中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024年高考新高考全国I卷语法填空解析
语法填空 Heatherwick Studio designed the Glasshouse in a joint effort with The Woolbeding Charity and the National Trust Inspiration came from Victorian ornamental terrariums, but the greenhouse is far from ornamental. The latest ___1.___ (engineer) techniques are used to create a protective ___2.___(function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals” made of glass and aluminum. These sepals open over four minutes to reveal a1517 square foot space shaped like a crown.The Glasshouse opens on warm days using a hydraulic system ___3.___(give) the inside plants sun and ventilation.Then in colder weather, the structure stays ___4.___(close) to protect subtropical plants.Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ___5.___(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road. The trading routes between Asia and Europe brought silk and spices as well as many plant species to Britain for ___6.___first time. These plants included modern Western ___7.___(favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.“This Heatherwick Glasshouse represents the cutting edge of technical design and engineering but it's also a restoration of something that is part of Woolbeding’s history,” Mark Woodruff of The Woolbeding Charity says. “It stands ___8.___ a crowning achievement in contemporary design, to house the flora of sub-tropical south-west China at the end of a path retracing the steps along the Silk Route, from temperate Europe and across mountains, arid lands and high pastures ___9.___ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the ___10.___ (rich) and glory of gardening in England,” Mark Woodruff adds. 【词汇积累】glasshouse n. 温室 Victorian adj. 维多利亚时代样式的 ornamental adj. 装饰性的;n. 观赏植物;装饰品 terrarium n. 透明容器;饲养箱 engineering n.工程学 sepal n. 萼片(花朵最外层的保护组织) shape v. 形成(形状) ventilation n. 通风subtropical adj. 亚热带的walk v. 护送;引导 restoration n. 修复stand v. 位于;处于 crowning adj. 最高的;无比的house v. 存放;提供场所temperate adj. 气候温和的arid adj. 干旱的【短语积累】in a joint effort with 和---一起合作hydraulic system 液压系统for the first time 第一次(做某事)cutting edge 尖端的;先进的much of 许多;很大程度上【难句分析】The latest engineering techniques are used to create a protective functional structure that is also beautiful. (翻译见译文部分) 这个句子中:that is also beautiful 是structure的定语。It stands as a crowning achievement in --- to define much of the richness and glory of gardening in England. (翻译见译文部分) 这个句子的基本结构是:It stands as a crowning achievement 是主句;in contemporary design是状语;to house the flora是状语;of sub-tropical south-west China at the end of a path是flora的定语; retracing the steps along the Silk Route是状语;from temperate Europe and across mountains, arid lands and high pastures是状语; that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia 是前面几个名词(mountains, arid lands and high pastures)的定语从句;to come to define much of the richness and glory of gardening in England是状语。
【应试点拨】:1. 语法填空题主要考察学生对基本的句法和词法的理解和运用。语法填空的解题首先要读完整句子,简化句子,清晰结构,明白句子的含义。 在明白句子结构和含义的基础上,清楚各个空所需要的词性和变化。比如前两个空对于名词的形式的变化和名词转化为形容词、第七个空的名词复数、第十个空的形容词转化为名词。2. 明白了句子结构,对于从句的考察就会思路清晰起来。比如第九个空对定语从句的考察,这个句子很长,没有对句子结构的清晰分析是没法填空的。明白了各部分的作用就会比较容易的发现这个从句应该和哪部分有关系,进而明确考察的语法点。3. 明白了句子结构和含义,对于非谓语的使用就会更清晰。比如第三个空和第四个空对于非谓语的考察,明白了动词处于非谓语的位置,结合动词的含义和句子中的相应结构,就容易填了。 4. 分析句子结构,明白句子含义,就使我们对语境的理解更准确。我们平时的词汇学习一定要在语境中体会和使用。比如第五个空中的walks 和第八个空前的stands这两个动词,都是和我们平时常见的词义有所不同,但是从句子的语境中来理解,基本也不会有多大的障碍。这就提示我们平时的题目设置和练习都要注重语境。而且,也不要因为熟词新义而自我限制,不要试图通过翻译句子来理解,否则,一旦出现复杂的长句或生词,这种思路就会造成自我设限,带来不必要的麻烦。5. 注重阅读中的句子分析和语境理解,有意识的积累是提升阅读能力的重要途径,也是做好语法填空题的基础。【译文】Heatherwick工作室与Woolbeding慈善机构和国民信托基金会共同设计了温室,灵感来自维多利亚时代的观赏玻璃球,但这个温室远非用于观赏。最新的工程技术被用来创造一个具有保护功能的,也很漂亮的结构。该设计包含10个由玻璃和铝制成的钢制“萼片”。这些萼片在四分钟内打开,露出一个1517平方英尺的空间,形状就像一个皇冠。这个温室在温暖的日子里利用液压系统打开,给里面的植物提供阳光和通风。然而在寒冷的天气里,结构保持封闭以保护亚热带植物。此外,围绕温室的丝绸之路花园将引导着游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。亚欧间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸和香料以及许多植物品种。这些植物包括现代西方最喜欢的植物,如迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。“这个Heatherwick温室代表了技术设计和工程的前沿,但它也是对Woolbeding历史的一部分的修复,”Woolbeding慈善机构的Mark Woodruff说。“它代表了当代设计的最高成就,追溯着丝绸之路的步伐,将中国西南部的亚热带植物群安置在丝绸之路的尽头,从气候温和的欧洲,穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场,把这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国,很大程度上定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”Mark Woodruff 补充说。 【答案】 1. engineering 2. functional 3. to give 4. closed 5. walks 6. the 7. favorites 8.as 9. that 10. richness 【解析】本篇文章是一篇新闻报道,介绍了英国Heatherwick Studio推出的一个融合了科技和一带一路元素的温室。讲述了一带一路对英国园艺的影响。【1题详解】engineering 考察名词的转化和含义以及名词做定语。engineer工程师,变化为engineering 工程学,并做techniques的定语,工程学上的技巧。【2题详解】functional 考察名词转化为形容词做定语,做structure的定语。【3题详解】to give 考察动词不定式表目的。 【4题详解】closed 考察动词转化为形容词做表语。stay closed保持关闭状态。【5题详解】walks 考察动词含义和时态。walk领路、陪同,引申为“引导”【6题详解】the 考察定冠词使用。for the first time 第一次,副词性词组和动词搭配使用。【7题详解】favorites 考察名词复数。favorite 最喜欢的东西。【8题详解】as考察语境和介词as的使用。stand 处于---的位置、状态, as在这儿是“作为”的意思。【9题详解】that 考察句子结构和定语从句。注意这个句子的结构:that引起了丝绸之路上的mountains, arid lands and high pastures的定语从句。【10题详解】richness 考察形容词转化为名词。richness丰富性。