新人教版 必修二 Unit 4 Words and expressions 课件
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| 名称 | 新人教版 必修二 Unit 4 Words and expressions 课件 |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-06-12 10:04:00 | ||
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UNIT
4
HISTORY AND
TRADITIONS
Vocabulary
1. individual [ nd v d u l]
构词：in (否定) + divid (divide分) + u (you) + al (adj.后缀)
派生：individualism n 个人主义 individuality n 个性；特征
搭配：
adj [只用于名词前] 单独的；个人的
Each individual leaf on the tree is different from each other.
Most travel agents are prepared to tailor travel arrangements to meet individual requirements.
adj. 独特的；与众不同的
These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.
n [C] 个人；个体；人
All our courses are personalized to the needs of the individual.
2. puzzle [ p zl]
派生：puzzled adj. 困惑的；迷惑的 → puzzling adj. 令人困惑的，令人迷惑的 → puzzlement n. 困惑，苦思
搭配：n．谜；智力游戏；疑问
be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜
work out a puzzle 解谜
vt. 迷惑；使困惑
puzzle (oneself/sb.) about/over苦苦思索，绞尽脑汁
puzzle out 仔细考虑解决（难题等）
e.g. It puzzled me that the boy was not puzzled about the puzzling question, which is also a puzzle to my classmates.
那个男孩对那个令人困惑的问题并不感到困惑，这令我困惑，对我的同学来说也是个谜。
3. break away (from sb/sth)
拓展：
与break有关的短语：
break up 分解；打碎；破裂；分手
break into 强行闯入；忽然开始 (大笑、唱歌、欢呼等) : break into laughter
break out (战争等)突然发生，爆发: break out laughing
break off 断开；停顿；中断
break in 强行进入；打断；插嘴
break down 发生故障；垮掉；失败；失控崩溃
“动词 ＋ away”构成的动词短语：
break away脱离；背叛；逃脱
take away消除，解除；带走，拿走
give away泄露，赠送
脱离；背叛；逃脱
4. belong [b l ]
派生：belongings n. 所有物，财产，财物
搭配：belong to 属于；是……的成员；应归入
e.g. Victory belongs to the most persevering. 胜利属于最坚忍的人。 — Napoleon
e.g. Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.
注意：
belong to 不用于进行时与被动语态；
belong to 其中to为介词
vi. 属于；应在(某处)；适应
5. as well as
搭配：与……一样好
e.g. Few guitarists can sing as well as they can play; Eddie, however, is an exception.
和；也；除……之外
e.g. As a new president, unfortunately for him, his title brought obligations as well as privileges.
As well as writing short stories, I love reading and listening to folk music.
备注：as well as 用作连词时，连接两个并列句子成分，但连接两个主语时，谓语动词与其前面的主语保持一致；
as well as用作介词时，可放在句首，与besides, in addition to意思相近；
注意:
(1) as well as 连接主语时，谓语动词应与as well as前的主语保持人称和数的一致。
The teacher as well as all his students is going to see her off tomorrow.
(2) as well 也；又；还（句末），意为“也，又”，常放在句尾，相当于too。
6. currency [ k r nsi]
n. 通货；货币
current [ k r nt]
adj. 流通的; 当前的
current time
total time
派生：current adj. 流通的；目前的
currently = at present 在目前
7. defence [d fens]
派生：defensive adj. 防御的；保护的；保卫的；戒备的
defend vt. 保护；保卫
搭配：defend ... from/ against ...
= protect sb. from/ against sth. 保护/保卫……免受……
n. 防御；保卫；防护：
e.g. The needs of both could be strengthened if Europe invested more in defence.
n. 防务；防御物；防御能力：
e.g. The body has natural defence mechanisms to protect it from disease.
n. 辩护；辩解：
in defence (of...) 为了保护/ 保卫 (……) 为……辩护
e.g. I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand.
n. (体育运动中的) 后卫；防守队员
defence / defense 语义网络图
防御；保卫；防护
基本义
具体的防御物
防务；防御物；防御能力
辩护；辩解
后卫；防守队员
语言的防御
比赛中的防御
看图猜词
5. surround
围绕
8. surround [s ra nd]
派生：surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的
surroundings n. 环境(复数)
意为“环境”时， surroundings一定要用复数形式哟！
搭配：包围；环绕；围困
be surrounded by/with... 被……环绕/包围
e.g. To some families, happiness is being surrounded by family members and friends.
surround...with... 以……包围……
e.g. If you’re serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, it’s extremely important to surround yourself with people who’ll provide you with the proper emotional support.
与……紧密相关
How to cope with some issues surrounding alcohol abuse
9. evidence [ ev d ns]
派生：evident adj.清楚的；显而易见的；显然的（同：obvious）
evidently adv. 显而易见地
同义：proof n. 证据
句式：There is evidence that+句子 有证据表明……
It’s evident that...显而易见的是……
n. 证据；证明（不可数名词）
10. achievement [ t i vm nt]
派生：achieve v. 取得，获得 → achievable adj 可达到的；可获得的
搭配：n. 达成；完成
They worked hard at whatever they did, but they had a sense of achievement.
n. 成就；功绩；成绩：
If they can make achievements in study at school and find a satisfactory job afterwards, it will not be a big problem.
He was awarded a prize for his achievements in physics.
achieve success / progress 取得成功、进步
achieve a goal/an aim 实现目标
11. location [l ke n]
派生：locate v. 坐落于
搭配：be located in/on/at... 位于
12. battle [ b tl]
“battle”一词开始作为一个比较大众的网络语被大家所熟知，是因为近两年国内综艺节目掀起了一波嘻哈狂潮，譬如《中国有嘻哈》、《这就是街舞》、《热血街舞团》。
“battle”一词常常用于在说唱、街舞中，rapper和rapper之间，dancer和dancer之间的一种PK较量，即人与人之间的“战斗”。
12. battle [ b tl]
搭配： n. 战役；战斗；斗争；较量
fight/ win/ lose a battle
battle field 战场
vt & vi (与……) 斗争；(与……) 战斗：
battle with/against... 同……作斗争
batter for...为了……而斗争
e.g. I have battled with / against my conscience over whether I should actually send this letter.
13. port [p t]
airport
n. 港口（城市）
n. 机场
transport
n./v. 运输
export vt. & vi. 输出；出口
import v. 进口
vt & vi (向……) 收费；开价
① charge for... 收……的费用
Do you think museums should charge for admission
② charge sb money for sth. 因某事向某人收费
Everyday you charge me money for a cup of coffee.
vt 指控；控告
charge sb with (doing) sth=accuse sb of(doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事
She was charged with driving under the influence.
vt & vi (给……) 充电
This will increase the time to charge the battery.
14. charge [t ɑ d ]
n. 主管；负责
① in charge of...负责/主管……(主语通常为人)
The old manager who was in charge of the company used to charge the workers for charging their cell phones.
in the charge of...由……管理(主语通常为物)
When the company is in the charge of the new manager, charging phones is free of charge.
② take charge of...接管/负责……
At first she tried to take charge of the meeting but I soon put her in her place.
n. 费用；价钱
Delivery and installation in the downtown is free of charge.
n. 指控；罪名
Tom was sentenced to three years’ imprisonment on the charge of stealing.
n. 电荷；电量
They would be particles of positive / negative charge.
负荷
（基本义）
charge
罪名的负荷
金钱的负荷
责任的负荷
负责
费用
指控
电荷的负荷
电量
charge语义网络图
n
(向……) 收费；开价
指控；控告
(给……) 充电
(向……) 冲；进攻
v
15. announce [ na ns]
派生：announcement n. 宣布，声称 → announcer n. 宣告者；播音员；报幕员；解说员
搭配：It's announced that... 据宣布……
make an announcement 发布宣告或通知
announce sth. to sb.向某人宣布某事
(announce的宾语只能是sth. 或that从句，不能加双宾语， “向某人宣布或通知某人”应用announce to sb.)
16. amount [ ma nt]
练习：
A large amount of money ____ (be) donated by the generous poet to the flood-stricken area last week.
Large amounts of money ____ (be) donated by the generous poet to the flood-stricken area last week.
was
were
a large amount of + un. + 谓单
large amounts of + un. + 谓复
amount to
达到 (某数量)；合计：
The cost would amount to less than $200 billion a year.
相当于；等于；意味着：
Keeping what belongs to another person amounts to stealing.
the amount of... ……的数量
搭配：
修饰不可数名词短语：a great deal of；a large amount of ; much
17. approach [ pr t ]
搭配： (an) approach to 接近，近似；(做某事)的方法/途径
n. 靠近；接近：
The students stopped talking and kept silence at the teacher’s approach.
n. 通道；道路
All approaches to the outside of the town were blocked.
n. (处理……的) 方法；(达到……的) 途径
Perhaps there is a different approach to the problem.
跟to搭配的常见名词还有：answer, key, solution, visit, way, path, contribution, entrance, exit, access等
17. approach [ pr t ]
vt & vi (距离上) 靠近 (near)；(时间上) 临近； (数量上) 接近
The population of our province is now approaching 74 million.
vt 与……接洽 approach sb. for sth. 为某事找某人
The students would like to approach their teacher for some advice.
vt 处理
It was his custom to approach every problem / matter / task cautiously.
表示处理的词还有：
deal with, handle, address
approach语义网络图
v
n
（距离上）靠近；（时间上）临近；（数量上）接近
靠近；接近
与……接洽
通道；道路
（处理……的）方法
（达到……的）途径
“靠近”距离、时间、数量等
“靠近”人
“靠近”事情
处理
靠近
基本义
18. generous [ d en r s]
派生：generosity n. 慷慨，大方；宽宏大量
搭配：be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨
be generous with sth. 在某方面大方
句式：It's generous of sb. to do sth.某人做某事很慷慨
19. position [p z n]
位置
（基本义）
place
在社会上的位置
人身体 / 物体的位置
在空间上的位置
位置；方位; (恰当或正确的) 位置
在工作中的位置
比赛中的位置
处境中的位置
观点的位置
姿势；(物体所指的) 方向
地位；身份
职位；职务
(比赛中的) 名次
处境；状况
立场；观点；态度
n
v
放置；安放
20. eager [ i ɡ (r)]
派生：eagerly adv. 急切地；渴望地；热心地 → eagerness n. 渴望；热心
搭配：be eager for... ＝
be eager to do sth.
词块：long to/ for 渴望……
be dying to / for
be thirsty to / for
have a strong desire to do
21. roll [r l]
搭配：n [C] 卷；卷形物；面包卷；(正式的)名册
roller coaster n. 过山车
rock’n’roll (rock-and-roll) 摇滚乐
a roll of …一卷
vt & vi (使) 滚动；转动
roll in 滚滚而来；大量涌来
roll over 翻身；打滚
22. dot
23. greet [ɡri t]
派生：greeting n. (常用复数形式)问候； 祝贺； 贺辞
搭配：greet sb. with... 用……迎接某人/向某人打招呼
be greeted by ……扑面而来
11月21日是“世界问候日”，是第四次中东战争（Fourth Middle East War）期间（1973年10月6日至10月26日），为促进埃及（Egypt）与以色列（Israel）之间的和平，来自澳大利亚（Australia）的姆可马克（McCormack）与米切尔（Michael）两兄弟自愿宣传并设立的。节日的意义在于向全世界祈祷和平。
不同国家的不同问候方式
World Hello Day
24. crowd [kra d]
派生：crowded adj. 拥挤的；塞满的
搭配：n.人群；一群人；民众；
a crowd of 一群……
翻译歌词：歌曲《传奇》中的歌词
“只是因为在人群中多看了你一眼，再也没能忘掉你容颜。”
仅供参考：Just because of one more glance at you in the crowd, I can’t forget your face from that moment on.
vt. 挤满；使……拥挤
crowd in/ on （想法、问题等）涌上心头；涌入脑海
crowd into 涌入；挤入
crowd into one's mind 涌入某人的脑海
be crowded with 挤满；充满
THANK YOU
UNIT
4
HISTORY AND
TRADITIONS
Vocabulary
1. individual [ nd v d u l]
构词：in (否定) + divid (divide分) + u (you) + al (adj.后缀)
派生：individualism n 个人主义 individuality n 个性；特征
搭配：
adj [只用于名词前] 单独的；个人的
Each individual leaf on the tree is different from each other.
Most travel agents are prepared to tailor travel arrangements to meet individual requirements.
adj. 独特的；与众不同的
These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.
n [C] 个人；个体；人
All our courses are personalized to the needs of the individual.
2. puzzle [ p zl]
派生：puzzled adj. 困惑的；迷惑的 → puzzling adj. 令人困惑的，令人迷惑的 → puzzlement n. 困惑，苦思
搭配：n．谜；智力游戏；疑问
be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜
work out a puzzle 解谜
vt. 迷惑；使困惑
puzzle (oneself/sb.) about/over苦苦思索，绞尽脑汁
puzzle out 仔细考虑解决（难题等）
e.g. It puzzled me that the boy was not puzzled about the puzzling question, which is also a puzzle to my classmates.
那个男孩对那个令人困惑的问题并不感到困惑，这令我困惑，对我的同学来说也是个谜。
3. break away (from sb/sth)
拓展：
与break有关的短语：
break up 分解；打碎；破裂；分手
break into 强行闯入；忽然开始 (大笑、唱歌、欢呼等) : break into laughter
break out (战争等)突然发生，爆发: break out laughing
break off 断开；停顿；中断
break in 强行进入；打断；插嘴
break down 发生故障；垮掉；失败；失控崩溃
“动词 ＋ away”构成的动词短语：
break away脱离；背叛；逃脱
take away消除，解除；带走，拿走
give away泄露，赠送
脱离；背叛；逃脱
4. belong [b l ]
派生：belongings n. 所有物，财产，财物
搭配：belong to 属于；是……的成员；应归入
e.g. Victory belongs to the most persevering. 胜利属于最坚忍的人。 — Napoleon
e.g. Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.
注意：
belong to 不用于进行时与被动语态；
belong to 其中to为介词
vi. 属于；应在(某处)；适应
5. as well as
搭配：与……一样好
e.g. Few guitarists can sing as well as they can play; Eddie, however, is an exception.
和；也；除……之外
e.g. As a new president, unfortunately for him, his title brought obligations as well as privileges.
As well as writing short stories, I love reading and listening to folk music.
备注：as well as 用作连词时，连接两个并列句子成分，但连接两个主语时，谓语动词与其前面的主语保持一致；
as well as用作介词时，可放在句首，与besides, in addition to意思相近；
注意:
(1) as well as 连接主语时，谓语动词应与as well as前的主语保持人称和数的一致。
The teacher as well as all his students is going to see her off tomorrow.
(2) as well 也；又；还（句末），意为“也，又”，常放在句尾，相当于too。
6. currency [ k r nsi]
n. 通货；货币
current [ k r nt]
adj. 流通的; 当前的
current time
total time
派生：current adj. 流通的；目前的
currently = at present 在目前
7. defence [d fens]
派生：defensive adj. 防御的；保护的；保卫的；戒备的
defend vt. 保护；保卫
搭配：defend ... from/ against ...
= protect sb. from/ against sth. 保护/保卫……免受……
n. 防御；保卫；防护：
e.g. The needs of both could be strengthened if Europe invested more in defence.
n. 防务；防御物；防御能力：
e.g. The body has natural defence mechanisms to protect it from disease.
n. 辩护；辩解：
in defence (of...) 为了保护/ 保卫 (……) 为……辩护
e.g. I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand.
n. (体育运动中的) 后卫；防守队员
defence / defense 语义网络图
防御；保卫；防护
基本义
具体的防御物
防务；防御物；防御能力
辩护；辩解
后卫；防守队员
语言的防御
比赛中的防御
看图猜词
5. surround
围绕
8. surround [s ra nd]
派生：surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的
surroundings n. 环境(复数)
意为“环境”时， surroundings一定要用复数形式哟！
搭配：包围；环绕；围困
be surrounded by/with... 被……环绕/包围
e.g. To some families, happiness is being surrounded by family members and friends.
surround...with... 以……包围……
e.g. If you’re serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, it’s extremely important to surround yourself with people who’ll provide you with the proper emotional support.
与……紧密相关
How to cope with some issues surrounding alcohol abuse
9. evidence [ ev d ns]
派生：evident adj.清楚的；显而易见的；显然的（同：obvious）
evidently adv. 显而易见地
同义：proof n. 证据
句式：There is evidence that+句子 有证据表明……
It’s evident that...显而易见的是……
n. 证据；证明（不可数名词）
10. achievement [ t i vm nt]
派生：achieve v. 取得，获得 → achievable adj 可达到的；可获得的
搭配：n. 达成；完成
They worked hard at whatever they did, but they had a sense of achievement.
n. 成就；功绩；成绩：
If they can make achievements in study at school and find a satisfactory job afterwards, it will not be a big problem.
He was awarded a prize for his achievements in physics.
achieve success / progress 取得成功、进步
achieve a goal/an aim 实现目标
11. location [l ke n]
派生：locate v. 坐落于
搭配：be located in/on/at... 位于
12. battle [ b tl]
“battle”一词开始作为一个比较大众的网络语被大家所熟知，是因为近两年国内综艺节目掀起了一波嘻哈狂潮，譬如《中国有嘻哈》、《这就是街舞》、《热血街舞团》。
“battle”一词常常用于在说唱、街舞中，rapper和rapper之间，dancer和dancer之间的一种PK较量，即人与人之间的“战斗”。
12. battle [ b tl]
搭配： n. 战役；战斗；斗争；较量
fight/ win/ lose a battle
battle field 战场
vt & vi (与……) 斗争；(与……) 战斗：
battle with/against... 同……作斗争
batter for...为了……而斗争
e.g. I have battled with / against my conscience over whether I should actually send this letter.
13. port [p t]
airport
n. 港口（城市）
n. 机场
transport
n./v. 运输
export vt. & vi. 输出；出口
import v. 进口
vt & vi (向……) 收费；开价
① charge for... 收……的费用
Do you think museums should charge for admission
② charge sb money for sth. 因某事向某人收费
Everyday you charge me money for a cup of coffee.
vt 指控；控告
charge sb with (doing) sth=accuse sb of(doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事
She was charged with driving under the influence.
vt & vi (给……) 充电
This will increase the time to charge the battery.
14. charge [t ɑ d ]
n. 主管；负责
① in charge of...负责/主管……(主语通常为人)
The old manager who was in charge of the company used to charge the workers for charging their cell phones.
in the charge of...由……管理(主语通常为物)
When the company is in the charge of the new manager, charging phones is free of charge.
② take charge of...接管/负责……
At first she tried to take charge of the meeting but I soon put her in her place.
n. 费用；价钱
Delivery and installation in the downtown is free of charge.
n. 指控；罪名
Tom was sentenced to three years’ imprisonment on the charge of stealing.
n. 电荷；电量
They would be particles of positive / negative charge.
负荷
（基本义）
charge
罪名的负荷
金钱的负荷
责任的负荷
负责
费用
指控
电荷的负荷
电量
charge语义网络图
n
(向……) 收费；开价
指控；控告
(给……) 充电
(向……) 冲；进攻
v
15. announce [ na ns]
派生：announcement n. 宣布，声称 → announcer n. 宣告者；播音员；报幕员；解说员
搭配：It's announced that... 据宣布……
make an announcement 发布宣告或通知
announce sth. to sb.向某人宣布某事
(announce的宾语只能是sth. 或that从句，不能加双宾语， “向某人宣布或通知某人”应用announce to sb.)
16. amount [ ma nt]
练习：
A large amount of money ____ (be) donated by the generous poet to the flood-stricken area last week.
Large amounts of money ____ (be) donated by the generous poet to the flood-stricken area last week.
was
were
a large amount of + un. + 谓单
large amounts of + un. + 谓复
amount to
达到 (某数量)；合计：
The cost would amount to less than $200 billion a year.
相当于；等于；意味着：
Keeping what belongs to another person amounts to stealing.
the amount of... ……的数量
搭配：
修饰不可数名词短语：a great deal of；a large amount of ; much
17. approach [ pr t ]
搭配： (an) approach to 接近，近似；(做某事)的方法/途径
n. 靠近；接近：
The students stopped talking and kept silence at the teacher’s approach.
n. 通道；道路
All approaches to the outside of the town were blocked.
n. (处理……的) 方法；(达到……的) 途径
Perhaps there is a different approach to the problem.
跟to搭配的常见名词还有：answer, key, solution, visit, way, path, contribution, entrance, exit, access等
17. approach [ pr t ]
vt & vi (距离上) 靠近 (near)；(时间上) 临近； (数量上) 接近
The population of our province is now approaching 74 million.
vt 与……接洽 approach sb. for sth. 为某事找某人
The students would like to approach their teacher for some advice.
vt 处理
It was his custom to approach every problem / matter / task cautiously.
表示处理的词还有：
deal with, handle, address
approach语义网络图
v
n
（距离上）靠近；（时间上）临近；（数量上）接近
靠近；接近
与……接洽
通道；道路
（处理……的）方法
（达到……的）途径
“靠近”距离、时间、数量等
“靠近”人
“靠近”事情
处理
靠近
基本义
18. generous [ d en r s]
派生：generosity n. 慷慨，大方；宽宏大量
搭配：be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨
be generous with sth. 在某方面大方
句式：It's generous of sb. to do sth.某人做某事很慷慨
19. position [p z n]
位置
（基本义）
place
在社会上的位置
人身体 / 物体的位置
在空间上的位置
位置；方位; (恰当或正确的) 位置
在工作中的位置
比赛中的位置
处境中的位置
观点的位置
姿势；(物体所指的) 方向
地位；身份
职位；职务
(比赛中的) 名次
处境；状况
立场；观点；态度
n
v
放置；安放
20. eager [ i ɡ (r)]
派生：eagerly adv. 急切地；渴望地；热心地 → eagerness n. 渴望；热心
搭配：be eager for... ＝
be eager to do sth.
词块：long to/ for 渴望……
be dying to / for
be thirsty to / for
have a strong desire to do
21. roll [r l]
搭配：n [C] 卷；卷形物；面包卷；(正式的)名册
roller coaster n. 过山车
rock’n’roll (rock-and-roll) 摇滚乐
a roll of …一卷
vt & vi (使) 滚动；转动
roll in 滚滚而来；大量涌来
roll over 翻身；打滚
22. dot
23. greet [ɡri t]
派生：greeting n. (常用复数形式)问候； 祝贺； 贺辞
搭配：greet sb. with... 用……迎接某人/向某人打招呼
be greeted by ……扑面而来
11月21日是“世界问候日”，是第四次中东战争（Fourth Middle East War）期间（1973年10月6日至10月26日），为促进埃及（Egypt）与以色列（Israel）之间的和平，来自澳大利亚（Australia）的姆可马克（McCormack）与米切尔（Michael）两兄弟自愿宣传并设立的。节日的意义在于向全世界祈祷和平。
不同国家的不同问候方式
World Hello Day
24. crowd [kra d]
派生：crowded adj. 拥挤的；塞满的
搭配：n.人群；一群人；民众；
a crowd of 一群……
翻译歌词：歌曲《传奇》中的歌词
“只是因为在人群中多看了你一眼，再也没能忘掉你容颜。”
仅供参考：Just because of one more glance at you in the crowd, I can’t forget your face from that moment on.
vt. 挤满；使……拥挤
crowd in/ on （想法、问题等）涌上心头；涌入脑海
crowd into 涌入；挤入
crowd into one's mind 涌入某人的脑海
be crowded with 挤满；充满
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