2024年中考英语语法讲解主谓一致&即学即练（含答案）

中考英语语法讲解主谓一致&即学即练
知识点讲解
英语中，主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词在人称和数上的一致关系。一般说来，我们可以把主谓一致分为：语法一致，概念一致和就近一致三种情况。
语法一致：谓语动词和主语在单复数形式上保持一致。
概念一致：谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表示的概念，而不是其语法形式。
就近一致：谓语动词的数与相邻的名词或代词保持一致。
一、由and连接的两个名词作主语，指同一人或物，或指成为一体的物品，或主语分别被each、every或no修饰时，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：The headmaster and secretary is coming to our class this afternoon.Each animal and each tree is well tended in the park. The bread and butter is served for breakfast.
二、“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，中心词是number，谓语动词用单数形式；“a number of+复数名词”作主语时，中心词是短语中的复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The number of the students in our school is 3,000. A number of students are league members.
三、主语后面跟有with、together with、along with、as well as、but、except、besides、in addition to等引导的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持“数”的一致。如：The teacher as well as the students was excited at the news.These rooms with their furniture were rented.
四、当there be…句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语通常与最邻近的主语保持一致。如：There is a desk and two chairs in my room.There are two chairs and a desk in my room.
五、主语中的名词或代词由分数、百分数或some of、most of、all of、the rest of等短语限定时，谓语动词的单复数形式要跟中心名词保持一致。如：Two thirds of the workers are from the countryside. Two thirds of the work has been finished so far.
六、有些名词，如人名、书名、剧名、报纸名、国名、学科名称、组织机构等，形式上是复数，其作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如果是复数形式的山脉、群岛、海峡、湖泊等的名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：Maths is not interesting to me.The Himalayas are the roof of the world.
七、一些不定代词，如something、anything、somebody、anybody、everything、nothing等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：Something is wrong with my watch. Is everybody here today
八、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：Ten kilometers is quite a long way for the old man. Three months has passed already.
九、clothes、shoes、trousers、glasses、scissors等表示成双的东西的名词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数形式。但是，当这些名词前有表示数量的pair时，要根据pair的单复数来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。如：The scissors aren’t sharp.This pair of glasses is mine.
十、关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数一般与句子当中的先行词的数保持一致。如：Those who want to go please sign your names here.Some of the energy that is used by mancomes from the sun
即学即练
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
My brother, together with his classmates　　　　 (have) gone to Shanghai.
. The number of people invited　　　　 (be) fifty, but a number of them　　　　 (be) absent for different reasons.
— Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, 　　　　 (hope) to go to university. — So do I.
A large number of students in our school　　　　 (be) boys.
The pants　　　　 (be) a bit too tight.
He is the only one of the students who　　　　 (be) elected.
Look! The whole class　　　　 (listen) to the teacher attentively.
Ten minutes　　　　 (seem) like an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.
Surely someone　　　　 (know) where the documents are.
The United States of America　　　　 (be) one of the most developed countries in the world.
This pair of shoes　　　　 (be) too big for my little son.
Between the two rows of trees　　　　 (stand) the teaching building.
Every possible means　　　　 (use) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
E-mail, as well as telephones,　　　　 (play) an important part in daily communication now.
15. There　　　　 (be) many places of interest in Nanjing.
参考答案1. has 2. was; were 3. hopes 4. are 5. are 6. is 7. are listening8. seems 9. knows 10. is 11. is 12. stands 13. has been used 14. plays 15. are