医生帮她打车并付钱，以便让她顺利到达了想去的医院。
②由第二段句首内容“不久，艾玛和她的丈夫来到了医院。”可知，第二段可以描写到达医院后一生的救治和她的感受。
2.续写线索：没钱打车—医生找车并付钱—到医院—救治—感激
3.词汇激活
行为类
①注意到：notice/perceive
②确保：ensure/guarantee
③接收到：receive/get
情绪类
①感到如释重负：feel a wave of relief/feel relieved
②焦急地，忧虑地：anxiously/worriedly
【点睛】【高分句型1】The young doctor quickly noticed her distress and offered to arrange for a taxi, ensuring her that it would be paid for. ( 运用了现在分词ensuring作状语、that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】Emma felt a wave of relief wash over her, knowing that her husband would finally receive the medical attention he desperately needed.( 运用了现在分词knowing作状语、that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型3】The doctor who had been waiting for them immediately began to examine David thoroughly.(运用了who引导的定语从句)2024届高考考前仿真冲刺卷
英语
注意事项：
1. 答卷前,考生务必将自己的考生号、姓名、考点学校、考场号及座位号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并收回。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)
第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
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1. From which is the text probably taken
A. A magazine. B. A web page.
C. A book guide. D. A shopping list.
2. Who can get the promo codes for discounts on travel bookings
A. Experienced authors. B. Experts in group travel.
C. Reader’s Digest subscribers. D. Publishers of Reader’s Digest.
3. How much can a couple save with promo codes for a holiday of 7 nights
A. 60. B. 100. C. 120. D. 200.
B
In 1972, Barbara Rieco penned a heartfelt children’s book that held her dream within its pages. Despite her best efforts, the manuscript (手稿) faced repeated rejection from publishers, leading her to eventually set aside her dream of becoming a published author.
Little did she know that, decades later, her grandson would turn the dream into reality. Chad Cooper, a production professional, decided to give his grandmother the ultimate Christmas gift — the publication of her treasured book. Visiting her in Baltimore for the holidays, he secretly took her original manuscript, along with the drawings for the book she had obtained from an artist years ago, and transformed them into a beautifully printed book.
On Christmas morning, as Barbara unwrapped the carefully crafted gift, she was overcome with emotion as she realized what the surprise was. The moment, captured and posted online by Chad, quickly resonated (产生共鸣) with viewers, and the video became a hit.
“This is probably the nicest thing anyone has ever done for me in my entire life,” Barbara said in the video, who also gave her grandson a big hug, with tears.
Chad’s thoughtful gesture didn’t just end with the surprise; he also included a link to the book on Amazon, making it available to the public. The response was nothing short of magic — within days, Barbara’s once-forgotten book skyrocketed to the top of Amazon’s bestseller list, earning the coveted spot as a best seller.
Chad filmed the reaction to that news and shared more updates. Barbara said she had been reading every single comment online and wanted to respond to them all but there were thousands of them.
“I’ve bought Barbara Rieco’s book even though I’m 21 and don’t even have kids. I’ve read it and I really like it,” said one viewer.
“My children enjoy reading the book and they recommend me to read it as well,” another viewer commented.
Barbara Rieco’s book, now accepted by a new generation of readers, continues to spread joy and inspiration.
4. What did Chad Cooper do for his grandmother
A. He had her book published. B. He drew for her new book.
C. He arranged an artist to meet her. D. He helped finish her manuscript.
5. How did Barbara Rieco feel when receiving her grandson’s Christmas gift
A. Calm and proud. B. Lucky but regretful.
C. Delighted but worried. D. Excited and grateful.
6 What does the underlined word “coveted” in paragraph 6 probably mean
A. Dangerous. B. Desired. C. Empty. D. Forgotten.
7. Why are the two viewers mentioned in the text
A. To reveal Barbara’s gift for writing books.
B. To show the popularity of Barbara’s book.
C. To tell the influence of reading on the young.
D. To highlight the value of Chad’s Christmas gift.
C
Shakespeare described sleep as “the main course in life’s feast, and the most nourishing”. New research suggests it may also be a key nutrient in defend us against Alzheimer’s disease.
Poor sleep has long been linked to Alzheimer’s, but the relationship is similar to the chicken-and-egg puzzle. It isn’t clear which came first. During deep sleep, the brain produces slow electrical waves and flushes out neurotoxins (神经毒素) including amyloid (淀粉样蛋白) and tau (微管蛋白) , two indicators of the disease.
Studies have shown that even one night of terrible deep sleep can lead to an increase of amyloid. A week of disrupted sleep can raise the amount of tau, which is especially insidious because over time it can strangle neurons from the inside out.
A study in the Annals of Neurology found that a sleep pill called suvorexant could reduce amyloid and tau in middle-aged adults with no cognitive problems. The two-night trial showed that amyloid dropped 10%to 20%, and a key form of tau 10%to 15%in people who received a high dose compared to a placebo (安慰剂) group. But these effects need to be studied over longer periods of time—including in older adults at higher risk of Alzheimers. But the study suggests that improving sleep quality among middle-aged adults could help reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer’s later in life.
What has puzzled neurologists, however, is that some people with high levels of amyloid who may appear to have Alzheimer’s based on brain scans nonetheless function normally. Neurologists assume that this is because some people have higher levels of “cognitive reserve.” which enables them to function normally despite neurological damage. But there’s another X factor, which scientists have struggled to identify. A new study suggests it may be sleep, and in particular deep sleep.
“Think of deep sleep almost like a life raft that keeps memory afloat, rather than memory getting dragged down by the weight of Alzheimer’s disease,” says Matthew Walker, a neuroscience professor at UC Berkeley.
8. What is the relationship between sleep and Alzheimer’s disease according to the new research
A. Inadequate sleep will indicate Alzheimer’s disease.
B. The disease may be prevented if we can sleep well.
C. Neurotoxins produced during sleep cause the disease.
D. A good sleep will raise the indicators of the disease.
9. What can we infer from paragraph four
A. It’s too early to use the sleeping pill to treat Alzheimer’s.
B. It’s advisable that adults turn to suvorexant to sleep well.
C. Suvorexant is a desirable pill to improve our sleep quality.
D. The amount of Amyloid and tau decreased due to placebo.
10. What is the main idea of paragraph five
A. Researchers’ great confusion about the high levels of amyloid.
B. Low level cognitive reserve resulting in abnormal brain function.
C. Potential determinants related to the possibility of Alzheimer’s.
D. Neurologists’ assumption about our brain function and damage.
11. Why dose Matthew Walker make the comparison in his remarks
A. To advocate a healthy lifestyle among adults.
B To emphasize the significance of sleep quality.
C. To demonstrate the crucial role of our memory.
D. To detail the damage brought by Alzheimer’s.
D
Researchers are training robots to perform an ever-growing number of tasks through trial-and-error reinforcement (强化) learning, which is often laborious and time-consuming. To help out, humans are now
employing large language model (LLM) AI. A team at NVIDIA Research directed an AI protocol (协议) powered by OpenAI’s GPT-4 to teach a simulation (模拟) of a robotic hand nearly 30 complex tasks, including throwing a ball, pushing blocks, pressing switches, and some other seriously impressive abilities.
NVIDIA’s new “AI agent” Eureka uses GPT-4 by asking the large language model to write its own reward-based reinforcement learning software code. According to the company, Eureka doesn’t need complicated reminders or even pre-written patterns; instead, it simply begins experimenting with a program, and then follows any external human feedback.
In the company’s announcement, Linxi “Jim” Fan, a senior research scientist at NVIDIA, described Eureka as a unique combination of LLMs and simulation programming. “We believe that Eureka will enable robots to control items flexibly and provide a new way to produce physically realistic animations for artists,” Fan added. After testing its training protocol within an advanced simulation program, Eureka then analyzes its collected data and directs the LLM to further improve upon its design. The result is a protocol capable of successfully numbering a variety of robotic hand designs to operate scissors, turn pens and open cupboards within a physics-accurate simulated environment.
Eureka’s alternatives to human-written trial-and-error learning programs aren’t just effective—in most cases, they’re actually better than those authored by humans. In the team’s open-source research paper findings, Eureka-designed reward programs outperformed humans’ code in over 80 percent of the tasks—amounting to an average performance improvement of over 50 percent in the robotic simulations.
“Reinforcement learning has contributed to impressive wins over the last decade, yet many challenges still exist, such as reward design, which remains a trial-and-error process,” said Anima Anandkumar, an AI researcher. “Eureka is the first step toward developing new algorithms (算法) that integrate generative and reinforcement learning methods to solve hard tasks.”
12. Why is AI used for the training
A. To simplify robots’ tasks. B. To advertise OpenAI’s GPT-4.
C. To speed up the training process. D. To recognize artists’ role in art creation.
13. What does Eureka need to do in the training
A Design reward programs. B. Copy pre-written patterns.
C. Get complicated reminders. D. Avoid human intervention.
14. How does Anima Anandkumar find Eureka
A. It is still poor at the reward design. B. It should learn from hard tasks.
C. It has few challenges to solve. D. It is of pioneering significance.
15. What is the main idea of the text
A. Trial-and-error learning programs are promising.
B. Robots can finish complex tasks through learning.
C. Reinforcement learning improves robotic simulations.
D. AI can better teach a simulated robotic hand to perform tasks.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Learning often requires taking different risks, whether it’s the willingness to try something new or keep trying after a failed attempt. For children, it’s this process of learning how to take risks and becoming comfortable with failure that can help them grow and develop. ___16___ As research is showing, children’s willingness to take risks in learning can depend on their relationship with their parents.
According to the research, children who viewed their parents as being supportive and reliable were more willing to take risks while learning. “ ___17___ When their parents support them and are trustworthy, the children get a sense of how things work,” said Seth Pollak, the lead researcher of the study.
Here is what you, as parents, should remember.
Creating a supportive learning environment for your children often includes identifying what they struggle with and what they need. ___18___ Your children can’t necessarily tell you what they need, but they are often showing you. For example, if your children are consistently having a meltdown (崩溃) after school, that could be a sign that they are overstimulated from the school day, and need some extra time to relieve pressure before starting their homework. Other behaviors could include refusing to do something, such as writing with a pencil or doing their math homework.
One way to create reliability is to develop routines with your children. ___19___ For example, it could be making the effort to give them 10 minutes of undivided attention when they come home from school, making it a habit to play LEGOs with them every Friday evening, or a predictable bedtime routine. ___20___
A. That is what they expect from their children.
B. Those routines should be developed by children themselves.
C. That consistent and positive attention can make a big difference.
D. Children from more stable backgrounds perform better in learning.
E. One way to do that is to track certain behaviors over time, looking for patterns.
F. The routines are less about how big or time-consuming, and more about their predictability.
G. However, encouraging children to take these risks can be an extremely difficult task for parents.
第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节：(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was a heartwarming turn of events on the special night. The Inner Finland Police Department successfully ___21___ a missing child with the help of their police dog, Kuha. According to Finland’s Police Dog Association, the ___22___ went missing at around 7:00 pm on December 23. The snow covered the tracks, so the family had to seek ___23___ from the authorities. A rescue team was quickly ___24___ , including a dog, which played a(n) ___25___ role in the rescue.
The search initially focused on the city center, but the ___26___ came near the child’s home. Kuha carefully ___27___ a snow pile(堆)where children had built snow caves. Despite the challenging conditions, Kuha’s keen(敏锐的)sense of smell and its devotion ___28___ .
At around 12:30 am that night, Kuha discovered a shoe ___29___ under three feet of snow. The child, who had been trapped in a collapsed snow cave, was ____30____ firstly but gradually recovered after receiving medical attention. The community breathed a collective sigh of ____31____ as the child was able to speak in the ambulance.
The success of this rescue mission was ____32____ to the extensive training of police dog Kuha. The dog handler’s knowledge that human ____33____ rises in the snow led to a second search of the pile, ____34____ leading to the child’s discovery. The Finnish Police Dog Association also ____35____ Kuha’s role in the successful rescue.
21. A. entertained B. located C. educated D. trained
22. A. team B. family C. child D. dog
23. A. announcements B. equipment C. explanations D. assistance
24. A. established B. reported C. transformed D. awarded
25. A. unknown B. crucial C. alternative D. strange
26. A. passion B. accident C. breakthrough D. challenge
27. A. constructed B. restored C. guarded D. inspected
28 A. left behind B. ran out C. went back D. paid off
29. A. burned B. buried C. dried D. ruined
30. A. unresponsive B. unbelievable C. unapproachable D. unchangeable
31. A. relief B. envy C. regret D. sympathy
32. A. adjusted B. credited C. devoted D. limited
33. A. temperature B. spirit C. smell D. energy
34. A. completely B. initially C. similarly D. ultimately
35. A. designed B. discussed C. celebrated D. played
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Year of the Dragon comes with inspiration for creativity and the power to bring big ideas ____36____life.
Designer Wang Zijian’s Dragon Out of Water, a creative tea infuser (泡茶器),shines on the wall at the exhibition of the winning works of the 2024 Global Zodiac Design Competition at the Beijing Overseas Cultural Exchange Center. ____37____ (it) cute dragon design and special function are bound to appeal to young consumers. “It’s ____38____unique product, and we expect a positive response from young customers,” Wang told Beijing Review.
The item belongs to China Chic, or guochao, also ____39____ (know) as “national wave”,____40____refers to products of all sorts including traditional Chinese cultural elements. These products____41____ (embrace) by the country’s younger generations in recent years. According to a report by Xinhua News Agency, Gen Z____42____ (account) for 74 percent of consumers of China Chic goods in 2022, and the search volume of China Chic products has increased five times over the past decade.
As a young designer, Wang hopes ____43____ (capture) young consumers with his creative interpretation of dragons. “I’ve been____44____(thorough) studying the dragon’s historical connotations (言外之意) and the _____45_____ (psychology) characteristics of Gen Z consumers,” the 34-year-old designer told Beijing Review.
第四部分写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 假设你是李华。上个月，你参加了学校开展的“职业初体验”(My First Experience in Career)实 践活动。现校英文报正向全校学生征集相关稿件。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1.你体验的一项职业;
2.你的感受。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
My First Experience in Career
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was 40 years ago. One day, Emma came back to their apartment from work and realized that her husband, David, was extremely ill. He was throwing up and slurring (发音不清) his words. Immediately, Emma grabbed her purse and took him by taxi to the nearest hospital, on the Lower East Side of New York City. The minutes slowly passed as they waited to see a doctor.
They sat there for a couple of hours, and it was pretty clear that nobody was going to pay attention to David. So they rushed to a second hospital, where they were also ignored. Emma knew something was very wrong with David, so they went to a third hospital. As she told the receptionist what was happening, Emma sensed the person wasn’t going to treat their case with urgency.
Emma was on the edge of a breakdown. After three failed attempts to get help, she had reached her limit. She started to shout in the lobby (大厅). That’s when her unsung hero appeared.
That person was a young man with dark hair and a white physician’s coat. He came to Emma and said, “How can I help you What’s going on here ” Emma explained what was happening to David, and that she was afraid it was serious.
The young man said, “You know, I just got done with my neurological residency (神经系统的实习期) up at Lenox Hill Hospital. I’ll take him in the back and look.” Within two or three minutes, the young man came out and said, “You are absolutely right. Something is very seriously wrong with your husband.”
The man told Emma to take her husband to Lenox Hill Hospital, and that he had called the doctor with whom he had done his residency.
“He’ll be waiting for you,” said the young man.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
But Emma began to cry, realizing she had no way of getting there, because she didn’t have any more cash for
a taxi.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Soon Emma and her husband arrived at the hospital.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
