中考英语阅读理解答题技巧
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中考英语阅读理解答题技巧
一、阅读理解考查题型
1.考查事实细节：
2.猜测生词含义：
3.推理判断：
4.归纳主旨大意：
5.推测作者的态度、意图和目的：
（一）事实性细节题
对时间、地点、特征、方式、数字等的寻找
对原因、结果、事实的正确理解
常用提问方式：
1. According to the passage, who (what, why, where, when，how many/much, how long)….
2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is (not) true
通常是特殊疑问句或判断句子正误
1.He / she should have an interest in making pizza. More importantly, he/ she should have work experience in a restaurant.
The ad tells us that____
A. The assistant must be a man.
B. The assistant must have once worked in a restaurant.
C. Pucci pizza has branches all over China.
事实理解题解题技巧：
事实细节题一般在:
1文中有原句；
2找相关信息进行比对;
3找近义词或同义句;
4进行简单数学计算;
在读文章时把这些信息划下来
（二） 猜测词义
词汇题是询问文章中出现的某个词、词组或
句子含义的题型。
常见的提问方式有：
1) The word ….. refers to _____
2) The underlined ….. probably means ____________
1、根据定义、释义
常用的：be, be called, mean，that is(to say)，in other words，call, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify等词汇或破折号或定语从句等来表示。
Well, I’ve relearned it. I hope I have time left to enjoy the successes of others and to take pleasure in the day. That’s the heart of the watermelon.
“the heart of the watermelon” refers to__.
A. the best part of the watermelon.
B. the writer’s busy life
C. the writer’s decision of making money.
D. the writer’s hope of enjoying life.
2、根据上下文情景和逻辑进行判断
As they go around town, they help people. When they find lost children, they take the children home. If they see a fight, they put an end to it right away.
They know all the streets and roads well.
Often people ask them how to get to a place in town.
In the text, “put an end to” means __
A. stop B. cut C. kill D. Fly
3、根据关联词来猜测
表示因果关系的：because, as, since, for, so, as a result…
表示同义关系的：and, like, just as…the same as….
表示反义关系的：but, however, though, although, yet, instead (of)
There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand.
What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese _____
A. 自来水 B. 大气 C. 冰川 D. 蒸汽
1.I could see nothing because the light was so (faint.)
2.Tom is very rude, but his brother is quite (polite.)
3. She is beautiful, and her daughter is as (pretty )as her.
演练1
A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful.
It gives us some interesting phrases .
One is “to let the cat out of the bag.” It is the same as “to tell a secret”
Now when someone lets out a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.”
Q:John lets the cat out of the bag” means he
A. makes everyone know a secret.
B. the woman bout a cat.
C. buys a cat in the bag.
D. sells the cat in the bag.`
实战演练2
If you want to be a musician, you usually have to move to an area that has a lot of jobs, such as New York City. The cost of living in these areas is usually very high. The third disadvantage is that you can’t have a stable family life. Different jobs will take a musician to different places, so most musicians are unable to have a regular family.
What does the underlined word “stable” mean in Chinese ________
A. 幸福的 B. 稳定的 C. 健康的
（4）根据生活经验及普通常识猜词
1)China is our motherland.
2)Kangaroo mothers have pouches to carry their babies.
3)It's really cold outside, and my hands are both numb.
Exercises: Guess the meaning of the new words quickly.
a.Wealthy means having lots of money.
b.Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to your health.
c. My mother-in-law, my husband’s mother, was a teacher. The boy had a happy family before. However, after the war, he became homeless.
d.You must stop dreaming and face reality.
（5）根据构词法猜测词意
在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。例如： 前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等。后缀- ment表名词，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument等。后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如calculate/ calculator; visit/ visitor; law/ lawyer; wait/waiter; science/ scientist; art/ artist等。
（6）通过同义词和同义关系猜测词义
在文章中有时作者为了避免重复，或为了表达同一事物的不同种类，使用同义词或近义词。在这种情况下，我们就可以利用同义词、近义词的关系从熟悉的词语推测不熟悉词语的含义。
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay,即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是“愉快”的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中所使用的同义词。
Man has known something about the planets Venus, Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.
（7）通过反义词和反义关系猜测词义
有时作者为了说明相反的两件事或两个人，使用了一些反义词或表示反义关系的词语来进行对比，我们可以利用已知单词推断未知单词的词义。
通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but,while,however等，二是看含not的习语或表示否定意义的词语。
（8）通过举例来猜测词义
Bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.
（9）通过描述猜测词义
描述即作者为帮助读者更深刻，更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。
The penguin is a kind of seabird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly, it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.
（10）根据单词的发音进行推测
英语中有些单词来自汉语，与汉语发音有些相似，另外也有一些单词译成汉语时采用音译，如：sofa,coffee,typhoon,aspirin,nylon
（三）推理判断
考查逻辑推理能力、语言分析能力和综合归纳能力。
下面哪些方式属于推理判断题？
1.We can infer(推断) from the story that____
2.What’s the passage mainly about
3.It can be inferred from the passage that
4.According to the story, what would happen next
5.The first paragraph tells us that _______
6.What can we learn from the passage
一、阅读理解考查题型
1.考查事实细节：
2.猜测生词含义：
3.推理判断：
4.归纳主旨大意：
5.推测作者的态度、意图和目的：
（一）事实性细节题
对时间、地点、特征、方式、数字等的寻找
对原因、结果、事实的正确理解
常用提问方式：
1. According to the passage, who (what, why, where, when，how many/much, how long)….
2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is (not) true
通常是特殊疑问句或判断句子正误
1.He / she should have an interest in making pizza. More importantly, he/ she should have work experience in a restaurant.
The ad tells us that____
A. The assistant must be a man.
B. The assistant must have once worked in a restaurant.
C. Pucci pizza has branches all over China.
事实理解题解题技巧：
事实细节题一般在:
1文中有原句；
2找相关信息进行比对;
3找近义词或同义句;
4进行简单数学计算;
在读文章时把这些信息划下来
（二） 猜测词义
词汇题是询问文章中出现的某个词、词组或
句子含义的题型。
常见的提问方式有：
1) The word ….. refers to _____
2) The underlined ….. probably means ____________
1、根据定义、释义
常用的：be, be called, mean，that is(to say)，in other words，call, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify等词汇或破折号或定语从句等来表示。
Well, I’ve relearned it. I hope I have time left to enjoy the successes of others and to take pleasure in the day. That’s the heart of the watermelon.
“the heart of the watermelon” refers to__.
A. the best part of the watermelon.
B. the writer’s busy life
C. the writer’s decision of making money.
D. the writer’s hope of enjoying life.
2、根据上下文情景和逻辑进行判断
As they go around town, they help people. When they find lost children, they take the children home. If they see a fight, they put an end to it right away.
They know all the streets and roads well.
Often people ask them how to get to a place in town.
In the text, “put an end to” means __
A. stop B. cut C. kill D. Fly
3、根据关联词来猜测
表示因果关系的：because, as, since, for, so, as a result…
表示同义关系的：and, like, just as…the same as….
表示反义关系的：but, however, though, although, yet, instead (of)
There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand.
What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese _____
A. 自来水 B. 大气 C. 冰川 D. 蒸汽
1.I could see nothing because the light was so (faint.)
2.Tom is very rude, but his brother is quite (polite.)
3. She is beautiful, and her daughter is as (pretty )as her.
演练1
A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful.
It gives us some interesting phrases .
One is “to let the cat out of the bag.” It is the same as “to tell a secret”
Now when someone lets out a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.”
Q:John lets the cat out of the bag” means he
A. makes everyone know a secret.
B. the woman bout a cat.
C. buys a cat in the bag.
D. sells the cat in the bag.`
实战演练2
If you want to be a musician, you usually have to move to an area that has a lot of jobs, such as New York City. The cost of living in these areas is usually very high. The third disadvantage is that you can’t have a stable family life. Different jobs will take a musician to different places, so most musicians are unable to have a regular family.
What does the underlined word “stable” mean in Chinese ________
A. 幸福的 B. 稳定的 C. 健康的
（4）根据生活经验及普通常识猜词
1)China is our motherland.
2)Kangaroo mothers have pouches to carry their babies.
3)It's really cold outside, and my hands are both numb.
Exercises: Guess the meaning of the new words quickly.
a.Wealthy means having lots of money.
b.Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to your health.
c. My mother-in-law, my husband’s mother, was a teacher. The boy had a happy family before. However, after the war, he became homeless.
d.You must stop dreaming and face reality.
（5）根据构词法猜测词意
在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。例如： 前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等。后缀- ment表名词，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument等。后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如calculate/ calculator; visit/ visitor; law/ lawyer; wait/waiter; science/ scientist; art/ artist等。
（6）通过同义词和同义关系猜测词义
在文章中有时作者为了避免重复，或为了表达同一事物的不同种类，使用同义词或近义词。在这种情况下，我们就可以利用同义词、近义词的关系从熟悉的词语推测不熟悉词语的含义。
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay,即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是“愉快”的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中所使用的同义词。
Man has known something about the planets Venus, Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.
（7）通过反义词和反义关系猜测词义
有时作者为了说明相反的两件事或两个人，使用了一些反义词或表示反义关系的词语来进行对比，我们可以利用已知单词推断未知单词的词义。
通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but,while,however等，二是看含not的习语或表示否定意义的词语。
（8）通过举例来猜测词义
Bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.
（9）通过描述猜测词义
描述即作者为帮助读者更深刻，更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。
The penguin is a kind of seabird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly, it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.
（10）根据单词的发音进行推测
英语中有些单词来自汉语，与汉语发音有些相似，另外也有一些单词译成汉语时采用音译，如：sofa,coffee,typhoon,aspirin,nylon
（三）推理判断
考查逻辑推理能力、语言分析能力和综合归纳能力。
下面哪些方式属于推理判断题？
1.We can infer(推断) from the story that____
2.What’s the passage mainly about
3.It can be inferred from the passage that
4.According to the story, what would happen next
5.The first paragraph tells us that _______
6.What can we learn from the passage
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