云南省昭通市正道中学2023-2024学年高一下学期开学考试英语试卷
一、阅读理解
（2024高一下·昭通开学考） 阅读理解
Explore the magic of the underwater world
Reasons for visiting Georgia Aquarium(水族馆) in Atlanta
Atlanta's aquarium is home to tens of thousands of animals including 500 species from around the world and more than 60 habitats. The largest exhibit at Georgia Aquarium is home to whale sharks, manta rays and more swimmers. The second largest exhibit is home to six beluga whales. And you won't want to miss the dolphin exhibit and the dolphin show at Georgia Aquarium featuring an expansive underwater dolphin viewing window and a wonderful musical theatrical performance that highlights the bond shared between dolphins and humans.
Insider tips
○Arrive when the aquarium opens to beat the crowds.
○Have a sleepover inside some of Georgia Aquarium's exhibits.
○Wear a wet suit, dive into the water and swim with whale sharks, manta rays and more.
Know before you go
○Georgia Aquarium is open 365 days a year.
○Monday-Wednesday: 9 AM-6 PM
○Thursday: 9 AM-8 PM
○Friday: 9 AM-5 PM (Early closing for the themed party Sips Under the Sea)
○Saturday-Sunday: 8 AM-9 PM
Tickets & Pricing
Penguin Encounter(相遇) Sea Lion Encounter Dolphin Encounter Dive with the Whale Sharks Swim with the Whale Sharks
$63.99 $75.99 $75.99 $335.99 $245.99
1．What can we learn about Georgia Aquarium
A．It includes 600 species.
B．It holds overground dolphin shows.
C．Visitors can stay the night there.
D．Swimmers speak highly of its performance.
2．When can people visit Georgia Aquarium
A．At 5 PM on Tuesday. B．At 6 PM on Friday.
C．At 7 AM on Saturday. D．At 8 AM on Thursday.
3．Which activity takes the most off the ticket price
A．Dolphin Encounter. B．Penguin Encounter.
C．Swim with the Whale Sharks. D．Dive with the Whale Sharks.
【答案】1．C
2．A
3．D
【知识点】细节理解题；旅游观光类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是应用文，主要介绍了游览位于亚特兰大的佐治亚水族馆的相关信息。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。
1．细节理解题。由Insider tips部分中的"Have a sleepover inside some of Georgia Aquarium's exhibits.(在乔治亚水族馆的一些展品中过夜。)"可知，游客是可以在水族馆过夜的。故选C。
2．细节理解题。由Know before you go部分中的时间安排"Monday-Wednesday: 9 AM-6 PM(周一至周三：上午9点至下午6点)"可知，周二下午五点可以去参观佐治亚水族馆。故选A。
3．细节理解题。对比Tickets Pricing部分中几个活动项目的原价和现价可知，几个活动降价分别是$69.99-$63.99=$6，$79.99-$75.99=$4，$79.99-$75.99=$4和$359.99-$335.99=$24，因此Dive with the Whale Sharks降价24美元，是降价最多的。故选D。
（2024高一下·昭通开学考） 阅读理解
The automobile industry is spending billions on self-driving cars, but what if we quite like driving
One holiday a few years ago, I spent hours being transported on trains, buses and planes. I read a novel for a while, then stared out the window, in a black mood. I was turned into goods, being shifted from one location to another. Then, finally, came the exciting section of the holiday when I hired a car.
My wife Jocasta and I followed the positioning system, turning right, then right again, and found ourselves in a small town. I spoke to the positioning system, "We don't want to be here; we want the highway." Then it asked me to turn right again and again. With every turn, the street narrowed. The walls were so close that I had to hold my breath.
Another car appeared, coming towards us from the opposite direction. The driver signaled, telling me I had to make way. But how I didn't have the courage to back up along the impossibly narrow passage. Soon some locals came to help. One lady stood at the back of the vehicle, waving me on. She continued making "this way, this way" movements with her arms. In an act of blind trust, I followed her instructions, creeping (小心行进) backwards and forwards. Remarkably, it worked. I completed my turn into the side street. The other car passed and the driver gave me a grateful wave. Then I followed the lady's suggestion and — finally — saw the highway.
My hands were shaking. I breathed in and out. Jocasta turned to me. "You're my hero," she said. I looked at her, expecting a shadow of a teasing (嘲笑的) smile, but can find none. "You're my hero," she repeated. "I mean it. You did a really good job." Finally, I managed to steady my nerves. Then we set off again and the car sped smoothly away. Who would exchange all this for a self-driving car
4．Why are self-driving cars mentioned in paragraph 1
A．To show the advance in technology.
B．To show the author's love for driving.
C．To show the change in the automobile industry.
D．To lead to the author's holiday experience.
5．Why did the author drive into the narrow passage
A．He wanted to take a shortcut.
B．He intended to thank, the locals for help.
C．He had to turn to avoid another car.
D．He was misdirected by the guidance system
6．What can be inferred about the author and his wife from the last paragraph
A．His wife used to laugh at him.
B．He became more skilled at driving.
C．His wife tried to encourage and calm him.
D．He misunderstood his wife throughout.
7．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．A Hero Behind the Wheel
B．An Adventurous Automobile Trip
C．A Lover of Self-driving Cars
D．An Unexpected Technological Problem
【答案】4．D
5．D
6．C
7．A
【知识点】推理判断题；故事阅读类；记叙文；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者和妻子在度假时租了一辆车，但汽车导航把车引入了一个很狭窄的过道里，在一位女士的帮助下作者才顺利把车倒了出来，作者还收获了妻子的称赞。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及推理判断题和主旨大意题两种题型。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段"The automobile industry is spending billions on self-driving cars, but what if we quite like driving (汽车行业在自动驾驶汽车上花费了数十亿美元，但如果我们非常喜欢驾驶呢？)"和下文描述的作者假期的经历可知，第一段中but前后表示转折，前面讲述自动驾驶汽车受到了重点开发，后面讲述还是有人可能喜欢自己驾驶汽车，接着下文讲述了作者假期开车被导航误导进一个过道了，多亏了别人相助才顺利把车开出来，最后还获得了妻子的赞扬，这种经历只有亲自开车才会有，由此可推测出，第一段提到自动驾驶汽车是为了引出作者的假期经历。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段"My wife Jocasta and I followed the positioning system, turning right, then right again, and found ourselves in a small town. I spoke to the positioning system, ‘We don't want to be here; we want the highway.' Then it asked me to turn right again and again. With every turn, the street narrowed. The walls were so close that I had to hold my breath.(我和妻子Jocasta跟着定位系统，向右转弯，然后又向右转弯，发现我们自己在一个小镇上。我对定位系统说：‘我们不想在这里，我们想要高速公路。'然后它一次又一次地让我右转。街道一转弯就变窄了。墙太近了，我不得不屏住呼吸。)"可推测出，作者被导航系统误导，所以开车进入了狭窄的过道。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"My hands were shaking. I breathed in and out.(我的手在发抖。我吸气又呼气。)"和"‘You're my hero,' she repeated. ‘I mean it. You did a really good job.' Finally, I managed to steady my nerves. Then we set off again and the car sped smoothly away.(‘你是我的英雄，'她重复道。‘我是认真的。你做得很好。'最后，我设法稳定了自己的神经。然后我们又出发了，汽车平稳地开走了。)"可知，作者开车出来后仍然惊魂未定，双手颤抖，努力想平复心情，而作者妻子的话让作者稳住心神，成功平稳开车离开，由此可推测出，作者的妻子努力鼓励作者并让作者镇静下来。故选C。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者驾车旅游时在导航的指引下驶入了一条狭窄的通道，最后在当地人的帮助下成功倒车出来并收获了妻子的称赞。结合最后一段中妻子的话"You're my hero(你是我的英雄)"可知，作者成功克服了困难，妻子对他进行赞扬，A项"开车的英雄"既是对作者成功解决困难的肯定，也与妻子称赞他为英雄的内容相照应。故A项作文章标题最佳。故选A。
（2024高一下·昭通开学考） 阅读理解
It's midafternoon. You're full from lunch. The day is warm. You're starting to feel sleepy. Should you give in to the comfort of a nap (小睡)
From the viewpoint of health, it may be worth it. Though there is a hassle when it comes to whether napping benefits everyone, we generally acknowledge that naps can improve at least some people's cognitive (认知的) performance in the short term.
For example, scientists reviewed a past experiment that focused on healthy participants with regular sleep cycles. In that experiment, participants were given math problems that could be solved with a shortcut that they weren't told about. Some participants were encouraged to take a nap before dealing with the problems. It was found that those who napped-and spent even just 30 seconds in the first, lightest stage of sleep-were 2.7 times more likely to figure out the math shortcut than those who stayed awake. But entering a deeper sleep stage had a negative effect.
The benefits of napping are strongest for people who have sleep debt, such as shift workers, new parents and elderly people whose nighttime sleep is always interrupted. They all seem to get a boost through napping: a 2013 study focusing on such people, for example, showed that taking a nap during one's night shift work reduced sleepiness and improved overall performance, even if people were slightly inactive as they came out of their nap-a phenomenon called "sleep inertia (惰性)".
There is something we can do to reduce sleep inertia. A 20-minute nap is good for recharging, and 60 to 90 minutes of sleep can be even more restorative. The nap to avoid is one lasting more than 20 minutes and less than 60 minutes, which is most likely to lead to sleep inertia.
8．What does the underlined word "hassle" mean in paragraph 2
A．Debate. B．Tendency. C．Guidance. D．Judgement.
9．What did the experiment find about napping
A．It improves memory.
B．It helps clear one's mind
C．It may promote one's health.
D．It has a bad influence on people.
10．What can we infer about the subjects of the 2013 study
A．They tended to nap more.
B．They were inactive in daytime.
C．They came out of their naps slowly.
D．They didn't get enough nighttime sleep
11．How can we avoid sleep inertia
A．By taking fewer naps. B．By napping within 1 hour.
C．By managing the nap length. D．By avoiding long naps.
【答案】8．A
9．B
10．D
11．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健类
【解析】【分析】本文是说明文，在下午三四点钟，你肚子很饱，天气很暖和，你开始感到困倦了。你应该屈服于小睡的舒适吗？小睡对你有好处吗？本文告诉你答案。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和词义猜测题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。词义猜测题的解题方法包括利用指代关系、定义、定语、文章中的举例、比较的词语、构词法知识、上下文语境、因果关系来推测词义。
8．词义猜测题。画线词所在部分是让步状语从句，因此可以判断，a hassle与主句的generally acknowledge应在含义上对立。主句"we generally acknowledge that naps can improve at least some people's cognitive (认知的) performance in the short term.(但我们通常承认，小睡至少可以在短期内提高一些人的认知能力)"指出我们通常都认为小睡至少能在短期内提升一些人的认知表现，因此可推断出，从句应表示尽管在小睡是否让所有人受益方面存在争议/争论/分歧。hassle与debate含义接近，故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中"It was found that those who napped-and spent even just 30 seconds in the first, lightest stage of sleep-were 2.7 times more likely to figure out the math shortcut than those who stayed awake. But entering a deeper sleep stage had a negative effect.(研究发现，那些在睡眠最轻的第一阶段小睡了30秒的人比那些保持清醒的人更有可能找到数学捷径，这个概率是其他人的2.7倍。但是进入深度睡眠阶段会产生负面影响。)"可知，该实验发现小睡有助于使人头脑清醒。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段"The benefits of napping are strongest for people who have sleep debt, such as shift workers, new parents and elderly people whose nighttime sleep is always interrupted. They all seem to get a boost through napping (小睡的好处对于那些有睡眠债务的人来说是最大的，比如轮班工人，初为人父母的人和夜间睡眠总是被打断的老年人。他们似乎都能通过小睡得到提升)"可推知，研究对象是一些有睡眠负债的人，他们夜晚的睡眠不充足。故选D。
11．推理判断题。最后一段"There is something we can do to reduce sleep inertia. A 20-minute nap is good for recharging, and 60 to 90 minutes of sleep can be even more restorative. The nap to avoid is one lasting more than 20 minutes and less than 60 minutes, which is most likely to lead to sleep inertia.(我们可以做一些事情来减少睡眠惰性。20分钟的小睡有助于恢复体力，60到90分钟的睡眠甚至可以让你恢复体力。要避免的小睡持续时间超过20分钟，少于60分钟，这很可能导致睡眠惰性。)"介绍了如何减轻睡眠惰性。20分钟以及60至90分钟的小睡都有作用，但是20分钟以上、60分钟以下的小睡最有可能导致睡眠惰性。由此可推知，小睡的时间要安排好，既不能太短，也不能太长。故选C。
（2024高一下·昭通开学考） 阅读理解
Eating insects is one of those ideas that never quite seem to catch on. The United Nations supported the idea a decade ago, but, in the West at least, insects remain mostly absent from supermarket shelves. Faced with this situation, scientists have been exploring other options. One is to feed insects to farm animals, which are not so picky.
Of course, insects need to eat, too. To date, they have mostly been raised on leftover chicken feed. But the supply of that is limited, and if insect-raised meat is to take off, new sources will be needed. In a paper in the Journal of Applied Entomology, Niels Thomas Eriksen, a biochemist at Aalborg University, suggests feeding them on the waste products of the beer industry.
The world knocks back around 185 billion litres of beer every year. Each litre produces between three and ten litres of wastewater full of abandoned substances that are richer in protein but not in carbohydrates (碳水化合物) , especially compared with chicken feed. Most insects grown for feed depend, in the wild, on the carbohydrates found in fruit which goes bad. Whether insects would actually consider beer waste square meal was, therefore, unclear.
The researchers used the baby black soldier flies. The insects were divided into three groups, which were offered beer waste, chicken feed and a mixture of both respectively. The researchers monitored both their weight gain and the amount of carbon dioxide they breathed out, which helped assess the insects' metabolic (新陈代谢的) performance. The babies happily consumed both beer waste and chicken feed, and grew equally well on either food source. When Dr Eriksen made further chemical analysis, he found few differences in the nutrients needed for farm animals' growth.
What the researchers found is good news for some other industries whose waste is likewise plentiful and protein-rich, and they now look to be reasonable targets for nutrient recycling by insects. Whether consumers will be willing to eat insect-raised meat, though, remains to be seen.
12．What do we know about eating insects in the beginning
A．It will probably catch on soon.
B．Most westerners shy away from it.
C．It is supported in most of the world.
D．Most scientists turn down this idea.
13．Why were the researchers initially unsure of beer waste as insect feed
A．Its supply is not enough.
B．It contains too much protein.
C．It lacks necessary carbohydrates.
D．Its chemical contents are unknown.
14．What did the researchers find about the insects
A．They preferred to eat chicken feed.
B．They grew fastest on beer waste.
C．They could turn beer waste into meat.
D．They needed more food than expected.
15．What does the author indicate in the last paragraph
A．Some industries rarely recycle their waste.
B．The practical application of the findings is limited.
C．Insect-raised meat is likely to be the next fashion.
D．The experiment has an outlook beyond the beer industry.
【答案】12．B
13．C
14．C
15．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。很多人对吃昆虫敬谢不敏，科学家想到用昆虫当饲料喂养农场牲畜，但是昆虫也需要食物，而它们的食物有限。于是科学家进行了一项实验，发现以啤酒废弃物为食的昆虫一样有营养。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"The United Nations supported the idea a decade ago, but, in the West at least, insects remain mostly absent from supermarket shelves.(联合国在十年前就支持了这一想法，但至少在西方，超市货架上仍然看不到昆虫)"可知，大部分西方人还是不吃昆虫的。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中"Each litre produces between three and ten litres of wastewater full of abandoned substances that are richer in protein but not in carbohydrates (碳水化合物), especially compared with chicken feed.(每升废水会产生3到10升的废水，这些废水充满了富含蛋白质但不含碳水化合物的废弃物质，尤其是与鸡饲料相比)"可知，研究人员一开始不确定啤酒废弃物是否能作昆虫的饲料，是因为啤酒废料缺乏必要的碳水化合物。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"When Dr Eriksen made further chemical analysis, he found few differences in the nutrients needed for farm animals' growth.(当埃里克森博士进行进一步的化学分析时，他发现农场动物生长所需的营养物质几乎没有什么不同)"以及最后一段"What the researchers found is good news for some other industries whose waste is likewise plentiful and protein-rich, and they now look to be reasonable targets for nutrient recycling by insects.(研究人员的发现对其他一些工业来说是个好消息，这些工业的废物同样丰富，富含蛋白质，现在它们看起来是昆虫养分回收的合理目标)"可推知，昆虫可以把啤酒废料变成肉。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段"What the researchers found is good news for some other industries whose waste is likewise plentiful and protein-rich, and they now look to be reasonable targets for nutrient recycling by insects.(研究人员的发现对其他一些工业来说是个好消息，这些工业的废物同样丰富，富含蛋白质，现在它们看起来是昆虫养分回收的合理目标)"可推知，该实验的前景不限于啤酒行业。故选D。
二、七选五
（2024高一下·昭通开学考） 七选五
How to Politely Cancel PlansOver Text
You made plans with friends, but when it's time to leave the house, you just don't have the energy. Or, maybe something else comes up, and you can't make it. 16． But with a few tips, you can do it politely.
◆Text them as soon as possible.
That way, your friends can rearrange their schedules. If you know you cannot make it, try to text a day ahead of time. Otherwise, your friends might be annoyed about the inconvenience. If there's an emergency and you have to cancel the plan at the last minute, that's fine. 17．
◆Be honest about your situation.
18． If you've encountered a change in your schedule, just tell them what it is. Your friends will be more understanding if they can tell you're telling the truth. Just say things like: "I ran into an issue at work." or "I'm dealing with some family problems."
◆Ask if you can reschedule.
Instead of saying "Let's hang out soon!", pick a new time, so your friends know that you're serious. 19． Try to include this in your original message so they know what you're doing right away, and make sure it's a plan you can stick to so you don't have to cancel again.
◆ 20．
Add in one more nice thing to make a compliment (赞美) sandwich. After you tell your friends you have to cancel and apologize, let them know how much you appreciate them making plans with you. This will reassure them that you love spending time with them, and it can even help you feel less guilty, too.
A. Start with your appreciation.
B. Thank them for inviting you out.
C. Let them know how urgent the situation is.
D. There's no need to lie about what's going on.
E. It shows that you aren't just blowing them off.
F. Otherwise, you should try to cancel ahead of time.
G. Whatever the case is, cancelling plans can be annoying.
【答案】16．G；17．F；18．D；19．E；20．B
【知识点】说明文；七选五；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文章就如何礼貌地通过短信取消计划给出了一些建议。
【点评】考查任务型阅读（七选五）。解题时，要求考生注意通读整篇文章，把握整段脉络，理出文章的中心，分析段落之间和段落内部的层次。选项与前后句之间的逻辑关系是确定答案的主要依据。可以从意思、关键词、关联词来分析段落之间以及段落内部的逻辑关系。七选五解题的一些实用技巧如下。第一，快速浏览全文，把握文章主旨。在开始解题前，快速浏览全文，了解文章的大致内容和主题，有助于更好地理解和判断每个选项的合适性。第二，注意段首句和段尾句。段首句往往是对整段的概括或引入，而段尾句则常常是对该段的总结或结论。因此，关注这些句子有助于我们快速了解段落的主旨，从而更好地选择答案。第三，利用上下文语境和逻辑关系进行推断。在选择答案时，要仔细阅读上下文，寻找与选项相关的线索和信息，如关联词、同义词、反义词等。同时，也要根据逻辑关系进行推断，如因果、转折、并列等，从而确定正确答案。第四，排除法也是一种有效的解题方法。当面对多个选项时，可以先排除与文章主旨或上下文不符的选项，然后再根据剩余选项的内容进行比较和选择。
16．空处上文"You made plans with friends, but when it's time to leave the house, you just don't have the energy. Or, maybe something else comes up, and you can't make it.(你和朋友制定了计划，但当要离开家的时候，你就是没有精力。或者，可能有其他事情发生，而你无法做到。)"提到了一些你需要取消计划的情况，空处下文"But with a few tips, you can do it politely.(但只要有一些小技巧，你就可以礼貌地做到这一点。)"提到有一些小技巧可以帮助有礼貌地取消计划。由此可知，本空应是承上启下句，指出计划取消可能会给人带来困扰，进而引出下文对于"礼貌地取消计划的方法"的介绍，G项"Whatever the case is, cancelling plans can be annoying.(不管是什么情况，取消计划都很烦人。)"说明取消计划会很烦人，承上启下，其中的the case指的是上文提到的情况，因此G选项符合语境。故选G。
17．根据本段的主旨句"◆Text them as soon as possible.(尽快给他们发短信。)"可知，本段提出的建议是"尽快给他们发短信"，根据空处上文"That way, your friends can rearrange their schedules.(这样，你的朋友可以重新安排他们的日程。)"和"If there's an emergency and you have to cancel the plan at the last minute, that's fine.(如果有紧急情况，你不得不在最后一刻取消计划，那也没关系。)"可知，这样做的目的是让朋友们有时间重新安排日程，以避免给他们带来不便和困扰，除非你有紧急情况，不得不在最后一刻取消安排，否则都应该尽快给朋友发短信。F项"Otherwise, you should try to cancel ahead of time.(否则, 你应该尽量提前取消。)"说明了要尽量提前取消，再次与本段的段落小标题相呼应，其中，ahead of time与the last minute相对应，因此符合语境。故选F。
18．根据本段的主旨句"◆Be honest about your situation.(诚实面对自己的处境。)"可知，本段提出的建议是"诚实地说明自己的情况"。根据空处下文"If you've encountered a change in your schedule, just tell them what it is. Your friends will be more understanding if they can tell you're telling the truth.(如果你的日程安排发生了变化，直接告诉他们是什么。如果你的朋友知道你说的是实话，他们会更加理解你。)"可知，如果你的日程发生了变化，只需告诉朋友实情，这样能够建立更好的信任关系，并且朋友会更理解你的决定。D 项"There's no need to lie about what's going on.(没有必要对正在发生的事情撒谎。)"说明了要说出实情，符合此处的语境，选项中的lie about what's going on与上文中的telling the truth相呼应。故选D。
19．根据本段的主旨句"◆Ask if you can reschedule.(询问是否可以重新安排时间。)"可知，本段提出的建议是"询问你们是否可以重新约时间"。根据空处上文"Instead of saying "Let's hang out soon!", pick a new time, so your friends know that you're serious.(与其说"我们快点出去玩吧!"，选择一个新的时间，这样你的朋友就知道你是认真的。)"可知，询问朋友是否可以重新约时间可以显示出自己的诚意和重视，且有助于朋友建立朋友对你的信任，并使他们更愿意与你重新安排时间。E 项"It shows that you aren't just blowing them off.(这表明你并不只是敷衍他们。)"说明了重新约时间表明你没有敷衍他们，而是认真的，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选E。
20．空处为段落小标题。根据下文中的"let them know how much you appreciate them making plans with you. This will reassure them that you love spending time with them, and it can even help you feel less guilty, too.(让他们知道你有多感激他们和你一起制定计划。这会让他们放心，你喜欢和他们在一起，这甚至可以帮助你减少罪恶感。)"可知，本段的建议是，在告诉朋友你需要取消计划并道歉之后，你要向朋友表达感谢，B项"Thank them for inviting you out.(谢谢他们邀请你外出。)"说明了要对朋友表示感激，能够准确地表达本段的观点，因此可作为本段小标题。故选B。
三、完形填空（15空）
（2024高一下·昭通开学考） 完形填空
When was the last time you made space in your life to play When I was a kid, I knew exactly what play 21． . It was climbing trees. It was 22． mud pies. But as I got older, I found people around were less and less 23． of my playful attitude. Pressure from work 24． me to tone down my personality until I almost forgot how to 25． . It's a common story. As we grow up, we 26． our connection to our childhood memories of imagination and play. We're told to act 27． and not waste time.
This is a problem. Play is an 28． need like sleep and nutrition. When we don't experience it 29． we will have deficits(缺失). Researchers argue that play can allow us to think more creatively and 30． social cooperation.
To bring more play into your life, you don't necessarily need to make any significant 31． or rework your entire schedule. You can start small, something as 32． as observing tiny moments in nature. Any increase in play throughout your day is a 33． —whether it's a hobby like painting, playing a board game, or just a new, 34． attitude. Just follow the example of your inner child and he can lead you to find more 35． .
21．A． needed B． stressed C． showed D． meant
22．A． selling B． making C． finding D． saving
23．A． proud B． tolerant C． approving D． deserving
24．A． forced B． enabled C． reminded D． inspired
25．A． work B． fight C． play D． share
26．A． find fault with B． lose track of
C． take delight in D． make peace with
27．A． humbly B． naturally C． quickly D． seriously
28．A． essential B． urgent C． individual D． immediate
29．A． secretly B． previously C． personally D． sufficiently
30．A． expect B． assess C． practice D． accept
31．A． sense B． changes
C． progress D． contributions
32．A． sweet B． relaxing C． simple D． interesting
33．A． win B． pity C． dream D． surprise
34．A． firm B． playful C． friendly D． positive
35．A． value B． luck C． help D． joy
【答案】21．D；22．B；23．C；24．A；25．C；26．B；27．D；28．A；29．D；30．C；31．B；32．C；33．A；34．B；35．D
【知识点】名词辨析；形容词的词义辨析；副词的辨析；说明文；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了生活中，腾出时间来玩耍有很多好处的。所以作者建议我们要多玩耍。
【点评】考查完形填空。首先要通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺失的单词的含义，最后对选项进行对比分析，选出正确选项。完形填空是英语考试中常见的一种题型，旨在测试学生的语言综合运用能力。一些实用的解题策略如下。一、通读全文，把握大意。在开始答题之前，应先通读全文，了解文章的主题和大致内容。这样有助于理解作者的意图，把握文章的整体思路，为后续的填空选择提供正确的方向。二、仔细分析，逐一排查。对于每一个空，要仔细分析所给的选项，逐一排查，选出最符合文意的答案。通常情况下，完形填空中会有几个空白需要填写形容词、副、名词等，要注意所填的词要与句子前后内容相符。三、结合上下文，理解语义。有时候仅从一个空所在的句子很难确定正确的答案，这时需要结合上下文，理解整体的语义环境。通过对前后的语境分析，确定一个合理的答案。四、注意语法结构。完形填空中涉及的语法知识较多，如时态、语态、词性等。在选择答案时，要仔细考虑语法结构是否正确。五、积累词汇，提高语言基础。要想在完形填空中取得好成绩，平时的词汇积累非常重要。建议学生多阅读英文文章，扩大词汇量，提高语言基础。
21．句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我很清楚玩耍的意义。A. needed需要；B. stressed强调；C. showed展示；D. meant意味着。下文"It was climbing trees"指出了作者认为玩耍的意义是爬树，下文"my playful attitude"也是提示，下文介绍了作者对玩耍的态度，即作者所认为的玩耍的意义，故选D。
22．句意：它（玩耍）的意义是做泥饼。A. selling卖；B. making制作；C. finding发现；D. saving挽救。由下文"mud pies"可知，此处介绍玩耍的意义是做泥饼，故选B。
23．句意：但是随着年龄的增长，我发现周围的人越来越不赞同我玩耍的态度。A. proud骄傲的；B. tolerant忍受的；C. approving赞同的；D. deserving值得的。由but可知，前后是转折关系，即作者周围的人不赞同作者对玩耍的态度。故选C。
24．句意：来自工作的压力迫使我淡化我的个性，直到我几乎忘记如何去玩耍。A. forced强迫；B. enabled使能够；C. reminded提醒；D. inspired鼓励。由上文"Pressure from work"和下文"me to tone down my personality"可知，工作的压力迫使作者淡化自己的个性，故选A。
25．句意：来自工作的压力迫使我淡化我的个性，直到我几乎忘记如何去玩耍。A. work工作；B. fight成群飞行；C. play玩耍；D. share分享。上文"When was the last time you made space in your life to play "一直在介绍作者对于玩耍的认识，此处指工作的压力使得作者忘记如何去玩耍了，故选C。
26．句意：随着我们的成长，我们失去了一些联系，我们的童年记忆的想象力和游戏。A. find fault with挑剔；B. lose track of失去联系；C. take delight in喜欢；D. make peace with与……和睦相处。由上文"As we grow up"和下文"our connection to our childhood memories of imagination and play"可知，我们长大了，失去了一些联系，故选B。
27．句意：我们被告知要认真行动，不要浪费时间。A. humbly谦虚地；B. naturally自然地；C. quickly快速地；D. seriously严肃地，认真地。由上文"We're told to act"可知，别人应该告知我们要认真行动，故选D。
28．句意：游戏和睡眠、营养一样，是必不可少的需要。A. essential必要的；B. urgent紧急的；C. individual个人的；D. immediate立即的。由下文"need like sleep and nutrition"可知，睡眠和营养是我们必不可少的需要，故选A。
29．句意：当我们没有足够的经历时，我们将有缺失。A. secretly秘密地；B. previously以前地；C. personally亲自地；D. sufficiently足够地。由下文"we will have deficits(缺失)"可知，没有足够的经历会使我们有所缺失，故选D。
30．句意：研究人员认为，游戏可以让我们更有创造性地思考和实践社会合作。A. expect期望；B. assess评价；C. practice练习，实践；D. accept接受。由上文"Researchers argue that play can allow us to think more creatively"可知，游戏可以让我们更有创造性地思考和实践社会合作。故选C。
31．句意：为了给生活带来更多的乐趣，你不需要做任何重大的改变或者重新安排你的整个计划。A. sense感觉；B. changes改变；C. progress进步；D. contributions贡献。由下文"or rework your entire schedule."可知，你不需要重新安排你的整个计划，这说明你不需要做出任何重大改变，故选B。
32．句意：你可以从小事做起，比如观察大自然中的微小瞬间这种简单事。A. sweet甜的；B. relaxing令人放松的；C. simple简单的；D. interesting有趣的。由下文"observing tiny moments in nature"可知，观察大自然中的微小瞬间是简单的事，故选C。
33．句意：在一天中，任何一次游戏的增加都是一种胜利——无论是像绘画、玩棋盘游戏这样的爱好，还是仅仅是一种新的、好玩的态度。A. win获胜，胜利；B. pity遗憾；C. dream梦想；D. surprise惊讶。由上文"Any increase in play throughout your day"和上文提到的玩耍很重要可知，每天增加一种游戏这是一种胜利，故选A。
34．句意：在一天中，任何一次游戏的增加都是一种胜利——无论是像绘画、玩棋盘游戏这样的爱好，还是仅仅是一种新的、好玩的态度。A. firm稳定的；B. playful好玩的；C. friendly友好的；D. positive积极的。由上文"whether it's a hobby like painting, playing a board game, or just a new"和上文提到的玩耍很重要，所以说有一种新的好玩的态度是一种胜利，故选B。
35．句意：只要追随你内心的孩童的脚步，他就能带领你找到更多的快乐。A. value价值；B. luck运气；C. help帮助；D. joy快乐。根据上文"Just follow the example of your inner child and he can lead you to find more"可知，追随你内心的孩童的脚步，这能让你玩耍，所以你就会找到更多快乐，故选D。
四、短文填空
（2024高一下·昭通开学考）短文填空
Potala Palace (布达拉宫) is the highest ancient palace in the world. The palace, 36． (name) after a holy hill, is said to be used for greeting a Han princess. Legend has it that in the 7th century, 37． (greet) his bride Princess Wencheng of the Tang Dynasty, Songtsen Gampo built a palace with a thousand rooms up on the Red Hill and named it Potala. The palace was 38． (main) made of stones and woods, and decorated 39． special local tree branches. Later, the ancient palace 40． (destroy) in wars. 41． we see at present is the architecture of the Qing Dynasty and the continuous expanding work outcome since the 17th century.
The Palace has two parts, the Red Palace as the center and the White Palace as two wings. The Red Palace is the highest part in the center that is completely devoted to 42． (religion) study. It was painted red to represent power. It consists of different halls and 43． (library) on many levels with winding passages. The White Palace, 44． once served as the office building of local government makes up the living quarters, and 45． (it) wall was painted white to convey peace and calmness.
【答案】36．named；37．to greet；38．mainly；39．with；40．was destroyed；41．What；42．religious；43．libraries；44．which；45．its
【知识点】说明文；动词不定式；副词的用法；动词过去分词；社会历史类
【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了布达拉宫的历史和特点, 包括其命名由来、建造过程、建筑特色以及其在西藏与王朝交流中的重要地位。
【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及名词，形容词，代词，介词，副词，时态，语态，主谓一致，非谓语动词，主语从句以及定语从句多个知识点的考查。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。语法填空实用解题策略如下。一、分析句子结构。在面对语法填空题时，首先要做的是分析句子的结构。观察句子中的主语、谓语、宾语等主要成分，以及是否有从句、非谓语动词等复杂结构。通过理解句子结构，可以更好地把握填空处所需的词性和功能。二、确定词性变化。根据句子结构和语境，确定填空处所需的词性。然后，根据语法规则，考虑所需的词性是否需要进行变化，如名词的单复数、动词的时态和语态、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级等。确保所填词汇在语法上与句子其他部分相匹配。三、牢记固定搭配。英语中存在大量的固定搭配和短语，这些搭配在语法填空题中经常出现。因此，需要牢记常见的固定搭配和短语，以便在解题时能够迅速识别并正确填空。四、注意时态语态。时态和语态是英语语法填空的重要考点。在解题时，要注意根据句子的语境和上下文，判断所需动词的时态和语态。同时，也要注意时态和语态的一致性，确保所填词汇与句子的时态和语态相符。五、理解上下文语境。语境对于语法填空题的解答至关重要。通过理解句子的上下文，可以更好地理解填空处所需的词汇和语法结构。因此，在解题时，要仔细阅读句子的前后文，把握句子的整体意义，以便更好地填空。六、利用常识和逻辑。在某些情况下，可以利用常识和逻辑来解答语法填空题。例如，根据常识判断所填词汇是否符合常理，或者根据逻辑判断所填词汇是否与前后的句子内容相符合。通过利用常识和逻辑，可以更加准确地填空。七、多做练习总结。最后，多做练习是提高语法填空解题能力的有效途径。通过大量的练习，我们可以熟悉各种题型和考点，提高解题速度和准确率。同时，也要及时总结错题原因，分析解题思路和方法，以便更好地掌握语法填空题的解题技巧。
36．句意：这座宫殿，名字取自一座深山，据说是用来迎接一位汉族公主的。分析句子结构可知，此处作定语，name与其逻辑主语The palace之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词，故填named。
37．句意：传说在公元7世纪，松赞干布为了迎娶文成公主，在红山上修建了一座千房宫殿，取名布达拉。此处作目的状语，故应用不定式，故填to greet。
38．句意：宫殿主要由石头和木材制成，并用特殊的当地的树枝装饰着。空处修饰动词短语was made of，应用副词"mainly主要地"作状语，故填mainly。
39．句意：宫殿主要由石头和木材制成，并用特殊的当地的树枝装饰着。此处意为"用……装饰"，表达为be decorated with，故填with。
40．句意：之后，这座古老的宫殿在战争中被毁。此处作谓语动词，主语为the ancient palace，为单数，主语the ancient palace与destroy之间为被动关系，且根据前文的was made of可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填was destroyed。
41．句意：现在我们看到的是清代建筑，也是17世纪以来不断拓展的作品成果。此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少see的宾语，且意思为".…..的事物"，故应用what引导主语从句，故填What。
42．句意：红宫是中心最高的部分，完全致力于宗教研究。此处作定语，修饰名词study，故应用形容词"religious宗教的"，故填religious。
43．句意：它由不同的大厅和多层有着蜿蜒通道的图书馆组成。此处作宾语，故应用名词"library图书馆"，根据空前的different可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，故填libraries。
44．句意：曾经作为政府办公楼的白宫组成了生活区，它的墙刷成白色是为了表达和平和平静。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The White Palace，指物，定语从句中缺少主语，故应用which引导，故填which。
45．句意：曾经作为政府办公楼的白宫组成了生活区，它的墙刷成白色是为了表达和平和平静。空处修饰名词 wall，作定语，故应用形容词性物主代词"its它的"，故填 its。
五、书面表达
46．（2024高一下·昭通开学考）假定你是李华，最近你很苦恼，因为你经常和父母发生争执。请你给英国笔友Tom 写一封信，向他倾诉你成长中的烦恼。内容包括：
1. 父母的过度关心带给你的困惑和烦恼；
2. 向 Tom 寻求解决方案。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】Dear Tom,
These days, I feel upset. At school I am good at maths and English, while I find physics difficult to learn. But my parents think I should always do my best in every subject. Whenever I come back home late, they will get very angry with me. You know I like playing basketball, but when weekends come, they don't allow me to do anything except focusing on my lessons. Now I am no longer interested in my study. Can you give me some advice on how to get along with my parents
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】文字式应用文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇运用文写作，要求考生以李华的身份对于最近经常和父母发生争执这一情况，给英国笔友Tom 写一封信，向他倾诉你成长中的烦恼。写作背景：假定你是李华，最近你很苦恼，你经常和父母发生争执。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1. 父母的过度关心带给你的困惑和烦恼；2. 向 Tom 寻求解决方案。注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。提示中的内容比较宽泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使作文显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，运用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练的使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好的完成了写作任务。例如： Whenever I come back home late, they will get very angry with me. （运用了连词Whenever引导的时间状语从句）；But my parents think I should always do my best in every subject. （运用了省略从属连词that引导的宾语从句）；Can you give me some advice on how to get along with my parents （运用了疑问副词加动词不定式结构做宾语）。
六、读后续写
47．（2024高一下·昭通开学考）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In the first and second grades, I was extremely shy. I had friends, but it just wasn't in my personality to be very outgoing, even if I knew someone well. I was even quieter with strangers, and so I wasn't very good at meeting new people. I was afraid that I would do or say something wrong.
So in our school's annual grand play, I usually sat in a secluded (僻静的) corner to watch the performance alone. I hoped to sit in the background and watch the actors sweat in front of all those pairs of eyes.
One day in the third grade, my teacher Mrs. Sally called me into her office and said, "Oh, Mary, you re great at memorizing things, and you have such a sweet personality. Perfect for Jenny! ‘ But I bowed my head and dared not speak. The teacher saw this and then said, "Of course, plenty of girls would love the role, and I could find somebody else. But I hope you could try it for me. I had you in mind for Jenny while writing the play! If you really don't want to, I won't force you. It's your choice."
My mind was spinning (快速旋转) faster than the windmill (风车) on the school playground. Mrs. Sally, whom I loved and admired, wanted me to play this role. She believed in me. My eyes moved across the room to a poster I had never noticed before. It showed a shooting star and read, "If you reach for the stars, you might at least grab a piece of the moon." I looked into Mrs. Sally's shining blue eyes and said, "Okay, I'll try." I realized it was time to throw off my shy mask and show the world who I really was.
In the following five months, the teacher taught me how to set, put on makeup, memorize lines, create costumes and so on. Gradually, I mastered (掌握) my lines and songs.
注意：1、续写词数应为150左右；2、请按如下格式作答。
The big day came at last.
……
At that time, Mrs. Sally came backstage for her final check-up and noticed my nervousness.
【答案】The big day came at last. I jogged all the way to the backstage of the school hall. Cameras were lighting up in all directions. Looking back on five months practise, I seemed to have confidence in myself. I found a new person inside me, a much more daring and outgoing person who had been hidden all along. However, when I was about to go on stage, my heart was pounding so hard that my throat tightened and my knees felt weak.
At that time, Mrs. Sally came backstage for her final check-up and noticed that my nervousness. "It doesn't matter how you do tonight," she said. "You've already shown how wonderful you are." Looking into Mrs Sally's shining blue eyes, I calmed down and then walked onto the stage with his warm words like a ray of sunshine. When I finished my performance, the audience burst into applause. The scene made me feel myself floating in an ocean of happiness. I knew that all this was due to the encouragement from my teacher, who helped me find the confidence to succeed.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，该篇记叙文主要讲述了一个害羞的女孩在老师的鼓励下，决定给自己一个机会，走上舞台进行表演。段落续写：1.由第一段首句内容"这一天最终到来。"以及第二段首句"这时，Mrs. Sally来到后台做最后一次检查，她注意到我的紧张。"可知，第一段可描写的应该是作者在做等上舞台的准备，并且第一段最后应该表明作者很紧张。2.由第二段首句内容"这时，Mrs. Sally来到后台做最后一次检查，她注意到我的紧张。"可知，第二段可描写Mrs. Sally如何让作者不紧张，以及作者如何成功登台表演。续写线索：舞台描写——登台前的准备——感到紧张——老师鼓励作者——作者不再紧张——登上舞台表演。写作时要注意准确运用时态，上下文意思要连贯，符合句际间和段际间的逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的词汇及句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型来提升文章的档次。
【点评】1. 本篇书面表达表达上要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用了一定数量的句式结构，让句子表达更加生动传神，同时使用了较多的高级词汇和固定短语，提高了文章的档次，体现了对英语书面表达熟练的驾驭能力。 例如： Looking back on five months practise, I seemed to have confidence in
myself.（运用了现在分词短语做状语）；I found a new person inside me, a much more daring and outgoing person who had been hidden all along. (运用了who引导的定语从句)；When I finished my performance, the audience burst into applause. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句)；I knew that all this was due to the encouragement from my teacher, which helped me find the confidence to succeed.(运用了that引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句)。
2. 读后续写步骤如下
（1）精读文章，确定文章线索。每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索，比如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等，这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求。一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此短文续写的具体要求，如字数限制、使用几处下划线关键词语、续写段落的首句提示，这样考生能做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路。根据文章后面的要求，再次快速回读短文，抓住文章的思路，结合段首的提示语，最终确定续写段落的思路，同时结合文章划线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句。在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中划线的关键词语拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性、语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
（5）标出续写部分中使用到的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语。这一点可以帮助考生检查关键词语的使用情况并根据情况做出修改。最后在誊写文字时，务必做到"字迹工整、清晰"。
3. 在做此类试题时，读到适当的位置，可以短暂停顿，根据已读部分文章的脉络，对文章进行发散思维，设想可能的几种结尾；经常实施微型化训练，也就是对所读文章的某一段落进行设想。根据某段落的首句提示，结合文章的上文对该段进行合理设想，推断该段可能要讲述的内容。
1 / 1云南省昭通市正道中学2023-2024学年高一下学期开学考试英语试卷
一、阅读理解
（2024高一下·昭通开学考） 阅读理解
Explore the magic of the underwater world
Reasons for visiting Georgia Aquarium(水族馆) in Atlanta
Atlanta's aquarium is home to tens of thousands of animals including 500 species from around the world and more than 60 habitats. The largest exhibit at Georgia Aquarium is home to whale sharks, manta rays and more swimmers. The second largest exhibit is home to six beluga whales. And you won't want to miss the dolphin exhibit and the dolphin show at Georgia Aquarium featuring an expansive underwater dolphin viewing window and a wonderful musical theatrical performance that highlights the bond shared between dolphins and humans.
Insider tips
○Arrive when the aquarium opens to beat the crowds.
○Have a sleepover inside some of Georgia Aquarium's exhibits.
○Wear a wet suit, dive into the water and swim with whale sharks, manta rays and more.
Know before you go
○Georgia Aquarium is open 365 days a year.
○Monday-Wednesday: 9 AM-6 PM
○Thursday: 9 AM-8 PM
○Friday: 9 AM-5 PM (Early closing for the themed party Sips Under the Sea)
○Saturday-Sunday: 8 AM-9 PM
Tickets & Pricing
Penguin Encounter(相遇) Sea Lion Encounter Dolphin Encounter Dive with the Whale Sharks Swim with the Whale Sharks
$63.99 $75.99 $75.99 $335.99 $245.99
1．What can we learn about Georgia Aquarium
A．It includes 600 species.
B．It holds overground dolphin shows.
C．Visitors can stay the night there.
D．Swimmers speak highly of its performance.
2．When can people visit Georgia Aquarium
A．At 5 PM on Tuesday. B．At 6 PM on Friday.
C．At 7 AM on Saturday. D．At 8 AM on Thursday.
3．Which activity takes the most off the ticket price
A．Dolphin Encounter. B．Penguin Encounter.
C．Swim with the Whale Sharks. D．Dive with the Whale Sharks.
（2024高一下·昭通开学考） 阅读理解
The automobile industry is spending billions on self-driving cars, but what if we quite like driving
One holiday a few years ago, I spent hours being transported on trains, buses and planes. I read a novel for a while, then stared out the window, in a black mood. I was turned into goods, being shifted from one location to another. Then, finally, came the exciting section of the holiday when I hired a car.
My wife Jocasta and I followed the positioning system, turning right, then right again, and found ourselves in a small town. I spoke to the positioning system, "We don't want to be here; we want the highway." Then it asked me to turn right again and again. With every turn, the street narrowed. The walls were so close that I had to hold my breath.
Another car appeared, coming towards us from the opposite direction. The driver signaled, telling me I had to make way. But how I didn't have the courage to back up along the impossibly narrow passage. Soon some locals came to help. One lady stood at the back of the vehicle, waving me on. She continued making "this way, this way" movements with her arms. In an act of blind trust, I followed her instructions, creeping (小心行进) backwards and forwards. Remarkably, it worked. I completed my turn into the side street. The other car passed and the driver gave me a grateful wave. Then I followed the lady's suggestion and — finally — saw the highway.
My hands were shaking. I breathed in and out. Jocasta turned to me. "You're my hero," she said. I looked at her, expecting a shadow of a teasing (嘲笑的) smile, but can find none. "You're my hero," she repeated. "I mean it. You did a really good job." Finally, I managed to steady my nerves. Then we set off again and the car sped smoothly away. Who would exchange all this for a self-driving car
4．Why are self-driving cars mentioned in paragraph 1
A．To show the advance in technology.
B．To show the author's love for driving.
C．To show the change in the automobile industry.
D．To lead to the author's holiday experience.
5．Why did the author drive into the narrow passage
A．He wanted to take a shortcut.
B．He intended to thank, the locals for help.
C．He had to turn to avoid another car.
D．He was misdirected by the guidance system
6．What can be inferred about the author and his wife from the last paragraph
A．His wife used to laugh at him.
B．He became more skilled at driving.
C．His wife tried to encourage and calm him.
D．He misunderstood his wife throughout.
7．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．A Hero Behind the Wheel
B．An Adventurous Automobile Trip
C．A Lover of Self-driving Cars
D．An Unexpected Technological Problem
（2024高一下·昭通开学考） 阅读理解
It's midafternoon. You're full from lunch. The day is warm. You're starting to feel sleepy. Should you give in to the comfort of a nap (小睡)
From the viewpoint of health, it may be worth it. Though there is a hassle when it comes to whether napping benefits everyone, we generally acknowledge that naps can improve at least some people's cognitive (认知的) performance in the short term.
For example, scientists reviewed a past experiment that focused on healthy participants with regular sleep cycles. In that experiment, participants were given math problems that could be solved with a shortcut that they weren't told about. Some participants were encouraged to take a nap before dealing with the problems. It was found that those who napped-and spent even just 30 seconds in the first, lightest stage of sleep-were 2.7 times more likely to figure out the math shortcut than those who stayed awake. But entering a deeper sleep stage had a negative effect.
The benefits of napping are strongest for people who have sleep debt, such as shift workers, new parents and elderly people whose nighttime sleep is always interrupted. They all seem to get a boost through napping: a 2013 study focusing on such people, for example, showed that taking a nap during one's night shift work reduced sleepiness and improved overall performance, even if people were slightly inactive as they came out of their nap-a phenomenon called "sleep inertia (惰性)".
There is something we can do to reduce sleep inertia. A 20-minute nap is good for recharging, and 60 to 90 minutes of sleep can be even more restorative. The nap to avoid is one lasting more than 20 minutes and less than 60 minutes, which is most likely to lead to sleep inertia.
8．What does the underlined word "hassle" mean in paragraph 2
A．Debate. B．Tendency. C．Guidance. D．Judgement.
9．What did the experiment find about napping
A．It improves memory.
B．It helps clear one's mind
C．It may promote one's health.
D．It has a bad influence on people.
10．What can we infer about the subjects of the 2013 study
A．They tended to nap more.
B．They were inactive in daytime.
C．They came out of their naps slowly.
D．They didn't get enough nighttime sleep
11．How can we avoid sleep inertia
A．By taking fewer naps. B．By napping within 1 hour.
C．By managing the nap length. D．By avoiding long naps.
（2024高一下·昭通开学考） 阅读理解
Eating insects is one of those ideas that never quite seem to catch on. The United Nations supported the idea a decade ago, but, in the West at least, insects remain mostly absent from supermarket shelves. Faced with this situation, scientists have been exploring other options. One is to feed insects to farm animals, which are not so picky.
Of course, insects need to eat, too. To date, they have mostly been raised on leftover chicken feed. But the supply of that is limited, and if insect-raised meat is to take off, new sources will be needed. In a paper in the Journal of Applied Entomology, Niels Thomas Eriksen, a biochemist at Aalborg University, suggests feeding them on the waste products of the beer industry.
The world knocks back around 185 billion litres of beer every year. Each litre produces between three and ten litres of wastewater full of abandoned substances that are richer in protein but not in carbohydrates (碳水化合物) , especially compared with chicken feed. Most insects grown for feed depend, in the wild, on the carbohydrates found in fruit which goes bad. Whether insects would actually consider beer waste square meal was, therefore, unclear.
The researchers used the baby black soldier flies. The insects were divided into three groups, which were offered beer waste, chicken feed and a mixture of both respectively. The researchers monitored both their weight gain and the amount of carbon dioxide they breathed out, which helped assess the insects' metabolic (新陈代谢的) performance. The babies happily consumed both beer waste and chicken feed, and grew equally well on either food source. When Dr Eriksen made further chemical analysis, he found few differences in the nutrients needed for farm animals' growth.
What the researchers found is good news for some other industries whose waste is likewise plentiful and protein-rich, and they now look to be reasonable targets for nutrient recycling by insects. Whether consumers will be willing to eat insect-raised meat, though, remains to be seen.
12．What do we know about eating insects in the beginning
A．It will probably catch on soon.
B．Most westerners shy away from it.
C．It is supported in most of the world.
D．Most scientists turn down this idea.
13．Why were the researchers initially unsure of beer waste as insect feed
A．Its supply is not enough.
B．It contains too much protein.
C．It lacks necessary carbohydrates.
D．Its chemical contents are unknown.
14．What did the researchers find about the insects
A．They preferred to eat chicken feed.
B．They grew fastest on beer waste.
C．They could turn beer waste into meat.
D．They needed more food than expected.
15．What does the author indicate in the last paragraph
A．Some industries rarely recycle their waste.
B．The practical application of the findings is limited.
C．Insect-raised meat is likely to be the next fashion.
D．The experiment has an outlook beyond the beer industry.
二、七选五
（2024高一下·昭通开学考） 七选五
How to Politely Cancel PlansOver Text
You made plans with friends, but when it's time to leave the house, you just don't have the energy. Or, maybe something else comes up, and you can't make it. 16． But with a few tips, you can do it politely.
◆Text them as soon as possible.
That way, your friends can rearrange their schedules. If you know you cannot make it, try to text a day ahead of time. Otherwise, your friends might be annoyed about the inconvenience. If there's an emergency and you have to cancel the plan at the last minute, that's fine. 17．
◆Be honest about your situation.
18． If you've encountered a change in your schedule, just tell them what it is. Your friends will be more understanding if they can tell you're telling the truth. Just say things like: "I ran into an issue at work." or "I'm dealing with some family problems."
◆Ask if you can reschedule.
Instead of saying "Let's hang out soon!", pick a new time, so your friends know that you're serious. 19． Try to include this in your original message so they know what you're doing right away, and make sure it's a plan you can stick to so you don't have to cancel again.
◆ 20．
Add in one more nice thing to make a compliment (赞美) sandwich. After you tell your friends you have to cancel and apologize, let them know how much you appreciate them making plans with you. This will reassure them that you love spending time with them, and it can even help you feel less guilty, too.
A. Start with your appreciation.
B. Thank them for inviting you out.
C. Let them know how urgent the situation is.
D. There's no need to lie about what's going on.
E. It shows that you aren't just blowing them off.
F. Otherwise, you should try to cancel ahead of time.
G. Whatever the case is, cancelling plans can be annoying.
三、完形填空（15空）
（2024高一下·昭通开学考） 完形填空
When was the last time you made space in your life to play When I was a kid, I knew exactly what play 21． . It was climbing trees. It was 22． mud pies. But as I got older, I found people around were less and less 23． of my playful attitude. Pressure from work 24． me to tone down my personality until I almost forgot how to 25． . It's a common story. As we grow up, we 26． our connection to our childhood memories of imagination and play. We're told to act 27． and not waste time.
This is a problem. Play is an 28． need like sleep and nutrition. When we don't experience it 29． we will have deficits(缺失). Researchers argue that play can allow us to think more creatively and 30． social cooperation.
To bring more play into your life, you don't necessarily need to make any significant 31． or rework your entire schedule. You can start small, something as 32． as observing tiny moments in nature. Any increase in play throughout your day is a 33． —whether it's a hobby like painting, playing a board game, or just a new, 34． attitude. Just follow the example of your inner child and he can lead you to find more 35． .
21．A． needed B． stressed C． showed D． meant
22．A． selling B． making C． finding D． saving
23．A． proud B． tolerant C． approving D． deserving
24．A． forced B． enabled C． reminded D． inspired
25．A． work B． fight C． play D． share
26．A． find fault with B． lose track of
C． take delight in D． make peace with
27．A． humbly B． naturally C． quickly D． seriously
28．A． essential B． urgent C． individual D． immediate
29．A． secretly B． previously C． personally D． sufficiently
30．A． expect B． assess C． practice D． accept
31．A． sense B． changes
C． progress D． contributions
32．A． sweet B． relaxing C． simple D． interesting
33．A． win B． pity C． dream D． surprise
34．A． firm B． playful C． friendly D． positive
35．A． value B． luck C． help D． joy
四、短文填空
（2024高一下·昭通开学考）短文填空
Potala Palace (布达拉宫) is the highest ancient palace in the world. The palace, 36． (name) after a holy hill, is said to be used for greeting a Han princess. Legend has it that in the 7th century, 37． (greet) his bride Princess Wencheng of the Tang Dynasty, Songtsen Gampo built a palace with a thousand rooms up on the Red Hill and named it Potala. The palace was 38． (main) made of stones and woods, and decorated 39． special local tree branches. Later, the ancient palace 40． (destroy) in wars. 41． we see at present is the architecture of the Qing Dynasty and the continuous expanding work outcome since the 17th century.
The Palace has two parts, the Red Palace as the center and the White Palace as two wings. The Red Palace is the highest part in the center that is completely devoted to 42． (religion) study. It was painted red to represent power. It consists of different halls and 43． (library) on many levels with winding passages. The White Palace, 44． once served as the office building of local government makes up the living quarters, and 45． (it) wall was painted white to convey peace and calmness.
五、书面表达
46．（2024高一下·昭通开学考）假定你是李华，最近你很苦恼，因为你经常和父母发生争执。请你给英国笔友Tom 写一封信，向他倾诉你成长中的烦恼。内容包括：
1. 父母的过度关心带给你的困惑和烦恼；
2. 向 Tom 寻求解决方案。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
六、读后续写
47．（2024高一下·昭通开学考）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In the first and second grades, I was extremely shy. I had friends, but it just wasn't in my personality to be very outgoing, even if I knew someone well. I was even quieter with strangers, and so I wasn't very good at meeting new people. I was afraid that I would do or say something wrong.
So in our school's annual grand play, I usually sat in a secluded (僻静的) corner to watch the performance alone. I hoped to sit in the background and watch the actors sweat in front of all those pairs of eyes.
One day in the third grade, my teacher Mrs. Sally called me into her office and said, "Oh, Mary, you re great at memorizing things, and you have such a sweet personality. Perfect for Jenny! ‘ But I bowed my head and dared not speak. The teacher saw this and then said, "Of course, plenty of girls would love the role, and I could find somebody else. But I hope you could try it for me. I had you in mind for Jenny while writing the play! If you really don't want to, I won't force you. It's your choice."
My mind was spinning (快速旋转) faster than the windmill (风车) on the school playground. Mrs. Sally, whom I loved and admired, wanted me to play this role. She believed in me. My eyes moved across the room to a poster I had never noticed before. It showed a shooting star and read, "If you reach for the stars, you might at least grab a piece of the moon." I looked into Mrs. Sally's shining blue eyes and said, "Okay, I'll try." I realized it was time to throw off my shy mask and show the world who I really was.
In the following five months, the teacher taught me how to set, put on makeup, memorize lines, create costumes and so on. Gradually, I mastered (掌握) my lines and songs.
注意：1、续写词数应为150左右；2、请按如下格式作答。
The big day came at last.
……
At that time, Mrs. Sally came backstage for her final check-up and noticed my nervousness.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．C
2．A
3．D
【知识点】细节理解题；旅游观光类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是应用文，主要介绍了游览位于亚特兰大的佐治亚水族馆的相关信息。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。
1．细节理解题。由Insider tips部分中的"Have a sleepover inside some of Georgia Aquarium's exhibits.(在乔治亚水族馆的一些展品中过夜。)"可知，游客是可以在水族馆过夜的。故选C。
2．细节理解题。由Know before you go部分中的时间安排"Monday-Wednesday: 9 AM-6 PM(周一至周三：上午9点至下午6点)"可知，周二下午五点可以去参观佐治亚水族馆。故选A。
3．细节理解题。对比Tickets Pricing部分中几个活动项目的原价和现价可知，几个活动降价分别是$69.99-$63.99=$6，$79.99-$75.99=$4，$79.99-$75.99=$4和$359.99-$335.99=$24，因此Dive with the Whale Sharks降价24美元，是降价最多的。故选D。
【答案】4．D
5．D
6．C
7．A
【知识点】推理判断题；故事阅读类；记叙文；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者和妻子在度假时租了一辆车，但汽车导航把车引入了一个很狭窄的过道里，在一位女士的帮助下作者才顺利把车倒了出来，作者还收获了妻子的称赞。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及推理判断题和主旨大意题两种题型。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段"The automobile industry is spending billions on self-driving cars, but what if we quite like driving (汽车行业在自动驾驶汽车上花费了数十亿美元，但如果我们非常喜欢驾驶呢？)"和下文描述的作者假期的经历可知，第一段中but前后表示转折，前面讲述自动驾驶汽车受到了重点开发，后面讲述还是有人可能喜欢自己驾驶汽车，接着下文讲述了作者假期开车被导航误导进一个过道了，多亏了别人相助才顺利把车开出来，最后还获得了妻子的赞扬，这种经历只有亲自开车才会有，由此可推测出，第一段提到自动驾驶汽车是为了引出作者的假期经历。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段"My wife Jocasta and I followed the positioning system, turning right, then right again, and found ourselves in a small town. I spoke to the positioning system, ‘We don't want to be here; we want the highway.' Then it asked me to turn right again and again. With every turn, the street narrowed. The walls were so close that I had to hold my breath.(我和妻子Jocasta跟着定位系统，向右转弯，然后又向右转弯，发现我们自己在一个小镇上。我对定位系统说：‘我们不想在这里，我们想要高速公路。'然后它一次又一次地让我右转。街道一转弯就变窄了。墙太近了，我不得不屏住呼吸。)"可推测出，作者被导航系统误导，所以开车进入了狭窄的过道。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"My hands were shaking. I breathed in and out.(我的手在发抖。我吸气又呼气。)"和"‘You're my hero,' she repeated. ‘I mean it. You did a really good job.' Finally, I managed to steady my nerves. Then we set off again and the car sped smoothly away.(‘你是我的英雄，'她重复道。‘我是认真的。你做得很好。'最后，我设法稳定了自己的神经。然后我们又出发了，汽车平稳地开走了。)"可知，作者开车出来后仍然惊魂未定，双手颤抖，努力想平复心情，而作者妻子的话让作者稳住心神，成功平稳开车离开，由此可推测出，作者的妻子努力鼓励作者并让作者镇静下来。故选C。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者驾车旅游时在导航的指引下驶入了一条狭窄的通道，最后在当地人的帮助下成功倒车出来并收获了妻子的称赞。结合最后一段中妻子的话"You're my hero(你是我的英雄)"可知，作者成功克服了困难，妻子对他进行赞扬，A项"开车的英雄"既是对作者成功解决困难的肯定，也与妻子称赞他为英雄的内容相照应。故A项作文章标题最佳。故选A。
【答案】8．A
9．B
10．D
11．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健类
【解析】【分析】本文是说明文，在下午三四点钟，你肚子很饱，天气很暖和，你开始感到困倦了。你应该屈服于小睡的舒适吗？小睡对你有好处吗？本文告诉你答案。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和词义猜测题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。词义猜测题的解题方法包括利用指代关系、定义、定语、文章中的举例、比较的词语、构词法知识、上下文语境、因果关系来推测词义。
8．词义猜测题。画线词所在部分是让步状语从句，因此可以判断，a hassle与主句的generally acknowledge应在含义上对立。主句"we generally acknowledge that naps can improve at least some people's cognitive (认知的) performance in the short term.(但我们通常承认，小睡至少可以在短期内提高一些人的认知能力)"指出我们通常都认为小睡至少能在短期内提升一些人的认知表现，因此可推断出，从句应表示尽管在小睡是否让所有人受益方面存在争议/争论/分歧。hassle与debate含义接近，故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中"It was found that those who napped-and spent even just 30 seconds in the first, lightest stage of sleep-were 2.7 times more likely to figure out the math shortcut than those who stayed awake. But entering a deeper sleep stage had a negative effect.(研究发现，那些在睡眠最轻的第一阶段小睡了30秒的人比那些保持清醒的人更有可能找到数学捷径，这个概率是其他人的2.7倍。但是进入深度睡眠阶段会产生负面影响。)"可知，该实验发现小睡有助于使人头脑清醒。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段"The benefits of napping are strongest for people who have sleep debt, such as shift workers, new parents and elderly people whose nighttime sleep is always interrupted. They all seem to get a boost through napping (小睡的好处对于那些有睡眠债务的人来说是最大的，比如轮班工人，初为人父母的人和夜间睡眠总是被打断的老年人。他们似乎都能通过小睡得到提升)"可推知，研究对象是一些有睡眠负债的人，他们夜晚的睡眠不充足。故选D。
11．推理判断题。最后一段"There is something we can do to reduce sleep inertia. A 20-minute nap is good for recharging, and 60 to 90 minutes of sleep can be even more restorative. The nap to avoid is one lasting more than 20 minutes and less than 60 minutes, which is most likely to lead to sleep inertia.(我们可以做一些事情来减少睡眠惰性。20分钟的小睡有助于恢复体力，60到90分钟的睡眠甚至可以让你恢复体力。要避免的小睡持续时间超过20分钟，少于60分钟，这很可能导致睡眠惰性。)"介绍了如何减轻睡眠惰性。20分钟以及60至90分钟的小睡都有作用，但是20分钟以上、60分钟以下的小睡最有可能导致睡眠惰性。由此可推知，小睡的时间要安排好，既不能太短，也不能太长。故选C。
【答案】12．B
13．C
14．C
15．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。很多人对吃昆虫敬谢不敏，科学家想到用昆虫当饲料喂养农场牲畜，但是昆虫也需要食物，而它们的食物有限。于是科学家进行了一项实验，发现以啤酒废弃物为食的昆虫一样有营养。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"The United Nations supported the idea a decade ago, but, in the West at least, insects remain mostly absent from supermarket shelves.(联合国在十年前就支持了这一想法，但至少在西方，超市货架上仍然看不到昆虫)"可知，大部分西方人还是不吃昆虫的。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中"Each litre produces between three and ten litres of wastewater full of abandoned substances that are richer in protein but not in carbohydrates (碳水化合物), especially compared with chicken feed.(每升废水会产生3到10升的废水，这些废水充满了富含蛋白质但不含碳水化合物的废弃物质，尤其是与鸡饲料相比)"可知，研究人员一开始不确定啤酒废弃物是否能作昆虫的饲料，是因为啤酒废料缺乏必要的碳水化合物。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"When Dr Eriksen made further chemical analysis, he found few differences in the nutrients needed for farm animals' growth.(当埃里克森博士进行进一步的化学分析时，他发现农场动物生长所需的营养物质几乎没有什么不同)"以及最后一段"What the researchers found is good news for some other industries whose waste is likewise plentiful and protein-rich, and they now look to be reasonable targets for nutrient recycling by insects.(研究人员的发现对其他一些工业来说是个好消息，这些工业的废物同样丰富，富含蛋白质，现在它们看起来是昆虫养分回收的合理目标)"可推知，昆虫可以把啤酒废料变成肉。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段"What the researchers found is good news for some other industries whose waste is likewise plentiful and protein-rich, and they now look to be reasonable targets for nutrient recycling by insects.(研究人员的发现对其他一些工业来说是个好消息，这些工业的废物同样丰富，富含蛋白质，现在它们看起来是昆虫养分回收的合理目标)"可推知，该实验的前景不限于啤酒行业。故选D。
【答案】16．G；17．F；18．D；19．E；20．B
【知识点】说明文；七选五；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文章就如何礼貌地通过短信取消计划给出了一些建议。
【点评】考查任务型阅读（七选五）。解题时，要求考生注意通读整篇文章，把握整段脉络，理出文章的中心，分析段落之间和段落内部的层次。选项与前后句之间的逻辑关系是确定答案的主要依据。可以从意思、关键词、关联词来分析段落之间以及段落内部的逻辑关系。七选五解题的一些实用技巧如下。第一，快速浏览全文，把握文章主旨。在开始解题前，快速浏览全文，了解文章的大致内容和主题，有助于更好地理解和判断每个选项的合适性。第二，注意段首句和段尾句。段首句往往是对整段的概括或引入，而段尾句则常常是对该段的总结或结论。因此，关注这些句子有助于我们快速了解段落的主旨，从而更好地选择答案。第三，利用上下文语境和逻辑关系进行推断。在选择答案时，要仔细阅读上下文，寻找与选项相关的线索和信息，如关联词、同义词、反义词等。同时，也要根据逻辑关系进行推断，如因果、转折、并列等，从而确定正确答案。第四，排除法也是一种有效的解题方法。当面对多个选项时，可以先排除与文章主旨或上下文不符的选项，然后再根据剩余选项的内容进行比较和选择。
16．空处上文"You made plans with friends, but when it's time to leave the house, you just don't have the energy. Or, maybe something else comes up, and you can't make it.(你和朋友制定了计划，但当要离开家的时候，你就是没有精力。或者，可能有其他事情发生，而你无法做到。)"提到了一些你需要取消计划的情况，空处下文"But with a few tips, you can do it politely.(但只要有一些小技巧，你就可以礼貌地做到这一点。)"提到有一些小技巧可以帮助有礼貌地取消计划。由此可知，本空应是承上启下句，指出计划取消可能会给人带来困扰，进而引出下文对于"礼貌地取消计划的方法"的介绍，G项"Whatever the case is, cancelling plans can be annoying.(不管是什么情况，取消计划都很烦人。)"说明取消计划会很烦人，承上启下，其中的the case指的是上文提到的情况，因此G选项符合语境。故选G。
17．根据本段的主旨句"◆Text them as soon as possible.(尽快给他们发短信。)"可知，本段提出的建议是"尽快给他们发短信"，根据空处上文"That way, your friends can rearrange their schedules.(这样，你的朋友可以重新安排他们的日程。)"和"If there's an emergency and you have to cancel the plan at the last minute, that's fine.(如果有紧急情况，你不得不在最后一刻取消计划，那也没关系。)"可知，这样做的目的是让朋友们有时间重新安排日程，以避免给他们带来不便和困扰，除非你有紧急情况，不得不在最后一刻取消安排，否则都应该尽快给朋友发短信。F项"Otherwise, you should try to cancel ahead of time.(否则, 你应该尽量提前取消。)"说明了要尽量提前取消，再次与本段的段落小标题相呼应，其中，ahead of time与the last minute相对应，因此符合语境。故选F。
18．根据本段的主旨句"◆Be honest about your situation.(诚实面对自己的处境。)"可知，本段提出的建议是"诚实地说明自己的情况"。根据空处下文"If you've encountered a change in your schedule, just tell them what it is. Your friends will be more understanding if they can tell you're telling the truth.(如果你的日程安排发生了变化，直接告诉他们是什么。如果你的朋友知道你说的是实话，他们会更加理解你。)"可知，如果你的日程发生了变化，只需告诉朋友实情，这样能够建立更好的信任关系，并且朋友会更理解你的决定。D 项"There's no need to lie about what's going on.(没有必要对正在发生的事情撒谎。)"说明了要说出实情，符合此处的语境，选项中的lie about what's going on与上文中的telling the truth相呼应。故选D。
19．根据本段的主旨句"◆Ask if you can reschedule.(询问是否可以重新安排时间。)"可知，本段提出的建议是"询问你们是否可以重新约时间"。根据空处上文"Instead of saying "Let's hang out soon!", pick a new time, so your friends know that you're serious.(与其说"我们快点出去玩吧!"，选择一个新的时间，这样你的朋友就知道你是认真的。)"可知，询问朋友是否可以重新约时间可以显示出自己的诚意和重视，且有助于朋友建立朋友对你的信任，并使他们更愿意与你重新安排时间。E 项"It shows that you aren't just blowing them off.(这表明你并不只是敷衍他们。)"说明了重新约时间表明你没有敷衍他们，而是认真的，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选E。
20．空处为段落小标题。根据下文中的"let them know how much you appreciate them making plans with you. This will reassure them that you love spending time with them, and it can even help you feel less guilty, too.(让他们知道你有多感激他们和你一起制定计划。这会让他们放心，你喜欢和他们在一起，这甚至可以帮助你减少罪恶感。)"可知，本段的建议是，在告诉朋友你需要取消计划并道歉之后，你要向朋友表达感谢，B项"Thank them for inviting you out.(谢谢他们邀请你外出。)"说明了要对朋友表示感激，能够准确地表达本段的观点，因此可作为本段小标题。故选B。
【答案】21．D；22．B；23．C；24．A；25．C；26．B；27．D；28．A；29．D；30．C；31．B；32．C；33．A；34．B；35．D
【知识点】名词辨析；形容词的词义辨析；副词的辨析；说明文；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了生活中，腾出时间来玩耍有很多好处的。所以作者建议我们要多玩耍。
【点评】考查完形填空。首先要通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺失的单词的含义，最后对选项进行对比分析，选出正确选项。完形填空是英语考试中常见的一种题型，旨在测试学生的语言综合运用能力。一些实用的解题策略如下。一、通读全文，把握大意。在开始答题之前，应先通读全文，了解文章的主题和大致内容。这样有助于理解作者的意图，把握文章的整体思路，为后续的填空选择提供正确的方向。二、仔细分析，逐一排查。对于每一个空，要仔细分析所给的选项，逐一排查，选出最符合文意的答案。通常情况下，完形填空中会有几个空白需要填写形容词、副、名词等，要注意所填的词要与句子前后内容相符。三、结合上下文，理解语义。有时候仅从一个空所在的句子很难确定正确的答案，这时需要结合上下文，理解整体的语义环境。通过对前后的语境分析，确定一个合理的答案。四、注意语法结构。完形填空中涉及的语法知识较多，如时态、语态、词性等。在选择答案时，要仔细考虑语法结构是否正确。五、积累词汇，提高语言基础。要想在完形填空中取得好成绩，平时的词汇积累非常重要。建议学生多阅读英文文章，扩大词汇量，提高语言基础。
21．句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我很清楚玩耍的意义。A. needed需要；B. stressed强调；C. showed展示；D. meant意味着。下文"It was climbing trees"指出了作者认为玩耍的意义是爬树，下文"my playful attitude"也是提示，下文介绍了作者对玩耍的态度，即作者所认为的玩耍的意义，故选D。
22．句意：它（玩耍）的意义是做泥饼。A. selling卖；B. making制作；C. finding发现；D. saving挽救。由下文"mud pies"可知，此处介绍玩耍的意义是做泥饼，故选B。
23．句意：但是随着年龄的增长，我发现周围的人越来越不赞同我玩耍的态度。A. proud骄傲的；B. tolerant忍受的；C. approving赞同的；D. deserving值得的。由but可知，前后是转折关系，即作者周围的人不赞同作者对玩耍的态度。故选C。
24．句意：来自工作的压力迫使我淡化我的个性，直到我几乎忘记如何去玩耍。A. forced强迫；B. enabled使能够；C. reminded提醒；D. inspired鼓励。由上文"Pressure from work"和下文"me to tone down my personality"可知，工作的压力迫使作者淡化自己的个性，故选A。
25．句意：来自工作的压力迫使我淡化我的个性，直到我几乎忘记如何去玩耍。A. work工作；B. fight成群飞行；C. play玩耍；D. share分享。上文"When was the last time you made space in your life to play "一直在介绍作者对于玩耍的认识，此处指工作的压力使得作者忘记如何去玩耍了，故选C。
26．句意：随着我们的成长，我们失去了一些联系，我们的童年记忆的想象力和游戏。A. find fault with挑剔；B. lose track of失去联系；C. take delight in喜欢；D. make peace with与……和睦相处。由上文"As we grow up"和下文"our connection to our childhood memories of imagination and play"可知，我们长大了，失去了一些联系，故选B。
27．句意：我们被告知要认真行动，不要浪费时间。A. humbly谦虚地；B. naturally自然地；C. quickly快速地；D. seriously严肃地，认真地。由上文"We're told to act"可知，别人应该告知我们要认真行动，故选D。
28．句意：游戏和睡眠、营养一样，是必不可少的需要。A. essential必要的；B. urgent紧急的；C. individual个人的；D. immediate立即的。由下文"need like sleep and nutrition"可知，睡眠和营养是我们必不可少的需要，故选A。
29．句意：当我们没有足够的经历时，我们将有缺失。A. secretly秘密地；B. previously以前地；C. personally亲自地；D. sufficiently足够地。由下文"we will have deficits(缺失)"可知，没有足够的经历会使我们有所缺失，故选D。
30．句意：研究人员认为，游戏可以让我们更有创造性地思考和实践社会合作。A. expect期望；B. assess评价；C. practice练习，实践；D. accept接受。由上文"Researchers argue that play can allow us to think more creatively"可知，游戏可以让我们更有创造性地思考和实践社会合作。故选C。
31．句意：为了给生活带来更多的乐趣，你不需要做任何重大的改变或者重新安排你的整个计划。A. sense感觉；B. changes改变；C. progress进步；D. contributions贡献。由下文"or rework your entire schedule."可知，你不需要重新安排你的整个计划，这说明你不需要做出任何重大改变，故选B。
32．句意：你可以从小事做起，比如观察大自然中的微小瞬间这种简单事。A. sweet甜的；B. relaxing令人放松的；C. simple简单的；D. interesting有趣的。由下文"observing tiny moments in nature"可知，观察大自然中的微小瞬间是简单的事，故选C。
33．句意：在一天中，任何一次游戏的增加都是一种胜利——无论是像绘画、玩棋盘游戏这样的爱好，还是仅仅是一种新的、好玩的态度。A. win获胜，胜利；B. pity遗憾；C. dream梦想；D. surprise惊讶。由上文"Any increase in play throughout your day"和上文提到的玩耍很重要可知，每天增加一种游戏这是一种胜利，故选A。
34．句意：在一天中，任何一次游戏的增加都是一种胜利——无论是像绘画、玩棋盘游戏这样的爱好，还是仅仅是一种新的、好玩的态度。A. firm稳定的；B. playful好玩的；C. friendly友好的；D. positive积极的。由上文"whether it's a hobby like painting, playing a board game, or just a new"和上文提到的玩耍很重要，所以说有一种新的好玩的态度是一种胜利，故选B。
35．句意：只要追随你内心的孩童的脚步，他就能带领你找到更多的快乐。A. value价值；B. luck运气；C. help帮助；D. joy快乐。根据上文"Just follow the example of your inner child and he can lead you to find more"可知，追随你内心的孩童的脚步，这能让你玩耍，所以你就会找到更多快乐，故选D。
【答案】36．named；37．to greet；38．mainly；39．with；40．was destroyed；41．What；42．religious；43．libraries；44．which；45．its
【知识点】说明文；动词不定式；副词的用法；动词过去分词；社会历史类
【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了布达拉宫的历史和特点, 包括其命名由来、建造过程、建筑特色以及其在西藏与王朝交流中的重要地位。
【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及名词，形容词，代词，介词，副词，时态，语态，主谓一致，非谓语动词，主语从句以及定语从句多个知识点的考查。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。语法填空实用解题策略如下。一、分析句子结构。在面对语法填空题时，首先要做的是分析句子的结构。观察句子中的主语、谓语、宾语等主要成分，以及是否有从句、非谓语动词等复杂结构。通过理解句子结构，可以更好地把握填空处所需的词性和功能。二、确定词性变化。根据句子结构和语境，确定填空处所需的词性。然后，根据语法规则，考虑所需的词性是否需要进行变化，如名词的单复数、动词的时态和语态、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级等。确保所填词汇在语法上与句子其他部分相匹配。三、牢记固定搭配。英语中存在大量的固定搭配和短语，这些搭配在语法填空题中经常出现。因此，需要牢记常见的固定搭配和短语，以便在解题时能够迅速识别并正确填空。四、注意时态语态。时态和语态是英语语法填空的重要考点。在解题时，要注意根据句子的语境和上下文，判断所需动词的时态和语态。同时，也要注意时态和语态的一致性，确保所填词汇与句子的时态和语态相符。五、理解上下文语境。语境对于语法填空题的解答至关重要。通过理解句子的上下文，可以更好地理解填空处所需的词汇和语法结构。因此，在解题时，要仔细阅读句子的前后文，把握句子的整体意义，以便更好地填空。六、利用常识和逻辑。在某些情况下，可以利用常识和逻辑来解答语法填空题。例如，根据常识判断所填词汇是否符合常理，或者根据逻辑判断所填词汇是否与前后的句子内容相符合。通过利用常识和逻辑，可以更加准确地填空。七、多做练习总结。最后，多做练习是提高语法填空解题能力的有效途径。通过大量的练习，我们可以熟悉各种题型和考点，提高解题速度和准确率。同时，也要及时总结错题原因，分析解题思路和方法，以便更好地掌握语法填空题的解题技巧。
36．句意：这座宫殿，名字取自一座深山，据说是用来迎接一位汉族公主的。分析句子结构可知，此处作定语，name与其逻辑主语The palace之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词，故填named。
37．句意：传说在公元7世纪，松赞干布为了迎娶文成公主，在红山上修建了一座千房宫殿，取名布达拉。此处作目的状语，故应用不定式，故填to greet。
38．句意：宫殿主要由石头和木材制成，并用特殊的当地的树枝装饰着。空处修饰动词短语was made of，应用副词"mainly主要地"作状语，故填mainly。
39．句意：宫殿主要由石头和木材制成，并用特殊的当地的树枝装饰着。此处意为"用……装饰"，表达为be decorated with，故填with。
40．句意：之后，这座古老的宫殿在战争中被毁。此处作谓语动词，主语为the ancient palace，为单数，主语the ancient palace与destroy之间为被动关系，且根据前文的was made of可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填was destroyed。
41．句意：现在我们看到的是清代建筑，也是17世纪以来不断拓展的作品成果。此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少see的宾语，且意思为".…..的事物"，故应用what引导主语从句，故填What。
42．句意：红宫是中心最高的部分，完全致力于宗教研究。此处作定语，修饰名词study，故应用形容词"religious宗教的"，故填religious。
43．句意：它由不同的大厅和多层有着蜿蜒通道的图书馆组成。此处作宾语，故应用名词"library图书馆"，根据空前的different可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，故填libraries。
44．句意：曾经作为政府办公楼的白宫组成了生活区，它的墙刷成白色是为了表达和平和平静。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The White Palace，指物，定语从句中缺少主语，故应用which引导，故填which。
45．句意：曾经作为政府办公楼的白宫组成了生活区，它的墙刷成白色是为了表达和平和平静。空处修饰名词 wall，作定语，故应用形容词性物主代词"its它的"，故填 its。
46．【答案】Dear Tom,
These days, I feel upset. At school I am good at maths and English, while I find physics difficult to learn. But my parents think I should always do my best in every subject. Whenever I come back home late, they will get very angry with me. You know I like playing basketball, but when weekends come, they don't allow me to do anything except focusing on my lessons. Now I am no longer interested in my study. Can you give me some advice on how to get along with my parents
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】文字式应用文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇运用文写作，要求考生以李华的身份对于最近经常和父母发生争执这一情况，给英国笔友Tom 写一封信，向他倾诉你成长中的烦恼。写作背景：假定你是李华，最近你很苦恼，你经常和父母发生争执。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1. 父母的过度关心带给你的困惑和烦恼；2. 向 Tom 寻求解决方案。注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。提示中的内容比较宽泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使作文显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，运用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练的使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好的完成了写作任务。例如： Whenever I come back home late, they will get very angry with me. （运用了连词Whenever引导的时间状语从句）；But my parents think I should always do my best in every subject. （运用了省略从属连词that引导的宾语从句）；Can you give me some advice on how to get along with my parents （运用了疑问副词加动词不定式结构做宾语）。
47．【答案】The big day came at last. I jogged all the way to the backstage of the school hall. Cameras were lighting up in all directions. Looking back on five months practise, I seemed to have confidence in myself. I found a new person inside me, a much more daring and outgoing person who had been hidden all along. However, when I was about to go on stage, my heart was pounding so hard that my throat tightened and my knees felt weak.
At that time, Mrs. Sally came backstage for her final check-up and noticed that my nervousness. "It doesn't matter how you do tonight," she said. "You've already shown how wonderful you are." Looking into Mrs Sally's shining blue eyes, I calmed down and then walked onto the stage with his warm words like a ray of sunshine. When I finished my performance, the audience burst into applause. The scene made me feel myself floating in an ocean of happiness. I knew that all this was due to the encouragement from my teacher, who helped me find the confidence to succeed.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，该篇记叙文主要讲述了一个害羞的女孩在老师的鼓励下，决定给自己一个机会，走上舞台进行表演。段落续写：1.由第一段首句内容"这一天最终到来。"以及第二段首句"这时，Mrs. Sally来到后台做最后一次检查，她注意到我的紧张。"可知，第一段可描写的应该是作者在做等上舞台的准备，并且第一段最后应该表明作者很紧张。2.由第二段首句内容"这时，Mrs. Sally来到后台做最后一次检查，她注意到我的紧张。"可知，第二段可描写Mrs. Sally如何让作者不紧张，以及作者如何成功登台表演。续写线索：舞台描写——登台前的准备——感到紧张——老师鼓励作者——作者不再紧张——登上舞台表演。写作时要注意准确运用时态，上下文意思要连贯，符合句际间和段际间的逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的词汇及句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型来提升文章的档次。
【点评】1. 本篇书面表达表达上要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用了一定数量的句式结构，让句子表达更加生动传神，同时使用了较多的高级词汇和固定短语，提高了文章的档次，体现了对英语书面表达熟练的驾驭能力。 例如： Looking back on five months practise, I seemed to have confidence in
myself.（运用了现在分词短语做状语）；I found a new person inside me, a much more daring and outgoing person who had been hidden all along. (运用了who引导的定语从句)；When I finished my performance, the audience burst into applause. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句)；I knew that all this was due to the encouragement from my teacher, which helped me find the confidence to succeed.(运用了that引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句)。
2. 读后续写步骤如下
（1）精读文章，确定文章线索。每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索，比如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等，这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求。一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此短文续写的具体要求，如字数限制、使用几处下划线关键词语、续写段落的首句提示，这样考生能做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路。根据文章后面的要求，再次快速回读短文，抓住文章的思路，结合段首的提示语，最终确定续写段落的思路，同时结合文章划线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句。在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中划线的关键词语拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性、语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
（5）标出续写部分中使用到的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语。这一点可以帮助考生检查关键词语的使用情况并根据情况做出修改。最后在誊写文字时，务必做到"字迹工整、清晰"。
3. 在做此类试题时，读到适当的位置，可以短暂停顿，根据已读部分文章的脉络，对文章进行发散思维，设想可能的几种结尾；经常实施微型化训练，也就是对所读文章的某一段落进行设想。根据某段落的首句提示，结合文章的上文对该段进行合理设想，推断该段可能要讲述的内容。
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