人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 2 Iconic attractions 周测试卷（一）（含解析）

人教版（2019）选择性必修四Unit 2 Iconic attractions
周测试卷（一）
满分：100分 测试时间：40分钟。
品词填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
1．To construct a huge building, first of all, you ought to lay a solid ________(基础)．
2．As a ________(政治的)leader, Mr.Wu behaves properly at any moment in the public.
3．Most part of our country lies north of the ________(赤道)．
4．Most teenagers enjoy eating ________(烧烤), but it does little good to our health.
5．As she has received little education, she has to work in a ________(面包店) near her home.
6．The ________(屠夫) thinks it too cruel for him to kill so many pigs, so he wants to give it up.
7．British ________(首相) will pay an official visit to the eastern countries in Asia next month.
8．As we all know, bamboos are ________(空心的), so they are easy to carry.
9．I love to stay with those people who are ________(坦率的) and will speak up their mind.
10．There are many ________(标语) in the street, calling for wildlife protection.
11. The phrase reminds us that everything we think is permanent is actually only t 　　　　　　（暂时的）and constantly changing.
12. Mr Brown was sentenced to four years in prison and lost his medical l 　　　　　　（执照）.
13. When baby cuckoos h 　　　　　　（孵出），they push the other eggs out of the nest.
14. In our b 　　　　 　　（生物学）class，we watched a video which shows how chicks hatch.
15. The session was held in a grand hall which has a c 　　　　　　（容量）of 8，000 people.
单句语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．Many people call for ________(politics) reforms in that country.
2．I have never visited the small village ________(locate) on the other side of this river.
3．The wall has been built up as the ________(divide) of the two cities.
4．Tom, along with his parents, ________(be) going to pay a visit to China next month.
5．I bought many books yesterday, most of ________ are in English.
6．While ________(do) her homework in her room, she heard someone crying for help outside.
7．Our company is made up ________ ten branches with eight in China and two in the US.
8．Generally ________(speak), people in China prefer to stay in the city after they retire.
9．With all of his work ________(finish), Mike was allowed to go home earlier than usual.
10．Either Jackson ________ Jeffery will be sent to do some voluntary work in the village.
阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Competing in the Mongol Derby
Standing at the finishing line, 70-year-old Bob Long spent a while reflecting on the achievement he’d just made. Behind him was the wild, endless Mongolian grassland extending into the distance. This American had just become the oldest person to ever complete and win the Mongol Derby, the world’s longest horse race.
Long, a rider all his life, entered the race after being inspired by All the Wild Horses, a movie based on the exhausting event.
Fearing that he wouldn’t be able to complete it, he set about preparing his mind and body for this “hardest, toughest, most demanding thing you can do on a horse”, an annual 1,000-kilometer race that was recognized as the world’s longest horse race by The Guinness Book of Records in 2011. He confirmed his belief that preparation can surpass (超过；胜过) youth, as some of the other riders were less prepared.
Although Long had been riding horses for many years, the hardship and uncertainty of the task pushed him to his limit and forced him to depend entirely on his own will. The race organizers had provided an extensive support network to keep an eye on the participants from afar. Despite that, the physical pressure of riding such a long distance made simple things like squatting (蹲) down at the end of the day almost impossible.
Along the vast race course there were unpredictable circumstances beyond Long’s control, however well prepared he’d been. Weather was one of them, which could switch from heavy rain to burning sun unexpectedly.
Above all else, the biggest obstacle was the state of mind. Without a living soul in sight, Long was desperate for interaction, guidance, and comfort. This feeling of loneliness accounted for his hope that one of his fellow competitors would catch up.
Regardless of the hardship, Long felt a sort of spiritual adventure while traveling through the wilderness. He was provided with some memorable moments while connecting with nature. He also grew to love the country and the communities along the route.
Still holding the passion for riding, Long never dismisses the idea of competing in another Mongol Derby.
1 What distinguished Bob Long from other competitors in the Mongol Derby
A. He rode the whole race course alone.
B. He completed the toughest part of the course.
C. He was the oldest participant of the horse race.
D. He was most likely to enter the competition again.
2. What played a decisive part in Long’s achievement
A. His strong willpower. B. His thorough preparation.
C. His passion for nature. D. An extensive support provided by the organizers.
3. What was the biggest challenge that Long faced during the race
A. The changeable weather.
B. The psychological condition in the course.
C. The difficulty in finding the competitors.
D. The physical demand of riding a long distance.
4. What is the text mainly about
A. An introduction to the Mongol Derby.
B. A review of a film based on the longest horse race.
C. The experience of the Mongol Derby’s oldest winner.
D. The preparations before a long and difficult horse race.
B
We are all aware of the damaging pollution that’s created by driving petrol and diesel (柴油) vehicles. Many of the world’s cities are blocked with traffic, creating fumes containing gases such as nitrogen oxides. The solution for a cleaner, greener future could be electric vehicles. But how optimistic should we be There was much excitement last year when the UK government announced it
will ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030. But is that easier said than done
The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off. Currently, battery life is an issue — a fully charged battery won’t take you as far as a full tank of petrol. There are also limited numbers of charging points to plug an EV into. Of course, technology is always improving. Some of the biggest tech companies, like Google and Tesla, are spending huge amounts of money developing electric cars. And most of the big car manufacturers are now making them too. Colin Herron, a consultant on low-carbon vehicle technology, told the BBC: “The big leap forward will come with solid state batteries, which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress to cars.” These will charge more quickly and give cars a bigger range. Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric power. But some countries offer incentive, such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking. Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on, overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams.
These kinds of measures have made Norway the country with the most electric cars per capita (人均) at more than thirty electric cars per 1000 inhabitants. But Colin Herron warns that “electric motoring” doesn’t mean a zero-carbon future. “It’s emission-free motoring, but the car has to be built, the battery has to be built, and the electricity does come from somewhere.” Maybe it’s time to think about making fewer journeys or using public transport.
5. What can we infer from the question at the end of paragraph 1
A. We should not be too optimistic about the future.
B. Electric vehicles may not solve the traffic problems.
C. It’s not a good idea to replace petrol vehicles with electric ones.
D. It is not easy to obtain a greener future by means of electric vehicles.
6. What does the underlined word “incentive” mean in paragraph 2
A. payment B. income C. encouragement D. method
7. Which statement is true according to the passage
A. Electric motoring will create a zero-carbon future.
B. Electric cars might not get stuck in traffic jams in the future.
C. There are four obstacles on the road to global traffic being totally electric.
D. Putting solid-state batteries in electric cars first will be a “great leap forward”.
8. What is the most suitable title for the text
A. Total Electric Traffic: a Long Way to Go
B. Electric Vehicles: a Road to a Greener Future
C. Electric Power or Petrol: a Tough Decision to Make
D. Petrol and Diesel Vehicles: a Main source of Gases
四、 完形填空(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
As I walk into the big room at school, I’m wearing my white coat that doctors usually wear. But I also have on some funny ___1___ and a messy wig that makes me look like a crazy scientist. My name tag says “Professor Quantum Quirks,” which makes people laugh.
Inside the room, there are a lot of ___2___ getting ready for a science fair. They look excited but also a little ___3___. I notice one boy sitting by himself, looking ___4___ because his science project isn’t working right. I go over to him and ___5___ he’s having a hard time with it. I feel bad for him. So, I decide to ___6___ him by doing a fun experiment together. We ___7___ a mini volcano using simple things we can find at home. He starts to ___8___ himself and gets excited when the volcano erupts with bubbly stuff. Other kids see us having fun and come over to ___9___. We do more cool experiments with them and everyone is ___10___ and having a good time.
By the end of the science fair, I ___11___ my wig and glasses, but I’m still ___12___ because it was so much fun. I hope the kids keep being ___13___ about science and discovering new ___14___. After all, asking questions and exploring is how we learn and have fun in the world of ___15___.
1. A. gloves B. glasses C. socks D. shoes
2. A. kids B. professors C. workers D. doctors
3. A. disappointed B. angry C. nervous D. confused
4. A. delighted B. upset C. excited D. calm
5. A. argue B. hope C. imagine D. find
6. A. help B. refuse C. abandon D. hug
7. A. draw B. destroy C. make D. observe
8. A. behave B. seat C. excuse D. enjoy
9. A. join B. listen C. think D. wait
10. A. competing B. laughing C. discussing D. changing
11. A. put on B. catch sight of C. take off D. take pride in
12. A. debating B. wandering C. explaining D. smiling
13. A. curious B. sure C. anxious D. particular
14. A. experiments B. things C. comments D. fairs
15. A. music B. fashion C. literature D. science
五、语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
It is hard to give a precise definition of Western art, as there ___1___(be) so many different styles of Western art over the centuries. Perhaps ___2___(take) a look at the development of Western painting over the centuries is a best way to understand Western art.
In the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was ___3__(teach)people about Christianity. Thus, artists focused___4__(much)on religion than on realistic scenes.
However, their attention began to shift from religious themes to nature in the 13th century. Then came the period of the Renaissance, ___5___ artists began to pay less attention to religious themes. They took a more humanistic attitude ___6___ life. Influential painters such as Da Vinci, and Michelangelo used oil in their works. This technique reached its ___7___(high)with Rembrandt, ___8___ master of shadow and light.
There followed Impressionism and some famous artists also emerged in this period. During this period, artists sought to show not just the outer image but ___9___(they)inner warmth and humanity as well.
In modern times, subsequent artists begin to ask what art is and understand art ___10___(unique). Some gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality while others turned to abstract art. Maybe no one can answer the question.
参考答案：
词汇运用：
1.foundation　2.political　3.equator 4．barbecue　5.bakery　6.butcher　7.premier 8．hollow　9.straightforward　10.slogans. 11. temporary　12. license　13. hatch 　14. biology 15. capacity
二、单句语法填空：
1.political　2.located　3.division　4.is 5．which　6.doing　7.of　8.speaking　9.finished 10．or
阅读理解
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一位70岁的美国老人完成世界上最长的赛马比赛，并成为有史以来赢得蒙古德比的最年长的人。并讲述了他参加德比的经验。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“This American had just become the oldest person to ever complete and win the Mongol Derby, the world’s longest horse race. (这位美国人刚刚成为有史以来完成并赢得蒙古德比的最年长的人，这是世界上最长的赛马比赛)”可知，与其他参赛选手相比，Long是赛马比赛中最年长的参赛选手，故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Although Long had been riding horses for many years, the hardship and uncertainty of the task pushed him to his limit and forced him to depend entirely on his own will. (虽然Long已经骑马多年，但任务的艰辛和不确定性将他推向了极限，迫使他完全依靠自己的意志)”可知，在比赛中，任务的艰辛和不确定性需要Long完全依靠自己的意志。由此可知，在Long取得的成就中，他自己强大的意志起到决定性作用。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段“Above all else, the biggest obstacle was the state of mind. Without a living soul in sight, Long was desperate for interaction, guidance, and comfort. This feeling of loneliness accounted for his hope that one of his fellow competitors would catch up.(最重要的是，最大的障碍是心态。在看不到活人的情况下，Long迫切需要互动、指导和安慰。这种孤独感使他希望有一个竞争对手能赶上来)”可知，Long在比赛中，心态是他最大的障碍和最大的挑战，故选B。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段“Standing at the finishing line, 70-year-old Bob Long spent a while reflecting on the achievement he’d just made. Behind him was the wild, endless Mongolian grassland extending into the distance. This American had just become the oldest person to ever complete and win the Mongol Derby, the world’s longest horse race. (站在终点线上，70岁的Bob Long花了一段时间反思他刚刚取得的成就。在他身后，是一望无际的广袤蒙古草原，一直延伸到远处。这位美国人刚刚成为有史以来完成并赢得蒙古德比的最年长的人，这是世界上最长的赛马比赛)”及第三段“Fearing that he wouldn’t be able to complete it, he set about preparing his mind and body for this “hardest, toughest, most demanding thing you can do on a horse”, an annual 1, 000-kilometre race that was recognized as the world’s longest horse race by The Guinness Book of Records in 2011. He confirmed his belief that preparation can surpass (超过；胜过) youth, as some of the other riders were less prepared. (由于担心自己无法完成比赛，他开始为可以在赛马上做出最努力，最艰难，最高要求的事，准备好自己的思想和身体)”可知，文章主要讲述一位70岁的美国老人完成世界上最长的赛马比赛，并成为有史以来赢得蒙古德比的最年长的人。C项“蒙古德比最年长赢家的经历”可以概括本文主要内容。故选C。
【答案】5. D 6. C 7. B 8. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了电动汽车更加清洁、更加环保，但是电动汽车本身有两大问题亟待解决，而且汽车电动化并不意味着零碳，实现全球交通电动化还有很长的路要走。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“But is that easier said than done (但这说起来容易做起来难吗？)”可知，第一段提出疑问：英国宣布从2030年开始禁止销售新型汽油和柴油汽车，这说起来容易做起来难吗？第二段第一句“The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off.(实现全球交通完全电动化的道路还有很长的路要走。)”指出实现全球交通完全电动化还有很长的路要走。由此可推测出，作者在第一段最后提出疑问是想说明用电动汽车来实现环保并不容易。故选D。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词前一句“Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric power.(成本是另一个可能阻碍人们转向电力的问题。)”和划线词后的“such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking. (比如通过降低进口税来降低价格，以及不收取道路税和停车费。)”可知，划线词后的举例是对incentive的进一步说明，通过降低进口税来降价以及不收取道路税和停车费，这些有助于降低购买和使用成本，有助于激励人们购买，incentive意为“激励措施”，与encouragement(起激励作用的事物)意思最接近。故选C。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“Currently, battery life is an issue (目前，电池寿命是一个问题)”以及“Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric power. (成本是另一个可能阻碍人们转向电力的问题。)”可知，C项“在全球交通完全电动化的道路上有四个障碍”是错误的。最后一段讲到“But Colin Herron warns that “electric motoring” doesn’t mean a zero-carbon future (但是科林·赫伦警告说“电动汽车”并不意味着零碳排放的未来)”可知，A项“电动汽车将创造一个零碳的未来”是错误的。第二段还讲到“The big leap forward will come with solid state batteries, which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress to cars (固态电池将带来巨大的飞跃，它将首先出现在手机和笔记本电脑中，然后才会发展为汽车)”可知，D项“首先将固态电池应用于电动汽车将是一次“大跃进””是错误的。根据第二段“Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on, overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams.(一些国家还为电动汽车提供专用车道，超越可能陷入拥堵的传统汽车。)”可知，电动汽
车有专用通道，因此，“电动汽车在未来可能不会陷入交通堵塞”是正确的说法。故选B。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off.(实现全球交通完全电动化的道路还有很长的路要走。)”可知，电动汽车更加清洁、更加环保，但实现全球交通电动化还有很长的路要走，电动汽车本身有两大问题亟待解决，而且汽车电动化并不意味着零碳。由此可推测出，A项“全电动交通：任重道远”最适合作本文标题。故选A。
完形填空
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和孩子们一起进行科学实验，大家都玩的很高兴，作者希望孩子们对科学保持好奇心，发现新事物。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我也戴着一副滑稽的眼镜和一顶凌乱的假发，让我看起来像个疯狂的科学家。A. gloves手套；B. glasses眼镜；C. socks袜子；D. shoes鞋子。根据后文“my wig and glasses”可知，作者戴眼镜。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在房间里，有很多孩子正在为科学展览做准备。A. kids孩子；B. professors专家；C. workers工人；D. doctors医生。根据后文“I notice one boy”提到看到男孩，说明孩子在为科学展览做准备。后文“Other kids”也是提示。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们看起来很兴奋，但也有点紧张。A. disappointed失望的；B. angry生气的；C. nervous紧张的；D. confused困惑的。根据上文“They look excited but also a little”以及“getting ready for a science fair”可知，but表示转折，说明孩子们为科学展览兴奋，但也有点紧张。故选C。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我注意到一个男孩独自坐着，看起来很沮丧，因为他的科学项目没有顺利进行。A. delighted高兴的；B. upset沮丧的；C. excited激动的；D. calm平静的。根
据后文“because his science project isn’t working right”可知，男孩因为项目不顺利很沮丧。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我走到他身边，发现他正在艰难地处理这件事。A. argue争论；B. hope希望；C. imagine想象；D. find找到，发现。根据后文“he’s having a hard time with it”指作者发现男孩在艰难地处理项目上的问题。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，我决定一起做一个有趣的实验来帮助他。A. help帮助；B. refuse拒绝；C. abandon抛弃；D. hug拥抱。根据后文“him by doing a fun experiment together”指作者决定帮助男孩。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们用在家里能找到的简单的东西做了一个迷你火山。A. draw绘画；B. destroy破坏；C. make制作；D. observe观察。根据后文“a mini volcano using simple things we can find at home”可知，他们一起制作了一个迷你火山。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他开始玩得很开心，当火山喷出气泡的时候，他变得很兴奋。A. behave行为；B. seat就坐；C. excuse原谅；D. enjoy欣赏。根据后文“gets excited when the volcano erupts with bubbly stuff”指男孩玩得高兴，应用enjoy oneself。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他的孩子看到我们玩得开心，就过来和我们一起玩。A. join加入；B. listen听；C. think认为；D. wait等待。根据后文“We do more cool experiments with them”可知，其他孩子也加入了进来。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们用它们做了更多很酷的实验，每个人都在笑，玩得很开心。A. competing比赛；B. laughing笑；C. discussing讨论；D. changing改变。根据后文“and having a good time”可知，大家玩的很开心，每个人都在笑。故选B。
【11题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：在科学展览结束时，我摘下了假发和眼镜，但我仍然微笑着，因为它太有趣了。A. put on穿上；B. catch sight of看见；C. take off起飞；脱下；D. take pride in以……为傲。根据上文“By the end of the science fair”可知，展览结束了，作者摘下假发和眼镜，
故选C。
【12题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在科学展览结束时，我摘下了假发和眼镜，但我仍然微笑着，因为它太有趣了。A. debating辩论；B. wandering漫游；C. explaining解释；D. smiling微笑。根据后文“because it was so much fun”可知，展览很有趣，结束了作者还在微笑。故选D。
【13题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望孩子们对科学保持好奇心，发现新事物。A. curious好奇的；B. sure确信的；C. anxious焦虑的；D. particular特定的。根据后文“asking questions and exploring”指对科学保持好奇心。故选A。
【14题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望孩子们对科学保持好奇心，发现新事物。A. experiments实验；B. things事情；C. comments评论；D. fairs集市。根据后文“asking questions and exploring”可知，科学需要探索和发现新事物。故选B。
【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，提问和探索是我们在科学世界中学习和享受乐趣的方式。A. music音乐；B. fashion时尚；C. literature文学；D. science科学。呼应上文“about science”指提问和探索是我们在科学世界中学习和享受乐趣的方式。故选D。
语法填空
【答案】1. have been
2. taking 3. to teach
4. more 5. when
6. to##towards
7. height . a8
9. their 10. uniquely
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是西方艺术的发展。
【1题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：很难给西方艺术下一个准确的定义，因为几个世纪以来西方艺术有很多不同的风格。根据句中的时间状语“over the centuries”可知，此处用现在完成时，且主语
是“many different styles”所以助动词用have，故填have been。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：回顾几个世纪以来西方绘画的发展也许是理解西方艺术的最好方法。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词，作主语，用动名词作主语。故填taking。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是教导人们基督教。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词，作表语，名词purpose后用动词不定式作表语。故填to teach。
【4题详解】
考查副词比较级。句意：因此，艺术家更多关注宗教而不是现实场景。分析句子结构可知，than前面用比较级，much比较级是more，故填more。
【5题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：随后到了文艺复兴时期，当时艺术家开始较少关注宗教题材。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的定语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，缺少时间状语，所以使用关系副词，先行词 the period of the Renaissance指的是时间。故填when。
【6题详解】
考查介词。句意：他们对生活采取了更加人文主义的态度。分析句子结构可知，此处为介词，表示“对...的态度”，attitude to或towards。故填to或towards。
【7题详解】
考查名词。句意：这种技巧在伦勃朗的时代达到了顶峰，伦勃朗赢得了光影大师的声誉。分析句子结构可知，形容词性物主代词后用名词，表示“顶峰”height。故填height。
【8题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这种技巧在伦勃朗的时代达到了顶峰，伦勃朗赢得了光影大师的声誉。分析句子结构可知，单数名词前用冠词，表示“一个大师”master首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
【9题详解】
考查代词。句意：在这一时期，艺术家不仅寻求表现外在形象，还寻求表现他们内在温暖和人性。分析句子结构可知，名词前用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
【10题详解】
考查副词。句意：到了现代，后继的艺术家开始追问艺术是什么，并对艺术有了独特的理解。分析句子结构可知，副词修饰动词understand作状语。故填uniquely。