2024-2025学年上教版（2020）高一英语暑假预习学案 （原卷版+答案版）

2024-2025学年上教版（2020）高一英语暑假预习 学案
Unit 1 Our world
词汇部分：
1. digital adj.数字信息系统的；数码的；数字式的
2. typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；不出所料的；特有的
3. event n.发生的事情；（尤指）重要的事情，大
4. onto (与动词连用，表示朝某处或某位置运动)向，朝
5. midnight n. 子夜，午夜
6. routine n. 常规，正常顺序
7. scene n. 场面；片段，镜头
8. earn. v. 挣得，赚得，挣钱
9. death n. 死亡，死
10. button n. 扣子；纽扣
11. type n.类型；种类
12. unique adj. 独特的；唯一的
13. respond adj. 反应
14. select v. 挑选；选择
15. organization n. 组织；机构；团体
16. goal n. 目标，目的
17. partner. n. 搭档，同伴；配偶；v. 结成伙伴
18. improve v. (使)改进，（使）改善；
19. currently adv. 当前，现在；
20. schedule n. 工作计划，日程安排
21. conference n. 会议
22. quality n. 质量；品质
23. deliver n. 给与，递送
24. inspire v. 鼓励；鼓舞
25. tip n. 指点，实用的提示
26. acquire v. 获得；习得
27. challenge n. 挑战 v. 向…发起挑战
28. volunteer n.志愿者，义务工作者；
v. 自愿做，义务做
29. location n. 地方，地点，位置
30. length n. 长度，（持续）时间的长短
31. electricity n. 电
32. material n. (某一活动所需的)材料
33. senior adj. 年长的；高级的；n. 较年长的人
34. junior adj. 初级的；
35. freedom. n. (权利或状态)自由
36. dorm n. 集体宿舍；学生宿舍
37. aspect n.方面；层面
38. exploration n. 探究，研究；探测
39. edit v. 编辑，校订(文章、书籍等)
40. particular adj. 专指的；特指的
41. element n. 元素，要素
42. behavior n. 行为
43. related adj.相关的；有联系的
44. lantern n.灯笼
45. tradition n.传统
46. reflect v.显示，表明，表达
47. attitude n.态度；看法
48. respect n.尊重
49. description n.描述
短语部分：
50. video clip 视频片段；视频剪辑
51. time capsule 时间文物贮藏器（收藏具有时代特征的物品）；时间胶囊
52. in all 总共
53. hula hoop 呼啦圈
54. well off 富有的；富裕的
55. be keen on 喜爱，对……着迷；有兴趣
56. paper towel 厚纸巾
57. be ashamed of 为……感到羞愧
58. on behalf of 代表……
59. refer to 描述；涉及；与……相关
60. Chinese knot 中国结
61. dragon boat 龙舟；龙船
课文部分：
Life in a day
What do you love What do you fear What’s in your pocket These are the questions from the film Life in a Day. Director Kevin Macdonald asked people around the world to answer the questions and send in a video clip from a typical day. He was interested in creating a picture of the world, a digital time capsule for the future. On 24 July 2010, people from Africa, Europe, America, Antarctica and Asia recorded events on their mobile phones and digital cameras and uploaded them onto the Internet. In all there were 81,000 video clips. It took Macdonald and a team of researchers seven weeks to make them into a film.
【参考译文】
你喜欢什么 你害怕什么 在你的口袋里是什么 这些问题来自电影《一天的生活》。导演凯文·麦克唐纳要求世界各地的人们回答这些问题，并发送一条有代表性一天的视频片段。他对创造一幅世界图景感兴趣，一个未来的数字时间胶囊。2010年7月24日，来自非洲、欧洲、美洲、南极洲和亚洲的人们用手机和数码相机记录下日常琐事并上传到互联网上。总共有81000个视频片段。麦克唐纳和一组研究人员花了7周的时间将其拍成电影。
The film starts at midnight. The moon is high in the sky, elephants are washing themselves in a river in Africa and a baby is sleeping. At the same time, in other parts of the world, people are getting up, brushing their teeth and making breakfast. In the next minutes of the one-and-a-half-hour-long film, we watch everyday routines from more than 140 different countries and see the connections between them. In one short scene an American girl is playing with her hula hoop. In another, a child is working at a shoeshine stand in Peru. One looks well off, the other is poor, but then the shoeshine boy shows us his favorite thing—his notebook computer. He’s very proud of it because he earned the money to pay for it.
参考译文：
电影于午夜开始。月亮高高地挂在天空中，大象在非洲的一条河里洗澡，一个婴儿在睡觉。与此同时，在世界的其他地方，人们起床，刷牙，做早餐。在这部长达一个半小时的影片中，接下来的几分钟，我们将看到来自140多个国家的人们的日常生活，以及它们之间的联系。在一个简短的场景中，一个美国女孩正在玩她的呼啦圈。在另一幅画中，秘鲁的一个小孩在擦鞋摊工作。一个看起来很富裕，另一个很穷，但是后来擦鞋童向我们展示了他最喜欢的东西——他的笔记本电脑。他很自豪，因为是他自己挣钱买来的。
“We all care about the same things,” says the director and in some ways he’s right. Family and friends are the things most people love and many of them are keen on sports, like football. But then one man says he loves his cat and another loves his fridge because it doesn’t talk back!
参考译文:
“我们都关心同样的事情，”导演说，在某些方面他是对的。家人和朋友是大多数人所喜欢的，他们中的许多人热衷于运动，比如足球。但是，一个人说他爱他的猫，另一个人说他爱他的冰箱，因为它不会顶嘴!
Monsters, dogs and death are the things most people fear. （该句为定语从句，省略了作为宾语成分的关系代词that）One young girl is worried about growing up and a man in Antarctica says, “I’m afraid of losing this place.” But when asked, “What’s in your pocket ”, the answers are surprising. We don’t see an ID card, a shopping list, or a bus ticket. Instead, one person has a paper towel, and another shows us a button. A poor man says he has nothing. He’s not ashamed of his poverty—he’s simply happy to be alive.
参考译文：
怪物、狗和死亡是大多数人害怕的东西。一个年轻的女孩担心长大，一个在南极洲的男人说:“我害怕失去这个地方。但是当被问到“你口袋里有什么 ”，答案令人惊讶。我们看不到身份证、购物清单或公交车票。相反，一个人拿着纸巾，另一个人给我们看一枚纽扣。穷人说他一无所有。他并不为自己的贫穷感到羞耻——他仅因为能活着就感到高兴了。
The film ends just before midnight, with a young woman in her car. It’s raining outside and she’s recording a short clip on her phone. “I just want people to know that I’m here,” she says. In other words, she wants to show that her life matters（mattter是高中阶段常考的几个不及物动词之一，翻译成“有关系；重要”）.
参考译文：
电影在午夜前结束，一个年轻的女人在她的车里。外面下着雨，她正在用手机录一段短片。“我只是想让人们知道我在这里，”她说。换句话说，她想表明她的生命很重要。
Even though their lives are very different, the people in Life in a Day have one thing in common: each of them is able to find meaning and happiness, no matter what his or her life is like（该句为no matter引导的让步状语从句，此处no matter what可以将其替换为 whatever，翻译时注意把后句提前翻译。）.
参考译文：
即使他们的生活是非常不同的，人们在一天的生活中有一个共同点:他们每个人都能找到意义和幸福，无论他或她的生活是什么样子。
【课堂练习】
I. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases from the box below. Change the form where necessary.
A. volunteer B. routine C. particular D. inspire E. challenge F. scene G. reflect H. acquire I. typical J. unique K. domestic
1. The carvings represent a hunting .
这些雕刻作品描绘了一幅狩猎的场面。
2. The new government's first is the economy.
新政府面临的第一项挑战是经济。
3. The ocean would more heat and light.
海洋会反射更多的光和热。
4. Ted was very about the colours he used.
特德对于他使用的颜色是非常挑剔的。
5. Aunt Mary to clean up the kitchen.
玛丽姨妈主动要求打扫厨房。
6. Administrative personnel should also some technical skills.
管理人员也应该学几门手艺。
7. The window had been replaced last week during maintenance.
那窗在上星期的例行检修中已被换掉了。
8. This success will me to greater efforts.
这次成功大大地鼓励了我下次更加努力。
9. This painting is a work of Rembrandt(伦勃朗).
这幅画是一幅典型的伦勃朗作品。
10. Mary is a very interesting person who has her interpretation of life.
玛丽是一个非常有趣的人，她对生活有着独特的理解。
答案：1-5：scene; challenge; reflect; particular; volunteered
6-10: acquire; routine; inspire; typical; unique
II.Fill in the blanks with the phrases from the box below.
well off; be keen on; be ashamed of; in all ; on behalf of ; refer to
1.They would never ___________ that matter again.
2. You should ______________ yourself for telling such lies.
3. In addition, a hero must be optimistic and diligent and__________ his hard work.
4. It won't be long before the Chinese people will become _______________.
5. Please allow me to thank you for your offer of help ________________my colleagues.
答案：1.refer to 2.be ashamed of 3. be keen on 4. well off 5.on behalf of
Grammar
现在进行时的被动语态
现在进行时的被动语态由“be being＋及物动词的过去分词”构成, 助动词be有人称和数的变化(am, is are ).
表示此刻正在进行的被动动作。
The project is being discussed at the meeting.
A new film is being shown in the theater.
My house is being painted now.
表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作，但此动作不一定在此时此刻发生。
Many interesting experiences are being carried out these days.
A modern school is being built in our hometown.
A computer center is being built for the students
表示经常的被动行为，常和always, often, constantly 等词连用。(表达某种感彩)
He is always being praised by the teacher.
一. 注意不可遗漏being
现在进行时的被动语态表示说话时正在进行的一个被动的动作,强调主语是动作的承受者,其构成为“am / is / are + being+动词的过去分词”。如果我们把being漏掉,就成为一般现在时的被动语态或系表结构。
如: Look! The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 瞧!那些孩子正由他们的姑妈照看着。
区别：Children are taken good care of at school. 孩子们在学校被照看得很好。(指通常情况)
二. 注意不可忽视 “现阶段”
现在进行时的被动语态也可表示目前这一阶段正在进行的一个被动的动作。
如: Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days.
如今许多有趣的实验正在被进行着。(说话时, 并不一定在进行)
注意没有现在进行时的被动语态的动词
一些表示“状态、心理活动、拥有、存在”等的动词, 一般不用现在进行时的被动语态, 而常用一般现在时的被动语态。如:
Xiao Wang, come here. You are wanted on the phone. 小王, 过来, 有你的电话。
Football is becoming more and more popular. In other words, it is loved by more and more people. 足球现在越来越流行了, 换句话说,它被越来越多的人喜爱。
四. 注意“be +under/ in等介词+名词”结构可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。
如:The problem is under discussion (is being discussed) at the meeting. 这个问题正在会上讨论。
The telephone is in use (=is being used) now. 这部电话正在使用中。
当堂检测
I. 单项选择
1. The milu deer ______ at the research center at present.
A. was being studied B. will be studied
C. is being studied D. have been studied
2. We can hear that the papers _______ quickly on fast-moving printing machines.
A. will be printed B. were being printed
C. have been printed D. are being printed
3. Money _______ for the nature project.
A. was collected B. have been collected
C. is being collected D. are being collected
4. He said his father ______ abroad the next year.
A. has been sent B. is being sent
C. will be sent D. would be sent
5. The plan that he made a few days ago ______ now.
A. has been carried out B. is being carried out
C. will be carried out D. was being carried out
6. —Where is the panda
—It______ by the doctor.
A. was being examined B. is being examined
C. will be examined D. has been examined
7. We can't watch TV tonight because it _______.
A. has been repaired B. hasn't been repaired
C. was being repaired D. hadn't been repaired
8. Every boy and every girl ______ equally in China now.
A. is being treated B. are being treated
C. treat D. are treated
9. More than one patient ______ by the nurse at the moment.
A. are being taken care of B. is being taken care of
C. are taken care of D. is take care of
10. The meeting ______ now is of great importance.
A. held B. being held C. is being held D. will be held
11. She is one of the girls in our class who ______ for the coming sports meeting now.
A. is being trained B. are trained C. is training D. are being trained
12. All that ______ about right now should not be let out.
A. are talked B. is being talked C. is talked D. are being talked
13. The poor _______ to live on their own labour at the very moment.
A. is helped B. are helped C. are being helped D. is being helped
14. The world_______ by man himself now.
A. is being destroyed B. are being destroyed C. has been destroyed D. will be destroyed
15. A pair of shoes _______ ; they can't be used now.
A. are being mended B. is being mended C. is mended D. are mended
16. ---- Hi, Tom, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon --- Sorry. _____.
A. It’s repaired B. It has been repaired C. It’s being repaired D.It had been repaired
答案：1-5 CDCDB 6-10 BBABB 11-16 BBCABC
II. 用所给词的适当形式填空
New functions _________________ (add) to the camera at present.
Many speeches _________________ (hold) in our school these days.
I don’t know what time it is now. My watch _________________ (repair)
A new stadium ___________________ (build). They hope to finish it next month.
--- Do you like the material -- Yes, it ____________ (feel) very soft.
The bridge which ______________ (build) last year ____________ (look) beautiful.
The camera you _______________ (use) now ______________ (belong) to me.
One third of the class ___________________ (question) by the teachers now.
---- What’s that noise ---- Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine _______________ (test).
Look! The foreign guests ____________________ (show) around the factory by Mr. Zhang.
答案：
1. are being added 2. are being held 3 is being repaired. 4. is being built 5. feels
6. was built looks 7. are using belongs 8. are being questioned
9. is being tested 10. are being shown
III. Translation（使用被动语态）
1. 熊猫正受到人们的保护。
2. 这个事件正受到更多的关注。
3. 这个学校正接受市长的检查。
4. 你知道你的眼睛正受到电脑的危害吗？
5. 看！越来越多的人正被你的话影响。
答案：
1. Pandas are being protected by people.
2. More attention is being paid to the incident./ The incident is being paid more attention to.
3. The school is being inspected by the mayor.
4. Do you know that your eyes are being harmed by the computer
5. Look! More and more people are being affected by your words.
Unit 1 课后练习
词汇填空
A) challenge B) honor C)financially D) shock E) controlling
F)broaden G) manage H) pushed I) experiences J) abroad K）appreciating
Each year, thousands of Chinese middle school students go to study in foreign countries such as the US, the UK, Australia and Japan.
“Chinese children hope very much to go abroad to get a wider view, less competition in studying, or family ___1____” said ChenYi, a Chinese writer, who had lived in the US for 16 years. In the talk, Chen told more than 300 parents and their children that life in foreign countries could be hard for young people. “They have to face a culture ___2___ and language problems.”
However, these are not always the most difficult things. To most children, ___3____ themselves while studying alone in a foreign country is a big ____4_____.
Zhang Jia, a 16-year-old student entered a high school in Melbourne, Australia last October. To his surprise, his teachers there hardly ___5_____ students to study. And usually there wasn’t any homework.
“In this educational system, we have more free time and space to think,” said Zhang. “But if you don’t know how to ___6____ your time and money, you will not live an easy life.” Some of his friends spent their whole year’s money in the first two months of the new term. And they didn’t pass their exams either.
“Studying __7___ at an early age can help students learn foreign languages quickly and ___8___ their minds. But the students and parents should know about the challenges,” Chen said. “If you want to study abroad, try to talk to someone with __9__ in foreign countries. Make sure that you are ready for it both mentally and __10____”
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
II、完形填空
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
A recent study has shown that levels of __50__ illness in children are rising. The study claims that mental problems such as depression and anxiety are affecting one in five __51__. One of the reasons given for this is the current preoccupation ( 极其关注) of parents with their children’s __52__.
Parents today consider the streets too dangerous for their children so children are taken from home to __53__ and back, and their parents rarely let them go out __54__ their own.
This preoccupation has two causes: fear of __55 accidents and anxiety about child molesters ( 骚扰者) and murderers on the streets. Parents’ fears make their children anxious about the outside world and children in turn
__56__ the normal adventures of everyday life. __57__, they don’t learn how to form __58__ with other children. Anxiety makes children often become victims of bullies and their fears are, therefore, realized and even increased. It is a vicious (恶性的) __59__.
It is a fact, however, that children could be experiencing these fears unnecessarily. __60__ parents may think a child molester lurks ( 潜藏) round every corner, this is not __61__ by statistics: very few children are attacked by people they don’t know.
The fear of traffic accidents is certainly more real but it is something that needs to be addressed by society in general. Some cities in the Netherlands, for example, have created traffic-free zones and pedes-trian-friendly zones, __62__ cars, if allowed, must give priority to people and bicycles. Children can, therefore, play more safely in these areas.
There are, however, critics of this study. Many child psychologists believe that this lack of __63__ is not enough to cause mental problems. They consider the problems more __64__ to be a result of family breakdown in modern society.
50. A. serious B. mental C. bodily D. brief
51. A. days B. cases C. youngsters D. parents
52. A. study B. job C. life D. safety
53. A. home B. office C. company D. school
54. A. by B. on C. for D. with
55. A. air B. railway C. traffic D. sudden
56. A. meet B. take C. miss D. find
57. A. In addition B. In contrast C. In fact D. In particular
58. A. habit B. care C. study D. relationships
59. A. circle B. way C. sign D. source
60. A. If B. Where C. While D. What
61. A. raised B. supported C. decided D. improved
62. A. with B. when C. whether D. where
63. A. courage B. attention C. focus D. independence
64. A. likely B. like C. probably D. possibly
III、阅读理解
A
Secretary
Jenny loves office work but it’s hard on her figure. All those sandwich lunches and her sweet tooth added up to extra pounds till Jenny started slimming (减食疗法) with Bisks.
Every lunchtime she’d have a Bisks chocolate bar with a glass of milk. It filled her up and satisfied her longings for sweet things. And it was also convenient.
She watched what she ate at her other meals and soon she was losing weight. Now Jenny’s feeling and looking so good even her boss notices the difference. That was her proof that Bisks work.
Housewife
A lively little lady called Elizabeth and her hungry husband always cooked big, filling meals. And when he cooked them, she couldn’t resist eating them, which led to her weight getting out of hand. So Elizabeth tried slimming with Bisks.
Bisks offered her 24 different flavors of biscuits and chocolate. Some sweet and some delicious. When she ate them instead of a meal, they were really filling and satisfying. She hardly ever felt hungry and soon she began to lose weight.
Now Elizabeth’s back to what she weighed at her wedding. And she knows that Bisks work.
Student
Sue’s first year at college was her first opportunity to cook for herself. But she didn’t. She ate whatever the dining-room had offered. Pretty soon, Sue had a weight problem, a problem she worked out with Bisks.
Sue had Bisks instead of a meal because there was nothing to cook. The Bisks flavors were so delicious. She really enjoyed them. And she ate more sensibly at her other meals.
In a few weeks Sue had lost weight. Now she’s even taking a class in cooking.
That’s her proof that Bisks work.
1. What is the passage
A. A story. B. A book review. C. An advertisement. D. A scientific article.
2. Sue started going to cooking lessons when ____________.
A. she entered college B. she had a weight problem
C. she didn’t enjoy Bisks D. she’d lost her extra weight
3. The main purpose of the passage is to ______.
A. give proof that Bisks work on slimming B. ask people to pay attention to their figures while working
C. show people different flavors of biscuits D. show different people have different slimming ways
B
The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise (有氧运动). Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize on this emerging interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females.
A number of fitness spas existed prior to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their focus was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, strength, and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts. These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has
again become increasingly popular for males and for females. Many current programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well.
Historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics. However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now recommends that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans. Increased participation in such training is one of the specific physical activity and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives.
4. The word “spas” most probably means “______”.
A. sports activities B. places for physical exercise
C. recreation centers D. athletic training programs
5. Early fitness spas were intended mainly for _____________.
A. the promotion of aerobic exercise B. endurance and muscular development
C. the improvement of women’s figures D. better performance in aerobic dancing
6. What was the attitude of doctors towards weight training in health improvement previously
A. Positive. B. Indifferent. C. Negative. D. Cautious
7. Recent studies have suggested that weight training ______.
A. had become an essential part of people’s life B. may well affect the health of the trainees
C. will attract more people in the days to come D. contributes to health improvement as well
C
Adding math talk to story time at home is a winning equation for children's math achievement, according to a new research from the University of Chicago. The study from psychologists Sian Beilock and Susan Levine shows a marked increase in math achievement among children whose families used Bedtime Math, an iPad app that delivers engaging math story problems for parents and children to solve together.
Even children who used the app with their parents as little as once a week saw gains in math achievement by the end of the school year. The app's effect was especially strong for children whose parents tend to be anxious or uncomfortable with math.
Previous research from this group has demonstrated the importance of adults’ attitudes about math for children's math success. For example, a recent study found that math-anxious parents who help their children with math homework actually weaken their children’s math achievement.
The new findings demonstrate that structured, positive interactions around math at home can cut the link between parents’ uneasiness about math and children's low math achievement.
“Many Americans experience high levels of anxiety when they have to solve a math problem, with a majority of adults feeling at least some worries about math,” said Beilock, professor in Psychology and author of
Choke, a book about stress and performance. “These math-anxious parents are probably less likely to talk about math at home, which affects how competent their children are in math. Bedtime Math encourages a dialogue between parents and kids about math, and offers a way to engage in high-quality math interactions in a low-effort, high-impact way.”
Study participants included 587 first-grade students and their parents. Families were given an iPad installed with a version of the Bedtime Math app, with which parents and their children read stories and answer questions involving math, including topics like counting, shapes and problem-solving. A control group received a reading app that had similar stories without the math content and questions related to reading comprehension instead. Children's math achievement was assessed at the beginning and end of the school year. Parents completed a questionnaire about their nervousness with math.
The more times parents and children in the math group used the app, the higher children’s achievement on a math assessment at the end of the school year. Indeed, children who frequently used the math app with their parents outperformed similar students in the reading group by almost three months in math achievement at year's end.
8.Bedtime Math is an iPad app that _____.
A. requires parents and children to answer reading comprehension questions
B. assesses children’s math achievement and parents’ nervousness with math
C. teaches children how to count, recognize shapes and solve practical problems
D. encourages children together with their parents to solve math story problems
9.The previous study found that _____.
A. help from math-anxious parents improves children’s math achievement
B. children’ math achievement is related to parents’ attitude about math
C. interactions around math at home will cut off the family relationship
D. children can achieve more success if they see the importance of math
10.We can infer from the passage that ______.
A. children using app for three months can see gains in math achievement
B. children whose parents are uneasy about math outperform other students
C. it is the math problems related to the stories that make the great difference
D. the frequency of using the app has nothing to do with children’s achievement
11.Which is the best title for the passage
A. High-quality math interactions improve performance.
B. Frequent use of app can develop problem solving ability.
C. Low-effort activities create good parent-child relationship.
D. High-anxiety parents influence children’s attitude about math.
IV、阅读六选四
Directions: Read fee passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. You are only allowed to purchase a firearm if you have had a background check and meet certain legal requirements. B. There have been many enlightening articles on gun control in America. C. If you were to visit the United States for two months the only gun you might see is in a museum or on a police officer. D. Less than fifty percent of homes in the United States own weapons, and many of those homes are in rural areas where guns may have a greater use. E. More people are deciding to legalize their gun transactions instead of buying them on the black market. F. What alarms people the most about American gun culture are the illegal guns and shooting, which make some places feel unsafe．
Guns have a special place in American culture, and though not everyone agrees on whether or not they are a good thing, there is no mistaking that they will be part of the cultural landscape for some time. To answer the question, no, not everyone has a gun. ___________67___________
Americans use guns for one of two uses: either for sport, where they can use them on firing ranges or for hunting in approved areas, or for self-protection. The latter is where most people begin to take sides, either arguing for the removal of guns from society or allowing more people to have them. There are organizations and community groups for both sides and both sides have strong feelings.
Legally, there are restrictions on gun owners. ___________68___________ Only certain kinds of weapons can be purchased by the public, and that excludes automatic weapon and military grade weaponry. Gun owners must transport their weapon in a safe way, unloaded and in most cases, out of sight. Special―concealed carry permits from the police station must be obtained for people who want to wear weapon, and most people are rejected for this kind of permit. ___________69___________ Criminals steal guns or buy them illegally to commit crimes, and the news is full of terrible stories of what happened next. Occasionally a child will get a hold of legal weapon and accidentally hurt themselves or others.
It is important to remember, however, that the news stories that make the United States seem like a dangerous place are deceiving; guns are not everywhere or constant. ___________70___________ After all, America is a safe place to live.
V、Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
多亏了你及时的帮助，我们才成功地完成了任务。（thanks to）
__________________________________________________________________________________
你可以自由自在地去做任何你想做的事。( be free to )
__________________________________________________________________________________
进一步争辩没有意义，起不了多大作用。（ point）
__________________________________________________________________________________
我们的目的是让所有来我们商店的顾客满意。（aim at）
__________________________________________________________________________________
那个年轻人从他父亲的忠告中受益颇多。(benefit)
__________________________________________________________________________________
VI、Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in about 120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
以师生关系为题写一篇英语短文，内容要点如下：
1． 良好的师生关系对教和学两方面都非常重要。师生关系融洽才能合作好。
2． 理想的师生关系依赖于双方的共同努力。学生应尊重老师，有礼貌，而且应听从老师有益的建议；老师也应该善待学生，公平耐心地对待每一个学生，对教学负责并帮助有困难的学生。
3． 双方友好相处，可以消除误解并提高课堂效率。
Relationships between Teachers and Students
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 1 参考答案
I、1-5. BDEAH 6~10. GJFIC
II、50. B。从第二句中mental problem可得出。
51． C。文章一开始就指出问题存在于children中。
52． D。从第二段第一句dangerous for their children可得出。
53． D。推理，作为学生，肯定是去上学的。
54． B。词组on one’s own。
55. C。上面提到 “过马路”，由此得出。
56． C。根据句意，应为 “错过”。
57． A。上下内容呈递进关系。
58． D。形成一种关系。
59． A。恶性循环。
60． C。此为转折“然而”。
61． B。没有数据证明。 62． D
63． D。缺乏独立。
64． A。consider + adj.的结构，“认为更有可能……”。
III、1. C。全文把握可看出这是一则广告。
2．D。根据倒数第二段In a few weeks Sue had lost her weight. Now she’s even taking a class in
cooking可知。
3．A
4. B。根据上下文推断。
5. B。从第二段第二句...was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to
develop muscular
mass, strength, and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts可得出。
6.C。从第二段第三句...since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits.可得出。
7. D。从最后一段第二句...in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well可得出。
8-11 D B C A
IV、67-70 D A F C
V、1.Thanks to your timely help, we managed to finish the task successfully.
2.You are free to do anything you would like to do.
3.There is no point in arguing further. It won’t help much.
4.We aim at pleasing all the customers coming to our shop.
5.The young man benefited greatly from his father’s advice.
Unit 2 Places
词汇部分：
1. destination n.目的地
2. million num.一百万
3. amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的
4. historic adj.历史上重要的
5. site n.地点
6. former adj.以前的
7. poetry n.诗歌；诗作
8. basis n.基础；要素
9. court n.宫殿
10. originally adv.原先；起初
11. defence n.防御
12. nowadays adv.当前；目前
13. view n.景色，风景
14. memory n.回忆；记忆
15. contribute v.捐献
16. scientific adj.科学（上）的
17. admire v.钦佩
18. statue n.雕塑，雕像
19. fancy adj.昂贵的；奢华的
20. feature n.特色；特征；特点
21. position n.地位
22. opportunity n.机会；时机
23. transport n.交通运输系统
24. disappoint v.使失望
25. structure n.结构；构造
26. sculpture n.雕像；雕塑品
27. weapon n.武器；兵器
28. crowded adj.人多的；拥挤的
29. indicate v.表明；显示
30. afterwards adv.以后；后来
31. downtown adv.在市中心，往市中心
32. moment n.某一时刻
33. envelope n.信封
34. cafe n.咖啡馆，小餐馆
35. vote v.投票
36. chat v.闲聊；聊天
37. nowhere adv.无处；哪里都不
38. embarrassed adj.窘迫的，尴尬的
39. shocked adj.震惊的
40. opinion n.意见；想法；看法
41. blog n.博客
42. settle v.定居
43. adventure n.冒险；冒险的经历
44. energetic adj.精力充沛的
45. origin n.起源；源头
46. desert n.沙漠
47. entrance n.入口
48. battle n.战役；战斗
49. altogether adv.总共，一共
短语部分：
50. belong to 属于某人；归某人所有
51. in case 以防；以防万一
52. in the distance 在远方
53. a variety of 各种各样的
54. prime minister 首相；总理
课文部分：
Where history comes alive
Xi’an, China
Xi’an is no doubt one of the most popular tourist destinations in China. Every year, millions of travelers visit the Terracotta Army of Emperor Qin Shihuang about 42 kilometres from the city centre, which is one of the most amazing historic sites in the world（该处是定语从句修饰前面的the Terracotta Army of Emperor Qin Shihuang，虽然未紧跟先行词，但它依然是限定性定从，和非限定性定从注意形式和从意义上综合区分。）.
参考译文：
西安无疑是中国最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一。每年，数以百万计的游客参观距离市中心42公里处的秦始皇兵马俑，它是世界上最令人惊叹的历史遗迹之一。
As one of China’s great former capitals, Xi’an grew to be the largest city in the world during the Tang Dynasty, a golden age of art and poetry. （as翻译成作为时是介词；此外它还可以做连词，引导时间、原因状语从句；as又可作为关系代词，在一些固定搭配中引导定从，例如as we all know） Chang’an, as it was known at the time, was the starting point of the Silk Road, which connected China to the world. It was here that Xuan Zang set out on his famous travels, which became the basis of Journey to the West. Historic sites from that time include the two Wide Goose Pagodas and the remains of the Daming Palace, which was the centre of the Tang court.
参考译文：
作为中国伟大的前首都之一，西安在唐朝发展成为世界上最大的城市，唐朝是艺术和诗歌的黄金时代。当时的长安是连接中国与世界的丝绸之路的起点。正是在这里，玄奘开始了他著名的旅行，这也成为了《西游记》的基础。从那时起，包括两个宽鹅塔和大明宫遗址的历史遗迹，便是唐代宫廷的中心。
Today, Xi’an is a modern city, at the heart of China’s Belt and Road initiative, but its long history can be seen everywhere: it is one of the few cities in the world that still have city walls. The wall, almost 14 kilometres in length, was originally built for the purpose of defence, but nowadays, it’s a great way to experience Xi’an: from here,you can get an amazing view of the city.
参考译文：
今天，西安是一座现代城市，处于中国“一带一路”倡议的中心，但它的悠久历史随处可见:它是世界上少数几个仍保留着城墙的城市之一。城墙长约14公里，最初是为了防御而建造的，但现在，它是体验西安的一个好方法:从这里，你可以看到这个城市令人叹为观止的景色。
Florence, Italy
Florence, one of the famous historic cities in Italy,（插入语，也是同位语，解释说明弗洛伦萨，写作文时可以参考这种写法。） is the birthplace of many amazing ideas and discoveries!
Florence’s history is alive with the memory of a time when art, culture and science were being “reborn”. (由关
系副词when引导的定语从句。) In the late 13th century, the Renaissance began here before spreading to the rest of Europe. At that time, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci and Galileo were some of the people living, working and studying in Florence. During this period, they, along with other great minds, contributed valuable artworks and made important scientific discoveries.
参考译文：
佛罗伦萨，意大利著名的历史名城之一，是许多惊人的想法和发现的诞生地!
佛罗伦萨的历史充满了对艺术、文化和科学“重生”时期的记忆。13世纪晚期，文艺复兴在蔓延到欧洲其他地区之前就在这里开始了。当时，米开朗基罗、达芬奇和伽利略就是在佛罗伦萨生活、工作和学习的一些人。在这一时期，他们和其他伟人一起贡献了有价值的艺术品，做出了科学上的重要发现。
Florence is filled with art, science and history museums and ancient buildings, as well as historic universities. (and的升级版，写作文时可以参考该用法。) You can visit many of these places to experience and admire the amazing work and discoveries that happened during the Renaissance period. An example is Michelangelo’s famous statue David, which he completed between 1501 and 1504. (用逗号隔开的定语从句，该处逗号的作用是表示停顿和强调。) Another must-see is the University of Florence. It was started in 1321 and many famous people studied there in the Renaissance period, including Leonardo da Vinci.
参考译文：
佛罗伦萨到处都是艺术、科学和历史博物馆和古建筑，还有历史悠久的大学。你可以参观这些地方，体验和欣赏文艺复兴时期的惊人工作和发现。米开朗基罗著名的大卫雕像就是一个例子，这是他在1501年到1504年间完成的。另一个必去的地方是佛罗伦萨大学。它始建于1321年，文艺复兴时期许多名人都在这里学习过，包括列奥纳多·达·芬奇。
In Florence today you can experience the old and the new. Historic sites are neighbours with fancy restaurants and high-end shops. (experience是动词经历、体验的意思，亦可做名词，表示经历和经验，做“经验”时是不可数名词；常用的固定搭配是“be experienced in…”在某方面有经验。) While you are trying the delicious local food, you can decide which interesting places to visit next. (while此处引导时间状语从句，表示当……的时候，表示正在发生的动作；做连词时它还有其他义项：表让步以及对比，此时多不翻译出来。)
参考译文：
在今天的佛罗伦萨，你可以体验旧与新。历史遗迹与高档餐厅和高档商店毗邻。当你在品尝美味的当地食物时，你可以决定参观下一个哪些有趣的地方。
【课堂练习】
I. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases from the box below. Change the form where necessary.
structure contribute downtown embarrassed fancy deserve featured historic admire origin disappoint
1. I was really , but then I saw the funny side of it.
我确实感到尴尬，但接着我发现了事情好笑的一面。
2. Jon in one of the show's most thrilling episodes.
乔恩主演了该剧中最惊悚的几集之一。
3. What I is not what you have, but what you are.
我所羡慕的不是你所拥有的东西，而是你是什么。
4. On the social level, improvement in the quality of life can greatly to social harmony.
在社会层面，生活质量的提高非常有助于社会和谐。
5. The of the Dragon Boat Festival is to recall the soul of Qu Yuan.
龙舟节的起源是为了缅怀屈原的灵魂。
6. We are living in a great era.
我们正处在一个伟大的历史时代。
7. There is heavy traffic in the area tonight.
今夜闹市区交通繁忙。
8. The magazine was packaged in a plastic case with attractive graphics.
这本杂志装在一个带有漂亮图纹的别致塑料盒子里。
9. Her decision to cancel the concert is bound to her fans.
她决定取消这场音乐会，肯定会使她的歌迷失望。
10. Doctors study the of the human body.
医生研究人体构造。
1-5: embarrassed; featured; admire; contribute; origin
6-10: historic; downtown; fancy; disappoint; structure
II.Fill in the blanks with the phrases from the box below.
belong to；contribute to; in case；in the distance；a variety of
1. People change their mind for ____________reasons.
2. The figures ______________ seemed to be drawing closer.
3. Extra boiling water should be kept at hand just __________ it is needed.
4. You can’t take away these magazines which ________ our school library.
5. On the social level, improvement in the quality of life can social harmony greatly.
【答案】1.a variety of 2. in the distance 3. in case 4.belong to 5. contribute to
Grammar
过去将来时讲解与练习
过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。过去将来时常用“would + 动词原形”或“was / were going to + 动词原形”来表达。
用 法 例 句 特别提示
表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 I didn’t know when he would go to the park. He said that he would wait for me at the school gate. 此种情况常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。
用“was / were going to + 动词原形”，“was / were about to + 动词原形”表示将来的动作或状态。 She told me she was going to fly to Yunnan. I was about to leave the house when the telephone rang. 和一般将来时一样，也可用相应的其他形式表示。
过去进行时态有时可用来表示过去将来。 He said the train was leaving at five the next morning. He said he was coming to see me. 常见于come, go等瞬间动词。
过去将来时的基本特征，也就是我么年今天所谈到的“立足过去，着眼未来”。它表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的某个动作或存在的某种状态。
例如：Mary told me that she would go to Shanghai by plane. 玛丽告诉我说她将要坐飞机去上海。
基本构成：
A ) would + 动词原形
如：He asked me if I would stay here. 他问我是否要待在这儿。
B ) was / were going to + 动词原形
如：No one knew when he was going to finish his homework. 没有人知道他什么时候会完成作业。
C ) was/ were ( about ) to + 动词原形
如：He said that they were to leave at six. 他说他们将于6点动身。
She said that the meeting was about to begin. 她说会议就要开始了
D) come, go, arrive, leave, die 等瞬时动词，用在过去进行时态中表示过去将来。
如：She told us that she was leaving for Yunnan. 她告诉我们她将要去云南。
基本用法:
A ) 主句为过去时，宾语从句常表示将要发生的事情。
如：Nobody knew what would happen after a hundred years. 没有人知道一百年之后将会发生什么事。
We wanted to know whether she was going to speak at the meeting.
我们想知道她是否准备在会上发言。
B ) 在叙述过去的事情或事情发生的经过时，用过去将来时表示在当时看将来会发生的事。
如：It was a Sunday afternoon. A young woman named Maria had just left school. He was going to start to work the next week, so she decided to buy some new clothes and a new pair of shoes.
一个星期天的下午，一位名叫玛丽亚的年轻人刚离开学校。因为她准备下周开始工作，所以，决定买些新衣服和一双新鞋子。
C ) 过去将来时还可以用来表示非真实的动作或状态。
如：If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Harvard University.
如果我有机会出国学习的话，我就会去哈佛大学。
I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight. 今晚他能和我一起去看电影就好了。
当堂检测
I. 选择填空
1. Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian _____to China next month.
A. as; come B. was; would come C. would be; came D. will be; come
2. Jenny said she _____her holiday in China.
A. spent B. would spent C. was going to spent D. would spend
3. —What did your son say in the letter
—He told me that he ______ the Disney World the next day.
A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit
4. I hoped Tina ______ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.
A. to come B. is coming C. will come D. was coming
5. Father said that he ______ me to Beijing the next year.
A. took B. would take C. takes D. will take
6. We were not sure whether they ______ more vegetables.
A. are going to grow B. were going to grow C. will grow D. have grown
7. She ______ to work when the telephone rang.
A. is going B. will go C. was about to go D. is to go
答案： I. C D D D B B C
II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Miss Zhang said she __________________(visit) the Great Wall next summer.
2. She told him that she __________________(not stay) here for long.
3. I wasn’t sure whether Lucy______________________(come) the next year.
4. The scientists said the world’s population ______________________ (slow) down in future.
5. She said the bus ___________________________ (leave) at five the next morning.
6. I wasn't sure whether he __________________________ (lend) me his book the next morning.
7. He was fifty-six. In two years he ___________________________(be) fifty-eight.
8. Whenever she has time, she __________________________(help) them in their work.
答案：II. 1. would visit 2. would not stay 3. would come 4. would slow
5. was leaving 6. would lend 7. would be 8. would help
III.Translation
医生说Jack几天内就会痊愈。(用过去将来时)
贝蒂说下周六她要去参观长城。(用过去将来时)
这家超市的特色是24小时服务。(feature)
他们同意尽量通过谈判解决他们之间的纠纷。(settle)
这是用这种语言创作的最具想像力的原创作品之一。(original)
答案：
The doctor said Jack would be all right in a few days.
Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday.
This supermarket features round-the-clock service.
They agreed to try to settle their dispute by negotiation.
It is one of the most original works of imagination in the language.
Unit 2 课后练习
I. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Are you on a diet Then maybe you should consider (1)_________(sit) by the window the next time you eat out. A new book claims that (2)________ you sit in a restaurant can affect how much you consume.
A new research found that people sitting farthest from the front door ate the fewest salads and were 73 percent (3)________(likely) to order dessert.
Those seated at a dark table ate heavier food and ordered more of it (4)______ diners seated at bright bar tables ordered more salads and fewer desserts.
According to the researchers, the darker it is, the more invisible you (5)______ feel, the less easy it is to see how much you’re eating and the less guilty you are when you eat more.
In contrast, (6) ________(see) the sunlight, people or trees outside might make you more conscious of (7)________ you look, might make you think about walking or might make you want a green salad.
The researchers also noted that slim diners chewed around 15 times per mouthful, three chews more than heavier diners. By eating more slowly, the diner consumes less in the time (8)_________ takes for the brain to register satisfaction.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. misleading B. relatively C. teamed D. doubled E. encouraging F. guidance
G. reviews H. reasonable I. cultivate J. proposed K. annually
No More Food Waste
Last week Meituan co-published a proposal with a number of business organizations, including the China General Chamber of Commerce and China Cuisine Association, calling on restaurants to stop food waste and help (1)________new eating habits for customers.
“Restaurants should innovate means of publicity using official accounts on social media and live-streaming to promote and advocate food-saving actions,” the proposal said.
Meituan and the organizations are advocating that merchants offer (2)________ to consumers, including reminding them during the ordering process about the taste of the ingredients, portion sizes and other information about the dishes, to help them avoid food waste due to (3)________ information.
Catering associations in more than 18 provinces have also joined the campaign to eliminate food waste. On Friday the China Cuisine Association announced that it had (4)________ up with Ele.me, the Alibaba Group Holding-owned food delivery platform, to launch a “half-dish plan”, (5) ________restaurants to provide customers with the option to order smaller portions.
The Wuhan Catering Association (6)________ an “N-1” ordering code for restaurants in which a group of 10 diners would only order enough for nine people. More food is only brought to the table if required.
To curb(限制) portrayals of food waste on social media platforms, popular Chinese video platforms such as Douyin and Kuaishou have stepped up content (7)________ of food-related live streams and implemented regulation of online eating shows.
Now if users search certain keywords, such as “eating show” or “competitive eaters”, a cautionary message pops up to remind them to cherish food and maintain a (8)________diet.
Across the country, about 40% of all the food Americans buy ends up in the trash. That food waste costs the average family of four about $1,500 (9)________. It also takes up valuable space in landfills.
The state of Vermont has long been a leader in environmental issues. Now it has just (10)________down on its bid to get Vermonters to rethink their relationship with food and waste.
As of July 1st, it became the first state in the nation to make it illegal for residents to throw their food scraps into the trash. That means everyone in the state from businesses to residents must now keep their food waste out of the garbage.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Processed foods like chips, soda and frozen pizzas are full of salt, sugar and fat. Now scientists are trying to
understand if there is something else about such foods that may be bad for humans. Scientists have already linked low-cost, __1__ foods to rising obesity rates around the world. Three recent studies offer more __2__ on how our increasingly industrialized food supply may be affecting our health.
What does processed food __3__
The researchers created a system that places foods into four groups. The system says highly processed foods are made __4__ of industrialized materials and additives. Sodas, packaged cookies, instant noodles and chicken nuggets are some examples of highly processed foods. But also included are products that can __5__ healthy, such as morning cereals, energy bars and some kinds of yogurt.
What's wrong with processed foods
Researchers at the National Institutes of Health conducted a four-week study involving 20 people. They found that people eat about 500 more calories a day when __6__ mostly processed foods. That is compared with when the __7__ people were given less processed foods. The researchers permitted the 20 participants to eat as much or as little as they wanted. They were taken to a medical center so their health and behavior could be __8__.
In another study, researchers in France found people who ate more processed foods were more likely to have heart disease. A similar study in Spain linked eating more processed foods to a higher risk of death __9__.
What is it about processed foods
When given less processed foods, people in the study __10__ more of a hormone that controls hunger, and less of a hormone that causes hunger. The reason for the __11__ is not clear. The scientists also found that people ate processed foods more quickly.
Kevin Hall is one of the researchers who led the study. He told the AP that processed foods are __12__ softer and easier to chew and swallow. Hall noted the source of nutrients might __13__. For example, fiber from whole fruits and vegetables may be better for making people feel full than fiber added to packaged foods such as energy bars and yogurt.
What should you eat
Avoiding processed foods can be hard, __14__ for people with limited time and money. Processed foods can also take many forms. __15__, companies continually re-engineer products to make them seem healthier. The newest studies may provide more reasons to avoid processed foods. But, they also call attention to the difficulty of coming up with ways to do that.
1. A. organic B. delicious C. packaged D. cheap
2. A. examples B. clues C. hints D. signals
3. A. provide B. suggest C. mean D. infer
4. A. specially B. mostly C. naturally D. technically
5. A. remain B. taste C. become D. seem
6. A. consumed B. forced C. deprived D. fed
7. A. same B. normal C. different D. alternative
8. A. explained B. observed C. cured D. remedied
9. A. in general B. in particular C. in nature D. in advance
10. A. preferred B. produced C. compared D. processed
11. A. hunger B. procedure C. reaction D. physiology
12. A. supposedly B. hardly C. usually D. constantly
13. A. strike a balance B. run a risk C. pose a threat D. make a difference
14. A. especially B. generally C. specifically D. reasonably
15. A. By contrast B. In summary C. Above all D. In addition
Section B
(A)
Beef, of course, is the meat from a cow, and probably no food is more popular in America than a hamburger made from beef. In the 1960s a businessman named Ray Kroc began building small restaurants that sold hamburgers at a low price. Kroc called his restaurant " McDonald's". Kroc cooked hamburgers quickly so people in a hurry could buy and eat them without waiting. By me end of the 1960s the McDonald's Company had been selling hamburgers in hundreds of restaurants from California to Maine. Not surprisingly, Ray Kroc became one of the richest businessmen in America.
Other business people watched his success. Some of them opened their own hamburgers
restaurants. One company, called " Wendy's", began to compete with McDonald's. Wendy' s said its hamburgers were bigger than those sold by McDonald's or anyone else. The Wendy's hamburgers were the biggest. It produced a television advertisement to sell this idea. The Wendy's television advertisement showed three old women eating hamburgers. The bread that covered the meat was very big, but inside there was only a tiny bit of meat. One of the women said she would not eat a hamburger with such a little piece of beef. " Where's the beef " She shouted in a funny voice. These advertisements for Wendy's hamburger restaurants were a success from the first day they appeared on television. As we said, it seemed that everyone began using the expression "Where's
the beef "
It was one of the most popular expressions in the United States.
65. McDonald is a restaurant .
A.which sells fast food B.which sells cheap beef
C.where people can eat whatever they like D.where people must eat in a hurry
66. " From California to Maine" means .
A. all over the world B. all over America
C. from east to west D. from north to south
67. The expression "Where is the beef " means .
A.try to find the best beef B.the beef can't be found
C. the beef is not as good as it is said to be D.something is not as good as described
68. McDonald's is a restaurant first run by .
A. McDonald B. Wendy
C. a rich businessman D. Ray Kroc
69. Which of me following statement is True
A. Some others wanted to open hamburger restaurants because hamburgers are easy to make.
B. Some others wanted to open hamburger restaurants because they wanted to make a lot of money.
C. Some others wanted to open hamburger restaurants because they could sell hamburgers from California to Maine.
D. Some others wanted to open hamburger restaurants because they thought hamburgers are good to eat.
(B) Visitor Code
Arrive with nothing that can harm New Zealand If you are arriving from overseas, bring no food, animal or plant material into the country. If in doubt declare it to Customs. Protect plants and animals Never allow dogs or other pets to run freely in areas of nesting birds, other wildlife, or where sign posted. Get rid of rubbish Always get rid of your rubbish properly and recycle waste (e.g. glass, paper) where possible.
Be considerate with other waste If using a portable toilet always throw away your toilet waste at a proper waste station. In the back country, bury your toilet waste in a shallow hole away from waterway. Keep New Zealand’s water clean Because soaps and other wastes can harm waterways, be careful your washing water doesn’t pollute the sea lakes and rivers. Take care with fires Always observe district fire bans. Be careful if you smoke or have an outdoor fire or barbecue, make sure ashes are cold before leaving. Camp or picnic carefully When camping or picnicking, use facilities provided. Keep to the track Keep to the track, where one exists, so you lessen the chance of damaging fragile plants. Be considerate When driving, minimize noise and observe no smoking signs.
70. According to Visitor Code, visitors are expected to act_______.
A. with care and respect B. with relief and pleasure
C. with caution and calmness D. with attention and observation
71. What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand
A. Take your own camping facilities. B. Bury glass far away from rivers.
C. Follow the track for the sake of plants. D. Observe signs to approach nesting birds.
72. What is allowed to take into New Zealand according to the Visitor Code
A. wild honey B. fresh grape fruit C. Chinese ham D. duty-free wine
73. The underlined word fragile probably means __________.
A. breakable and delicate B. fragrant and beautiful
C. rare and expensive D. healthy and strong
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Kids know when your praise is sincere and when it’s not. Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. But in fact, it may be just the opposite. Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. Children develop a sense of competence by seeing the consequences of their actions, not by being told about the consequences of their actions. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate to the amount of effort your child put into it.
Praising Kids
Parents praise their kids whenever they do anything that seems to be something remarkable. Jenn Berman, PhD, a family therapist says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be stricter.” Parents have come to believe that by giving kids heaping portions of praise, they improve their self-esteem and confidence. ________74________ Too much praise can backfire, it seems, and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parent’s praise has put them.
________75________Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in stretching themselves for their accomplishments.
So what is the right amount of praise ________76________ If praise is sincere and genuine and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear, “One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.”
Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team, Donahue says. But if he’s out there every day, shooting baskets, running drills, and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins
or loses because it’s above and beyond the norm. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when he has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or complete a history assignment, Donahue adds. ________77________
III. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1.由于种种不同的原因,大家赴宴都迟到了。(a variety of)
Everyone arrived ________________________________.
2.像中国人一样，法国人喜欢花时间享受餐桌上的美味佳肴。（take time to）
Just like Chinese people, Frenchmen _____________________________ at dinner.
如今人们宁愿在家里与家人共进晚餐而不愿在饭店里吃饭。(prefer... rather than)
Nowadays people ________________________________________ in the restaurant.
那些痴迷于电脑游戏的人会整夜不眠在网上和人玩游戏。(be keen on)
Those who _____________________________, playing games with others on the Net.
均衡的膳食，适当的体育锻炼，对生活积极的态度有助于人们保持健康。（maintain）
A well-balanced diet, proper physical exercise and positive attitudes towards life _____________.
VI. Guided Writing
假设你是明启中学学生张华，最近你们学校的团组织响应市政府号召，正在开展午餐光盘（clean-plate)行动。现向全体学生征集减少食物浪费的可行性建议。你决定写一封信回应。在信中，你必须：
1.提出减少浪费食物的建议。
2.说明你的理由。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 2 参考答案
拓展提升
I. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
1. sitting 2 where 3. more likely 4. while 5. may 6. seeing 7. how 8. it
Section B
1-5 BKEAJ, 6-10. GDHFC
II. Reading comprehension
Section A
61~65 CBCBD 66~70 DABAB 71~75 CCDAD
Section B
(A) ABDDB (B) ACDA (C) C B D F
III.Translation
Everyone arrived late at the party for a variety of reasons.
Just like Chinese people, Frenchmen are keen on taking time to enjoy the fine tastes at dinner.
Nowadays people prefer to enjoy their "dinner with family at home rather than eat in the restaurant.
Those who are keen on computer games will stay up all the night, playing games with others on the Net.
A well-balanced diet, proper physical exercise and positive attitudes towards life help people to maintain good health.
VI、Guided Writing
【参考范文】
Dear sir or madam,
Recently, clear-plate campaign is more and more popular in society, which advocates saving against wasting. Hearing that our school has also responded to the government’s call and is collecting students' opinions, I can't wait to express my ideas and suggestion as follows.
As far as I am concerned, it's high time that we should fight against wasting. Firstly, I think our school should carry out various activities to arouse students' awareness of saving. Secondly, relevant rules and regulations are supposed to be made to punish those who waste things. Most importantly, we should form the habit of saving from now. It is everybody's duty to save resources.
Why am I making these Sugg2024-2025学年上教版（2020）高一英语暑假预习 学案
Unit 1 Our world
词汇部分：
1. digital adj.数字信息系统的；数码的；数字式的
2. typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；不出所料的；特有的
3. event n.发生的事情；（尤指）重要的事情，大
4. onto (与动词连用，表示朝某处或某位置运动)向，朝
5. midnight n. 子夜，午夜
6. routine n. 常规，正常顺序
7. scene n. 场面；片段，镜头
8. earn. v. 挣得，赚得，挣钱
9. death n. 死亡，死
10. button n. 扣子；纽扣
11. type n.类型；种类
12. unique adj. 独特的；唯一的
13. respond adj. 反应
14. select v. 挑选；选择
15. organization n. 组织；机构；团体
16. goal n. 目标，目的
17. partner. n. 搭档，同伴；配偶；v. 结成伙伴
18. improve v. (使)改进，（使）改善；
19. currently adv. 当前，现在；
20. schedule n. 工作计划，日程安排
21. conference n. 会议
22. quality n. 质量；品质
23. deliver n. 给与，递送
24. inspire v. 鼓励；鼓舞
25. tip n. 指点，实用的提示
26. acquire v. 获得；习得
27. challenge n. 挑战 v. 向…发起挑战
28. volunteer n.志愿者，义务工作者；
v. 自愿做，义务做
29. location n. 地方，地点，位置
30. length n. 长度，（持续）时间的长短
31. electricity n. 电
32. material n. (某一活动所需的)材料
33. senior adj. 年长的；高级的；n. 较年长的人
34. junior adj. 初级的；
35. freedom. n. (权利或状态)自由
36. dorm n. 集体宿舍；学生宿舍
37. aspect n.方面；层面
38. exploration n. 探究，研究；探测
39. edit v. 编辑，校订(文章、书籍等)
40. particular adj. 专指的；特指的
41. element n. 元素，要素
42. behavior n. 行为
43. related adj.相关的；有联系的
44. lantern n.灯笼
45. tradition n.传统
46. reflect v.显示，表明，表达
47. attitude n.态度；看法
48. respect n.尊重
49. description n.描述
短语部分：
50. video clip 视频片段；视频剪辑
51. time capsule 时间文物贮藏器（收藏具有时代特征的物品）；时间胶囊
52. in all 总共
53. hula hoop 呼啦圈
54. well off 富有的；富裕的
55. be keen on 喜爱，对……着迷；有兴趣
56. paper towel 厚纸巾
57. be ashamed of 为……感到羞愧
58. on behalf of 代表……
59. refer to 描述；涉及；与……相关
60. Chinese knot 中国结
61. dragon boat 龙舟；龙船
课文部分：
Life in a day
What do you love What do you fear What’s in your pocket These are the questions from the film Life in a Day. Director Kevin Macdonald asked people around the world to answer the questions and send in a video clip from a typical day. He was interested in creating a picture of the world, a digital time capsule for the future. On 24 July 2010, people from Africa, Europe, America, Antarctica and Asia recorded events on their mobile phones and digital cameras and uploaded them onto the Internet. In all there were 81,000 video clips. It took Macdonald and a team of researchers seven weeks to make them into a film.
【参考译文】
你喜欢什么 你害怕什么 在你的口袋里是什么 这些问题来自电影《一天的生活》。导演凯文·麦克唐纳要求世界各地的人们回答这些问题，并发送一条有代表性一天的视频片段。他对创造一幅世界图景感兴趣，一个未来的数字时间胶囊。2010年7月24日，来自非洲、欧洲、美洲、南极洲和亚洲的人们用手机和数码相机记录下日常琐事并上传到互联网上。总共有81000个视频片段。麦克唐纳和一组研究人员花了7周的时间将其拍成电影。
The film starts at midnight. The moon is high in the sky, elephants are washing themselves in a river in Africa and a baby is sleeping. At the same time, in other parts of the world, people are getting up, brushing their teeth and making breakfast. In the next minutes of the one-and-a-half-hour-long film, we watch everyday routines from more than 140 different countries and see the connections between them. In one short scene an American girl is playing with her hula hoop. In another, a child is working at a shoeshine stand in Peru. One looks well off, the other is poor, but then the shoeshine boy shows us his favorite thing—his notebook computer. He’s very proud of it because he earned the money to pay for it.
参考译文：
电影于午夜开始。月亮高高地挂在天空中，大象在非洲的一条河里洗澡，一个婴儿在睡觉。与此同时，在世界的其他地方，人们起床，刷牙，做早餐。在这部长达一个半小时的影片中，接下来的几分钟，我们将看到来自140多个国家的人们的日常生活，以及它们之间的联系。在一个简短的场景中，一个美国女孩正在玩她的呼啦圈。在另一幅画中，秘鲁的一个小孩在擦鞋摊工作。一个看起来很富裕，另一个很穷，但是后来擦鞋童向我们展示了他最喜欢的东西——他的笔记本电脑。他很自豪，因为是他自己挣钱买来的。
“We all care about the same things,” says the director and in some ways he’s right. Family and friends are the things most people love and many of them are keen on sports, like football. But then one man says he loves his cat and another loves his fridge because it doesn’t talk back!
参考译文:
“我们都关心同样的事情，”导演说，在某些方面他是对的。家人和朋友是大多数人所喜欢的，他们中的许多人热衷于运动，比如足球。但是，一个人说他爱他的猫，另一个人说他爱他的冰箱，因为它不会顶嘴!
Monsters, dogs and death are the things most people fear. （该句为定语从句，省略了作为宾语成分的关系
代词that）One young girl is worried about growing up and a man in Antarctica says, “I’m afraid of losing this place.” But when asked, “What’s in your pocket ”, the answers are surprising. We don’t see an ID card, a shopping list, or a bus ticket. Instead, one person has a paper towel, and another shows us a button. A poor man says he has nothing. He’s not ashamed of his poverty—he’s simply happy to be alive.
参考译文：
怪物、狗和死亡是大多数人害怕的东西。一个年轻的女孩担心长大，一个在南极洲的男人说:“我害怕失去这个地方。但是当被问到“你口袋里有什么 ”，答案令人惊讶。我们看不到身份证、购物清单或公交车票。相反，一个人拿着纸巾，另一个人给我们看一枚纽扣。穷人说他一无所有。他并不为自己的贫穷感到羞耻——他仅因为能活着就感到高兴了。
The film ends just before midnight, with a young woman in her car. It’s raining outside and she’s recording a short clip on her phone. “I just want people to know that I’m here,” she says. In other words, she wants to show that her life matters（mattter是高中阶段常考的几个不及物动词之一，翻译成“有关系；重要”）.
参考译文：
电影在午夜前结束，一个年轻的女人在她的车里。外面下着雨，她正在用手机录一段短片。“我只是想让人们知道我在这里，”她说。换句话说，她想表明她的生命很重要。
Even though their lives are very different, the people in Life in a Day have one thing in common: each of them is able to find meaning and happiness, no matter what his or her life is like（该句为no matter引导的让步状语从句，此处no matter what可以将其替换为 whatever，翻译时注意把后句提前翻译。）.
参考译文：
即使他们的生活是非常不同的，人们在一天的生活中有一个共同点:他们每个人都能找到意义和幸福，无论他或她的生活是什么样子。
【课堂练习】
I. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases from the box below. Change the form where necessary.
A. volunteer B. routine C. particular D. inspire E. challenge F. scene G. reflect H. acquire I. typical J. unique K. domestic
1. The carvings represent a hunting .
这些雕刻作品描绘了一幅狩猎的场面。
2. The new government's first is the economy.
新政府面临的第一项挑战是经济。
3. The ocean would more heat and light.
海洋会反射更多的光和热。
4. Ted was very about the colours he used.
特德对于他使用的颜色是非常挑剔的。
5. Aunt Mary to clean up the kitchen.
玛丽姨妈主动要求打扫厨房。
6. Administrative personnel should also some technical skills.
管理人员也应该学几门手艺。
7. The window had been replaced last week during maintenance.
那窗在上星期的例行检修中已被换掉了。
8. This success will me to greater efforts.
这次成功大大地鼓励了我下次更加努力。
9. This painting is a work of Rembrandt(伦勃朗).
这幅画是一幅典型的伦勃朗作品。
10. Mary is a very interesting person who has her interpretation of life.
玛丽是一个非常有趣的人，她对生活有着独特的理解。
II.Fill in the blanks with the phrases from the box below.
well off; be keen on; be ashamed of; in all ; on behalf of ; refer to
1.They would never ___________ that matter again.
2. You should ______________ yourself for telling such lies.
3. In addition, a hero must be optimistic and diligent and__________ his hard work.
4. It won't be long before the Chinese people will become _______________.
5. Please allow me to thank you for your offer of help ________________my colleagues.
Grammar
现在进行时的被动语态
现在进行时的被动语态由“be being＋及物动词的过去分词”构成, 助动词be有人称和数的变化(am, is are ).
表示此刻正在进行的被动动作。
The project is being discussed at the meeting.
A new film is being shown in the theater.
My house is being painted now.
表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作，但此动作不一定在此时此刻发生。
Many interesting experiences are being carried out these days.
A modern school is being built in our hometown.
A computer center is being built for the students
表示经常的被动行为，常和always, often, constantly 等词连用。(表达某种感彩)
He is always being praised by the teacher.
一. 注意不可遗漏being
现在进行时的被动语态表示说话时正在进行的一个被动的动作,强调主语是动作的承受者,其构成为“am / is / are + being+动词的过去分词”。如果我们把being漏掉,就成为一般现在时的被动语态或系表结构。
如: Look! The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 瞧!那些孩子正由他们的姑妈照看着。
区别：Children are taken good care of at school. 孩子们在学校被照看得很好。(指通常情况)
二. 注意不可忽视 “现阶段”
现在进行时的被动语态也可表示目前这一阶段正在进行的一个被动的动作。
如: Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days.
如今许多有趣的实验正在被进行着。(说话时, 并不一定在进行)
注意没有现在进行时的被动语态的动词
一些表示“状态、心理活动、拥有、存在”等的动词, 一般不用现在进行时的被动语态, 而常用一般现在时的被动语态。如:
Xiao Wang, come here. You are wanted on the phone. 小王, 过来, 有你的电话。
Football is becoming more and more popular. In other words, it is loved by more and more people. 足球现在越来越流行了, 换句话说,它被越来越多的人喜爱。
四. 注意“be +under/ in等介词+名词”结构可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。
如:The problem is under discussion (is being discussed) at the meeting. 这个问题正在会上讨论。
The telephone is in use (=is being used) now. 这部电话正在使用中。
当堂检测
I. 单项选择
1. The milu deer ______ at the research center at present.
A. was being studied B. will be studied
C. is being studied D. have been studied
2. We can hear that the papers _______ quickly on fast-moving printing machines.
A. will be printed B. were being printed
C. have been printed D. are being printed
3. Money _______ for the nature project.
A. was collected B. have been collected
C. is being collected D. are being collected
4. He said his father ______ abroad the next year.
A. has been sent B. is being sent
C. will be sent D. would be sent
5. The plan that he made a few days ago ______ now.
A. has been carried out B. is being carried out
C. will be carried out D. was being carried out
6. —Where is the panda
—It______ by the doctor.
A. was being examined B. is being examined
C. will be examined D. has been examined
7. We can't watch TV tonight because it _______.
A. has been repaired B. hasn't been repaired
C. was being repaired D. hadn't been repaired
8. Every boy and every girl ______ equally in China now.
A. is being treated B. are being treated
C. treat D. are treated
9. More than one patient ______ by the nurse at the moment.
A. are being taken care of B. is being taken care of
C. are taken care of D. is take care of
10. The meeting ______ now is of great importance.
A. held B. being held C. is being held D. will be held
11. She is one of the girls in our class who ______ for the coming sports meeting now.
A. is being trained B. are trained C. is training D. are being trained
12. All that ______ about right now should not be let out.
A. are talked B. is being talked C. is talked D. are being talked
13. The poor _______ to live on their own labour at the very moment.
A. is helped B. are helped C. are being helped D. is being helped
14. The world_______ by man himself now.
A. is being destroyed B. are being destroyed C. has been destroyed D. will be destroyed
15. A pair of shoes _______ ; they can't be used now.
A. are being mended B. is being mended C. is mended D. are mended
16. ---- Hi, Tom, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon --- Sorry. _____.
A. It’s repaired B. It has been repaired C. It’s being repaired D.It had been repaired
II. 用所给词的适当形式填空
New functions _________________ (add) to the camera at present.
Many speeches _________________ (hold) in our school these days.
I don’t know what time it is now. My watch _________________ (repair)
A new stadium ___________________ (build). They hope to finish it next month.
--- Do you like the material -- Yes, it ____________ (feel) very soft.
The bridge which ______________ (build) last year ____________ (look) beautiful.
The camera you _______________ (use) now ______________ (belong) to me.
One third of the class ___________________ (question) by the teachers now.
---- What’s that noise ---- Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine _______________ (test).
Look! The foreign guests ____________________ (show) around the factory by Mr. Zhang.
III. Translation（使用被动语态）
1. 熊猫正受到人们的保护。
2. 这个事件正受到更多的关注。
3. 这个学校正接受市长的检查。
4. 你知道你的眼睛正受到电脑的危害吗？
5. 看！越来越多的人正被你的话影响。
Unit 1 课后练习
词汇填空
A) challenge B) honor C)financially D) shock E) controlling
F)broaden G) manage H) pushed I) experiences J) abroad K）appreciating
Each year, thousands of Chinese middle school students go to study in foreign countries such as the US, the UK, Australia and Japan.
“Chinese children hope very much to go abroad to get a wider view, less competition in studying, or family ___1____” said ChenYi, a Chinese writer, who had lived in the US for 16 years. In the talk, Chen told more than 300 parents and their children that life in foreign countries could be hard for young people. “They have to face a culture ___2___ and language problems.”
However, these are not always the most difficult things. To most children, ___3____ themselves while studying alone in a foreign country is a big ____4_____.
Zhang Jia, a 16-year-old student entered a high school in Melbourne, Australia last October. To his surprise, his teachers there hardly ___5_____ students to study. And usually there wasn’t any homework.
“In this educational system, we have more free time and space to think,” said Zhang. “But if you don’t know how to ___6____ your time and money, you will not live an easy life.” Some of his friends spent their whole year’s money in the first two months of the new term. And they didn’t pass their exams either.
“Studying ____7_____ at an early age can help students learn foreign languages quickly and ___8____ their minds. But the students and parents should know about the challenges,” Chen said. “If you want to study abroad, try to talk to someone with ___9___ in foreign countries. Make sure that you are ready for it both mentally and ___10_____”
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
II、完形填空
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
A recent study has shown that levels of __50__ illness in children are rising. The study claims that mental problems such as depression and anxiety are affecting one in five __51__. One of the reasons given for this is the current preoccupation ( 极其关注) of parents with their children’s __52__.
Parents today consider the streets too dangerous for their children so children are taken from home to __53__ and back, and their parents rarely let them go out __54__ their own.
This preoccupation has two causes: fear of __55 accidents and anxiety about child molesters ( 骚扰者) and
murderers on the streets. Parents’ fears make their children anxious about the outside world and children in turn __56__ the normal adventures of everyday life. __57__, they don’t learn how to form __58__ with other children. Anxiety makes children often become victims of bullies and their fears are, therefore, realized and even increased. It is a vicious (恶性的) __59__.
It is a fact, however, that children could be experiencing these fears unnecessarily. __60__ parents may think a child molester lurks ( 潜藏) round every corner, this is not __61__ by statistics: very few children are attacked by people they don’t know.
The fear of traffic accidents is certainly more real but it is something that needs to be addressed by society in general. Some cities in the Netherlands, for example, have created traffic-free zones and pedes-trian-friendly zones, __62__ cars, if allowed, must give priority to people and bicycles. Children can, therefore, play more safely in these areas.
There are, however, critics of this study. Many child psychologists believe that this lack of __63__ is not enough to cause mental problems. They consider the problems more __64__ to be a result of family breakdown in modern society.
50. A. serious B. mental C. bodily D. brief
51. A. days B. cases C. youngsters D. parents
52. A. study B. job C. life D. safety
53. A. home B. office C. company D. school
54. A. by B. on C. for D. with
55. A. air B. railway C. traffic D. sudden
56. A. meet B. take C. miss D. find
57. A. In addition B. In contrast C. In fact D. In particular
58. A. habit B. care C. study D. relationships
59. A. circle B. way C. sign D. source
60. A. If B. Where C. While D. What
61. A. raised B. supported C. decided D. improved
62. A. with B. when C. whether D. where
63. A. courage B. attention C. focus D. independence
64. A. likely B. like C. probably D. possibly
III、阅读理解
A
Secretary
Jenny loves office work but it’s hard on her figure. All those sandwich lunches and her sweet tooth added up to extra pounds till Jenny started slimming (减食疗法) with Bisks.
Every lunchtime she’d have a Bisks chocolate bar with a glass of milk. It filled her up and satisfied her longings for sweet things. And it was also convenient.
She watched what she ate at her other meals and soon she was losing weight. Now Jenny’s feeling and looking so good even her boss notices the difference. That was her proof that Bisks work.
Housewife
A lively little lady called Elizabeth and her hungry husband always cooked big, filling meals. And when he cooked them, she couldn’t resist eating them, which led to her weight getting out of hand. So Elizabeth tried slimming with Bisks.
Bisks offered her 24 different flavors of biscuits and chocolate. Some sweet and some delicious. When she ate them instead of a meal, they were really filling and satisfying. She hardly ever felt hungry and soon she began to lose weight.
Now Elizabeth’s back to what she weighed at her wedding. And she knows that Bisks work.
Student
Sue’s first year at college was her first opportunity to cook for herself. But she didn’t. She ate whatever the dining-room had offered. Pretty soon, Sue had a weight problem, a problem she worked out with Bisks.
Sue had Bisks instead of a meal because there was nothing to cook. The Bisks flavors were so delicious. She really enjoyed them. And she ate more sensibly at her other meals.
In a few weeks Sue had lost weight. Now she’s even taking a class in cooking.
That’s her proof that Bisks work.
1. What is the passage
A. A story. B. A book review. C. An advertisement. D. A scientific article.
2. Sue started going to cooking lessons when ____________.
A. she entered college B. she had a weight problem
C. she didn’t enjoy Bisks D. she’d lost her extra weight
3. The main purpose of the passage is to ______.
A. give proof that Bisks work on slimming
B. ask people to pay attention to their figures while working
C. show people different flavors of biscuits
D. show different people have different slimming ways
B
The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise (有氧运动). Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize on this emerging interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females.
A number of fitness spas existed prior to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their focus was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, strength, and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts. These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested
that weight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly popular for males and for females. Many current programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well.
Historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics. However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now recommends that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans. Increased participation in such training is one of the specific physical activity and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives.
4. The word “spas” most probably means “______”.
A. sports activities B. places for physical exercise
C. recreation centers D. athletic training programs
5. Early fitness spas were intended mainly for _____________.
A. the promotion of aerobic exercise B. endurance and muscular development
C. the improvement of women’s figures D. better performance in aerobic dancing
6. What was the attitude of doctors towards weight training in health improvement previously
A. Positive. B. Indifferent. C. Negative. D. Cautious
7. Recent studies have suggested that weight training ______.
A. had become an essential part of people’s life
B. may well affect the health of the trainees
C. will attract more people in the days to come
D. contributes to health improvement as well
C
Adding math talk to story time at home is a winning equation for children's math achievement, according to a new research from the University of Chicago. The study from psychologists Sian Beilock and Susan Levine shows a marked increase in math achievement among children whose families used Bedtime Math, an iPad app that delivers engaging math story problems for parents and children to solve together.
Even children who used the app with their parents as little as once a week saw gains in math achievement by the end of the school year. The app's effect was especially strong for children whose parents tend to be anxious or uncomfortable with math.
Previous research from this group has demonstrated the importance of adults’ attitudes about math for children's math success. For example, a recent study found that math-anxious parents who help their children with math homework actually weaken their children’s math achievement.
The new findings demonstrate that structured, positive interactions around math at home can cut the link between parents’ uneasiness about math and children's low math achievement.
“Many Americans experience high levels of anxiety when they have to solve a math problem, with a majority of adults feeling at least some worries about math,” said Beilock, professor in Psychology and author of Choke, a book about stress and performance. “These math-anxious parents are probably less likely to talk about math at home, which affects how competent their children are in math. Bedtime Math encourages a dialogue between parents and kids about math, and offers a way to engage in high-quality math interactions in a low-effort, high-impact way.”
Study participants included 587 first-grade students and their parents. Families were given an iPad installed with a version of the Bedtime Math app, with which parents and their children read stories and answer questions involving math, including topics like counting, shapes and problem-solving. A control group received a reading app that had similar stories without the math content and questions related to reading comprehension instead. Children's math achievement was assessed at the beginning and end of the school year. Parents completed a questionnaire about their nervousness with math.
The more times parents and children in the math group used the app, the higher children’s achievement on a math assessment at the end of the school year. Indeed, children who frequently used the math app with their parents outperformed similar students in the reading group by almost three months in math achievement at year's end.
8.Bedtime Math is an iPad app that _____.
A. requires parents and children to answer reading comprehension questions
B. assesses children’s math achievement and parents’ nervousness with math
C. teaches children how to count, recognize shapes and solve practical problems
D. encourages children together with their parents to solve math story problems
9.The previous study found that _____.
A. help from math-anxious parents improves children’s math achievement
B. children’ math achievement is related to parents’ attitude about math
C. interactions around math at home will cut off the family relationship
D. children can achieve more success if they see the importance of math
10.We can infer from the passage that ______.
A. children using app for three months can see gains in math achievement
B. children whose parents are uneasy about math outperform other students
C. it is the math problems related to the stories that make the great difference
D. the frequency of using the app has nothing to do with children’s achievement
11.Which is the best title for the passage
A. High-quality math interactions improve performance.
B. Frequent use of app can develop problem solving ability.
C. Low-effort activities create good parent-child relationship.
D. High-anxiety parents influence children’s attitude about math.
IV、阅读六选四
Directions: Read fee passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. You are only allowed to purchase a firearm if you have had a background check and meet certain legal requirements. B. There have been many enlightening articles on gun control in America. C. If you were to visit the United States for two months the only gun you might see is in a museum or on a police officer. D. Less than fifty percent of homes in the United States own weapons, and many of those homes are in rural areas where guns may have a greater use. E. More people are deciding to legalize their gun transactions instead of buying them on the black market. F. What alarms people the most about American gun culture are the illegal guns and shooting, which make some places feel unsafe．
Guns have a special place in American culture, and though not everyone agrees on whether or not they are a good thing, there is no mistaking that they will be part of the cultural landscape for some time. To answer the question, no, not everyone has a gun. ___________67___________
Americans use guns for one of two uses: either for sport, where they can use them on firing ranges or for hunting in approved areas, or for self-protection. The latter is where most people begin to take sides, either arguing for the removal of guns from society or allowing more people to have them. There are organizations and community groups for both sides and both sides have strong feelings.
Legally, there are restrictions on gun owners. ___________68___________ Only certain kinds of weapons can be purchased by the public, and that excludes automatic weapon and military grade weaponry. Gun owners must transport their weapon in a safe way, unloaded and in most cases, out of sight. Special―concealed carry permits from the police station must be obtained for people who want to wear weapon, and most people are rejected for this kind of permit. ___________69___________ Criminals steal guns or buy them illegally to commit crimes, and the news is full of terrible stories of what happened next. Occasionally a child will get a hold of legal weapon and accidentally hurt themselves or others.
It is important to remember, however, that the news stories that make the United States seem like a dangerous place are deceiving; guns are not everywhere or constant. ___________70___________ After all, America is a safe place to live.
V、Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
多亏了你及时的帮助，我们才成功地完成了任务。（thanks to）
__________________________________________________________________________________
你可以自由自在地去做任何你想做的事。( be free to )
__________________________________________________________________________________
进一步争辩没有意义，起不了多大作用。（ point）
__________________________________________________________________________________
我们的目的是让所有来我们商店的顾客满意。（aim at）
__________________________________________________________________________________
那个年轻人从他父亲的忠告中受益颇多。(benefit)
__________________________________________________________________________________
VI、Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in about 120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
以师生关系为题写一篇英语短文，内容要点如下：
1． 良好的师生关系对教和学两方面都非常重要。师生关系融洽才能合作好。
2． 理想的师生关系依赖于双方的共同努力。学生应尊重老师，有礼貌，而且应听从老师有益的建议；老师也应该善待学生，公平耐心地对待每一个学生，对教学负责并帮助有困难的学生。
3． 双方友好相处，可以消除误解并提高课堂效率。
Relationships between Teachers and Students
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 2 Places
词汇部分：
1. destination n.目的地
2. million num.一百万
3. amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的
4. historic adj.历史上重要的
5. site n.地点
6. former adj.以前的
7. poetry n.诗歌；诗作
8. basis n.基础；要素
9. court n.宫殿
10. originally adv.原先；起初
11. defence n.防御
12. nowadays adv.当前；目前
13. view n.景色，风景
14. memory n.回忆；记忆
15. contribute v.捐献
16. scientific adj.科学（上）的
17. admire v.钦佩
18. statue n.雕塑，雕像
19. fancy adj.昂贵的；奢华的
20. feature n.特色；特征；特点
21. position n.地位
22. opportunity n.机会；时机
23. transport n.交通运输系统
24. disappoint v.使失望
25. structure n.结构；构造
26. sculpture n.雕像；雕塑品
27. weapon n.武器；兵器
28. crowded adj.人多的；拥挤的
29. indicate v.表明；显示
30. afterwards adv.以后；后来
31. downtown adv.在市中心，往市中心
32. moment n.某一时刻
33. envelope n.信封
34. cafe n.咖啡馆，小餐馆
35. vote v.投票
36. chat v.闲聊；聊天
37. nowhere adv.无处；哪里都不
38. embarrassed adj.窘迫的，尴尬的
39. shocked adj.震惊的
40. opinion n.意见；想法；看法
41. blog n.博客
42. settle v.定居
43. adventure n.冒险；冒险的经历
44. energetic adj.精力充沛的
45. origin n.起源；源头
46. desert n.沙漠
47. entrance n.入口
48. battle n.战役；战斗
49. altogether adv.总共，一共
短语部分：
50. belong to 属于某人；归某人所有
51. in case 以防；以防万一
52. in the distance 在远方
53. a variety of 各种各样的
54. prime minister 首相；总理
课文部分：
Where history comes alive
Xi’an, China
Xi’an is no doubt one of the most popular tourist destinations in China. Every year, millions of travelers visit the Terracotta Army of Emperor Qin Shihuang about 42 kilometres from the city centre, which is one of the most amazing historic sites in the world（该处是定语从句修饰前面的the Terracotta Army of Emperor Qin Shihuang，虽然未紧跟先行词，但它依然是限定性定从，和非限定性定从注意形式和从意义上综合区分。）.
参考译文：
西安无疑是中国最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一。每年，数以百万计的游客参观距离市中心42公里处的秦始皇兵马俑，它是世界上最令人惊叹的历史遗迹之一。
As one of China’s great former capitals, Xi’an grew to be the largest city in the world during the Tang Dynasty, a golden age of art and poetry. （as翻译成作为时是介词；此外它还可以做连词，引导时间、原因状语从句；as又可作为关系代词，在一些固定搭配中引导定从，例如as we all know） Chang’an, as it was known at the time, was the starting point of the Silk Road, which connected China to the world. It was here that Xuan Zang set out on his famous travels, which became the basis of Journey to the West. Historic sites from that time include the two Wide Goose Pagodas and the remains of the Daming Palace, which was the centre of the Tang court.
参考译文：
作为中国伟大的前首都之一，西安在唐朝发展成为世界上最大的城市，唐朝是艺术和诗歌的黄金时代。当时的长安是连接中国与世界的丝绸之路的起点。正是在这里，玄奘开始了他著名的旅行，这也成为了《西游记》的基础。从那时起，包括两个宽鹅塔和大明宫遗址的历史遗迹，便是唐代宫廷的中心。
Today, Xi’an is a modern city, at the heart of China’s Belt and Road initiative, but its long history can be seen everywhere: it is one of the few cities in the world that still have city walls. The wall, almost 14 kilometres in length, was originally built for the purpose of defence, but nowadays, it’s a great way to experience Xi’an: from here,you can get an amazing view of the city.
参考译文：
今天，西安是一座现代城市，处于中国“一带一路”倡议的中心，但它的悠久历史随处可见:它是世界上少数几个仍保留着城墙的城市之一。城墙长约14公里，最初是为了防御而建造的，但现在，它是体验西安的一个好方法:从这里，你可以看到这个城市令人叹为观止的景色。
Florence, Italy
Florence, one of the famous historic cities in Italy,（插入语，也是同位语，解释说明弗洛伦萨，写作文时可以参考这种写法。） is the birthplace of many amazing ideas and discoveries!
Florence’s history is alive with the memory of a time when art, culture and science were being “reborn”. (由关
系副词when引导的定语从句。) In the late 13th century, the Renaissance began here before spreading to the rest of Europe. At that time, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci and Galileo were some of the people living, working and studying in Florence. During this period, they, along with other great minds, contributed valuable artworks and made important scientific discoveries.
参考译文：
佛罗伦萨，意大利著名的历史名城之一，是许多惊人的想法和发现的诞生地!
佛罗伦萨的历史充满了对艺术、文化和科学“重生”时期的记忆。13世纪晚期，文艺复兴在蔓延到欧洲其他地区之前就在这里开始了。当时，米开朗基罗、达芬奇和伽利略就是在佛罗伦萨生活、工作和学习的一些人。在这一时期，他们和其他伟人一起贡献了有价值的艺术品，做出了科学上的重要发现。
Florence is filled with art, science and history museums and ancient buildings, as well as historic universities. (and的升级版，写作文时可以参考该用法。) You can visit many of these places to experience and admire the amazing work and discoveries that happened during the Renaissance period. An example is Michelangelo’s famous statue David, which he completed between 1501 and 1504. (用逗号隔开的定语从句，该处逗号的作用是表示停顿和强调。) Another must-see is the University of Florence. It was started in 1321 and many famous people studied there in the Renaissance period, including Leonardo da Vinci.
参考译文：
佛罗伦萨到处都是艺术、科学和历史博物馆和古建筑，还有历史悠久的大学。你可以参观这些地方，体验和欣赏文艺复兴时期的惊人工作和发现。米开朗基罗著名的大卫雕像就是一个例子，这是他在1501年到1504年间完成的。另一个必去的地方是佛罗伦萨大学。它始建于1321年，文艺复兴时期许多名人都在这里学习过，包括列奥纳多·达·芬奇。
In Florence today you can experience the old and the new. Historic sites are neighbours with fancy restaurants and high-end shops. (experience是动词经历、体验的意思，亦可做名词，表示经历和经验，做“经验”时是不可数名词；常用的固定搭配是“be experienced in…”在某方面有经验。) While you are trying the delicious local food, you can decide which interesting places to visit next. (while此处引导时间状语从句，表示当……的时候，表示正在发生的动作；做连词时它还有其他义项：表让步以及对比，此时多不翻译出来。)
参考译文：
在今天的佛罗伦萨，你可以体验旧与新。历史遗迹与高档餐厅和高档商店毗邻。当你在品尝美味的当地食物时，你可以决定参观下一个哪些有趣的地方。
【课堂练习】
I. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases from the box below. Change the form where necessary.
structure contribute downtown embarrassed fancy deserve featured historic admire origin disappoint
1. I was really , but then I saw the funny side of it.
我确实感到尴尬，但接着我发现了事情好笑的一面。
2. Jon in one of the show's most thrilling episodes.
乔恩主演了该剧中最惊悚的几集之一。
3. What I is not what you have, but what you are.
我所羡慕的不是你所拥有的东西，而是你是什么。
4. On the social level, improvement in the quality of life can greatly to social harmony.
在社会层面，生活质量的提高非常有助于社会和谐。
5. The of the Dragon Boat Festival is to recall the soul of Qu Yuan.
龙舟节的起源是为了缅怀屈原的灵魂。
6. We are living in a great era.
我们正处在一个伟大的历史时代。
7. There is heavy traffic in the area tonight.
今夜闹市区交通繁忙。
8. The magazine was packaged in a plastic case with attractive graphics.
这本杂志装在一个带有漂亮图纹的别致塑料盒子里。
9. Her decision to cancel the concert is bound to her fans.
她决定取消这场音乐会，肯定会使她的歌迷失望。
10. Doctors study the of the human body.
医生研究人体构造。
II.Fill in the blanks with the phrases from the box below.
belong to；contribute to; in case；in the distance；a variety of
1. People change their mind for ____________reasons.
2. The figures ______________ seemed to be drawing closer.
3. Extra boiling water should be kept at hand just __________ it is needed.
4. You can’t take away these magazines which ________ our school library.
5. On the social level, improvement in the quality of life can social harmony greatly.
Grammar
过去将来时讲解与练习
过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。过去将来时常用“would + 动词原形”或“was / were going to + 动词原形”来表达。
用 法 例 句 特别提示
表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 I didn’t know when he would go to the park. He said that he would wait for me at the school gate. 此种情况常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。
用“was / were going to + 动词原形”，“was / were about to + 动词原形”表示将来的动作或状态。 She told me she was going to fly to Yunnan. I was about to leave the house when the telephone rang. 和一般将来时一样，也可用相应的其他形式表示。
过去进行时态有时可用来表示过去将来。 He said the train was leaving at five the next morning. He said he was coming to see me. 常见于come, go等瞬间动词。
过去将来时的基本特征，也就是我么年今天所谈到的“立足过去，着眼未来”。它表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的某个动作或存在的某种状态。
例如：Mary told me that she would go to Shanghai by plane. 玛丽告诉我说她将要坐飞机去上海。
基本构成：
A ) would + 动词原形
如：He asked me if I would stay here. 他问我是否要待在这儿。
B ) was / were going to + 动词原形
如：No one knew when he was going to finish his homework. 没有人知道他什么时候会完成作业。
C ) was/ were ( about ) to + 动词原形
如：He said that they were to leave at six. 他说他们将于6点动身。
She said that the meeting was about to begin. 她说会议就要开始了
D) come, go, arrive, leave, die 等瞬时动词，用在过去进行时态中表示过去将来。
如：She told us that she was leaving for Yunnan. 她告诉我们她将要去云南。
基本用法:
A ) 主句为过去时，宾语从句常表示将要发生的事情。
如：Nobody knew what would happen after a hundred years. 没有人知道一百年之后将会发生什么事。
We wanted to know whether she was going to speak at the meeting.
我们想知道她是否准备在会上发言。
B ) 在叙述过去的事情或事情发生的经过时，用过去将来时表示在当时看将来会发生的事。
如：It was a Sunday afternoon. A young woman named Maria had just left school. He was going to start to work the next week, so she decided to buy some new clothes and a new pair of shoes.
一个星期天的下午，一位名叫玛丽亚的年轻人刚离开学校。因为她准备下周开始工作，所以，决定买些新衣服和一双新鞋子。
C ) 过去将来时还可以用来表示非真实的动作或状态。
如：If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Harvard University.
如果我有机会出国学习的话，我就会去哈佛大学。
I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight. 今晚他能和我一起去看电影就好了。
当堂检测
I. 选择填空
1. Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian _____to China next month.
A. as; come B. was; would come C. would be; came D. will be; come
2. Jenny said she _____her holiday in China.
A. spent B. would spent C. was going to spent D. would spend
3. —What did your son say in the letter
—He told me that he ______ the Disney World the next day.
A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit
4. I hoped Tina ______ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.
A. to come B. is coming C. will come D. was coming
5. Father said that he ______ me to Beijing the next year.
A. took B. would take C. takes D. will take
6. We were not sure whether they ______ more vegetables.
A. are going to grow B. were going to grow C. will grow D. have grown
7. She ______ to work when the telephone rang.
A. is going B. will go C. was about to go D. is to go
II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Miss Zhang said she __________________(visit) the Great Wall next summer.
2. She told him that she __________________(not stay) here for long.
3. I wasn’t sure whether Lucy______________________(come) the next year.
4. The scientists said the world’s population ______________________ (slow) down in future.
5. She said the bus ___________________________ (leave) at five the next morning.
6. I wasn't sure whether he __________________________ (lend) me his book the next morning.
7. He was fifty-six. In two years he ___________________________(be) fifty-eight.
8. Whenever she has time, she __________________________(help) them in their work.
III.Translation
医生说Jack几天内就会痊愈。(用过去将来时)
贝蒂说下周六她要去参观长城。(用过去将来时)
这家超市的特色是24小时服务。(feature)
他们同意尽量通过谈判解决他们之间的纠纷。(settle)
这是用这种语言创作的最具想像力的原创作品之一。(original)
Unit 2 课后练习
I. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Are you on a diet Then maybe you should consider (1)_________(sit) by the window the next time you eat out. A new book claims that (2)________ you sit in a restaurant can affect how much you consume.
A new research found that people sitting farthest from the front door ate the fewest salads and were 73 percent (3)________(likely) to order dessert.
Those seated at a dark table ate heavier food and ordered more of it (4)______ diners seated at bright bar tables ordered more salads and fewer desserts.
According to the researchers, the darker it is, the more invisible you (5)______ feel, the less easy it is to see how much you’re eating and the less guilty you are when you eat more.
In contrast, (6) ________(see) the sunlight, people or trees outside might make you more conscious of (7)________ you look, might make you think about walking or might make you want a green salad.
The researchers also noted that slim diners chewed around 15 times per mouthful, three chews more than heavier diners. By eating more slowly, the diner consumes less in the time (8)_________ takes for the brain to register satisfaction.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. misleading B. relatively C. teamed D. doubled E. encouraging F. guidance
G. reviews H. reasonable I. cultivate J. proposed K. annually
No More Food Waste
Last week Meituan co-published a proposal with a number of business organizations, including the China General Chamber of Commerce and China Cuisine Association, calling on restaurants to stop food waste and help
(1)________new eating habits for customers.
“Restaurants should innovate means of publicity using official accounts on social media and live-streaming to promote and advocate food-saving actions,” the proposal said.
Meituan and the organizations are advocating that merchants offer (2)________ to consumers, including reminding them during the ordering process about the taste of the ingredients, portion sizes and other information about the dishes, to help them avoid food waste due to (3)________ information.
Catering associations in more than 18 provinces have also joined the campaign to eliminate food waste. On Friday the China Cuisine Association announced that it had (4)________ up with Ele.me, the Alibaba Group Holding-owned food delivery platform, to launch a “half-dish plan”, (5) ________restaurants to provide customers with the option to order smaller portions.
The Wuhan Catering Association (6)________ an “N-1” ordering code for restaurants in which a group of 10 diners would only order enough for nine people. More food is only brought to the table if required.
To curb(限制) portrayals of food waste on social media platforms, popular Chinese video platforms such as Douyin and Kuaishou have stepped up content (7)________ of food-related live streams and implemented regulation of online eating shows.
Now if users search certain keywords, such as “eating show” or “competitive eaters”, a cautionary message pops up to remind them to cherish food and maintain a (8)________diet.
Across the country, about 40% of all the food Americans buy ends up in the trash. That food waste costs the average family of four about $1,500 (9)________. It also takes up valuable space in landfills.
The state of Vermont has long been a leader in environmental issues. Now it has just (10)________down on its bid to get Vermonters to rethink their relationship with food and waste.
As of July 1st, it became the first state in the nation to make it illegal for residents to throw their food scraps into the trash. That means everyone in the state from businesses to residents must now keep their food waste out of the garbage.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Processed foods like chips, soda and frozen pizzas are full of salt, sugar and fat. Now scientists are trying to understand if there is something else about such foods that may be bad for humans. Scientists have already linked low-cost, __1__ foods to rising obesity rates around the world. Three recent studies offer more __2__ on how our increasingly industrialized food supply may be affecting our health.
What does processed food __3__
The researchers created a system that places foods into four groups. The system says highly processed foods are made __4__ of industrialized materials and additives. Sodas, packaged cookies, instant noodles and chicken nuggets are some examples of highly processed foods. But also included are products that can __5__ healthy, such as morning cereals, energy bars and some kinds of yogurt.
What's wrong with processed foods
Researchers at the National Institutes of Health conducted a four-week study involving 20 people. They found that people eat about 500 more calories a day when __6__ mostly processed foods. That is compared with when the __7__ people were given less processed foods. The researchers permitted the 20 participants to eat as much or as little as they wanted. They were taken to a medical center so their health and behavior could be __8__.
In another study, researchers in France found people who ate more processed foods were more likely to have heart disease. A similar study in Spain linked eating more processed foods to a higher risk of death __9__.
What is it about processed foods
When given less processed foods, people in the study __10__ more of a hormone that controls hunger, and less of a hormone that causes hunger. The reason for the __11__ is not clear. The scientists also found that people ate processed foods more quickly.
Kevin Hall is one of the researchers who led the study. He told the AP that processed foods are __12__ softer and easier to chew and swallow. Hall noted the source of nutrients might __13__. For example, fiber from whole fruits and vegetables may be better for making people feel full than fiber added to packaged foods such as energy bars and yogurt.
What should you eat
Avoiding processed foods can be hard, __14__ for people with limited time and money. Processed foods can also take many forms. __15__, companies continually re-engineer products to make them seem healthier. The newest studies may provide more reasons to avoid processed foods. But, they also call attention to the difficulty of coming up with ways to do that.
1. A. organic B. delicious C. packaged D. cheap
2. A. examples B. clues C. hints D. signals
3. A. provide B. suggest C. mean D. infer
4. A. specially B. mostly C. naturally D. technically
5. A. remain B. taste C. become D. seem
6. A. consumed B. forced C. deprived D. fed
7. A. same B. normal C. different D. alternative
8. A. explained B. observed C. cured D. remedied
9. A. in general B. in particular C. in nature D. in advance
10. A. preferred B. produced C. compared D. processed
11. A. hunger B. procedure C. reaction D. physiology
12. A. supposedly B. hardly C. usually D. constantly
13. A. strike a balance B. run a risk C. pose a threat D. make a difference
14. A. especially B. generally C. specifically D. reasonably
15. A. By contrast B. In summary C. Above all D. In addition
Section B
(A)
Beef, of course, is the meat from a cow, and probably no food is more popular in America than a hamburger made from beef. In the 1960s a businessman named Ray Kroc began building small restaurants that sold hamburgers at a low price. Kroc called his restaurant " McDonald's". Kroc cooked hamburgers quickly so people in a hurry could buy and eat them without waiting. By me end of the 1960s the McDonald's Company had been selling hamburgers in hundreds of restaurants from California to Maine. Not surprisingly, Ray Kroc became one of the richest businessmen in America.
Other business people watched his success. Some of them opened their own hamburgers
restaurants. One company, called " Wendy's", began to compete with McDonald's. Wendy' s said its hamburgers were bigger than those sold by McDonald's or anyone else. The Wendy's hamburgers were the biggest. It produced a television advertisement to sell this idea. The Wendy's television advertisement showed three old women eating hamburgers. The bread that covered the meat was very big, but inside there was only a tiny bit of meat. One of the women said she would not eat a hamburger with such a little piece of beef. " Where's the beef " She shouted in a funny voice. These advertisements for Wendy's hamburger restaurants were a success from the first day they appeared on television. As we said, it seemed that everyone began using the expression "Where's the beef "
It was one of the most popular expressions in the United States.
65. McDonald is a restaurant .
A.which sells fast food B.which sells cheap beef
C.where people can eat whatever they like D.where people must eat in a hurry
66. " From California to Maine" means .
A. all over the world B. all over America
C. from east to west D. from north to south
67. The expression "Where is the beef " means .
A.try to find the best beef B.the beef can't be found
C. the beef is not as good as it is said to be D.something is not as good as described
68. McDonald's is a restaurant first run by .
A. McDonald B. Wendy
C. a rich businessman D. Ray Kroc
69. Which of me following statement is True
A. Some others wanted to open hamburger restaurants because hamburgers are easy to make.
B. Some others wanted to open hamburger restaurants because they wanted to make a lot of money.
C. Some others wanted to open hamburger restaurants because they could sell hamburgers from California to Maine.
D. Some others wanted to open hamburger restaurants because they thought hamburgers are good to eat.
(B) Visitor Code
Arrive with nothing that can harm New Zealand If you are arriving from overseas, bring no food, animal or plant material into the country. If in doubt declare it to Customs. Protect plants and animals Never allow dogs or other pets to run freely in areas of nesting birds, other wildlife, or where sign posted. Get rid of rubbish Always get rid of your rubbish properly and recycle waste (e.g. glass, paper) where possible. Be considerate with other waste
If using a portable toilet always throw away your toilet waste at a proper waste station. In the back country, bury your toilet waste in a shallow hole away from waterway. Keep New Zealand’s water clean Because soaps and other wastes can harm waterways, be careful your washing water doesn’t pollute the sea lakes and rivers. Take care with fires Always observe district fire bans. Be careful if you smoke or have an outdoor fire or barbecue, make sure ashes are cold before leaving. Camp or picnic carefully When camping or picnicking, use facilities provided. Keep to the track Keep to the track, where one exists, so you lessen the chance of damaging fragile plants. Be considerate When driving, minimize noise and observe no smoking signs.
70. According to Visitor Code, visitors are expected to act_______.
A. with care and respect B. with relief and pleasure
C. with caution and calmness D. with attention and observation
71. What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand
A. Take your own camping facilities. B. Bury glass far away from rivers.
C. Follow the track for the sake of plants. D. Observe signs to approach nesting birds.
72. What is allowed to take into New Zealand according to the Visitor Code
A. wild honey B. fresh grape fruit C. Chinese ham D. duty-free wine
73. The underlined word fragile probably means __________.
A. breakable and delicate B. fragrant and beautiful
C. rare and expensive D. healthy and strong
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence
can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Kids know when your praise is sincere and when it’s not. Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. But in fact, it may be just the opposite. Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. Children develop a sense of competence by seeing the consequences of their actions, not by being told about the consequences of their actions. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate to the amount of effort your child put into it.
Praising Kids
Parents praise their kids whenever they do anything that seems to be something remarkable. Jenn Berman, PhD, a family therapist says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be stricter.” Parents have come to believe that by giving kids heaping portions of praise, they improve their self-esteem and confidence. ________74________ Too much praise can backfire, it seems, and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parent’s praise has put them.
________75________Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in stretching themselves for their accomplishments.
So what is the right amount of praise ________76________ If praise is sincere and genuine and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear, “One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.”
Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team, Donahue says. But if he’s out there every day, shooting baskets, running drills, and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses because it’s above and beyond the norm. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when he has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or complete a history assignment,
Donahue adds. ________77________
III. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1.由于种种不同的原因,大家赴宴都迟到了。(a variety of)
Everyone arrived ________________________________.
2.像中国人一样，法国人喜欢花时间享受餐桌上的美味佳肴。（take time to）
Just like Chinese people, Frenchmen _____________________________ at dinner.
如今人们宁愿在家里与家人共进晚餐而不愿在饭店里吃饭。(prefer... rather than)
Nowadays people ________________________________________ in the restaurant.
那些痴迷于电脑游戏的人会整夜不眠在网上和人玩游戏。(be keen on)
Those who _____________________________, playing games with others on the Net.
均衡的膳食，适当的体育锻炼，对生活积极的态度有助于人们保持健康。（maintain）
A well-balanced diet, proper physical exercise and positive attitudes towards life _____________.
VI. Guided Writing
假设你是明启中学学生张华，最近你们学校的团组织响应市政府号召，正在开展午餐光盘（clean-plate)行动。现向全体学生征集减少食物浪费的可行性建议。你决定写一封信回应。在信中，你必须：
1.提出减少浪费食物的建议。
2.说明你的理由。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 3 Choices
单词部分：
1. convenience n.方便；便利
2. label n.标签
3. global adj.全球的；全世界的
4. snack n.点心；小吃；快餐
5. packaging n.包装材料
6. recycle v.回收利用
7. facility n.（供特定用途的）场所
8. plastic n.塑料
9. container n.容器
10. greenhouse n.温室
11. energy-efficient adj.节能的
12. amount n.数量；数额
13. gas n.气体
14. impact n.巨大影响；强大作用
15. determine v.决定
16. stress n.压力
17. cattle n.牛
18. frozen adj.冷冻的；冷藏的
19. link v.连接
20. teenager n.（13至19岁之间的）青少年
21. diet n.日常饮食；日常食物
22. details n.具体情况
23. yoghurt n.酸奶
24. slim adj.苗条的；纤细的
25. image n.形象；印象
26. source n.起源；根源；原因
27. expert n.专家；行家；能手
28. loss n.丧失；损失；丢失
29. actually adv.（在口语中用于强调事实）的确，真实地，事实上
30. tend v.往往会；常常就
31. moreover adv.此外，而且
32. equal adj.（大小、数量、价值等）相同的，同样的；相等的
ment n.评论；解释
34. host n.（电视或广播的）节目主持人
35. remind v.提醒；使想起
36. apologize v.道歉；谢罪
37. pudding n.（餐末的）甜食，甜点
38. decoration n.装饰品
39. consumer n.消费者；顾客；用户
40. despite prep.即使；尽管
41. prove v.证明；证实
42. retired adj.已退休的，已退职的
43. groceries n.食品杂货
44. establish v.查实；确定；证实
45. legally adv.合法地
46. permit v.允许；准许
47. assume v.假定；假设；认为
词组部分：
48. carbon footprint 碳足迹（日常活动所产生的碳排放量的量度方式）
49. rubbish dump 垃圾场；废物堆
50. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
51. put ... aside 忽视；不理睬；忘记
52. peanut butter 花生酱
53. baked potato （带皮）烤土豆
54. junk food 垃圾食品
55. vending machine （出售饮料等的）自动售货机
56. pay regard to 注意；关注；关心
57. traffic accident 交通事故
课文部分：
The good, the bad and the really ugly
by Jane Brown
Today, in my fridge, there are a few grapes, some bananas and some fruit juice—things that are not expensive and that are good for me. (当先行词是不定代词something时，定语从句引导词选择关系代词that。注意常用that不用which的几种情况，详见单元配套语法讲解。) There is also a pizza, and some burgers—which are not so good. I know what this food does to my body, (what引导的宾语从句；what在宾语从句中充当宾语。) but what does it do to the world around me It’s time to look at my carbon footprint and think about the difference between the good, the bad and the really ugly. (英语中ugly是比bad贬义程度更深的一个词)
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今天，在我的冰箱里，有一些葡萄，一些香蕉和一些果汁——这些东西不贵，但对我有好处。还有一种披萨和一些不太好吃的汉堡。我知道这种食物对我的身体有什么影响，但是它对我周围的世界有什么影响呢 是时候看看我的碳足迹了，想想好的，坏的和真正丑陋的之间的区别。
Food miles
My first stop is the label. Labels give us lots of information: how long we can keep our food, how healthy it is and where it comes from. A few hundred years ago, most of our food came from places we could walk to, (此处先行词虽然是place，但是它在从句中做介词宾语，故而不用where引导，而是用关系代词引导，作宾语省略掉了。) but today, food travels thousands of miles. We refrigerate it, and then transport it in planes and ships all over the world. This creates pollution and causes global warming. I look at the pizza and feel bad at once—not because it’s unhealthy, but because the seafood on it comes all the way from Thailand. I know seafood is also produced in the UK, but the local seafood is more expensive. I take out a banana—it’s from Brazil, but that’s not too bad. It came here by boat, so the carbon footprint of this healthy snack is small.
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食物里程
我的第一站是标签。标签给了我们很多信息:我们的食物可以保存多久，它有多健康，从哪里来的。几百年前，我们大部分的食物来自我们可以步行去的地方，但是今天，食物要经过几千英里的旅行。我们把它冷藏起来，然后用飞机和轮船运到世界各地。这会造成污染并导致全球变暖。我一看披萨就觉得不舒服——不是因为它不健康，而是因为上面的海鲜是从泰国远道而来的。我知道英国也生产海鲜，但是当地的海鲜比较贵。我拿出一条香蕉——它来自巴西，但也不算太糟。它是乘船来的，所以这种健康零食的碳足迹很小。
Packaging
The next stop is the packaging. In the UK, we don’t recycle all our packaging; we throw away more than 30% of it. This waste goes to the rubbish dump and not to the recycling facility. Luckily, we don’t need to package food like bananas, but food like grapes needs protection. I look at the grapes in my fridge—they’re in a plastic container and they’re from Spain.
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包装
下一站是包装。在英国，我们不回收所有的包装，我们扔掉了超过30%的包装。这些垃圾都被扔进了垃圾场，而不是进了回收设施。幸运的是，我们不需要包装