Module 12 Save our world Unit 3
语法精讲细练
构词法
【语法感悟】
1.虽然现在污染很严重,但我认为并不是没有希望了。
Though pollution is heavy now, I don’t think it’s hopeless.
2.我们都需要一个健康的环境,但我们每天都会制造垃圾,这对我们的环境是有害的。
We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day, and it is harmful to our environment.
3.每天重复这三个单词:减少、重复利用和回收利用。
Repeat these three words daily: reduce, reuse and recycle.
【语法解读】
一、概述
构词法是利用词形变化的规律来构成词汇的方法。英语的构词法主要有三种:合成法、派生法和转化法。
二、合成法
合成法是将两个或两个以上的词结合构成一个词,包括形容词、名词、动词和副词等。
1.合成形容词:warm-hearted, hard-working, peace-loving等。
2.合成名词:blackboard, website, classroom等。
3.合成动词:overcome, download等。
4.合成副词:everywhere, downstairs等。
三、派生法
在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词,这种构词法叫派生法。加在单词前面的词缀叫前缀,加在单词后面的词缀叫后缀。
1.常见前缀
en-(使……处于某种状态) enable使能够
un-(不,非;表示否定) unhappy不快乐的
dis-(不,非;表示否定) disagree不同意
inter-(相互,在……之间) interview面试,采访
mis-(错误地) misunderstand误解
re-(再,重复) retell复述
tele-(远的) television电视
2.常见后缀
-or/-er (从事某种职业的人,名词后缀) actor演员 singer歌手
-ful(充满……的,形容词后缀) successful成功的
-tion(表动作、状态,名词后缀) celebration庆祝
-less(没有、无,形容词后缀) homeless无家可归的
-y(表性质,形容词后缀) healthy健康的 windy有风的
-ing(形容词后缀) interesting有趣的 relaxing使人放松的
-al(……的,形容词后缀) traditional传统的 natural自然的
-able(能……的,形容词后缀) comfortable舒适的 enjoyable令人快乐的
-ed(形容词后缀) surprised吃惊的 excited兴奋的
-ly(以某种方式,副词后缀) quickly快速地 happily快乐地
四、转化法
把一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性,这种构词法叫转化法。
1.名词转化为动词
show n.展览,展示→ show v.表演,展出 water n.水 → water v.浇水
2.形容词转化为动词
slow adj.慢的→slow v.(使)放慢速度
3.动词转化为名词
walk v.散步,走→walk n.散步
look v.看→look n.看
4.形容词转化为名词
black adj.黑色的→black n.黑色
light adj.明亮的→light n.光线
5.副词转化为形容词
hard adv.努力地→hard adj.困难的
【语法精练】
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.—Let’s cross the road quickly.
—We’d better not.It’s a red light.It’s dangerous (danger).
2.My father finally (final) stopped smoking.
3.(2023·盘锦中考)Alexander Bell was the inventor(invent) of the telephone.
4.(2023·威海中考)Beijing Opera is our valuable(value) art treasure.
5.They hoped to see the problem solved peacefully (peaceful).
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.(2023·盘锦中考改编)众所周知,吸烟对我们的健康有害。
As we all know, smoking is bad for/is harmful to our health.
2.(2023·威海中考改编)许多外国人觉得用筷子吃饭很有趣。
Many foreigners find it interesting to use chopsticks to eat.
3.粗心的驾驶员对于公众是一种危险。
A careless driver is a danger to the public.
4.在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是不可能的。
It was impossible to finish the work in such a short time.
5.(2023·上海二模)当你在网上冲浪时,要小心不要泄露你的个人信息。
When you surf online, be careful not to give away your personal information.
写作素养进阶
主题分析——指明方向
主题:本模块写作属于“人与自然”主题范畴中的“环境保护”,涉及子主题“环境污染及原因,环保意识和行为”
内容:环境保护,包括现状、环保措施以及个人建议
要求:能够利用本模块知识描述环境污染的现状,分析其原因,并提出保护环境的措施,呼吁人们增强环保意识。
典例研磨——示范引领
为响应我市全面创建国家卫生城市的号召,某校开展了以“绿色城市,健康生活”为主题的英语征文活动。请你以“The green city, the healthy life”为题,写一篇100词左右的英语短文。
Step 1 三定审题
1.定人称:以第一人称为主
2.定时态:以一般现在时为主
3.定核心:重点阐述环保措施
Step 2 谋篇布局
Step 3 遣词造句
推敲词汇:
1.以便 so that
2.过健康的生活 live a healthy life
3.首先 first of all
4.减少空气污染 reduce air pollution
5.骑自行车 ride a bike/bikes
6.把……分成…… divide...into...
7.最好做某事 had better do sth.
8.保护自然环境 protect the natural environment
9.尽某人最大努力 try one’s best
10.总之 in a word
基础句式:
1.作为这座城市的居民,帮助建设绿色城市,过上健康的生活是我们的责任。
As people of this city, it’s our duty to help build a green city to live a healthy life.
2.我们可以通过骑自行车减少空气污染。
We can reduce air pollution by riding bikes.
3.我们最好把垃圾分成要扔掉的和要回收的。
It’s better for us to divide waste into things to throw away and things to recycle.
4.我可以通过缩短淋浴时间来节约用水。
I can save water by taking shorter showers.
5.当我离开房间时,我可以通过关灯来节省能源。
I can save energy by turning off the lights when I leave the room.
6.每个人都可以做些事情来发挥作用。
Everyone can do something to make a difference.
升级句式:
1.将基础句式1用so that升级。
As people of this city, it’s our duty to help build a green city so that we can live a healthy life.
2.将基础句式2和3用first of all和also连接。
First of all, we can reduce air pollution by riding bikes.Also, it’s better for us to divide waste into things to throw away and things to recycle.
3.将基础句式4和5用firstly和secondly合并。
Firstly, I can save water by taking shorter showers.Secondly, I can save energy by turning off the lights when I leave the room.
Step 4 润色成篇
The green city,the healthy life As people of this city,it’s our duty to help build a green city so that we can live a healthy life.① How can we make our city greener First of all, we can reduce air pollution by riding bikes.② Also, it’s better for us to divide waste into things to throw away and things to recycle.② In this way, we can keep our city clean. As for me, I’ll try my best to make our city cleaner and more beautiful.③ Firstly, I can save water by taking shorter showers.Secondly, I can save energy by turning off the lights when I leave the room. In a word, everyone can do something to make a difference.④ ①开篇点题。总述建设绿色城市是我们的责任。 ②描述保护环境的具体措施。 ③巧用As for me,...表达个人观点。 ④In a word,...收篇结尾,呼吁人们为保护环境共同努力,并表达期望。
实战写作——迁移创新
地球是人类唯一的家园,保护地球环境就是保护人类的生存家园。请你围绕环境保护这一主题,谈一谈你的家乡存在什么环境问题,你作为一名中学生应该如何保护环境,列举出至少3项来说明。
要求:1.语句通顺,意思连贯,书写规范;
2.词数:100左右。
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【参考范文】
As we know, the environment around us is getting worse and worse. In my hometown, some chemical factories always pour waste water into the river. And they also produce terrible gas. So I think we must do something to protect the environment.
How to protect the environment First, as a student, we should use cloth bags instead of plastic bags when we go shopping. Second, we had better reuse the old textbooks as possible as we can. Third, we should never forget to turn off the lights when we leave the classroom.
In a word, we must try our best to protect our environment. I believe we can make the world a better place to live in.
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