8B U8 A green world
【Integrated skills& Study skills 】重点单词
1.survey n.调查 →survey v.查看;审视;调查;勘测 do/make a survey 做个调查 a survey on/about 一个关于......的调查
2.empty adj.空的 →(反义词)full adj.满的 →empty v.倒空
3.dust n.灰尘;尘土
4.harmful adj.有害的 →harm n.伤害;危害 →harm vt.伤害;损害 →harmfully adv.伤害地;有害地
→harmfulness n.伤害;有害 →harmless adj.无害的
5.coal [U] n.煤 [C] n.燃烧的煤块
6.oil [U] n.石油;原油;食用油 →oily adj.油性的;油滑的
7.gas [U] n.气体;煤气
8.form vt.&vi.形成;组成;组织;建立 →form n.形式;形状 →form n.表格 →formal adj.正式的;形式上的
→formalism n.形式主义 →formation n.组成:编队
9.carelessly adv.满不在乎地;粗心地 →careless adj.粗心的 →carelessness n.粗心大意
→care n.照料,照顾 →care v.关注;在意
→careful adj.仔细的,小心的;谨慎的,认真的 →carefully adv.仔细地,小心地;谨慎地
【Integrated skills& Study skills 】重点短语
1.a survey on students' daily habits 一项关于学生日常习惯的调查
2. a survey on.... 一个关于....的调查
3.turn off the tap when brushing teeth 刷牙时关上水龙头
4.turn off the tap 关掉水龙头
5.take showers for less than 10 minutes 洗澡/淋浴少于十分钟
6.use both sides of the paper 使用纸张的两面
7.recycle empty bottles 循环利用空瓶子;回收空瓶
8.take their own bags to the supermarket 自己带袋子去超市
9.do a survey 做个调查
10.be asked about their daily habits 被问及他们的日常习惯
11.ask about sth. 询问关于某事
12.the results of the survey 调查的结果
13.all around the world 全世界
14.try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事
15.look nicer with more trees around 周围有很多树看起来更美
16.reduce dust and help keep the air clean 减少灰尘和保持空气干净
17.be harmful to our health 对我们的健康有害
18. help keep soil in place during storms 防沙固土
19.keep soil in place 保持土壤;保持水土
20.provide…for… 为……提供……….
21.provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物
22.natural resources 自然资源
23.have a wider use for factories 对工厂有更广的用途
24.be dug up from the ground 从地下挖掘出来
25.millions of years 数百万年的
26.as a result 结果
27.throw away carelessly 满不在乎地扔掉
28.take action 采取行动
29.take proper action to do sth. 采取正确的行动做某事
【Integrated skills& Study skills 】重点句型
1.Take showers for less than 10 minutes. 淋浴少于10分钟。
2.Air pollution is harmful to our health. 空气污染对我们的健康有害。
3.The survey shows that students are doing a lot to help protect the environment,but there are still many more things they can do.
调查显示,学生们正在做很多事情来保护环境,但他们还有很多事情可以做。
4.Pollution has become a serious problem all around the world. 污染已经成为全世界的一个严重的问题。
5.Trees also help keep soil in place during storms. 树木也有助于在暴风雨期间保持水土。
6.Coal,oil and natural gas is not only useful for families,but have a wider use for factories.
煤、石油和天然气不仅对家庭有用,在工厂里也有更广泛的用途。
Integrated skills &Study skills——Key points
01.agree
[教材原句] Yes,I agree. 是的,我同意。
[考点精析—常考★] agree vi. & vt.同意;应允;同意,赞同 , →(反义词)disagree v. 不同意;不一致
→agreement n. 同意,赞同
▲agree to do sth. = agree on doing sth. 同意做某事
◆be in agreement with sb. = agree with sb. 同意某人 ◆reach an agreement (with sb.)(和某人)达成协议
◆don't agree with sb. = sb. disagree with sb. 和某人意见不一致
[联想拓展] ▲① agree on/about sth. 后接表示“事件”的词,在某件事上达成一致/就......达成一致意见,关于....意见一致
▲②agree with 同意某人的意见/看法或观点,后常接表示人或意见的词语。
▲③agree to sth. 同意某事 ,后常接表示提议、办法、建议、方法、计划、安排等的词语,赞同(某一)提议/办法/计划
▲④agree + that 从句
[常考辨析] agree to do sth.,agree to sth.,agree on sth.,agree on/about sth. 和 agree with sb.
易混词汇 含义及用法
agree to do sth. 同意做某事,后常接表示建议、方法、计划、安排等的词语
agree to sth. 同意(提议、办法、计划等)
agree on sth. 主要指双方通过协商而取得一致意见或达成协议,在.....上取得一致意见
agree on/about sth. 表示双方或多方就......达成一致意见/关于......意见一致,就某事取得一致意见
agree with sb. 同意某人的意见/看法或观点,后常接表示人或意见的词语
[复习回顾—agree—7B U8] agree vi. & vt.同意;应允;同意,赞同 ,
agree vi. & vt.同意;应允;同意,赞同 , →(反义词)disagree v. 不同意 →agreement n. 同意,赞同
▲agree to do sth. 同意做某事 [8B U6]
◆agree with sb. 同意某人(的看法) [9A U1] ,后接某人或某人的话。
◆disagree with sb. = don’t agree with sb. 不同意某人(的看法)
[复习回顾—agree to do sth.—8A U6] agree vi. & vt.同意;应允;同意,赞同 ,
[教材原句] Mr Wu agreed to let me join their school trip. 吴老师同意让我参加他们的学校旅行。
[复习回顾—agree—8B U3 comic ]
[教材原句] I agree. 我同意。
[拓展提高—agreement—9B U1 skills ]
[教材原句] For example,nodding one's head means“agreement”and shaking one's head means“disagreement”in most countries…
例如,在大多数国家,点头表示“同意”而摇头表示“不同意"……
[考点精析] agreement n. 同意 →(反义词)disagreement n. 不同意
[拓展提高—agreement—9B U4 grammar ]
[教材原句] Are scientists in agreement that living on Mars would be possible for humans in the future
科学家们是否一致认为未来人类可能会在火星上生活
[考点精析] agreement [U] n. 一致,同意 →(反义词)disagreement n. 不同意 [C] n. 协议,协定
◆be in agreement = agree 同意;(意见或看法)一致 ◆reach/come to an agreement 达成协议
☆We are in agreement on this point. = We agree on this point. 在这一点上我们意见一致。
02.harmful adj.有害的
[教材原句] Air pollution is harmful to our health. 空气污染对我们的健康有害。
[考点精析] harmful adj.有害的 →harm n.伤害;危害 →harm vt.伤害;损害 →harmfully adv.伤害地;有害地
→harmfulness n.伤害;有害 →harmless adj.无害的
be harmful to = do harm to 对......有害 harmful waste 有害垃圾
◆do harm to… 伤害……
◆be harmful/harmless to… 对……有害/无害
◆be harmful to…= be bad for… 对……有害
[复习回顾—harm—7B U8 grammar] harm v.伤害;损害
[教材原句] As well as people,animals are harmed by pollution. 除了人之外,动物也会被污染物所危害。 (教材P114)
[考点精析] harm vt.伤害;损害 →harm n.伤害;损害;危害 →harmful adj.有害的 →harmfully adv.伤害地;有害地
→harmless adj.无害的 →harmfulness n.伤害;有害
☆We may use many facts to prove smoking harms human body health. 我们可以用很多事实来证明吸烟危害人体健康。
☆Air pollution has done much harm to our health. 空气污染已经给我们的健康造成了很大的伤害。
☆Noise is a kind of pollution and it is harmful to our ears. 噪声是一种污染,它对我们的听力有害。
[常考辨析] wound [9A U8 reading ] ,hurt 和 harm
易混词汇 含义 用法 常考短语
wound 使……受伤 指刀伤、枪伤或刺伤等皮肉之伤,常指战场上受的伤。 ◆be wounded with sth. 被……所伤
hurt 使受伤,伤害 指身体上或精神上的伤害。 ◆sb. be badly hurt in the car accident 在车祸中伤得很重
harm 1.身体上或精神上的伤害均可,有时可指引起不安或不便,还可用于抽象事物,尤其是指不道德的事情。
2.→harmful adj.有害的 ◆be harmful to... 对.....有害
[复习回顾—hurt—7B U7 reading ]
[教材原句] Her left leg was badly hurt and she could not get out. 她的左腿严重受伤,不能出去。
[考点精析] hurt◆ adj.受伤的 →hurt vt.&vi. 使受伤;伤害,使不快;疼痛 →(过去式/过去分词)hurt
◆get hurt 受伤 ◆be hurt 受伤 ◆be badly hurt 严重受伤
◆hurt oneself 伤着自己 ◆hurt sb. 伤害某人 ◆hurt one’s + 身体部位 伤害到了某人的身体部位
[拓展提升—wound—9A U8 reading ]
[教材原句] The victim was wounded with a knife and bled to death as a result. 受害者被人用刀刺伤,结果失血过多而死。
[考点精析] wound vt.使…受伤 →(过去式/过去分词)wounded n.伤口;创伤 →adj. wounded 受伤的
▲wound vt.使…受伤,指用刀或枪等伤害某人,句中用了被动语态
◆sb. be wounded in the arm 某人的手臂受伤了
◆the wounded 伤员
◆be wounded with sth. 被……所伤
◆be wounded with a knife 受刀伤
[联想拓展] wound n. 伤口;创伤,尤指身体遭受刀、子弹等伤害留下的伤口、创伤。
☆The hunter wounded a deer. 猎人打伤了一只鹿。
☆He was wounded with a gun. 他受了枪伤。
03.not only…but(also)…
[教材原句] Coal,oil and natural gas is not only useful for families,but have a wider use for factories.
煤、石油和天然气不仅对家庭有用,在工厂里也有更广泛的用途。
[考点精析—常考★] not only…but(also)… 不仅……,而且……
▲①not only…but(also)… ,是并列连词,用来连接两个并列的句子成分,其中的also可以省略。
▲②其连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词要与邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致,即遵循"就近原则"。
(连接并列主语时,句子的谓语动词应与but also后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。)
☆Not only the teacher but also the students are going to the cinema. 不仅老师要去看电影,而且学生们也要去看电影。
☆Not only l but also Mary likes reading. 不仅我喜欢阅读,玛丽也喜欢。
[联想拓展] 当not only…but also…连接两个并列分句,且not only位于句子的开头时,not only后的分句应部分倒装,即“Not only+助动词/情态动词+语+谓语动词+其他”或"Not only +be动词+主语+其他"。
☆Not only did Mike pass the exam,but also he got good marks. 迈克不仅通过了考试,他还得了高分,
☆Not only Jim's sisters but(also)Jim likes this kind of ice cream. 不但吉姆的姐妹而且吉姆也喜欢这种冰激凌。
[联想拓展][中考考点] 主谓一致“就远原则”:
“就远原则”:谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最远的主语。
1个“包括”:including;4个“和”:as well as,with,together with,along with;
1个“不是”:rather than;5个“除”:but,except,besides,in addition to,apart from。
[联想拓展][中考考点] 主谓一致“就近原则”:
“就近原则”:谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语。
1.there be 结构:某地有某物;
2.both... and... 两者都...... :连接并列主语,谓语动词用复数;
3.not only…but also…不仅……,而且……;
4.not…but … 不是……而是……;
5.either...or... 或者......或者...... ;要么……要么……
6.neither... nor... 既不.....也不......;
7.whether...or...
8....or...
[联想拓展] as well as与 not only ...but also... 都有"不但.....而且......"的意思,但两者稍有区别:
易混词汇 含义及用法
A as well as B 强调的是A,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与A保持一致。
not only A but also B 强调的是B,当连接两个主语时,谓语动词与B保持一致。
[单选常考混淆辨析]
A.not only;but also 不但……而且…… B.either;or 或者……或者…… C.neither;nor 既不……也不……
[单选常考混淆辨析]
A.either…or… 要么……要么…… B.neither…nor… 既不……也不……
C.both…and… 两者都…… D.not only…but also… 不但……而且……
04.as a result
[教材原句] As a result,it is very important for us to use them wisely. 因此,我们明智地使用它们很重要。 (教材P117)
[考点精析] as a result 因此,结果
▲as a result为固定短语,意为“因此,结果”,通常放在句首或句中,且用逗号与后面的句子隔开。
☆As a result,the football game was put off until the following week. 结果,足球赛被推迟到了下周。
[联想拓展] as a result of…意为“因为……;由于……”,后面跟名词、代词或名词词组,相当于because of。
[常考辨析] as a result 和 as a result of…
易混词汇 词性及含义 用法及常考搭配
as a result 因此;结果 通常用于句首或句中,且用逗号与后面的句子隔开。
as a result of 因为……;由于…… 相当于 because of,后面接名词、代词或动名词。
[单选常考混淆辨析]
A.as well as 而且;还 B.after all 毕竟 C.above all 首先 D.as a result 结果
05.carelessly adv.满不在乎地;粗心地
[教材原句] If they are used and thrown away carelessly,finally some of them will run out.
如果它们被粗心地使用、扔掉,最后它们中的一些将会用光。
[考点精析] carelessly adv.满不在乎地;粗心地 →careless adj.粗心的 →carelessness n.粗心大意
→care n.照料,照顾 →care v.关注;在意
→careful adj.仔细的,小心的;谨慎的,认真的 →carefully adv.仔细地,小心地;谨慎地
☆There would be an accident if you drive carelessly like this. 如果你像这样马马虎虎地开车,就会酿成一场车祸。
[单选常考混淆辨析]
A.endless 无止境的 B.homeless 无家可归的 C.meaningless 无意义的,无价值的 D.careless 粗心大意的