2024年中考英语二轮语法专题复习 定语从句 课件(共28张PPT)

(共28张PPT)
中考英语复习
定语从句
知识梳理
01
1.She is a lovely girl.
2.I have two girlfriends.
3.The girl in pink is my daughter.
4.I have a pencil box.
5.The ipad there is mine.
6.The boy to take the ball is my son.
7.I have a friend called Bob.
8.He likes music that isn't too loud.
形容词做定语
数词做定语
介词短语做定语
名词做定语
副词做定语
不定式做定语
分词做定语
定语从句做定语
定 语
主句
定语从句
先行词
关系词
She is the singer that I met last week.
① 代替先行词
② 连接主从句
② 充当从句的成分
that, who, whom, whose, which
where, when,why
关系代词
关系副词
定语从句的结构
关系词 指代人或物 定语从句中充当的成分
关系 代词 that
which
who
whom
whose
关系 副词 when
where
why
人或物
物或句子
主语 、宾语
宾语
人或物（所属关系）
人
人
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
时间
地点
原因
主语、宾语、
主语、宾语
定语
定语从句用法
I like music (that/which )I can dance to.
I like singers who /that can write their own songs.
注意：
1.定语从句中先行词是物，从句用that/which引导。
2.定语从句中先行词是人，从句用who /that引导。
语法：定语从句
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
先行词
先行词
关系词
关系词
定语从句
定语从句
I have an apple.
The apple is red.
I have an apple
that/which is red.
修饰先行词 an apple
I like some friends.
Some friends like sports.
I like frineds
who/that like sports.
修饰先行词 friends
Do you like________
scary movies.
I love movies that______________.
are scary
（恐怖的）
Do you like_______
dramas.
I love movies that__________________.
have sad but beautiful stories
（有悲伤却很美的故事）
Do you like_______
documentaries.
I prefer movies that______________.
provide plenty of information
（提供大量信息）
What kind of music do you like I love music that/which I can sing along with.
What kind of groups does Xu Fei like He prefers groups that/which play quiet and slow songs.
What kind of movies do you like I prefer movies that/which give me something to think about.
What kind of musicians does Carmen like She likes musicians who play different kinds of music.
说出下表中定语从句的先行词和关系代词。
love, prefer, like是表达喜好的三个动词。
What kind of music do you like I love music that/which I can sing along with.
What kind of groups does Xu Fei like He prefers groups that/which play quiet and slow songs.
What kind of movies do you like I prefer movies that/which give me something to think about.
What kind of musicians does Carmen like She likes musicians who play different kinds of music.
that/which 指代music，指物，作宾语，可省略
that/which 指代groups，指物， 作主语
that/which 指代movies，指物，作主语
who 指代musicians, 指人 ，作主语。也可以用that指代
下列定语从句中的关系代词指代什么？在定语从句中作什么成分？
关系代词
that
1.Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
3.The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.
2.I prefer musicians that play different kinds of music.
that引导定语从句时，既可以_____，也可以____，
在从句中可以_____作或______。做______时可省略，做_____不可省略。
指人
指物
主语
宾语
主语
宾语
关系代词
which
1.Mary likes music which is quiet and gentle.
3.The coat (which) I put on the desk is blue.
2.I prefer groups which play different kinds of music.
which引导定语从句时，只可以_____，在从句中可以_____作或______。做______时可省略，做_____不可省略。
指物
主语
宾语
主语
宾语
关系代词
who/whom
1.The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
3.The man (who/whom) I met yesterday is Mr. Hu.
2.I prefer musicians who play different kinds of music.
who/whom引导定语从句时，只可以_____，who在从句中作_____，whom作______。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，作宾语可省略，who作主语时不可省。
指人
主语
宾语
关系代词
whose
1.The girl whose mother is a policewoman is from England.
2.The book whose cover is broken is mine.
whose引导定语从句时，既可以_____，也可以_____,在从句中可以作______。
定语
指人
指物
如何准确地翻译定语从句
（1）Usually they get these important nutrients(营养) from the rich soil(土壤) in which they're planted.
这句话里面的关系代词是which，被修饰的先行词是soil，在后面的定语从句里面作宾语，句中的in提前了。所以这句话的译文是：
通常，它们从它们被种植的富饶土壤里面得到重要的营养物质。
（2）But there's another way to grow plants that doesn't use soil.
这句话里面的先行词是that，很容易找出来，that后面的那一部分是定语从句，它修饰前面的way，而不是plants。本句话的译文是：
但是，有另一种不用土壤的方法来种植植物。
（3）The water is filled with special food for the plants that gardeners have carefully measured and prepared.
很容易找到that的所在，后面是定语从句，前面找先行词，在这里，先行词是food。找到这三部分后，我们就能翻译出来了：
给植物的水里面加入园艺工人仔细称量和准备的特殊食物。
4）In ordinary gardens， plants need time and energy to grow long roots that search the soil for food and water.
这句话里面的关系代词仍然是that，后面是定语从句，前面紧挨着的roots是先行词。翻译如下：
在普通的花园里，植物需要时间和能量生长出为了食物和水吸收养分的长长的根。
（5）Scientists hope that， one day， hydrogenic gardens may be able to help hungry people all over the world grow enough food-even in countries that have bad soil， or weather that is too hot， too cold， or too dry.
这句话很长，仍然是that作为关系代词引导的定语从句，一起来翻译一下：
科学家希望，有一天，无土种植可以帮助全世界饥饿的人们生长出足够的食物——甚至在那些土壤贫瘠的国家，或是天气是太热，太冷或太干的地方。
（6）And astronauts hope to take hydrogenic gardens with them to the spaceship they fly to Mars， so that they will always have fresh vegetables， and the fun of growing a garden without dirt.
这句话里面省略了关系代词that，它应该出现在spaceship的后面，they fly to Mars来修饰前面的spaceship。因此，翻译如下：
宇航员希望带无土种植随他们飞往火星的太空飞船上，以便于他们将总是拥有新鲜的蔬菜，和无土种植的乐趣。
模拟练习
02
(　　)1. The boy _____ has two lovely dogs.
A. who live next door B. which lives next door
C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door
(　　)2. Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years.
Everything ________ comes into sight is so new to me.
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
(　　)3. This is one of the most interesting cities ________ I have ever visited.
A. who B. that C. which D. where
(　　)4.Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born
A. where B. in that C. that D. which
(　　)5.I still remember the time_____we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year.
A. when B. what C. who D. which
Fill in the blanks with who, that or which. More than one answer may be possible.
A: Hi, Cindy! Would you like to see Sky High in 2050 this weekend
B: Hmm...no, I don’t think movies __________ try to describe the future are very interesting. Could we see City Danger instead
A: You mean, the new police story __________ was filmed in five countries
B: Yes, that’s the one. The actor _____ plays the hero used to be a schoolteacher!
A: OK, sure. It sounds like something _________ we both will enjoy!
that/which
that/which
who
that/which
Complete the sentences about yourself.
1. I don’t like music ________________.
2. I enjoy spending time in places __________________.
3. I have friends ______________________________.
4. I like movie stars ______________________________.
that is too loud
that are relaxing
who are friendly and helpful
who are beautiful or handsome
thanks