2024年高考英语新课标卷真题深度解析与考后提升之语法填空 导学案（原卷版+解析版）

2024年高考英语新课标卷真题深度解析与考后提升之语法填空
语法填空关键词：说明文,人与社会,丝路花园,玻璃温室,古丝绸之路,园林艺术,交流互鉴
Heatherwick Studio recently unveiled a new project, a kinetic greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust's Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful unfolding structure is at the center of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are used to create a protective 57 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel "sepals" made of glass and aluminum. These sepals open over four minutes to reveal a 1,517 square foot space like a crown.
The Glasshouse opens on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sun and ventilation. Then in colder weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road. The trading routes between Asia and Europe brought silk and spices as well as many plant species to Britain for 61 first time. These plants included modern Western 62 (favorite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
“This Heatherwick Glasshouse represents the cutting edge of technical design and engineering but it's also a restoration of something that is part of Woolbeding's history,” Mark Woodruff of The Woolbeding Charity says. “It stands 63 a crowning achievement in contemporary design, to house the flora of sub-tropical south-west China at the end of a path retracing the steps along the Silk Route, from temperate Europe and across mountains, arid lands and high pastures 64 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) and glory of gardening in England,” Mark Woodruff adds.
体裁 主题语境 关键词 学科素养 难度 难点
说明文 人与社会之科技与生活 a kinetic greenhouse 科技创新 ★★★★ 56，59，60，62，63，64题，涉及介词的搭配、熟词生义及长难句理解等
56. engineering 57. functional 58. to give 59. closed 60. walks 61. the 62. favorites 63. as 64. which/that 65. richness
【答案解析】
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国一座位于国家信托基金会沃尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室的最前沿的技术设计、特点和成就。
56. engineering。考查非谓语动词。分析结构可知，本句已有谓语are used to，空格应是非谓语动词，定冠词和名词之间需用现在分词engineering作定语，engineer 熟词：n. 工程师，机械师；生义：v. 设计。句意: 最新的工程技术被用来创建一个既具有保护功能又美丽的结构。
57. functional。考查词性转换。分析结构可知，名词structure前面需用形容词作定语，故空格需把提示词转换为形容词functional（功能性的）。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创建一个既具有保护功能又美丽的结构。
58. to give。考查非谓语动词。分析结构可知，本句已有谓语opens，空格应是非谓语动词，根据语境空格需填动词不定式to give作目的状语。句意：在温暖的天气里，温室开放，给里面的植物提供阳光和通风。
59. closed。考查形容词。分析结构可知，系动词stays后接形容词作宾语，空格需填closed。句意:在寒冷的天气里，结构保持关闭，以保护植物。
60. walks。考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析结构可知，主语the Silk Route Garden与宾语visitors之间应是谓语，根据前文opens，stays等可知，空格需填一般现在时第三人称单数walks。walk 熟词：n. 步行，散步；vi. 走，步行；生义：vt. 使（某物）移动。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园引导游客进行一场受古老丝绸之路影响的旅程。
61. the。考查冠词。根据搭配可知，空格需填定冠词the。for the first time第一次。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线首次将丝绸和香料以及许多植物种类带到了英国。
62. favorites。考查名词复数。favorite 熟词：adj. 最受喜爱的；生义：n. 受喜爱的事物，分析结构可知，included后接名词作宾语，提示词favorite在此处为名词，根据后面解释such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空格需用名词复数favorites。句意：这些植物包括现在西方常见的植物，如迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。
63. as。考查介词。分析结构可知，谓语是不及物动词，要接宾语a crowning achievement，需用介词，根据语境，动态温室是作为一项当代设计的最高成而存在。故空格需填介词as。
64. which/ that。考查关系代词。分析结构可知，前面出现谓语动词stands，空格后面又有谓语动词brought，故空格需填关系代词which/ that引导定语从句修饰pastures。句意：从温带欧洲穿过山脉、干旱地区和高地牧场，这些都把植物从他们在亚洲的原生地带带来，定义了英国园艺的丰富和辉煌。
65. richness。考查词性转换。定冠词the后面及and后面并列的名词glory可知，空格需用形容词转换为名词形式richness。
凸显文明互鉴，培养中国情怀和国际视野
高考英语命题注重通过精选语篇体现中华文明与世界文明的交流互鉴，引导学生增强国家认同和家国情怀，坚定文化自信，拓展国际视野，在跨文化交流学习中增进国际理解，推动世界文明共同发展。
新课标Ⅰ卷语法填空题选取的语篇介绍了英国“丝路花园”的整体设计以及其中新建
成的玻璃温室，体现了古丝绸之路对英国园林艺术的独特影响，宣传了以和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢为核心的丝路精神。
新课标Ⅱ卷语法填空题选取的语篇报道了纪念中国古代作家汤显祖的雕塑和凉亭在英国作家莎士比亚故居落成的新闻，介绍了两位伟大作家之间的相似之处，展现了中西方文化的交流与融合。【中国考试·教育部教育考试院】
全文翻译：
Heatherwick工作室最近了设计一个新项目，这是一座位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室。这个美丽的展开结构位于一个新花园的中心，展示了丝绸之路如何影响现代的英国花园。最新的工程技术被用来创造一个保护功能的结构，它也很漂亮。该设计以10个由玻璃和铝制成的钢制“萼片”为特色。这些萼片在四分钟内打开，露出1,517平方英尺的空间，就像皇冠一样。
温室在温暖的日子开放，给里面的植物阳光和通风。然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构会保持紧密以保护植物。
此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园引导游客进行一场受古老丝绸之路影响的旅程。亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线为英国带来了丝绸和香料以及许多植物物种。这些植物包括现代西方的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香等。
“这款Heatherwick Glasshot代表了最前沿的技术设计和工程，但它也是对Woolbeding历史一部分的修复，”Woolbeding慈善机构的马克·伍德拉夫说。Mark Woodruff补充说:“它作为当代设计的最高成就，容纳了穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，来到丝绸之路的尽头温带的欧洲的中国亚热带西南部的植物群，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”
题源整理与分析
一、考纲词汇词形转换
1. engineer n 工程师 →n engineering
2. protect vt 保护→adj. protective
3. wind vi 上发条；蜿蜒→ adj. winding
4. visit vt. 参观→ n. visitor
5. technology n.技术 →adj. technical
6. restore vt修复；恢复使用；归还→n. restoration
7. rich adj.富有的；丰富的→ n. richness
二、考纲词汇识词知意
第一组：高频单词
1. unfold vt. 打开，展开；逐渐明朗
2. structure n.构造；大型建筑物；机构，体系
3. feature vt. 以……为特色；起重要作用；放映；担任主演
4. reveal vt. 揭示；表明；展示
5. crown n. 王冠；王位；冠军宝座，桂冠
6. route n. 路线，航线；道路，路途
7. ancient adj. 古代的；年代久远的
8. species n. （动植物的）种，物种；种类
9. region n. 地区，区域；行政区
10. represent vt. 代表；为……代言（辩护）
11. contemporary adj. 当代的，现代的；同时期的
12. house vt. 让……居住，给……提供住房；给……提供场地，收藏存放；包裹
13. habitat n. （动植物的）生活环境，栖息地
14. define vt. 给……下定义，解释；阐明；标明……界限；是……的特征
15. habitat n. 栖息地
16.glory n. 光荣；荣耀
第二组：低频单词
17. unveil vt. (首次）公开，揭示；为……揭幕
18. kinetic adj. 运动的；活跃的
19. sepal n. [植] 萼片；花萼
20. aluminum n. 铝
21. ventilation n. 通风，通风系统
22. sub-tropical adj. 亚热带的
23. south-west n. 西南
24. retrace vt. 追溯；折回；重描
25. temperate adj. 温带的，（气候）温和的
26. pasture n. 牧场，牧草地
27. span vi 持续，贯穿；涵盖（多项内容）；横跨
三、高频短语积少成多
1. at the edge of 在……的边缘；接近……的边缘
2. be made of 由……组成（能看出原材料）
3. span from…to…从……横跨到……
4. at the end of 在末端，在……尽头
四、核心考点单句填空
1. ____________(engineer) is a broad field that includes civil, mechanical, electrical, and many other specialties.
2. The new software has a ____________(function) interface that makes it easy for users to navigate.
3. We enjoy taking ____________(walk) along the river after dinner.
4. Her ____________(favor) color is blue, and blue is also one of my ____________(favorite).
5. The ____________(rich) of the cultural heritage in this region is truly remarkable.
1. Engineering 2. functional 3. walks 4. favorite; favorites 5. richness
五、熟词新意举一反三
1. January is my least favourite month.一月是我最不喜欢的月份。
2. This song is a particular favourite of mine. 我尤其喜爱这首歌曲。
3. She's the favourite to succeed him as leader.她最有希望接替他成为领导人。
1. adj. 特别受喜爱的
2. n. 特别喜爱的人（或事物）
3. n. （取得职位等的）最有希望者
4. The office is ten minutes' walk from here.从这里去办公室要步行十分钟。
5. Let's go for a walk .咱们去散散步吧。
6. She missed the bus and had to walk home.她没赶上公共汽车，只好步行回家。
7. He always walked her home.他经常护送她走回家。
8. They walk their dogs every day.他们每天遛狗。
4. 行走；步行；徒步旅行；散步
5.vi. 行走；步行
6.vi. 徒步旅行；散步
7.vt. 陪伴…走；护送…走
8. vt. 牵着（动物）走；遛；赶着…走
六、长难句分析
"The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road and that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness and glory of gardening in England."
【翻译】这个花园还包括一条蜿蜒的小径，它引导游客穿越丝绸之路的十二个地区，并且这条小径将植物从它们在亚洲的原生栖息地带到了英国，成为定义英国园艺丰富和辉煌的很大一部分。
【分析】这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是a winding path，后面有两个that引导的定语从句。
【2023年新课标I卷语法填空】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 56 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 57 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 58 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 59 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 60 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 61 (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of 62 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 63 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 64 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 65 (want) more next time.
【答案】5. tasty 57. to bite 58. or 59. recognized 60. by 61. to be lifted 62. their 63. a 64. rarely 65. wanting
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包，讲述了小笼包美味，发源地以及制作方法等等。
56.考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。
57.考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。
58.考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填or。
59.考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。
60.考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。
61.考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。
62.考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
63.考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of “一点点；稍许”，常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数。故填a。
64.考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。
65.考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。
【2022年新课标I卷语法填空】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park
(GPNP). 56 (cover)an area about three times 57 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58 (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59 (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 60 (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61 leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62 (population)and homes of giant pandas, and 63 (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 64 an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 65 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
56.Covering 57. the 58. were 59. to increase 60. is designed 61. and 62. populations 63. eventually 64. as 65. that
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。
56. Covering。考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。
57. the。考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句的结构为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。
58. were。考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
59. to increase。考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
60. is designed。考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
61. and。考查连词。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生
物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处前后为并列关系，应用and。故填and。
62. populations。考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。
63. eventually。考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve，设空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。
64. as。考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语：serve as (充当)。故填as。
65. that。考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
【2021年新课标I卷语法填空】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. 56 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57 (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 58 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 59 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 60 (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 62 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 63 (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 64 (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 65 must to visit!
【答案】56. What 57. humans 58. undoubtedly 59. hotter 60. astonished 61. was 62. and 63. aching 64. mine 65. a
【分析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海，温泉以及台阶。
56.考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
57.考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
58.考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！此处修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
59.考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和！此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。
60.考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词astonished，表示人的感受“感到震惊的”。故填astonished。
61.考查动词时态。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，“安置台阶的石头”是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。
62.考查连词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系，都是作it的谓语，应用并列连词and。故填and。
63.考查形容词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”，修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
64.考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折 道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句的does替代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine，指代my memory。故填mine。
65.考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
高考语法填空满分策略
一、语法填空有提示词类为动词
考法一、语法填空有提示词类为谓语动词
技法一　如何确定是否作谓语
句子结构分析法 1.分析句子结构知此句为简单句，在主语后面要填动词，而且只有这一个动词，则该空格应填谓语动词。 2.分析句子结构知此句为并列句，可知并列词前后两个句子都要有自己的谓语动词。 3.分析句子结构知此句为复合句，可知主从句都要有自己的谓语动词。 注意 1.根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态； 2.根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态； 3.根据主语确定谓语动词的数，做到主谓一致。
典例展示 (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)The GPNP 60 (design) to reflect the guiding principle of“protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological buffer zones,61.and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”. 分析句子结构可知，此句虽长，却是一个简单句。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态；主语是单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。
技法二　如何确定谓语动词的时态
解题思路 技法点拨
1.慧眼识别标志词 认清常考时态的标志性时间状语 (1)看到often，usually，always，sometimes等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。 (2)看到yesterday，last year，in 2022，the other day一段时间＋later等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时。 (3)看到tomorrow，next year，in the future，soon等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。 (4)看到at this moment，at present，now等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。 (5)看到since，recently，lately，already，in the last/past few years，so far/up to now，for＋时间段，ever since...等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。 (6)看到by then，by the end of...等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。
2.瞻前顾后找并列 (1)可根据并列连词and，but，or，rather than，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。 (2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。
3.通过“常用句式”法 掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。如： (1)was/were doing sth. when sb. did... (2)had (just) done sth. when＋一般过去时 (3)This/It/That is the first/second...time that sb. have/has done... (4)This/It/That was the first/second...time that sb. had done... (5)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时 (6)It’s (high) time that...did/should do sth.
4.通过“语境暗示”法 分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，而没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题的一种行之有效的方法。
[针对训练]
1. Every time I go home to see my father, he often ________(fish) in the river near our village.
2. Qizai ___________(find) as a weak baby panda in 2009 in Qinling Mountains.
3. The exam results _____________(put) up tomorrow afternoon. Please wait patiently.
4. The twins ______________(help) their mother do the housework at this moment.
5. (2022·全国甲)In the last five years，Cao _______________(walk) through 34 countries in six continents，and in 2016，he reached the top of Kilimanjaro，Africa’s highest mountain.
[Keys: 1. fishes 2. was found 3. will be put 4. are helping 5. has walked]
技法三　如何确定谓语动词的语态
解题思路 技法点拨
1.依据逻辑 (1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动
关系，辨析主动或被动 语态；若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。 (2)被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词。 (3)再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。
2.牢记主动表被动含义的句式结构 (1)当feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容词时； (2)当cut，read，sell，wear，write，wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时； (3)当break out，take place，shut off，turn off，work out等动词短语表示“发生，关闭，制定”等意思时。
[针对训练]
1. On the last day of our week-long stay，we ____________(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore.
2. (2020·全国Ⅰ)Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brown University，says，“because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _______ (construct).”
3. (2022·河南许平汝联盟三模)Rather，it _______(see) as a typical reaction to the growing awareness of the problems that can result from climate change and other global threats.
4. There are many flowers in the garden，which _______(smell) so sweet that they attract many butterflies.
5. The coat which you bought for me is made of a kind of cloth ________ (wash) easily.
[Keys: 1. were invited 2. is constructed 3. is seen4. smell 5. washing]
技法四 如何确定谓语动词的单复数形式(主谓一致)
解题原则 技法点拨
语法一致 (1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 (2)主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 (3)and，both...and...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。 (4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致。 (5)“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
就近一致 (1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)...，not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数通常与最近的主语保持一致。 (2)由there，here引起的句子中主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最近的主语保持一致。
意义一致 (1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，
team，group等。 (2)“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 (3)由分数、百分数或者some，a part of等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。
注意　what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果表语是复数名词，则谓语动词用复数形式。What the school needs are qualified teachers.
[针对训练]
1. (2019·天津改编)Amy，as well as her brothers，___________(give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
2. The poet and writer ___________( produce) many works so far，some of which have been translated into foreign languages.
3.Many a parent ____________(have) had to go through this same painful process.
4. The class _______(do) experiment when the teacher came in.
5. Up to now the sick ____________ (cure) and the lost ____________ (find).
[Keys: 1.was given 2.has produced 3.has 4.were doing 5.have been cured, have been found]
考法二、语法填空有提示词为动词填写非谓语动词
技法一　如何确定是非谓语动词
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ) ___________ (cover) an area about three times 57 the size of Yellowstone National Park，the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
分析句子结构可知，此句没有并列连词，知不是并列句，也没有从属连词，知不是复合句，可以确定此句是简单句；此句话已经有了谓语动词will be，所以该空应填非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该词在句中作状语，其逻辑主语是the GPNP，它们是主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式；此空位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Covering。
技法二如何确定作主语和表语的非谓语动词
考查方向 解题思路
非谓语动词 作主语 1.分析句子结构，找到句子的谓语部分，其前设空可能是缺少主语。如果是不具体的抽象的动作一般用-ing形式作主语；如果是具体的动作一般用不定式作主语。 2.掌握一些it充当形式主语，动词-ing形式/不定式作真正主语的句型。
非谓语动词作表语 1.现在分词作表语，意为“令人感到……的”。 2.动名词作表语，表示对主语内容的进一步说明和解释。 3.过去分词作表语，意为“本身感到……的”。 4.不定式作表语，表将来或目的。
[针对训练]
1. ___________(carry) a large quantity of cash could put the owner in danger as robberies quite often happened along the way.
2. (2019·全国Ⅲ)On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take ______(get) there.
3. (2021·全国甲)It is possible __________(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
4. (2018·全国Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel ____________ (challenge).
5. Bioprinting may be a relatively new field but the results so far are _____________(encourage).
[Keys: 1. Carrying 2. to get 3. to walk 4. challenged 5. encouraging]
技法三　如何确定作宾语的非谓语动词
考查方向 解题思路
作介词的宾语 1.介词和带介词的固定搭配后一定跟动名词作宾语。 2.带介词to的短语后也跟动名词作宾语, 如look forward to, get down to。 3.介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，且前面有实义动词do时，不定式省略to。
[针对训练]
1.Some say it is necessary for graduates to spend money in __________ (produce) embellished resumes and buying suitable clothes.
2.I won’t call myself the most accomplished person when it comes to ________(hold) chopsticks.
3.The windows were never opened except _______(air) the room for a few minutes.
[Keys: 1. producing 2. holding 3. airing ]
考法三、语法填空有提示词为动词词类转换
如果所给动词既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则一般应进行词性转换，通常加后缀变为名词。常见的动词变名词的后缀有以下几种。
常见后缀 例词
-ment development，achievement，argument，movement，amazement 等
-ion/-ation relation，addiction，intention，determination，communication等
-ing meeting，greeting，drawing，painting，parking，writing 等
-er/-or/-ar waiter，farmer，worker，teacher，reporter，sailor，survivor，liar，beggar等
-ance/-ence assistance，importance，performance，existence，acceptance等
-al survival，arrival，approval，refusal，proposal 等
[针对训练]
1. (2022·全国甲)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road，in order to promote environmental ___________(protect).
2. A possible ________(win) for “Best Pun” might show Peter Rabbit，the character from The Tale of Peter Rabbit，with a tail made of marshmallow fluff(棉花糖).
3. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own ________(survive).
[Keys: 1. protection 2. winner 3. survival ]
二、语法填空有提示词类为名词
技法一　如何确定名词的词形变化
考查方向 解题思路
名词变复数 1.有数词或者these，those，several，many，all，both，various，a number of 等词修饰时，名词用复数形式。 2.前有“one of”修饰时，名词用复数形式。 3.若谓语动词是复数形式，则作主语的名词用复数形式。
名词所有格 提示词与后面的名词为所属关系，应考虑名词所有格。单数名词或不以s 结尾的复数名词，在词尾加’s；以s结尾的单数或者复数名词，在词尾加’。
名词变形容词 提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词或前面有比较级修饰，则一般考查名词变形容词。一般在名词词尾加后缀-able；-al；-ful；-en；-y；-less；-ly； -ous等构成形容词，如：terrible，national，useful，wooden，healthy，careless，monthly，dangerous等。
名词变动词 提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。在名词词尾加后缀-en；-ize或前缀en-等构成动词，如：strengthen，apologize，encourage，endanger等。
[针对训练]
1. (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we _________(human) are.
2. “Making coins was one of the greatest financial ________(activity) in human history，” said researchers，adding that it allowed wealth to be traded easily.
3. These Yungang __________________(researcher) attempt is a good example of technology helping to preserve cultural heritage.
4. (2021·全国乙)Provide _________(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
5. (2022·全国甲)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___________ (meaning).
[Keys: 1. humans 2. activities 3. researchers’ 4. financial 5. meaningful ]
三、语法填空有提示词类为代词
考查方向 解题思路
人称代词 1.提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语时，应考虑人称代词主格(I，we，you，he，she，it，they等)形式。 2.提示词为代词，当句子缺少宾语或表语时应考虑人称代词宾格(me，us，you，him，her，it，them等)形式。
物主代词 1.提示词为代词，当句子缺少定语时，应考虑形容词性物主代词(my，our，your，his，her，its，their等)形式。 2.提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语或宾语，且表示拥有者时，应考虑名词性物主代词(mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs等)形式。
反身代词 提示词为代词，当该词作动词或介词的宾语或表语，且和主语是同一人时，应考虑反身代词(myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves等)形式。
[针对训练]
1. She showed _______(they) the microwave，water dispenser(饮水机) and refrigerator in the space kitchen.
2. All ____(we) yuanxiao are handmade，because it is the only way to maintain the traditional flavor.
3. (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)As the song goes，this long and winding road “will never disappear”，and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ______(I).
4. Although several hundred people have claimed ___________(they) as eyewitnesses of some giant apelike creatures in Shennongjia，there is no tangible evidence to confirm the existence of a “wild man”.
[Keys: 1. them 2. our 3. mine 4. themselves ]
四、语法填空有提示词类为形容词
考查方向 解题思路
形容词变副词、名词 1.若空格处的词修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，应考虑副词形式。 2.若空格处在动词前作主语或介词或形容词后作宾语，应考虑名词形式。
形容词、副词变反义词 根据句意和前后逻辑关系，确定句意表否定时，可以添加否定前缀(il-，un-，im-，dis-等)或否定后缀(-less等)变为反义词。
形容词、副词变比较级 1.空前有much，far，still，even，rather，a little，a bit，a lot，a great deal，than等标志性词时应考虑用比较级。 2.句型“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”表示“越……，就越……”。 3.句型“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越……”。 4.“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。
5.句中如果没有标志词，但暗含比较级的意思，也需要用比较级。
形容词、副词变最高级 1.设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among等时，用最高级。 2.设空前有one of the，the＋序数词等修饰词时，用最高级。 3.句中如果没有标志词，但暗含最高级的意思，也需要用最高级。
[针对训练]
1. (2020·全国Ⅲ)Filled with _________(curious)，the artist packed his bags and left.
2. Over the past decades，the country has lost more than 30% of its forest cover due to _______(legal) logging.
3. (2021·浙江6月)When the house was built，it was much _______(small) than it is today.
4. (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets，the _______(hot) the spring！
5. (2022·全国甲)In the last five years，Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents，and in 2016，he reached the top of Kilimanjaro，Africa’s ________(high) mountain.
[Keys: 1. curiosity 2. illegal 3. smaller 4. hotter 5. highest]
五、语法填空自由填空为连接词
技法一　如何确定并列连词
考查方向 解题思路
并列连词 分析关系 1.表示并列或递进关系的有：and，both...and...，not only...but (also)...等。 2.表 示 选 择 关 系 的 有：or，either...or...，not...but...等。 3.表示转折或对比关系的有：but，while等。 4.表示因果关系的有：so，for等。
并列连词 固定句型 1.“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句” 2.be doing...when... 3.be about to do...when... 4.be on the point of doing...when... 5.had just done...when...
[针对训练]
1. Only a few primate species sing，____ they are precious resources in our search for the evolutionary origins of human musicality.
2. He didn’t receive an award for his honesty _____ he did go from litter to glitter (闪光) in just one week.
3. We were sleeping ______ we heard the dog barking crazily outside.
4. Work more efficiently _____ you will have more time for the rest and relaxation.
5. Get down to your work at once ____ you will be fired.
[Keys: 1. so 2. but 3. when 4. and 5. or]
技法二　如何确定定语从句的关系词
考查方向 解题思路
关系代词 1.先行词指人且所填关系词在从句中作主语时，可以用关系词that或who。 2.先行词指人且所填关系词在从句中作宾语时，可以用关系词that或whom或who，也可以不填。 3.先行词指物且所填关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，可以用关系词that或which。 4.先行词指人或物且所填关系词在从句中作定语时，可以用关系词whose。 5.在非限制性定语从句中不能用关系词that。 6.在非限制性定语从句中，如果先行词是前面的整个句子或句子的一部分时，可以用关系词as或which。as译为“正如”；which译为“这一点，这件事”，表明事物的状态或结果。
关系副词 先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词且所填关系词在从句中作状语时，可以用关系词when，where或why。 注意：先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词且所填关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，可以用关系词that或which。
介词＋关系词 1.关系词依据先行词来确定，如果先行词指人，用whom；如果先行词指物，用which；如果先行词指人或物，且关系词在从句中作定语，则用whose。 2.介词根据以下原则来确定：(1)与先行词的搭配；(2)与从句谓语的搭配。
注意　常见的只用that而不用which的情况：
(1)先行词指物是不定代词或者被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself
(2)先行词指物被序数词、形容词最高级或the only，the very，the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
This is the only thing that we can do now.
(3)先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
(4)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也作表语时，关系代词通常只用that。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
[针对训练]
1. (2020·天津改编)____ is described in paragraph 4，taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows the parent to enjoy quiet reading.
2. (2024·陕西渭南二模)In most Chinese tea villages，March is the time of year _____ locals start to pick and process tea.
3. Wind power is an ancient source of energy ____ which we may return in the near future.
4. The old lady had one son and two daughters，none of ______ treated her well，which made her very sad.
5. I’d appreciate my teacher very much without _______ help I couldn’t win the award.
[Keys: 1. As 2. when 3. to 4. whom 5. whose]
技法三　如何确定名词性从句的连接词
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。分析句子结构，先找出主句的谓语动词，谓语动词之前的从句为主语从句，动词和介词后的为宾语从句，系动词后的为表语从句，名词后的从句且对名词内容加以解释的从句为同位语从句。判断出从句以后，再根据以下技法确定连接词。
[针对训练]
1.(2019·全国Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence _____ they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
2.(2022·江西萍乡二检)_________ anyone actually believes in a causal relationship between eating these foods and receiving the promised benefits or not is unclear.
3.(2020·全国Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist _____ paintings were almost lifelike.
4.That is _____ you have to overcome your laziness if you want to be outstanding in life.
5. Finally，the motto also represents a series of patterns of ______ countries should work together.
[Keys: 1. that 2. Whether 3. whose 4. why 5. how ]
技法四　如何确定状语从句的连接词
考查方向 解题思路
状语从句的连接词 根据句意确定是什么状语从句从而确定连接词，常见的状语从句的连接词有： 1.时间状语从句while/when/as/since/before/after/until 2.条件状语从句if/unless/once 3.让步状语从句though/although/while/as 4.地点状语从句where 5.原因状语从句because/since/as
状语从句的连接词 根据固定句型来确定状语从句的连接词，常见的固定句型有： so/such...that... not...until... It will/won’t be＋...＋before... It was＋...＋before... It is some time＋since... whether...or not... no sooner...than... hardly...when...
[针对训练]
1._____ a keystone species disappears, other plants and animals may die off and not grow back.
2. ______ I got my first library card in the mid-1950s, my appreciation for the institution developed quickly.
3. _________ it is normal for you to want only the best for yourselves, that is the source of your problems and stress.
4.(2019·全国Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining ____ hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.
5.If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _____ you figure it out.
[Keys: 1. If 2. When 3. Though/Although/While 4. so 5. until ]
四、语法填空有提示词类为冠词、代词、介词
技法一　如何确定填冠词
考查方向 解题思路
不定冠词a/an 1.在文中第一次提到可数名词单数时，一般为泛指，用不定冠词a/an。 2.在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”时，用不定冠词a/an。 3.a一般用于发音以辅音音素开头的名词前，an一般用于发音以元音音素开头的名词前(注意：并不是指辅音字母或者元音字母开头的单词)。
定冠词the 1.第二次及以后提到时表特指，用定冠词the。 2.当名词后有定语修饰时，多数情况用定冠词the。 3.用在序数词或最高级前或有only，very，same等修饰的名词前。 4.用在“逢十”的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。 5.用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”。 6.用于世界上独一无二的事物前。 7.用于被演奏的西洋乐器前。
固定搭配 2.与定冠词the连用的常用短语： on the other hand 　　by the way take the place of... 　 in the front of... all over the world 　　at the end of the same (...) as 　　　by the end of... in the beginning 　　 at the same time at the beginning of... at the moment
[针对训练]
1.(2020 全国Ⅲ改编)In ancient China lived ____ artist whose paintings were almost lifelike.
2.Liuzhou luosifen，___ soup dish，is named by some people as “durian(榴莲) of soup”for its strong smell.
3.Designed and constructed to ______ highest ever standards for green and sustainable housing, the three villages will be able to accommodate 5,500 athletes and team officials.
4. The Antarctic is ____ only region in the world that has never been home to human civilization.
5.In a sometimes callous(冷漠的) world where people can be so focused on what they’re doing，a random act of kindness can make ____ difference.
[Keys: 1. an 2. a 3. so 4. the 5. a ]
技法二　如何确定填代词
考查方向 解题思路
代词的指代用法 1.如果空格前出现了单数名词，并且空格处作主语或宾语，可根据指代的情况用he，she，it或者him，her，it。 2.如果空格前出现了复数名词，并且空处作主语或宾语，可根据指代的情况用they或them。 3.如果前面出现了单数名词或者不可数名词，后面再次提到而且是特指，用that。 4.如果前面出现了复数名词，后面再次提到而且是特指，用those。 5.如果前面出现了单数名词，后面再次提到而且是泛指同名不同物的东西用one。
it的用法 1.指代天气、时间、距离等。 2.用作形式主语或形式宾语。 3.it用在一些固定句型和固定用法中。
注意　(1)常用it作形式主语的句型有：
It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他
It＋be＋adj.＋of/for sb. ＋to do sth.
It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth.
It is a pity/a fact/no wonder/adj.＋that...
It seems/appears/turns out/occurs to sb. ＋that...
It is said/reported/believed/...＋that...
It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.
(2)常用it作形式宾语的句型有：
主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/make/keep/...＋it＋补语＋to do sth. /that...
主语＋like/hate/love/appreciate/...＋it＋从句
(3)固定用法：
when it comes to...当谈到……
as sb. puts it正如某人所言
make it成功
[针对训练]
1.No bread eaten by a man is so sweet as _____ earned by his own labor.
2.He skimmed the pages quickly，then read ______ again more carefully.
3.If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand，could you get _____ for me？
4.____ is believed that there will be 2.5 billion automobiles worldwide by 2050.
5.I couldn’t have made ____ through those times without the support of my parents.
[Keys: 1. that 2. them 3. one 4. It 5. it ]
技法三　如何确定填介词
当空格后出现的是名词、代词或者动名词，且这些词不作主语、宾语或者表语时，需要考虑填介词。
[针对训练]
1.(2021·全国甲)It was built originally to protect the city __________ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复).
2.(2020·浙江7月)Some time after 10,000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ________, through agriculture.
3.Morgan says that it is time that people stopped standing by and recording on their phones when they see someone ____ trouble.
4.Born in Nanchang City in 1961，Zhi applied to work as a teacher at the primary school in Niyang village after graduation，though her mother strongly disagreed ______ her.
5.This route，known ____ the Great Ring Line, was also built by CRCC，and was the first European subway project designed by a Chinese company.
[Keys: 1. in/during 2. in 3. in 4. with 5. as ]
变式一：丝绸之路话题
（23-24高三下·河北张家口·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nanxun Water Town
Located on the Hangjiahu Plain of the Yangtze River Delta, Nanxun Water Town was one of the 1 (rich) towns in China during the Qing Dynasty, largely due to its role in both the production and trade of silk. A few thousand years ago, China was the only place in the world 2 produced silk. Even after the country began to export the goods throughout the world via the Silk Road, the means of silk production remained a 3 (close) guarded secret.
In time, though, some other world powers got 4 (they) hands on some highly desired silk eggs. Though the secret was out, and China no longer maintained a monopoly (垄断) over global silk production, the wealthy continued to turn to China 5 high-end, luxury silk. The same holds true even today, with China still 6 (control) over three quarters of the world market.
Towns like Nanxun, as well as neighboring cities like Suzhou and Hangzhou, were, and still are, major silk production centers. They’re also strategically located close to China’s Grand Canal, the man-made 1,800 km waterway that stretches from Beijing all 7 way down to Hangzhou. During the Qing Dynasty, business was going 8 well that Nanxun Water Town was even home to some of the wealthiest and most powerful families in the entire country. These families were known as the “four elephants.” Their luxurious houses and gardens, most of which 9 (build) using a unique mixture of Chinese and Western architecture, are presently maintained by the town and open to 10 (visitor).
【答案】1．richest 2．that 3．closely 4．their 5．for 6．controlling
7．the 8．so 9．were built 10．visitors
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了清朝时期因丝绸贸易而富有的南浔水乡，以及今天中国在全球丝绸市场中的重要地位。
1．考查形容词最高级。句意：位于长江三角洲杭嘉湖平原的南浔水乡，在清朝时期是中国最富有的城镇之一，这主要得益于它在丝绸生产和贸易中的作用。根据句意和空格前的“one of the”可知，此处应使用形容词rich的最高级形式richest，表示“最富有的”，作定语修饰名词towns。故填richest。
2．考查定语从句。句意：几千年前，中国是世界上唯一生产丝绸的地方。空处引导定语从句，先行词place被the only修饰，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词that引导。故填that。
3．考查副词。句意：即使这个国家开始通过丝绸之路将丝绸出口到世界各地，丝绸的生产方法仍然是一个严密保守的秘密。根据句意和空格后的“guarded”可知，此处应使用副词closely (严密地)作状语，修饰动词guarded。故填closely。
4．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：然而，随着时间的推移，其他一些世界大国还是得到了他们梦寐以求的蚕丝卵。空处修饰名词hands，应用形容词性物主代词their，表示“他们的”，构成固定短语get one’s hands on sth.“成功地获得或获取某物”。故填their。
5．考查介词。句意：虽然秘密泄露了，中国不再垄断全球丝绸生产，但富人仍然转向中国购买高端奢侈丝绸。turn to sb./sth. for sth. 是固定搭配，意为“向某人/某物寻求某物”，故填for。
6．考查with的复合结构。句意：同样的情况至今仍然存在，中国仍控制着全球四分之三的市场份额。此处为with复合结构，宾语China与非谓语动词control之间为主动关系，应用现在分词controlling作宾语补足语。故填controlling。
7．考查冠词。句意：它们的战略位置也靠近中国的大运河，这条全长1800公里的人造水道从北京一直延伸到杭州。all the way为固定搭配，意为“一直，一路上”，故填the。
8．考查结果状语从句。句意：在清朝时期，生意非常兴隆，以至于南浔水乡甚至是一些全国最富有和最有权势的家庭的所在地。so... that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”，故填so。
9．考查时态和语态。句意：他们的豪华住宅和花园，大部分都是用中西合璧的独特建筑风格建造的，目前由镇上维护并向游客开放。空格处是定语从句的谓语动词，which指代先行词houses and gardens，most of which与build之间为被动关系，且动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态，注意主谓一致，故填were built。
10．考查名词的数。句意同上。visitor为可数名词，此处应用复数形式表泛指，故填visitors。
（23-24高三下·安徽·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
This year marks the 700th anniversary of the 11 (dead) of Marco Polo(1254——1324),the great Venetian traveler 12 introduced Asia to the West.
Yet despite the fact that Marco Polo was 13 (high) recognized in China, there exists
only one Chinese translation of The Travels of Marco pleted by Feng Chengjun and 14 (publish) by the Shanghai Commercial Press in 1936, this translation falls short of meeting modern standards of accuracy(准确), fluency and elegance. Feng summarized each chapter using classical Chinese, 15 (stick) to the literary style of that age. Furthermore, he depended on a modern French copy annotated(注解) by A．J. H. Charignon that was not always accurate.
In 2011, Rong Xinjiang, a history professor at Peking University and a leading scholar of Sino-foreign relations during the medieval(中世纪的) period, 16 (bring) together a study group to annotate The Travels of Marco Polo. There were many great scholars in the group, including 17 (expert) on Mongol history, Iranian studies, 18 Chinese relations with the Silk Road kingdoms. While their translation——based on a 1938 text annotated by A．C． Moule and Paul Pelliot——remains unfinished, their work has already resulted 19 many books on Marco Polo, the Silk Road, and medieval trading centers like the 20 (east) city of Yangzhou.
【答案】11．death 12．who /that 13．highly 14．published 15．sticking 16．brought 17．experts 18．and 19．in 20．eastern
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了关于《马可波罗游记》的中文译本的一些相关信息。
11．考查名词。句意：今年是马可·波罗(1254 - 1324)逝世700周年，这位伟大的威尼斯旅行家将亚洲介绍给了西方。of后接名词death作宾语。故填death。
12．考查定语从句。句意：今年是马可·波罗(1254 - 1324)逝世700周年，这位伟大的威尼斯旅行家将亚洲介绍给了西方。先行词为the great Venetian traveler，作定语从句的主语，关系代词为who或者that。故填who /that。
13．考查副词。句意：然而，尽管马可波罗在中国得到了很高的认可，但《马可波罗游记》的中文译本却只有一个。副词作状语修饰动词recognized。故填highly。
14．考查非谓语。句意：由冯承军完成，上海商务印书馆于1936年出版的这一译本在准确性、流畅性和优雅性上都达不到现代标准。空处为非谓语动词，this translation与publish为被动关系，用过去分词作状语。故填published。
15．考查非谓语。句意：冯用文言文总结每一章，坚持那个时代的文学风格。空处为非谓语动词，Feng与stick为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填sticking。
16．考查时态。句意：2011年，北京大学历史学教授、研究中世纪中外关系的权威学者荣新疆组织了一个研究小组，对《马可波罗游记》进行了注释。根据“In 2011”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填brought。
17．考查名词。句意：这个团队中有很多伟大的学者，包括研究蒙古历史、伊朗研究和中国与丝绸之路王国关系的专家。表示多个专家，用复数experts作宾语。故填experts。
18．考查连词。句意：这个团队中有很多伟大的学者，包括研究蒙古历史、伊朗研究和中国与丝绸之路王国关系的专家。前后词为并列关系，用and连接。故填and。
19．考查介词。句意：虽然他们的翻译——基于1938年由A.C.穆尔和保罗·伯利奥注释的文本——仍未完成，但他们的工作已经产生了许多关于马可·波罗、丝绸之路和中世纪贸易中心(如东部城市扬州)的书籍。result in“导致”为固定短语。故填in。
20．考查形容词。句意：虽然他们的翻译——基于1938年由a·c·穆尔和保罗·伯利奥注释的文本——仍未完成，但他们的工作已经产生了许多关于马可·波罗、丝绸之路和中世纪贸易中心(如东部城市扬州)的书籍。形容词eastern作定语修饰名词。故填eastern。
（2024·山东·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With a history of more than 2,000 years, the Silk Route dates back to the Han dynasty. Through this route, the Chinese highly qualified silk made its fame to the western countries. The merchants (商人) in different regions sought 21 (opportunity) of trading Chinese silk along this route. That route functioned 22 the life blood of international trade at that time. Meanwhile, the Chinese civilization 23 (introduce) to the Western countries and vice versa. The Silk Route was considered as a new chapter 24 (record) the friendship between the European and Asian peoples.
Throughout all these years, many great figures have made significant contributions to the development of the Silk Route. Today, the Silk Route has a 25 (poet) name called One Belt One Road, 26 (aim) to help those connected regions in culture and economy exchange with a more advanced road. The main cities alongside it are becoming 27 (large) and more important in helping trade and culture exchange. Many countries have 28 (true) gained great benefits along the trading process. All in all, the ancient Silk Road is more like 29 historical textbook for everyone to read and to know about 30 happened during that ancient time. It has been playing a significant role in the development of the civilizations of China.
【答案】21．opportunities 22．as 23．was introduced 24．recording 25．poetic 26．aiming 27．larger 28．truly 29．a 30．what
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了丝绸之路的历史，现在的发展以及意义。
21．考查名词的数。句意：各地商人沿着这条路线寻找中国丝绸贸易的机会。此处应用名词opportunity作宾语，表示“机会”，为可数名词，应用复数形式表示泛指，故填opportunities。
22．考查介词。句意：那条路线是当时国际贸易的命脉。function as固定搭配，意为“起……的作用”。故填as。
23．考查时态与语态。句意：与此同时，中华文明被引进西方国家，反之亦然。此处在句中作谓语，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，且主语the Chinese civilization和动词introduce是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was introduced。
24．考查非谓语动词。句意：丝绸之路被认为是记载欧亚人民友谊的新篇章。此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词chapter，动词record和名词chapter是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，故填recording。
25．考查形容词。句意：今天，丝绸之路有一个富有诗意的名字——一带一路，旨在帮助那些在文化和经济交流方面相连的地区走上一条更加先进的道路。此处应用形容词poetic作定语，修饰名词name，故填poetic。
26．考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，丝绸之路有一个富有诗意的名字——一带一路，旨在帮助那些在文化和经济交流方面相连的地区走上一条更加先进的道路。此处是非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the Silk Route与aim之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填aiming。
27．考查形容词比较级。句意：在促进贸易和文化交流方面，沿路的主要城市正在变得越来越大，越来越重要。由句意和“more important”可知，此处表示“更大的”，应用形容词比较级，作表语。故填larger。
28．考查副词。句意：许多国家在贸易过程中确实获得了巨大利益。此处应用副词truly作状语，修饰动词gained，故填truly。
29．考查冠词。句意：总而言之，古代丝绸之路更像是一本历史教科书，人人都可以阅读并了解古代那个时期发生了什么。此处表示“一本历史教科书”，应用不定冠词来修饰，且historical发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
30．考查名词性从句。句意：总而言之，古代丝绸之路更像是一本历史教科书，人人都可以阅读并了解古代那个时期发生了什么。介词about后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。
（23-24高三下·陕西咸阳·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。
The Silk Road is neither an actual road nor a single route. It instead refers to a trade network 31 (date) from the Han dynasty of China. German geographer and traveler Ferdinand first used the term “silk road” in1877 C．E. 32 (describe) the well-traveled pathway of goods between Europe and East Asia. Although the trade network is commonly referred 33 as the Silk Road, some historians favor the term Silk Routes because it better reflects the many paths 34 (take) by traders.
One of the most 35 (influence) travelers of the Silk Road was Marco Polo. He traveled with his father to China when he was just 17. Upon his return, he wrote about his adventures, which 36 (make) him and the routes he traveled famous.
From China, merchants carried silk to Europe, 37 it was well received by the nobility and wealthy people. 38 traveled together with silk from Asia were jade, porcelain, tea and spices. In exchange, horses, glassware, textiles and manufactured goods traveled eastward.
The significance of the Silk Road to human history has received widespread 39 (recognize). Towns along 40 routes grew into multicultural cities. The exchange of information gave rise to new technologies and innovations that would change the world. Today, parts of the Silk Road are listed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List.
【答案】31．dating 32．to describe 33．to 34．taken 35．influential 36．made 37．where 38．What 39．recognition 40．the
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了丝绸之路的历史以及马可波罗在丝绸之路的冒险经历。
31．考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，它指的是一个可以追溯到中国汉代的贸易网络。句中已有谓语动词refers，空处应用非谓语动词，date from“追溯到”没有被动语态，故此处应用
现在分词作定语。故填dating。
32．考查非谓语动词。句意：1877年，德国地理学家和旅行家费迪南德首次使用“丝绸之路”一词来描述欧洲和东亚之间的货物流通之路。短语use sth. to do sth.表示“用……做……”，不定式表目的。故填to describe。
33．考查介词。句意：虽然贸易网络通常被称为丝绸之路，但一些历史学家更喜欢丝绸之路这个词，因为它更好地反映了商人们走过的许多道路。be referred to as表示“被称为”。故填to。
34．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然贸易网络通常被称为丝绸之路，但一些历史学家更喜欢丝绸之路这个词，因为它更好地反映了商人们走过的许多道路。because引导的原因状语从句中已有谓语动词reflects，空处应用非谓语动词，此处take与逻辑主语paths构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填taken。
35．考查形容词。句意：马可波罗是丝绸之路上最有影响力的旅行家之一。修饰名词travelers应用形容词influential，作定语。故填influential。
36．考查时态。句意：回国后，他写下了他的冒险经历，这使他和他旅行的路线出名。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据上文he wrote about his adventures可知发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填made。
37．考查定语从句。句意：商人把丝绸从中国运到欧洲，受到贵族和富人的欢迎。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Europe，在从句作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。
38．考查主语从句。句意：与丝绸一起从亚洲来的还有玉器、瓷器、茶叶和香料。引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物用what，首字母大写。故填What。
39．考查名词。句意：丝绸之路对人类历史的重要意义已得到广泛认可。作宾语，应用名词recognition，不可数。故填recognition。
40．考查冠词。句意：沿途的城镇发展成为多元文化的城市。此处routes特指丝绸之路，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
变式二：园林文化话题
（23-24高三上·江苏苏州·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
Building a successful garden in the Suzhou classical style took around 300 years. Garden-building, then, was traditionally a project taken on by a family, passing along from one generation 1 the next.
At the heart of Chinese classical gardens 2 (lie) a combination of Daoist and Buddhist philosophy. Gardens provide a place to escape from the demands of a 3 (political) engaged life. In order to facilitate 4 sense of calm and quiet, classical gardens aim at simplicity. All of the elements within the grounds — the rock formation, plants, pavilions (亭子), and waterways — 5 (construct) according to this concept.
Suzhou today is home to gardens representative of the key periods of development of classical gardening styles, the Yuan, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Suzhou 6 (arise) as
a famous center for gardening during the Song Dynasty. Song gardens aimed at the harmony in the layout of pavilions, trees and waterways, and placed special 7 (emphasize) on the mixture of color and size. Yuan gardens, built upon the Song tradition, sought 8 (make) more of an expressionist picture of the grounds. The development of classical gardens didn’t reach its peak 9 Ming and Qing Dynasties when garden designers built more multifunctional facilities than before.
Though many of Suzhou’s gardens have a history 10 (date) long before the Qing Dynasty, the Qing style is the form most noticeably reflected in the gardens existing today.
【答案】1．to 2．lies 3．politically 4．a 5．are constructed/were constructed 6．arose 7．emphasis 8．to make 9．until/till 10．dating
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了苏州园林的风格、历史和发展，详细阐述了不同朝代的园林特点和建造方式，以及园林所蕴含的哲学思想。
1．考查介词。句意：因此，园林建筑传统上是由一个家庭承担的项目，由一代传给下一代。此处考查固定搭配：from...to...意为“从……到……”。故填to。
2．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：中国古典园林的核心是道教和佛教哲学的结合。分析句子结构可知，本句为完全倒装句，lie作本句谓语，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是a combination of Daoist and Buddhist philosophy，为第三人称单数。故填lies。
3．考查副词。句意：园林为人们提供了一个逃避政治生活的地方。用副词修饰修饰空后的形容词engaged，故填politically。
4．考查冠词。句意：为了给人一种平静和宁静的感觉，古典园林以简洁为目标。此处是固定搭配：a sense of意为“……的感觉”。故填a。
5．考查动词时态语态。句意：园林内内的所有元素——岩层、植物、亭台楼阁和水道——都是根据这一概念建造的。分析句子结构可知，construct作本句谓语，和主语All of the elements within the grounds之间是被动关系，用被动语态，此处既可以理解为描述客观事实，用可以理解为描述已发生的事，所以用一般现在时或者一般过去时皆可。故填are constructed或者were constructed。
6．考查动词时态。句意：苏州在宋代崛起为一个著名的园艺中心。分析句子结构可知，arise作本句谓语，描述已发生的事，用一般过去时。故填arose。
7．考查名词。句意：宋代园林的目标是亭台、树木和水道的和谐布局，并特别强调颜色和大小的混合。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，emphasize的名词形式是emphasis，结合短语place emphasis on强调……，故填emphasis。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：园林建立在宋朝传统的基础上，试图创造更多的表现主义的园林画面。此处是固定搭配：seek to do sth.意为“试图做某事”。故填to make。
9．考查状语从句连接词。句意：古典园林的发展直到明清时期才达到顶峰，园林设计师们建造了比以前更多的多功能设施。根据句意，此处表达“直到明清时期才达到顶峰”之意，not until/till直到……才，故填until或者till。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管许多苏州园林的历史可以追溯到清朝之前，但清代风格是当今园林中最明显的体现。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词have，所以date用非
谓语动词，和逻辑主语history之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式，作后置定语，故填dating。
（23-24高三上·全国·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I have lived in Herne, Canterbury for 23 years. I 11 (bear) here and moved away to Guildford later, but Canterbury is one of the most beautiful, popular and historic cities in England.
People who live in Canterbury are welcoming and 12 (extreme) passionate about their city. We have a strong sense of community. It is 13 honor and privilege to work in such a beautiful 14 (locate). The Franciscan Gardens, the heart of the city, change so much throughout the seasons 15 there is always something incredible to see. Located beside the River Stour, the Franciscan Gardens are the site of the first settlement of the Franciscan Friars, sent over in 1224 by St Francis 16 (spread) the word and work for the poor. We have two amazing gardeners, Robert and Tracey, who take care 17 this wonderful setting. The gardens are the lungs of Canterbury, hidden behind the busy high street -- a place of peacefulness, full of history. As soon as you enter the gardens, the Friar’s Path takes you to the beautiful Wisteria Walk. Following on from this, is the stunning rose wall. We grow many vegetables and 18 (cut) flowers and medicinal plants, which are given to the patients in the Eastbridge Hospital next door. It is next to Greyfriars Chapel, the only 19 (remain)of the Franciscan Friary 20 most parts were destroyed by Henry Ⅷ during the dissolution.
【答案】11．was born 12．extremely 13．an 14．location 15．so 16．to spread 17．of 18．cutting 19．remains 20．whose
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了英国Canterbury的优美风光，表达了作者对它的热爱。
11．考查时态语态。句意：我出生在这里，后来搬到了吉尔福德，但坎特伯雷是英国最美丽、最受欢迎、最具历史意义的城市之一。分析句子结构可知，and连接的第一个并列句缺谓语动词，根据“moved”可知，用一般过去时，主语“I”和“bear”之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was born。
12．考查副词。句意：住在坎特伯雷的人热情好客，对他们的城市充满热情。根据“passionate”可知，空处需填副词作状语，修饰形容词。故填extremely。
13．考查冠词。句意：在这样一个美丽的地方工作是一件荣幸的事。根据“honor and privilege”可知，空处需填冠词修饰名词，此处泛指“一件荣幸的事”，故用不定冠词，honor以元音音素开头，故填an。
14．考查名词。句意：在这样一个美丽的地方工作是一件荣幸的事。根据“a beautiful”可知，空处需填单数名词，locate作动词，表示“位于”，名词location表示“地点，位置”，符合句意。故填location。
15．考查连词。句意：这座城市的中心——方济会花园一年四季都在变化，所以总有一些不可思议的东西值得一看。分析句子结构可知，空处缺连词，连接前后两个句子，根据句意可知，因为一年四季都在变化，所以总有惊喜，构成因果关系。故填so。
16．考查非谓语动词。句意：位于斯图尔河畔，方济会花园是方济会修士们的第一个定居点，他们于1224年由圣方济派遣到这里为穷人传播教义和作品。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“are”，故空处需填非谓语动词，根据句意可知，修士们被派遣到这里为了传播教义，sb be sent over to do sth, 故用动词不定式作宾补。故填to spread。
17．考查介词。句意：我们有两个很棒的园丁，罗伯特和特蕾西，他们打理着这个美妙的地方。take 2024年高考英语新课标卷真题深度解析与考后提升之语法填空
语法填空关键词：说明文,人与社会,丝路花园,玻璃温室,古丝绸之路,园林艺术,交流互鉴
Heatherwick Studio recently unveiled a new project, a kinetic greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust's Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful unfolding structure is at the center of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are used to create a protective 57 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel "sepals" made of glass and aluminum. These sepals open over four minutes to reveal a 1,517 square foot space like a crown.
The Glasshouse opens on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sun and ventilation. Then in colder weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road. The trading routes between Asia and Europe brought silk and spices as well as many plant species to Britain for 61 first time. These plants included modern Western 62 (favorite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
“This Heatherwick Glasshouse represents the cutting edge of technical design and engineering but it's also a restoration of something that is part of Woolbeding's history,” Mark Woodruff of The Woolbeding Charity says. “It stands 63 a crowning achievement in contemporary design, to house the flora of sub-tropical south-west China at the end of a path retracing the steps along the Silk Route, from temperate Europe and across mountains, arid lands and high pastures 64 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) and glory of gardening in England,” Mark Woodruff adds.
体裁 主题语境 关键词 学科素养 难度 难点
说明文 人与社会之科技与生活 a kinetic greenhouse 科技创新 ★★★★ 56，59，60，62，63，64题，涉及介词的搭配、熟词生义及长难句理解等
凸显文明互鉴，培养中国情怀和国际视野
高考英语命题注重通过精选语篇体现中华文明与世界文明的交流互鉴，引导学生增强国家认同和家国情怀，坚定文化自信，拓展国际视野，在跨文化交流学习中增进国际理解，推动世界文明共同发展。
新课标Ⅰ卷语法填空题选取的语篇介绍了英国“丝路花园”的整体设计以及其中新建成的玻璃温室，体现了古丝绸之路对英国园林艺术的独特影响，宣传了以和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢为核心的丝路精神。
新课标Ⅱ卷语法填空题选取的语篇报道了纪念中国古代作家汤显祖的雕塑和凉亭在英国作家莎士比亚故居落成的新闻，介绍了两位伟大作家之间的相似之处，展现了中西方文化的交流与融合。【中国考试·教育部教育考试院】
全文翻译：
Heatherwick工作室最近了设计一个新项目，这是一座位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室。这个美丽的展开结构位于一个新花园的中心，展示了丝绸之路如何影响现代的英国花园。最新的工程技术被用来创造一个保护功能的结构，它也很漂亮。该设计以10个由玻璃和铝制成的钢制“萼片”为特色。这些萼片在四分钟内打开，露出1,517平方英尺的空间，就像皇冠一样。
温室在温暖的日子开放，给里面的植物阳光和通风。然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构会保持紧密以保护植物。
此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园引导游客进行一场受古老丝绸之路影响的旅程。亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线为英国带来了丝绸和香料以及许多植物物种。这些植物包括现代西方的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香等。
“这款Heatherwick Glasshot代表了最前沿的技术设计和工程，但它也是对Woolbeding历史一部分的修复，”Woolbeding慈善机构的马克·伍德拉夫说。Mark Woodruff补充说:“它作为当代设计的最高成就，容纳了穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，来到丝绸之路的尽头温带的欧洲的中国亚热带西南部的植物群，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”
题源整理与分析
一、考纲词汇词形转换
1. engineer n 工程师 →n
2. protect vt 保护→adj. p
3. wind vi 上发条；蜿蜒→ adj.
4. visit vt. 参观→ n.
5. technology n.技术 →adj.
6. restore vt修复；恢复使用；归还→n.
7. rich adj.富有的；丰富的→ n.
二、考纲词汇识词知意
第一组：高频单词
1. unfold vt.
2. structure n.
3. feature vt.
4. reveal vt.
5. crown n.
6. route n.
7. ancient adj.
8. species n.
9. region n.
10. represent vt.
11. contemporary adj.
12. house vt.
13. habitat n.
14. define vt.
15. habitat n.
16.glory n.
第二组：低频单词
17. unveil vt.
18. kinetic adj.
19. sepal n.
20. aluminum n.
21. ventilation n.
22. sub-tropical adj.
23. south-west n.
24. retrace vt.
25. temperate adj.
26. pasture n.
27. span vi
三、高频短语积少成多
1. at the edge of
2. be made of
3. span from…to…
4. at the end of
四、核心考点单句填空
1. ____________(engineer) is a broad field that includes civil, mechanical, electrical, and many other specialties.
2. The new software has a ____________(function) interface that makes it easy for users to navigate.
3. We enjoy taking ____________(walk) along the river after dinner.
4. Her ____________(favor) color is blue, and blue is also one of my ____________(favorite).
五、熟词新意举一反三
1. January is my least favourite month.一月是我最不喜欢的月份。
2. This song is a particular favourite of mine. 我尤其喜爱这首歌曲。
3. She's the favourite to succeed him as leader.她最有希望接替他成为领导人。
4. The office is ten minutes' walk from here.从这里去办公室要步行十分钟。
5. Let's go for a walk .咱们去散散步吧。
6. She missed the bus and had to walk home.她没赶上公共汽车，只好步行回家。
7. He always walked her home.他经常护送她走回家。
8. They walk their dogs every day.他们每天遛狗。
六、长难句分析
"The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road and that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness and glory of gardening in England."
【翻译】这个花园还包括一条蜿蜒的小径，它引导游客穿越丝绸之路的十二个地区，并且这条小径将植物从它们在亚洲的原生栖息地带到了英国，成为定义英国园艺丰富和辉煌的很大一部分。
【分析】这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是a winding path，后面有两个that引导的定语从句。
【2023年新课标I卷语法填空】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 56 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 57 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 58 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 59 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 60 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 61 (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of 62 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 63 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 64 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 65 (want) more next time.
【2022年新课标I卷语法填空】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP). 56 (cover)an area about three times 57 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58 (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59 (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 60 (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61 leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62 (population)and homes of giant pandas, and 63 (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 64 an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 65 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【2021年新课标I卷语法填空】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. 56 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57 (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 58 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 59 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 60 (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 62 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 63 (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 64 (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 65 must to visit!
高考语法填空满分策略
一、语法填空有提示词类为动词
考法一、语法填空有提示词类为谓语动词
技法一　如何确定是否作谓语
句子结构分析法 1.分析句子结构知此句为简单句，在主语后面要填动词，而且只有这一个动词，则该空格应填谓语动词。 2.分析句子结构知此句为并列句，可知并列词前后两个句子都要有自己的谓语动词。 3.分析句子结构知此句为复合句，可知主从句都要有自己的谓语动词。 注意 1.根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态； 2.根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态； 3.根据主语确定谓语动词的数，做到主谓一致。
典例展示 (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)The GPNP 60 (design) to reflect the guiding principle of“protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological buffer zones,61.and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”. 分析句子结构可知，此句虽长，却是一个简单句。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态；主语是单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。
技法二　如何确定谓语动词的时态
解题思路 技法点拨
1.慧眼识别标志词 认清常考时态的标志性时间状语 (1)看到often，usually，always，sometimes等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。 (2)看到yesterday，last year，in 2022，the other day一段时间＋later等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时。 (3)看到tomorrow，next year，in the future，soon等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。 (4)看到at this moment，at present，now等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。 (5)看到since，recently，lately，already，in the last/past few years，so far/up to now，for＋时间段，ever since...等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。 (6)看到by then，by the end of...等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。
2.瞻前顾后找并列 (1)可根据并列连词and，but，or，rather than，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。 (2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。
3.通过“常用句式”法 掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。如： (1)was/were doing sth. when sb. did... (2)had (just) done sth. when＋一般过去时 (3)This/It/That is the first/second...time that sb. have/has done...
(4)This/It/That was the first/second...time that sb. had done... (5)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时 (6)It’s (high) time that...did/should do sth.
4.通过“语境暗示”法 分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，而没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题的一种行之有效的方法。
[针对训练]
1. Every time I go home to see my father, he often ________(fish) in the river near our village.
2. Qizai ___________(find) as a weak baby panda in 2009 in Qinling Mountains.
3. The exam results _____________(put) up tomorrow afternoon. Please wait patiently.
4. The twins ______________(help) their mother do the housework at this moment.
5. (2022·全国甲)In the last five years，Cao _______________(walk) through 34 countries in six continents，and in 2016，he reached the top of Kilimanjaro，Africa’s highest mountain.
技法三　如何确定谓语动词的语态
解题思路 技法点拨
1.依据逻辑关系，辨析主动或被动 (1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。 (2)被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词。 (3)再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。
2.牢记主动表被动含义的句式结构 (1)当feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容词时； (2)当cut，read，sell，wear，write，wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时； (3)当break out，take place，shut off，turn off，work out等动词短语表示“发生，关闭，制定”等意思时。
[针对训练]
1. On the last day of our week-long stay，we ____________(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore.
2. (2020·全国Ⅰ)Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brown University，says，“because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _______ (construct).”
3. (2022·河南许平汝联盟三模)Rather，it _______(see) as a typical reaction to the growing awareness of the problems that can result from climate change and other global threats.
4. There are many flowers in the garden，which _______(smell) so sweet that they attract many butterflies.
5. The coat which you bought for me is made of a kind of cloth ________ (wash) easily.
技法四 如何确定谓语动词的单复数形式(主谓一致)
解题原则 技法点拨
语法一致 (1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 (2)主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 (3)and，both...and...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。 (4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致。 (5)“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
就近一致 (1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)...，not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数通常与最近的主语保持一致。 (2)由there，here引起的句子中主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最近的主语保持一致。
意义一致 (1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group等。 (2)“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 (3)由分数、百分数或者some，a part of等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。
注意　what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果表语是复数名词，则谓语动词用复数形式。What the school needs are qualified teachers.
[针对训练]
1. (2019·天津改编)Amy，as well as her brothers，___________(give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
2. The poet and writer ___________( produce) many works so far，some of which have been translated into foreign languages.
3.Many a parent ____________(have) had to go through this same painful process.
4. The class _______(do) experiment when the teacher came in.
5. Up to now the sick ____________ (cure) and the lost ____________ (find).
考法二、语法填空有提示词为动词填写非谓语动词
技法一　如何确定是非谓语动词
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ) ___________ (cover) an area about three times 57 the size of Yellowstone National Park，the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
技法二如何确定作主语和表语的非谓语动词
考查方向 解题思路
非谓语动词 作主语 1.分析句子结构，找到句子的谓语部分，其前设空可能是缺少主语。如果是不具体的抽象的动作一般用-ing形式作主语；如果是具体的动作一般用不定式作主语。 2.掌握一些it充当形式主语，动词-ing形式/不定式作真正主语的句型。
非谓语动词作表语 1.现在分词作表语，意为“令人感到……的”。 2.动名词作表语，表示对主语内容的进一步说明和解释。 3.过去分词作表语，意为“本身感到……的”。 4.不定式作表语，表将来或目的。
[针对训练]
1. ___________(carry) a large quantity of cash could put the owner in danger as robberies quite often happened along the way.
2. (2019·全国Ⅲ)On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take ______(get) there.
3. (2021·全国甲)It is possible __________(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
4. (2018·全国Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel ____________ (challenge).
5. Bioprinting may be a relatively new field but the results so far are _____________(encourage).
技法三　如何确定作宾语的非谓语动词
考查方向 解题思路
作介词的宾语 1.介词和带介词的固定搭配后一定跟动名词作宾语。 2.带介词to的短语后也跟动名词作宾语, 如look forward to, get down to。 3.介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，且前面有实义动词do时，不定式省略to。
[针对训练]
1.Some say it is necessary for graduates to spend money in __________ (produce) embellished resumes and buying suitable clothes.
2.I won’t call myself the most accomplished person when it comes to ________(hold) chopsticks.
3.The windows were never opened except _______(air) the room for a few minutes.
考法三、语法填空有提示词为动词词类转换
如果所给动词既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则一般应进行词性转换，通常加后缀变为名词。常见的动词变名词的后缀有以下几种。
常见后缀 例词
-ment development，achievement，argument，movement，amazement 等
-ion/-ation relation，addiction，intention，determination，communication等
-ing meeting，greeting，drawing，painting，parking，writing 等
-er/-or/-ar waiter，farmer，worker，teacher，reporter，sailor，survivor，liar，beggar等
-ance/-ence assistance，importance，performance，existence，acceptance等
-al survival，arrival，approval，refusal，proposal 等
[针对训练]
1. (2022·全国甲)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road，in order to promote environmental ___________(protect).
2. A possible ________(win) for “Best Pun” might show Peter Rabbit，the character from The Tale of Peter Rabbit，with a tail made of marshmallow fluff(棉花糖).
3. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own ________(survive).
二、语法填空有提示词类为名词
技法一　如何确定名词的词形变化
考查方向 解题思路
名词变复数 1.有数词或者these，those，several，many，all，both，various，a number of 等词修饰时，名词用复数形式。 2.前有“one of”修饰时，名词用复数形式。 3.若谓语动词是复数形式，则作主语的名词用复数形式。
名词所有格 提示词与后面的名词为所属关系，应考虑名词所有格。单数名词或不以s 结尾的复数名词，在词尾加’s；以s结尾的单数或者复数名词，在词尾加’。
名词变形容词 提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词或前面有比较级修饰，则一般考查名词变形容词。一般在名词词尾加后缀-able；-al；-ful；-en；-y；-less；-ly； -ous等构成形容词，如：terrible，national，useful，wooden，healthy，careless，monthly，dangerous等。
名词变动词 提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。在名词词尾加后缀-en；-ize或前缀en-等构成动词，如：strengthen，apologize，encourage，endanger等。
[针对训练]
1. (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we _________(human) are.
2. “Making coins was one of the greatest financial ________(activity) in human history，” said researchers，adding that it allowed wealth to be traded easily.
3. These Yungang __________________(researcher) attempt is a good example of technology helping to preserve cultural heritage.
4. (2021·全国乙)Provide _________(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
5. (2022·全国甲)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___________ (meaning).
三、语法填空有提示词类为代词
考查方向 解题思路
人称代词 1.提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语时，应考虑人称代词主格(I，we，you，he，she，it，they等)形式。 2.提示词为代词，当句子缺少宾语或表语时应考虑人称代词宾格(me，us，you，him，her，it，them等)形式。
物主代词 1.提示词为代词，当句子缺少定语时，应考虑形容词性物主代词(my，our，your，his，her，its，their等)形式。 2.提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语或宾语，且表示拥有者时，应考虑名词性物主代词(mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs等)形式。
反身代词 提示词为代词，当该词作动词或介词的宾语或表语，且和主语是同一人时，应考虑反身代词(myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves等)形式。
[针对训练]
1. She showed _______(they) the microwave，water dispenser(饮水机) and refrigerator in the space kitchen.
2. All ____(we) yuanxiao are handmade，because it is the only way to maintain the traditional flavor.
3. (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)As the song goes，this long and winding road “will never disappear”，and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ______(I).
4. Although several hundred people have claimed ___________(they) as eyewitnesses of some giant apelike creatures in Shennongjia，there is no tangible evidence to confirm the existence of a “wild man”.
四、语法填空有提示词类为形容词
考查方向 解题思路
形容词变副词、名词 1.若空格处的词修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，应考虑副词形式。 2.若空格处在动词前作主语或介词或形容词后作宾语，应考虑名词形式。
形容词、副词变反义词 根据句意和前后逻辑关系，确定句意表否定时，可以添加否定前缀(il-，un-，im-，dis-等)或否定后缀(-less等)变为反义词。
形容词、副词变比较级 1.空前有much，far，still，even，rather，a little，a bit，a lot，a great deal，than等标志性词时应考虑用比较级。 2.句型“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”表示“越……，就越……”。 3.句型“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越……”。 4.“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。 5.句中如果没有标志词，但暗含比较级的意思，也需要用比较级。
形容词、副词变最高级 1.设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among等时，用最高级。 2.设空前有one of the，the＋序数词等修饰词时，用最高级。 3.句中如果没有标志词，但暗含最高级的意思，也需要用最高级。
[针对训练]
1. (2020·全国Ⅲ)Filled with _________(curious)，the artist packed his bags and left.
2. Over the past decades，the country has lost more than 30% of its forest cover due to _______(legal) logging.
3. (2021·浙江6月)When the house was built，it was much _______(small) than it is today.
4. (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets，the _______(hot) the spring！
5. (2022·全国甲)In the last five years，Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents，and in 2016，he reached the top of Kilimanjaro，Africa’s ________(high) mountain.
五、语法填空自由填空为连接词
技法一　如何确定并列连词
考查方向 解题思路
并列连词 分析关系 1.表示并列或递进关系的有：and，both...and...，not only...but (also)...等。 2.表 示 选 择 关 系 的 有：or，either...or...，not...but...等。 3.表示转折或对比关系的有：but，while等。 4.表示因果关系的有：so，for等。
并列连词 固定句型 1.“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句” 2.be doing...when... 3.be about to do...when... 4.be on the point of doing...when... 5.had just done...when...
[针对训练]
1. Only a few primate species sing，____ they are precious resources in our search for the evolutionary origins of human musicality.
2. He didn’t receive an award for his honesty _____ he did go from litter to glitter (闪光) in just one week.
3. We were sleeping ______ we heard the dog barking crazily outside.
4. Work more efficiently _____ you will have more time for the rest and relaxation.
5. Get down to your work at once ____ you will be fired.
技法二　如何确定定语从句的关系词
考查方向 解题思路
关系代词 1.先行词指人且所填关系词在从句中作主语时，可以用关系词that或who。 2.先行词指人且所填关系词在从句中作宾语时，可以用关系词that或whom或who，也可以不填。 3.先行词指物且所填关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，可以用关系词that或which。 4.先行词指人或物且所填关系词在从句中作定语时，可以用关系词whose。 5.在非限制性定语从句中不能用关系词that。 6.在非限制性定语从句中，如果先行词是前面的整个句子或句子的一部分时，可以用关系词as或which。as译为“正如”；which译为“这一点，这件事”，表明事物的状态或结果。
关系副词 先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词且所填关系词在从句中作状语时，可以用关系词when，where或why。 注意：先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词且所填关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，可以用关系词that或which。
介词＋关系词 1.关系词依据先行词来确定，如果先行词指人，用whom；如果先行词指物，用which；如果先行词指人或物，且关系词在从句中作定语，则用whose。 2.介词根据以下原则来确定：(1)与先行词的搭配；(2)与从句谓语的搭配。
注意　常见的只用that而不用which的情况：
(1)先行词指物是不定代词或者被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself
(2)先行词指物被序数词、形容词最高级或the only，the very，the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
This is the only thing that we can do now.
(3)先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
(4)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也作表语时，关系代词通常只用that。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
[针对训练]
1. (2020·天津改编)____ is described in paragraph 4，taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows the parent to enjoy quiet reading.
2. (2024·陕西渭南二模)In most Chinese tea villages，March is the time of year _____ locals start to pick and process tea.
3. Wind power is an ancient source of energy ____ which we may return in the near future.
4. The old lady had one son and two daughters，none of ______ treated her well，which made her very sad.
5. I’d appreciate my teacher very much without _______ help I couldn’t win the award.
技法三　如何确定名词性从句的连接词
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。分析句子结构，先找出主句的谓语动词，谓语动词之前的从句为主语从句，动词和介词后的为宾语从句，系动词后的为表语从句，名词后的从句且对名词内容加以解释的从句为同位语从句。判断出从句以后，再根据以下技法确定连接词。
[针对训练]
1.(2019·全国Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence _____ they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
2.(2022·江西萍乡二检)_________ anyone actually believes in a causal relationship between eating these foods and receiving the promised benefits or not is unclear.
3.(2020·全国Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist _____ paintings were almost lifelike.
4.That is _____ you have to overcome your laziness if you want to be outstanding in life.
5. Finally，the motto also represents a series of patterns of ______ countries should work together.
技法四　如何确定状语从句的连接词
考查方向 解题思路
状语从句的连接词 根据句意确定是什么状语从句从而确定连接词，常见的状语从句的连接词有： 1.时间状语从句while/when/as/since/before/after/until 2.条件状语从句if/unless/once 3.让步状语从句though/although/while/as 4.地点状语从句where 5.原因状语从句because/since/as
状语从句的连接词 根据固定句型来确定状语从句的连接词，常见的固定句型有： so/such...that... not...until... It will/won’t be＋...＋before... It was＋...＋before... It is some time＋since... whether...or not... no sooner...than... hardly...when...
[针对训练]
1._____ a keystone species disappears, other plants and animals may die off and not grow back.
2. ______ I got my first library card in the mid-1950s, my appreciation for the institution developed quickly.
3. _________ it is normal for you to want only the best for yourselves, that is the source of your problems and stress.
4.(2019·全国Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining ____ hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.
5.If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _____ you figure it out.
四、语法填空有提示词类为冠词、代词、介词
技法一　如何确定填冠词
考查方向 解题思路
不定冠词a/an 1.在文中第一次提到可数名词单数时，一般为泛指，用不定冠词a/an。 2.在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”时，用不定冠词a/an。 3.a一般用于发音以辅音音素开头的名词前，an一般用于发音以元音音素开头的名词前(注意：并不是指辅音字母或者元音字母开头的单词)。
定冠词the 1.第二次及以后提到时表特指，用定冠词the。 2.当名词后有定语修饰时，多数情况用定冠词the。 3.用在序数词或最高级前或有only，very，same等修饰的名词前。 4.用在“逢十”的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。 5.用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”。
6.用于世界上独一无二的事物前。 7.用于被演奏的西洋乐器前。
固定搭配 2.与定冠词the连用的常用短语： on the other hand 　　by the way take the place of... 　 in the front of... all over the world 　　at the end of the same (...) as 　　　by the end of... in the beginning 　　 at the same time at the beginning of... at the moment
[针对训练]
1.(2020 全国Ⅲ改编)In ancient China lived ____ artist whose paintings were almost lifelike.
2.Liuzhou luosifen，___ soup dish，is named by some people as “durian(榴莲) of soup”for its strong smell.
3.Designed and constructed to ______ highest ever standards for green and sustainable housing, the three villages will be able to accommodate 5,500 athletes and team officials.
4. The Antarctic is ____ only region in the world that has never been home to human civilization.
5.In a sometimes callous(冷漠的) world where people can be so focused on what they’re doing，a random act of kindness can make ____ difference.
技法二　如何确定填代词
考查方向 解题思路
代词的指代用法 1.如果空格前出现了单数名词，并且空格处作主语或宾语，可根据指代的情况用he，she，it或者him，her，it。 2.如果空格前出现了复数名词，并且空处作主语或宾语，可根据指代的情况用they或them。 3.如果前面出现了单数名词或者不可数名词，后面再次提到而且是特指，用that。 4.如果前面出现了复数名词，后面再次提到而且是特指，用those。 5.如果前面出现了单数名词，后面再次提到而且是泛指同名不同物的东西用one。
it的用法 1.指代天气、时间、距离等。 2.用作形式主语或形式宾语。 3.it用在一些固定句型和固定用法中。
注意　(1)常用it作形式主语的句型有：
It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他
It＋be＋adj.＋of/for sb. ＋to do sth.
It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth.
It is a pity/a fact/no wonder/adj.＋that...
It seems/appears/turns out/occurs to sb. ＋that...
It is said/reported/believed/...＋that...
It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.
(2)常用it作形式宾语的句型有：
主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/make/keep/...＋it＋补语＋to do sth. /that...
主语＋like/hate/love/appreciate/...＋it＋从句
(3)固定用法：
when it comes to...当谈到……
as sb. puts it正如某人所言
make it成功
[针对训练]
1.No bread eaten by a man is so sweet as _____ earned by his own labor.
2.He skimmed the pages quickly，then read ______ again more carefully.
3.If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand，could you get _____ for me？
4.____ is believed that there will be 2.5 billion automobiles worldwide by 2050.
5.I couldn’t have made ____ through those times without the support of my parents.
技法三　如何确定填介词
当空格后出现的是名词、代词或者动名词，且这些词不作主语、宾语或者表语时，需要考虑填介词。
[针对训练]
1.(2021·全国甲)It was built originally to protect the city __________ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复).
2.(2020·浙江7月)Some time after 10,000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ________, through agriculture.
3.Morgan says that it is time that people stopped standing by and recording on their phones when they see someone ____ trouble.
4.Born in Nanchang City in 1961，Zhi applied to work as a teacher at the primary school in Niyang village after graduation，though her mother strongly disagreed ______ her.
5.This route，known ____ the Great Ring Line, was also built by CRCC，and was the first European subway project designed by a Chinese company.
变式一：丝绸之路话题
（23-24高三下·河北张家口·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nanxun Water Town
Located on the Hangjiahu Plain of the Yangtze River Delta, Nanxun Water Town was one of the 1 (rich) towns in China during the Qing Dynasty, largely due to its role in both the production and trade of silk. A few thousand years ago, China was the only place in the world 2 produced silk. Even after the country began to export the goods throughout the world via the Silk Road, the means of silk production remained a 3 (close) guarded secret.
In time, though, some other world powers got 4 (they) hands on some highly desired silk eggs. Though the secret was out, and China no longer maintained a monopoly (垄断) over global silk production, the wealthy continued to turn to China 5 high-end, luxury silk. The same holds true even today, with China still 6 (control) over three quarters of the world market.
Towns like Nanxun, as well as neighboring cities like Suzhou and Hangzhou, were, and still are, major silk production centers. They’re also strategically located close to China’s Grand Canal, the man-made 1,800 km waterway that stretches from Beijing all 7 way down to Hangzhou. During the Qing Dynasty, business was going 8 well that Nanxun Water Town was even home to some of the wealthiest and most powerful families in the entire country. These families were known as the “four elephants.” Their luxurious houses and gardens, most of which 9 (build) using a unique mixture of Chinese and Western architecture, are presently maintained by the town and open to 10 (visitor).
（23-24高三下·安徽·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
This year marks the 700th anniversary of the 11 (dead) of Marco Polo(1254——1324),the great Venetian traveler 12 introduced Asia to the West.
Yet despite the fact that Marco Polo was 13 (high) recognized in China, there exists only one Chinese translation of The Travels of Marco pleted by Feng Chengjun and 14 (publish) by the Shanghai Commercial Press in 1936, this translation falls short of meeting modern standards of accuracy(准确), fluency and elegance. Feng summarized each chapter using classical Chinese, 15 (stick) to the literary style of that age. Furthermore, he depended on a modern French copy annotated(注解) by A．J. H. Charignon that was not always accurate.
In 2011, Rong Xinjiang, a history professor at Peking University and a leading scholar of Sino-foreign relations during the medieval(中世纪的) period, 16 (bring) together a study group to annotate The Travels of Marco Polo. There were many great scholars in the group,
including 17 (expert) on Mongol history, Iranian studies, 18 Chinese relations with the Silk Road kingdoms. While their translation——based on a 1938 text annotated by A．C． Moule and Paul Pelliot——remains unfinished, their work has already resulted 19 many books on Marco Polo, the Silk Road, and medieval trading centers like the 20 (east) city of Yangzhou.
（2024·山东·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With a history of more than 2,000 years, the Silk Route dates back to the Han dynasty. Through this route, the Chinese highly qualified silk made its fame to the western countries. The merchants (商人) in different regions sought 21 (opportunity) of trading Chinese silk along this route. That route functioned 22 the life blood of international trade at that time. Meanwhile, the Chinese civilization 23 (introduce) to the Western countries and vice versa. The Silk Route was considered as a new chapter 24 (record) the friendship between the European and Asian peoples.
Throughout all these years, many great figures have made significant contributions to the development of the Silk Route. Today, the Silk Route has a 25 (poet) name called One Belt One Road, 26 (aim) to help those connected regions in culture and economy exchange with a more advanced road. The main cities alongside it are becoming 27 (large) and more important in helping trade and culture exchange. Many countries have 28 (true) gained great benefits along the trading process. All in all, the ancient Silk Road is more like 29 historical textbook for everyone to read and to know about 30 happened during that ancient time. It has been playing a significant role in the development of the civilizations of China.
（23-24高三下·陕西咸阳·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。
The Silk Road is neither an actual road nor a single route. It instead refers to a trade network 31 (date) from the Han dynasty of China. German geographer and traveler Ferdinand first used the term “silk road” in1877 C．E. 32 (describe) the well-traveled pathway of goods between Europe and East Asia. Although the trade network is commonly referred 33 as the Silk Road, some historians favor the term Silk Routes because it better reflects the many paths 34 (take) by traders.
One of the most 35 (influence) travelers of the Silk Road was Marco Polo. He traveled with his father to China when he was just 17. Upon his return, he wrote about his adventures, which 36 (make) him and the routes he traveled famous.
From China, merchants carried silk to Europe, 37 it was well received by the nobility and wealthy people. 38 traveled together with silk from Asia were jade, porcelain, tea and spices. In exchange, horses, glassware, textiles and manufactured goods traveled eastward.
The significance of the Silk Road to human history has received widespread 39 (recognize). Towns along 40 routes grew into multicultural cities. The exchange of
information gave rise to new technologies and innovations that would change the world. Today, parts of the Silk Road are listed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List.
变式二：园林文化话题
（23-24高三上·江苏苏州·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
Building a successful garden in the Suzhou classical style took around 300 years. Garden-building, then, was traditionally a project taken on by a family, passing along from one generation 1 the next.
At the heart of Chinese classical gardens 2 (lie) a combination of Daoist and Buddhist philosophy. Gardens provide a place to escape from the demands of a 3 (political) engaged life. In order to facilitate 4 sense of calm and quiet, classical gardens aim at simplicity. All of the elements within the grounds — the rock formation, plants, pavilions (亭子), and waterways — 5 (construct) according to this concept.
Suzhou today is home to gardens representative of the key periods of development of classical gardening styles, the Yuan, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Suzhou 6 (arise) as a famous center for gardening during the Song Dynasty. Song gardens aimed at the harmony in the layout of pavilions, trees and waterways, and placed special 7 (emphasize) on the mixture of color and size. Yuan gardens, built upon the Song tradition, sought 8 (make) more of an expressionist picture of the grounds. The development of classical gardens didn’t reach its peak 9 Ming and Qing Dynasties when garden designers built more multifunctional facilities than before.
Though many of Suzhou’s gardens have a history 10 (date) long before the Qing Dynasty, the Qing style is the form most noticeably reflected in the gardens existing today.
（23-24高三上·全国·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I have lived in Herne, Canterbury for 23 years. I 11 (bear) here and moved away to Guildford later, but Canterbury is one of the most beautiful, popular and historic cities in England.
People who live in Canterbury are welcoming and 12 (extreme) passionate about their city. We have a strong sense of community. It is 13 honor and privilege to work in such a beautiful 14 (locate). The Franciscan Gardens, the heart of the city, change so much throughout the seasons 15 there is always something incredible to see. Located beside the River Stour, the Franciscan Gardens are the site of the first settlement of the Franciscan Friars, sent over in 1224 by St Francis 16 (spread) the word and work for the poor. We have two amazing gardeners, Robert and Tracey, who take care 17 this wonderful setting. The gardens are the lungs of Canterbury, hidden behind the busy high street -- a place of peacefulness, full of history. As soon as you enter the gardens, the Friar’s Path takes you to the beautiful Wisteria Walk. Following on from this, is the stunning rose wall. We grow many
vegetables and 18 (cut) flowers and medicinal plants, which are given to the patients in the Eastbridge Hospital next door. It is next to Greyfriars Chapel, the only 19 (remain)of the Franciscan Friary 20 most parts were destroyed by Henry Ⅷ during the dissolution.
（23-24高三上·江苏扬州·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Seeing these “gardens” is like looking at a universe in a plant pot. The miniature(微型的)branches spread and twist, 21 (demonstrate) the beauty of nature, so as to allow viewers to stop and reflect on the circle of life. The potted landscape of penjing 22 (be) a representative of top-ranking garden art ever since its existence.
Expectedly, the Suzhou-style penjing cultivation technique was listed 23 a nation a-level intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产) in 2011. 24 penjing, Suzhou gardens wouldn’t be as charming as they are today. Once the construction of a garden is completed, its buildings are set, but planting can grow and change, which makes gardens 25 (live).
The history of penjing 26 (date) back to the Tang Dynasty when the great poet Bai Juyi used some stones 27 (create) miniature landscapes in pots. And the Ming Dynasty marked a boom in the economy of Suzhou, the very period 28 turned the city into a major cultural center. Because of that long history, Suzhou-style penjing is often seen as 29 fundamental school of Chinese planting art.
Penjing works are beautiful, but people think that they were owned by the rich. However, only when they are enjoyed by general 30 (consume) can they benefit from being part of people’s wider modern artistic taste.
（23-24高三上·湖北黄冈·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The British love their gardens. British men and women spend hours and hours every week trying to make their garden look as 31 (beauty) as possible, competing 32 (produce) the flattest, greenest lawns in the neighbourhood.
So 33 can you find in a typical British garden The average garden has a lawn and a flower bed. Others may have vegetable patches (小块土地). Another typical 34 (add) is the pond. The ponds are small areas of water that 35 (design) to look like real rock pools, with running water, fish, and vegetation.
One of the most unusual objects to be found in a garden is the shed. This is a sacred place, 36 (particular) for British men. Sheds are little wooden or plastic constructions 37 (pack) with gardening tools, and the junk 38 finds its way there. The shed is a place where British men are truly at home. It’s a place far away from the hard reality of the outside world, and a place where 39 (hobby) can be pursued in peace.
So what do the British do in their gardens Most time is devoted 40 hard gardening work. But the garden is also a place for entertainment. The British love to organise barbecue parties in their gardens.
一、给出下列单词的形容词（加-al）
1. addition→ 附加的额外的
2. class→经典的
3. medicine → 医学的
4. music→音乐的
5. nature→ 自然的
6. person→私人的
7. nation→ 国家的
8. education→ 有教育意义的
9. tradition→ 传统的
10. origin→ 新颖的；独创的
11. grammar→ 语法的
12. globe→全球的
13. agriculture→ 农业的
14. culture→ 文化的
15. season → 季节性的
16. condition → 条件的
17.function→ 发挥作用的
二、给出下列单词的名词（加-ness）
1. dark→ 黑暗
2. weak→ 虚弱
3. kind →善良
4. cold→ 冷淡；冷漠
5. aware→ 知道；意识
6. ill → 病
7. sad→ 悲伤
8. rich →丰富；充实