课件59张PPT。 第三部分 中招题型研究
题型六 书面表达
解题方法与技巧
话题剖析
话题1 写人叙事
话题2 发表观点
话题3 事物介绍
话题4 咨询建议【考情概览】
分析近六年河南中招真题可知，书面表达常见的类型分为三类：命题、半命题、无命题这三种形式。文体以记叙文为主，话题为写人叙事类、事物介绍类、发表观点类和咨询建议类（2008）。时态以一般现在时为主，词数均为80词左右。 书面表达能较全面地反映学生所掌握的语法知识、词汇知识、遣词造句和运用英语进行写作的水平。考查学生运用语言表达思想、传递信息、描述事物的能力，考查重点是表达的有效性，兼顾准确性。书面表达要遵循以下三条原则：解题方法与技巧（1）文章结构三段论，表明你懂得文章结构；
（2）字数以上限为准，证明你书写能力很强；
（3）书写要规范美观，表明你书写训练有素。
具体可分为以下四步：
一、认真审题，明确要求
审题时，根据所给信息，确定文体、时态、人
称，同时，细读所给提示信息，明确文章内
容。如2015年的题目为“I want to have_____ ”，让考生谈谈自己想拥有什么及想拥有它的理由及想法或感受，这就给写作对象限定了一个范围，要求考生围绕“想要的某物品”来展开。首先要补全标题，此外，描述物品时用第三人称it，谈自己的想法或感受时用第一人称，时态用一般现在时。 二、抓住要点，草拟提纲
通过审题，弄清文章的主题之后，学生应考虑文章的内容要点，组织语言材料。根据题目提示或说明，按事件发生的时间顺序或空间顺序或事理重要性顺序，先取那些典型的、易于表达的材料作为自己的要点，列出提纲。列提纲时应注意以下几点：
1.书写要规范。
2.遇到想不起来的词或句型时，可尽量找同义词、近义词或同义句来代替。 三、依纲据点，扩展成文
依据提纲写作，注意把题目要求的内容无一遗漏地写进去，确保内容的完整性。同时，对于与要求无关的内容切忌任意发挥，画蛇添足。学生应注意以下几点：
1.尽量运用最基本的词汇或句型，写自己最熟悉、最有把握的句子。 2.尽量多用简单句，少用复合句；多用短句，少用长句。注意语言要准确，符合英语习惯，尽量避免汉语式英语。
3.注意上下文的衔接。根据意思需要，句子之间可以加上必要的连词或过渡词，and, but, however, meanwhile, to begin with等常见连接词的使用，可以使文章结构紧凑、衔接自如。 四、通读全文，查漏补缺
短文写完之后，学生应从题目要求出发，对全文进行检查和修改。经过反复修改和润色，才能使文章句子流畅，布局严谨。对于文章的修饰，学生可从以下几方面着手： 1.用词方面：（1）代词的格和指代关系是否正确；（2）名词的单复数是否正确；（3）形容词的比较级和最高级是否正确；（4）副词的位置是否合适；（5）动词的搭配是否准确。
2.句子方面：（1）句型结构是否完整；（2）主谓人称是否一致；（3）时态、语态、语气是否正确；（4）连句的方法是否恰当。 3.段落方面：（1）段落主题句是否概括本段的中心思想；（2）扩展句是否都围绕这一主题，有无多余的句子；（3）句子之间是否连贯；（4）段落层次是否分明，是否合乎逻辑。
4.篇章方面：（1）文章主题是否合理自然；（2）段落之间过渡是否合理；（3）文章的文体及所用的组织方法是否恰当；（4）文章内容是否充实，有无遗漏。话题1 写人叙事 从河南近六年中招真题对写人叙事类书面表达的考查来看，命题方式多样化，考过半命题作文和命题作文，根据所给材料提示写一篇人物介绍，且以写人为主，一方面写自己身边的人或介绍自己；另一方面会介绍对学生有励志作用的名人，如2011年介绍中国达人秀人物刘伟的个人经历。命题探索 话题剖析详见本书第一部分七年级（上）Units 1-2,七年级（上）Units 3-4,八年级（下）Units 5。
【高级词汇及句型】
1. That is the reason why...那就是……的原因。
2. There’s no doubt that...毫无疑问，……。
3. It is +adj. +of /for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做某事是……。
4. There’s something wrong with sb./sth.某人/物出了毛病。积累与运用5. It’s time for sb. to do sth.某人做某事的时间到了。=It’s time to do sth.
6. Why don’t you do sth.?=Why not do sth.?为什么不能……？
7. What an unforgettable thing it is in my life!我生命中一件多么难忘的事情啊！
8. I will never forget the thing that...我永远不会忘记那件事情……。9. The person I love most is...我最爱的人是……。
10. Thank you for...谢谢你……。
11. I am deeply moved by the things that...我被……事情深深地感动。【仿写运用】
1. 他是一个平易近人的人，这就是他有许多朋友的原因。
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
2. 毫无疑问，自我出生以来父母给予了我许多。
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. 谢谢你为我做的一切。
__________________________________________________________________________________写作练兵话题2 发表观点 从河南近六年发表观点相关话题书面表达的命题来看，通常是要学生针对某一社会现象发表自己的观点，话题贴近学生生活，如2012年针对历史剧发表自己的观点。命题探索
1. 示例：From my point of view, to keep/keeping healthy is quite important.
仿写句：依我之见，你应该多和父母交流。
_________________________________________亮点句型速记2. 示例：As for me, it is very necessary for us to keep healthy.
仿写句：对你来说休个长假是很有必要的。
________________________________________3. 示例：I think the most important thing is that you should listen to your teachers carefully.
仿写句：经常听音乐有利于提高记忆力。
________________________________________开头句：
1. Every coin has two sides. I think we should look at the positive side instead of only focusing on its bad side.
2. In a word, children aren’t supposed to eat too much junk food. 3. The idea about whether to go to school by bike or not has been heatedly discussed.
4. There are different opinions among people as to how to know about history.
中间句：
1. It is dangerous to play with fire. For one thing，it may hurt you. For another, it may cause terrible accidents.2. It’s important to form a good habit. On the one hand, it helps us to study better; on the other hand, it can make us keep healthy.
3. On the contrary，there are some people hold the different view.
4. It is time to take measures to prevent environment from being polluted, for example we should try to take a bus instead of a car.5. However, everything has both its good and bad sides, and surfing the Internet also has its own advantages and disadvantages.
6. But some people don’t think it is a very good way to solve this problem.结尾句：
1. In my opinion, watching too much TV is bad for our study and eyes.
2. As far as I am concerned, love is very important in our daily life.
3. In my view, it is better for us to have more fruit and vegetables every day.
1. Some believe that... ，while others think that... 有些人相信……，而有些人认为……
2. There are two sides of opinion of it, one is... , the other is... 关于这点有两方面的看法，一是……，另一个是……高级词汇及句型3. As far as I am concerned/in my opinion (view）我认为……
4. From my point of view, I think... 在我看来……
5. The reason why... is that... ……的原因是……
6. For one thing, ... for another... 一方面，
……另一方面，……7. On one hand, ... On the other hand,....一方面，……另一方面，……
8. First, ... Second, ... Last but not least, ...首先，……其次，……最后但同样重要的是，……
9. From all what I said, I agree to the thought that...从所有我所说的来看，我同意……的看法10. In my view, I hold the point of view that... 在我看来，我支持……的观点
11. I am sure my opinion is both...and... 我相信我的观点既……又……
12. It is very important/ difficult/ useful/ exciting to do... 做……很重要/困难/有用/令人激动。 （2012河南）
目前有不少历史剧在电视上热播。有人通过看历史剧来了解历史，有人选择读史书来了解历史。你的选择及理由是什么？请你根据以下内容写一篇英语短文。典例剖析要求：1. 语言表达准确；短文连贯通顺；
2. 短文必须包括以上内容要点，可以适
当发挥；
3. 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称；
4. 80词左右。开头已给出，不计入总词
数。
Many historical plays have been on TV recently. _________________________________________【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示，可以提取以下信息：
1. 本篇作文为一篇议论文，写作内容包括：选择看历史剧的理由、选择读历史书的理由、自己的选择和理由。2. 本文讲的是人们平时了解历史的途径和理由，因此应以一般现在时为主，人称以第三人称为主，表达自己的观点用第一人称。
3. 80词左右，文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。【写作导图】【范文点评】 Many historical plays have been on TV recently. ①Some people like watching historical TV plays to know about history. They think they are interesting and easy to understand. Both the old and the young will have a lot of fun watching them. ①开门见山，提出第一个观点：看历
史剧 Many historical plays have been on TV recently. ①Some people like watching historical TV plays to know about history. They think they are interesting and easy to understand. Both the old and the young will have a lot of fun watching them. Many historical plays have been on TV recently. ①Some people like watching historical TV plays to know about history. They think they are interesting and easy to understand. Both the old and the young will have a lot of fun watching them. Many historical plays have been on TV recently. ①Some people like watching historical TV plays to know about history. They think they are interesting and easy to understand. Both the old and the young will have a lot of fun watching them. Many historical plays have been on TV recently. ①Some people like watching historical TV plays to know about history. They think they are interesting and easy to understand. Both the old and the young will have a lot of fun watching them. Many historical plays have been on TV recently. ①Some people like watching historical TV plays to know about history. They think they are interesting and easy to understand. Both the old and the young will have a lot of fun watching them. Many historical plays have been on TV recently. ①Some people like watching historical TV plays to know about history. They think they are interesting and easy to understand. Both the old and the young will have a lot of fun watching them. Many historical plays have been on TV recently. ①Some people like watching historical TV plays to know about history. They think they are interesting and easy to understand. Both the old and the young will have a lot of fun watching them. Many historical plays have been on TV recently. ①Some people like watching historical TV plays to know about history. They think they are interesting and easy to understand. Both the old and the young will have a lot of fun watching them. ②Some other people think another way to learn about history is to read books on history. They believe books can tell them the true stories. They can learn and think a lot from them while reading.
③I like watching historical TV plays because they make me relaxed and save me much time.②提出第二
个观点：读
历史书③表达自己
的观点：看
历史
剧话题3 事物介绍
从河南近六年对事物介绍类书面表达的考查来看，命题方式为半命题，且无任何材料提示，但是话题贴近学生生活，让学生有话可说。如2015年描述自己想拥有的事物，让学生充分发挥自己的想象力，阐述自己的想法。命题探索写作练兵
【高级词汇及句型】
1. ...has a positive influence/effect on people’s lives. ……对人们的生活有积极的影响。
2. ...is playing an increasingly important role in people’s lives. ……在人们生活中扮演着日益重要的角色。积累与运用3. In spite of the disadvantages, it has more
advantages/beneficial effects. 尽管有缺点，
但是更多的是优点。
4. ...is my favorite activity in my spare time. 在
我的闲暇时间，……是我最喜欢的活动。
5. ...can do many different things to make my life colorful. ……可以做很多不同的事情让我的生活丰富多彩。
6. With ..., I can draw a beautiful new world. 我可以用……画一个漂亮的新世界。7. For me, it’s interesting/funny to.... 对我而言，……是有趣的。
8. I am interested in ..., so I often do it when I am free. 我对……感兴趣，所以我经常在空闲时间做。【仿写运用】
1. 电脑在人们生活中扮演着日益重要的角色。
________________________________________________________________________________
2. 如果我有一支魔法笔，它就可以做很多不同的事情让我的生活丰富多彩。
_______________________________________________________________________________ （2015河南）
在每个人的心中，总会渴望拥有某样东西。你想要拥有什么？请以“I want to have ________”为题，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈你想拥有它的理由及你会有怎样的想法或感受。典例剖析要求：1. 请补全标题，如a football, a
mountain bike或a magic paintbrush等；
2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 词数80词左右。
I want to have ______ __________________________________________________________________________________【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示，提取以下信息：
1. 介绍我想拥有的足球、山地车或魔术画笔等，要介绍想拥有这种事物的理由、这种事物的作用以及你的想法。（建议考生选择自己最喜欢、最有意义的事物去描述，并且要有个人想法和感受，避免平铺直叙）。
2. 先要补全标题，以免在这项上失分。3. 本文介绍我想要拥有的事物，写作时用第一人称，其他人用第三人称。
4. 介绍想拥有这种事物的理由、想法和感受等，通常用一般将来时和一般现在时。
5. 词数80词左右，不得出现真实姓名和校名。【写作导图】【范文点评】I want to have a magic paintbrush
①I want to have a paintbrush with magic power. It can make whatever I draw become a reality.①开篇点题，写出我想要的事物，言简意赅。 With the paintbrush, ②I can draw a new earth. There will be no pollution on it. The river will be clean and the sky will be blue. With the paintbrush, ③I also want to draw a nice home where people can live happily together like a big family. ②理由1：用
这支神笔给我们勾勒出一个崭新的地球。
③理由2：用这支神笔画一个团结、和谐的大家庭。④I want to have the magic
paintbrush to draw a beautiful
new world.④总结，
写出感受。写作练兵话题4 咨询建议
河南近六年并没有对咨询建议类书面表达进行考查，仅在2008年考查过一次，文体为应用文（一封书信），让学生根据自身情况，写一封e-mail给班主任老师，话题贴近学生生活，且给出内容提示，让学生有话可说。命题探索
【高级词汇及句型】
1. There are ...good ways to solve the problem. 有……好方法来解决这个问题。
2. When you solve the problems, you should be as careful as possible. 当你解决问题时，你应该尽可能细心。积累与运用3. You can ask sb. for help when you are in
trouble. 当你有困难时，你应该向某人寻求
帮助。
4. It’s a better choice to.... ……是一个更好的
选择。
5. Why not do sth.?/Why don’t you...? 为什么
不……？
6. It is an important way to.... ……是一个重要的方法。
7. We should..., because....我们应该……，因为……。
8. If you follow these ways, I believe you are sure to ....如果你遵循这些方法，我相信你一定……。【仿写运用】
1. 多与父母沟通是一个更好的选择。
________________________________________________________________________________
2. 当你有问题时，为什么不向你的同学或老师寻求帮助呢？
_______________________________________3. 如果你遵循这些方法，我相信你一定能有更
好的生活。
________________________________________________________________________________写作练兵写作练兵
(2015 襄阳改编)做家务是家庭成员的义务。作为家庭成员之一，你一定做过不少力所能及的家务活。请根据提示写一篇英语短文讲述一次你做家务或学做家务的经历或故事，与大家一起分享。
要求：1. 语言表达准确，短文连贯通顺；
2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 80词左右。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【审题指导】认真阅读提示，提取信息：
1. 本题要求记叙一次做家务的经历，因此文章为记叙文；
2. 本文介绍的是自己的个人经历，因此文章必须有个人的感受等信息；
3. 本文描述的是自己的亲身经历，因此写作时主要人称为第一人称；
4. 回忆事件通常用一般过去时，抒发个人情感及感悟用一般现在时；
5. 词数80词左右，不得出现真实姓名、校名。
【写作指导】
一次做家务的经历
要点提示
素材串联
开头：引出事件
我因忙于学习很少做家务(do housework)
正文：描述事件的过程
1. 收拾好所有的书籍，报纸和其他东西(put them in place)
2. 擦拭了所有的家具(wiped the dust)
3. 打扫地面(swept and mopped the floors)
4. 父母回来后很惊讶(surprised to see)
结尾：抒发对此事的感受
尽管很累，但是很高兴(tired, happy)
【高分范文】
I’m a 15-year-old middle school student. Though I don’t reject to do housework, I have been busy with my study and seldom helped my parents with the housework.
Last Sunday, when my parents went out shopping, I collected all the books, newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place. Then I wiped the dust off all the furniture. After that, I swept and mopped the floors.
Just at that moment, my parents came back and were quite surprised to see all the rooms tidy and floors shining. My mother gave me a hug and I could see satisfaction in her eyes. I was tired but I never felt so happy.
话题1 写人叙事(2014、2013、2011年考查)
Passage 1(2015云南改编)
在你的成长过程中，一定有人陪伴你、帮助你、影响你、感动你，让你能够健康快乐地成长，请以“Growing up with________”为题，用英语写一篇短文。
要求：1. 请补全标题，如：my mother，my best friend或father等；
2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 80词左右。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示，提取以下信息：
1. 本文是一篇回忆往事的作文，属于记叙文。记述过去在生活中帮助你、影响你、感动你最深的一个人以及你们之间发生的事；
2. 回忆过去的事要用一般过去时，人称用第一、三人称，阐述自身观点时用一般现在时；
3. 词数为80词左右。
【写作指导】
父亲伴我成长
要点提示
素材串联
开头：引出事件
1. 爱我(love me)
2. 尽力帮我(try one's best to help me)
正文：讲述爸爸怎样爱我，帮助我的过程。
1. 小学(primary school)
2. 在……的路上(on the way to)
3. 日复一日(day by day)
4. ……的重要性(the importance of)
结尾：总结
1. 无论什么(no matter what)
2. 长大(grow up)
【高分范文】
Growing up with my father
My father always loves me and tries his best to help me. When I was seven years old, I started my primary school. I had to get up early and did homework every day. I was so tired that I didn’t like to go to school. Then my father told me a lot of stories on my way to school, and helped me to plan my time. Day by day, I knew the importance of learning, and became interested in reading books.
No matter what difficulties I meet，my father is by my side. I am sure I will grow up better with my father.
写作练兵
(2015青岛改编)现在，很多中学生被近视困扰，请就此现象写一篇短文谈谈你的看法。
内容包括：1. 造成近视的原因；
2. 近视对学习或生活的影响；
3. 你认为应该如何保护视力？(至少两条建议)
要求：1. 语言表达准确，短文连贯通顺；
2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Quite a lot of students have become nearsighted now.
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【审题指导】细读所给提示，提取以下信息：
1. 以“学生患近视”为话题，写一篇关于近视的记叙文；
2. 内容包括近视的原因，对人的影响以及自己提出的保护视力的方法或建议；
3. 描述现象时，时态为一般现在时；
4. 词数：80左右，文中不得出现真实的校名与人名。
【写作指导】
中学生近视
要点提示
素材串联
开头：提出问题
相当多的学生近视(have become near sighted)
正文： 分析原因，描述影响，提出建议。
1. 近视产生的原因(学习时习惯不好)(a good habit, study)
2. 近视对学习或生活的影响：(1)没有眼镜上课不能记笔记(at home, take notes，in class)
(2)游泳时戴着眼镜不方便(feel uncomfortable，swim with glasses)
3. 建议保护视力的办法：
(1)不要长时间看书，不休息(on the one hand, shouldn’t study for hours，need to relax)
(2)多进行体育活动，做眼保健操(on the other hand, have sports, do eye exercises, helpful)
结尾：提出倡议，保护眼睛。
拥有好的视力很重要，保护好眼睛(very important，have good eyesight，take good care of)
【高分范文】
Quite_a_lot_of_students_have_become_nearsighted_now. I think the main reason is that students don’t have a good habit while studying. Bad eyesight brings trouble to our life and study. For example, if we leave our glasses at home, we can’t take notes in class. We will feel uncomfortable when we swim with glasses. Here is my advice: on the one hand, teenagers shouldn’t study for hours without breaks because our eyes need to relax. On the other hand, having sports and doing eye exercises are also helpful. It’s very important to have good eyesight. So let’s take good care of our eyes.
话题2 发表观点（2012年考查）
Passage 2(2015商丘模拟)
近几年，中学生出国求学已经成为一种新的“时尚”，大家对此褒贬不一，请你写一篇英语短文，并发表自己的看法，内容包含支持者与反对者的观点。
要求：1. 语言表达准确，短文连贯通顺；
2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 80词左右。
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【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示，提取以下信息：
1. 要求写人们对出国求学的看法，因此写作文体为议论文；
2. 描述支持者和反对者的观点时用第三人称，阐述自己的观点时用第一人称，时态用一般现在时；
3. 词数在80词左右，不得出现真实姓名、校名。
【写作指导】
出国求学引热议
要点提示
素材串联
开头：引出论点
越来越多的中学生选择出国求学(go abroad)
正文
支持者的观点
1.可以更好地学习外语，了解外国文化，开阔眼界(learn foreign language; know foreign culture; open their mind)
2．培养自理能力和交往的能力(the ability of independence and communication)
反对者的观点
1. 不利于中学生的身心发展(be bad for; development)
2. 一些中学生为了逃避压力而出国留学(pressure)
3. 部分留学生给外国人留下了不好的印象(bad impression)
结尾：抒发自己的观点
1. 出国留学好与坏取决于个人(depend on the individual)
2. 出国要三思(take more factors into consideration)
【高分范文】
Recently, more and more middle school students choose to go abroad to study. People have different ideas about this.
Some people say that studying abroad can make students learn foreign languages, know foreign culture and open their mind. Also, it can develop their abilities of independence and communication with others.
But others think studying abroad too early is bad for students’ development of body and mind. Some students do it just because of too much pressure. At the same time, some leave bad impression on foreigners.
Therefore, whether it is good or not to study abroad depends on the individual. So take more factors into consideration.
写作练兵
(2015安徽)假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter来信询问汉语中一些流行的网络语言的意思，请根据下列提示回一封电子邮件。
●点赞(Dianzan)：赞同、喜爱
●任性(Renxing)：随心所欲
●秒杀(Miaosha)：快速达到目的
●土豪(Tuhao)：很富有
●……
注意： 1. 词数80～100；
2. 请不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥；
3. 文中不能出现真实的校名和人名；
4. 邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Peter，
As the Internet is developing fast, more and more new words and phrases have been created in Chinese. Here are some examples.
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All the best!
Yours，
Li Hua
【审题指导】细读所给文字提示，提取以下信息：
1. 从四个方面介绍网络流行语及其所包含的意思，可以适当拓展，文体以说明文为主；
2. 介绍客观事实时和举例子时，时态以一般现在时为主；人称以第二人称和第三人称为主；
3. 注意：词数为80～100，不要逐句翻译要点，文中不能出现真实校名和人名。
【写作指导】
网络流行语
要点提示
素材串联
开头：引出话题
随着网络的发展，汉语中越来越多的流行语被创造出来(more and more new words)
正文：介绍网络流行语及其含义
1. 点赞(Dianzan)：赞同、喜爱(agree, like)
2. 任性(Renxing)：随心所欲(do whatever they like)
3. 秒杀(Miaosha)：快速达到目的(achieve your purpose quickly)
4. 土豪(Tuhao)：很富有(rich)
结尾：进行总结
保持学习(keep learning)，了解更多语言和文化(learn/know more)
【高分范文】
Dear Peter,
As the Internet is developing fast, more and more new words and phrases have been created in Chinese. Here are some examples.
One of the most popular words is Dianzan, which is often used when you quite agree with someone. Another example is Renxing. When you say somebody is Renxing, you mean that they will do whatever they like. The phrase Miaosha first came from online shopping, which means you can complete your shopping orders before others. But now it’s widely used when you achieve your purpose in a very short time. If you describe somebody as a Tuhao, you mean that he is very rich.
You can find lots of such new Chinese words. Keep learning, and you'll know more about our language and culture.
All_the_best!
Yours，
Li_Hua
话题3 事物介绍 (2015、2010年考查)
Passage 1 (2015上海改编)
以“I want to invent ________”为题，写一篇80词左右的短文。(注意短文中不得出现任何真实的人名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分)
要求：1. 请补全标题，如：a car，a machine或a fan等；
2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 80词左右。
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【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示，提取以下信息：
1. 先将标题补充完整，介绍我想要发明的事物是什么，要写出发明的可能性和发明原因以及发明事物的功能等。(建议学生选择梦想中的一个事物来介绍)；
2. 本文介绍想要发明的事物，写作时以第一人称和第三人称为主；介绍想要发明的事物，通常用一般现在时，介绍对这种发明的希望用一般将来时；
3. 词数在80词左右，不得出现任何真实的人名、校名及其他相关信息。
【写作指导】
我想要发明一种机器
要点提示
素材串联
开头：引出事件
我想要发明一种能穿越时间和太空的机器。(I want to invent)
正文：介绍发明的事物
1. 我认为它非常有趣并且有可能(interesting and possible)
2. 它可以用于了解宇宙是怎么形成的(be used to)
3. 对探索人类奥秘也是必要的(be necessary to)
结尾：表达期望
我希望能通过我努力去实现它。(come true)
【高分范文】
I want to invent a machine
I wants to invent a machine which can cross the time and space. I think it is very interesting and possible. Because Einstein ever said, “If you can faster than light, you will cross the time and space.” I love this machine, because it can be used to know about how the universe came into being. It will be necessary to explore the secret of human. Although it sounds like a crazy mind, I hope I will make it come true through my effort.
写作练兵
(2015乐山)近几年，越来越多的中国人出国旅游，他们中的一些不文明行为引起了人们的极大关注。调查显示，中国游客位列世界第二不受欢迎的人。为此，请你根据以下要点，给校报英语专栏写一篇短文，并提出你的建议，呼吁人们文明出行。
1. 不高声喧哗；
2. 排队候车或就餐；
3. 不随地吐痰或乱扔垃圾；
4. 不乱涂乱画。
注意：1. 词数：80 词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数；
2. 应覆盖所有要点，可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
3. 参考词汇：spit v. 吐痰；behavior n. 行为。
With more and more Chinese people traveling abroad, their bad behaviors have become a hot topic. A recent US survey showed Chinese were the second worst tourists. How can we be a good tourist? Here are some tips for you.
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【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示，提取以下信息：
1. 本文就“文明出行”这一话题发表看法，属于议论文；
2. 写作内容要包括：对不文明现象的描写、提出呼吁、给出行为建议等，应涵盖给出的所有要点；
3. 文章是写社会现象，要用一般现在时态；
4. 文章在表述作者观点时用第一人称，描写社会现象时用第三人称；
5. 80词左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数。
【写作指导】
文明出行
要点提示
素材串联
开头：点明主题
中国人出境旅游中的不文明现象引起社会极大关注(travel abroad)
正文：给出建议
1. 不高声喧哗(keep voice down)
2. 排队候车或就餐(wait in line for, take a bus, have dinner )
3. 不随地吐痰或乱扔垃圾(drop litter)
4. 不乱涂乱画(write or draw pictures)
结尾：呼吁
1. 尊重当地文化(respect local customs)
2. 保护环境(take care of the environment)
【高分范文】
With more and more Chinese people traveling abroad, their bad behaviors have become a hot topic. A recent US survey showed Chinese were the second worst tourists. How can we be a good tourist? Here are some tips for you.
First, we should keep our voice down while talking with friends in public. Please wait in line if we want to take a bus or have dinner. Also, don’t spit or drop litter whenever we want. Finally, it’s really a bad behavior to write or draw pictures on famous buildings.
As a middle school student, I think we should pay attention to our behavior, saying no to those bad habits. While enjoying ourselves, we should not only respect local customs, but also take care of the environment.
话题4 咨询建议
(2015威海改编)
初中三年的学习生活将要结束了， 想必你有很多话想对你的学弟学妹们说。假如你是张扬， 请你给学校英语广播站写一封致学弟学妹们的公开信。内容可以结合你在学习时间、方法， 师生相处， 遵规守纪， 学习与兴趣爱好关系的处理等方面的经验， 给他们提出合理的建议， 并祝福他们。
要求： 1. 语言表达准确，短文连贯通顺；
2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 80词左右。
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【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示，提取信息：
1. 要求写一封公开信，因此文章为应用文，内容可以包括在学习时间、方法，师生相处，遵规守纪，学习与兴趣爱好关系的处理等方面的经验，可以就某一方面或几方面内容描述，不必面面俱到；
2. 根据自己的经验，提出合理的建议，并要有祝福语；
3. 本文是介绍自己在学校生活的经验，写作时用第一人称；
4. 本文描述学习生活的注意事项，通常用一般现在时；
5. 词数： 80词左右，不得出现真实的姓名、校名。
【写作指导】
一封致同学们的公开信
要点提示
素材串联
开头：礼貌用语并引出话题
毕业在即，想分享学校生活的经验(graduate from, at the moment, would like to share, experience )
正文：具体介绍经验及建议
1. 遵规守纪：校规使学校保持良好秩序(lots of rules, keep ... in good order)
2. 师生相处：良好的师生关系能提高学习，有必要和别人相处好(good relationship, improve, it’s necessary, get on well with)
3. 不要浪费时间(waste time)
4. 先学习，后做喜欢的事情(study comes first，then...)
结尾：送上祝福语
1. 希望有所帮助(be helpful to)
2. 祝你成功(wish you success)
【高分范文】
Dear schoolmates，
How time flies! I'm graduating from our school. At the moment, I would like to share my experience of school life with you.
Firstly, our school has a lot of rules so that they can keep our school life in good order. Next，a good relationship with teachers and students can help you improve your study. So it’s necessary for you to get on well with teachers and classmates. Thirdly, every minute counts. Try not to waste time, because we can’t call yesterday back. Finally, everyone has hobbies. But I think study must come first, then we can do what we are interested in.
I hope it can be helpful to you. Wish you success.
Yours truly，
Zhang Yang
