构词法
近年高考越来越注重对构词法的考查。通过引导学生掌握构词法,分析词的组成,有助于学生提高词汇的分析能力,扩大词汇量。此外,利用构词法还有助于记住单词的形、义和词性,避免出现拼写的错误,提高综合能力。
近年高考真题名词考点细目表
年份 卷别 语法填空 阅读理解 改错
2023年 新高考I卷 56. Tasty(taste) 64.rarely(rare) economical adj. 经济的,实惠的; Sustainable adj.可持续的; strategic adj. 重要的,合适的,战略(性)的; available adj.可用的,可得到的; additional adj. 附加的,另外的 countless adj. 无数的;多得数不清的 .... 0
新高考II卷 56.arrival(arrive) 57. confident(confidence) 63. Basically( Basic) Occasionally adv. 偶然;偶尔;有时候 Evaluation n. 评价,评估 Emotional adj. 感情的;情感的;情绪的 Initiator n.发起人;创始人 0
全国甲卷 67.different(difference) Warning(Warn) backbreaking adj.非常辛劳的;费力的 philosopher哲学家philosophical哲学的 bl
Simplicity简单reawaken重新唤起
全国乙卷 69.Remarkable(Remark) Probably adv. 几乎肯定;很可能;大概 Uninteresting adj. 不吸引人的;无趣的;无聊的 less-than-impressive 不那么令人印象深刻的 truth改为true
2022 年 新高考I卷 eventually(eventual) honorable =honourable adj. 光荣的;可敬的;高贵的 disqualification n. 不合格;取消资格;被罚下场 disqualified 不合格的;被取消资格的 willpower n. 意志力;毅力 0
新高考II卷 asleep(sleep) accidentally (accidental ) afford v-affordable adj. private adj.-privacy n. 0
全国甲卷 protection(protect) 66.meaningful(meaning) trial-and-error试错实验 indicate v-indication n-indicator n. 表明一指示器,指标 0
浙江卷1月 roughly(rough) independence(independent) downturn n.衰退;下降 white-out conditions(暴露于恶劣天气环境而产生的)失明 off-road biking越野骑车 lifeblood n.命脉... 0
全国乙卷 responsibility (responsible) characterisation n.人物刻 re-admissionn.重新入场 A hair-raising令人毛骨悚然 mentally改为mental
2021 新高考I卷 undoubtedly (undoubted) best-rated排名最好的 up-and-coming 积极进取的 .inclusion n.纳入;包含
2021 新高考II卷 44.representative (represent) observation n. 观察;观测;监视 observatory n. 天文台;气象台 6. interpersonal adj. 人际关系的;人际的 0
2021 全国甲卷 daily(day) a small clearing一小块空地 foreground n.前景;最显著的地方 0
2021 全国乙卷 financial (finance) development(develop) functional a.运转的、功能正常的 landline n.座机 0
2021.6 浙江卷 marriage(marry) an uphill battle 一场漫长而艰难的战争 .praiseworthy a.值得称赞的 0
2021.1 浙江卷 sharply(sharp) 0
考点梳理
考点一:名词转和动词互相变换
考点二:名词和形容词互相变换
考点三:形容词和副词互相变换
考点四:阅读理解和完形填空中的考查
许多英语单词的构成都有一定的规律,这种规律被称为构词法(word formation)。掌握构词法知识对我们更好地理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有重要意义。英语中的构词法主要有派生法(Derivation)、合成法(Composition)和转换法(Conversion)三大类。
构词法一 派生法
在一个词的词根(root)前面或后面加上某个词缀(affix)来产生新词,这种构词法称为派生法(derivation)或词缀法(affixation)。加在前面的词缀叫前缀(prefix),加在后面的词缀叫后缀(suffix)。一般情况下,前缀往往改变词根的词义,不改变词根的词性;而后缀往往改变词根的词性,有些也涉及意义的变化。大部分前缀和后缀都有固定的意义,因而许多派生词的词义可以通过词根及词缀的意思推知。
1.形容词变副词的后缀
在形容词后加-ly可变成相应意义的副词
直接加-ly extreme → extremely尤其,非常 stupid → stupidly 傻地
改y为-ily happy → happily快乐地 merry → merrily 快乐地
去e加-ly true真的 → truly真地
2.形容词变名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-age short → shortage不足;短缺
-cy efficient → efficiency效率;功效 accurate → accuracy准确性
-dom free → freedom自由;自主 wise → wisdom明智;智慧
-ence different → difference差异 silent → silence沉默
-ness weak → weakness虚弱;弱点 careless → carelessness粗心大意
-th strong → strength力气;强项 wide → width宽
-y -ty -ity disable → disability无能;残疾 responsible → responsibility责任
3.动词变名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-al approve → approval赞成;批准 arrive → arrival到来
-ance appear → appearance出现;外貌 perform → performance表演;节目
-ence exist → existence存在;生存 refer → reference参考;查阅
-ion construct → construction建设 evaluate → evaluation评估
-ation consider → consideration考虑 imagine → imagination想象力
-(s)sion discuss → discussion讨论;辩论 admit → admission接纳;准许入学
-ing hear → hearing听力;听觉begin → beginning开始
-ment argue → argument辩论;论据 equip → equipment设备
-ure fail → failure失败;没做到 press → pressure压力
-ture mix → mixture混合;混合物
depart → departure离开;出发
-y recover → recovery恢复;痊愈 discover → discovery发现
其他 vary → variety多样化;种类 tend → tendency趋向;趋势
4.表示"人"的后缀
在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示"人"的后缀有:
后缀 例词
-er village → villager村民 strange → stranger陌生人
-ar lie → liar说谎者
-ee employ → employee受雇者;雇员 interview → interviewee被面试者
-or invent → inventor发明家 educate → educator教育家;教师
-ess steward → stewardess 女乘务员 host → hostess 女主人;女主持人
-ese China → Chinese中国人 Japan → Japanese日本人
-an America → American美国人 Australia → Australian澳洲人
-ian history → historian历史学家 politics → politician政治家;政客
-ist special → specialist专家 tour → tourist旅行者;观光者
-ant participate → participant参加者 assist → assistant助手;图书管理员
5.动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀
后缀 例词
-able accept → acceptable可接受的 comfort → comfortable舒适的
-al person → personal个人的;私人的 nature → natural自然的;天生的
-ful hope → hopeful有希望的 peace → peaceful和平的
-ed confuse → confused感到困惑的 bore → bored感到厌倦的
-ing surprise → surprising令人惊讶的 convince → convincing令人信服的
-ible access → accessible容易到达的;容易取得的 horror → horrible可怕的;恐怖的
-ive effect → effective有效的;生效的 instruct → instructive有教育意义的
-ous anxiety → anxious忧虑的 curiosity → curious好奇的
-some tire → tiresome令人厌倦的 trouble → troublesome麻烦的
-y taste → tasty美味的;可口的 wealth → wealthy富裕的;丰富的 dirt → dirty有灰尘的;脏的
-ern east → eastern东方的;向东的 west → western西方的;向西的
-ish fool → foolish愚蠢的;可笑的 self → selfish自私的
-ic science → scientific科学的 history → historic历史上著名的
-ary imagine → imaginary想象中的
6.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀
前缀 例词
dis- advantage → disadvantage缺点 comfort → discomfort不舒适
il- legal → illegal不合法的 logical → illogical不合逻辑的
im- patient → impatient不耐烦的 moral → immoral不道德的
in- formal → informal非正式的 convenient → inconvenient不方便的
ir- regular → irregular不规则的 responsible → irresponsible不负责任的
mis- lead → mislead误导 understand → misunderstand误解
un- willing → unwilling不愿意的 happy → unhappy不高兴的
后缀 例词
-less hope → hopeless绝望的 care → careless粗心的
7.变动词的前缀和后缀
前缀 例词
en- large → enlarge扩大 rich → enrich使充实;使丰富
后缀 例词
-en broad → broaden使变宽 hard → harden使变硬
-ify class → classify把……分类 beauty → beautify美化
-ize apology → apologize道歉 emphasis → emphasize强调
构词法二 转化法
在词形不变的情况下,把一个单词由一种词性转换成另一种词性,而没有加任何词缀,这种构词方法称为转换法。转换法种类很多,但数量最多的是由名词转化为动词和由动词转化为名词两大类。转换后的词义与转换前的词义通常有密切的联系,但有时差异也很大。
动词 → 名词 walk → take a walk散步 swim → have a swim游泳
名词 → 动词 book n. → v.预订 milk n. → v.挤奶
形容词 → 动词 slow adj. → v.减慢 narrow adj. → v.使变窄;(差距等)缩小
形容词 副词 hard adj.困难的 adv.努力地 high adj.高的 adv.高 deep adj.深的 adv.深 wide adj.宽的 adv.广阔地
构词法三 合成法
把两个或两个以上的词素放到一起,这种构词法称为合成法。合成词通常由两个或两个以上的自由词素构成不同词性,最常见的包括:名词合成词,形容词合成词,动词合成词。之间有的用连字符连接,有的直接连接在一起。
1.合成名词
构成方式 例词
名词+名词 weekend周末
名词+动词 daybreak黎明
名词+动名词 handwriting书法
名词+及物动词+er/or pain-killer止痛药
名词+介词+名词 sister-in-law嫂子
代词+名词 she-wolf母狼,he-goat
动词+名词 typewriter打字机
动名词+名词 reading-room阅览室
现在分词+名词 flying-fish飞鱼
形容词+名词 freshman大一新生
副词+动词 outlook景色,风光
介词+名词 afterbrain后脑
2.合成形容词
构成方式 例词
名词+形容词 bloodred血红的
名词+现在分词 French-speaking讲法语的
名词+to+名词 one-to-one一对一的
名词+过去分词 man-made人造的
数词+名词 one-way单行道的
数词+名词+形容词 three-year-old三岁的
数词+名词+ed ten-storeyed十层的
动词+副词 one-off 一次性的
形容词+名词 high-quality高质量的
形容词+名词+ed noble-minded高尚的
形容词+形容词 light-green浅绿色的
形容词+现在分词 ordinary-looking相貌一般的
副词+形容词 ever-green常青的
副词+现在分词 hard-working辛勤的
副词+过去分词 well-known著名的
副词+名词 fast-food提供快餐的
介词+名词 indoor室内的
3.合成动词
构成方式 例词
名词+动词 sleep-walk梦游
形容词+动词 white-wash粉刷
副词+动词 overwhelm压倒,制服
4.合成副词
构成方式 例词
形容词+名词 hotfoot匆忙地
形容词+副词 everywhere到处
副词+副词 however尽管如此
介词+名词 beforehand事先
介词+副词 forever永远
5.合成代词
构成方式 例词
代词宾格+self herself 她自己,themselves
物主代词+self myself 我自己
形容词+名词 anything 一切
语法填空词形转换常考词汇表一
A
ability [ b l t ] n. 能力;才能
able [ e b( )l] a. 能够;有能力的
absence [ bs ns] n. 不在,缺席
absent [ bs nt] a. 缺席, 不在
3. academic [ k dem k] a. / n. 学术的,教学的
academy [ k d m ] n.专科学院,(美)私立学校
4. access [ kses] n. / v. 通道,入径,存取(计算机文件)
accessible [ k ses b( )l] a. 可到达的,可接受的
5. achieve [ t i v] vt. 达到,取得
achievement [ t i vm nt] n. 成就,成绩,功绩
6. act [ kt] n. 法令,条例 v. (戏)表演,扮演(角色),演出(戏);行动,做事
action [ k ( )n] n. 行动
active [ kt v] a. 积极的,主动的
activity [ k t v t ] n. 活动
7. adapt [ d pt] v. 使适应,适合,改编
adaptation [ d p te ( )n] n. 适应,改编本
8. adjust [ d st] v.调整,调节,适应,习惯
adjustment [ d stm nt] n. 调整,适应
9. admirable [ dm r b( )l] a.值得赞赏的,可钦佩的
admire [ d ma (r)] v. 钦佩;羡慕
admission [ d m ( )n] n. 准入, 接纳
admit [ d m t] vt. 承认,准许(入场,入学,入会)
10. advertise [ dv ta z] vt. 为……做广告
advertisement [ d v t sm nt] n. 广告
11.agree [ ɡri ] v. 同意;应允
agreement [ ɡri m nt] n. 同意,一致;协定,协议
12. amaze [ me z] v. 惊奇,惊叹;震惊
amazed 感到惊讶的
amazing [ me z ] a.惊奇,惊叹的;震惊的
be amazed at 对..感到惊讶
13.amuse [ mju z] vt. (使人)快乐,逗乐
amused 感到愉快的
amusing 令人愉快的
amusement [ mju zm nt] n. 娱乐
14. analyze/ ` nl,a z / v. 分析
analysis [ n l s s] n. 分析,分析结果
15.anger [ ɡ (r)] n. 怒,愤怒
angry [ nɡr ] a. 生气的,愤怒的
16.anxiety [ za t ] n. 担忧,焦虑
anxious [ k s] a. 忧虑的,焦急的
17.apologize [ p l d a z] vi. 道歉,谢罪
apology [ p l d ] n. 道歉;歉意
18.appear [ p (r)] vi. 出现
appearance [ p r ns] n. 出现,露面;容貌
19. application [ pl ke ( )n] n. 申请
apply [ pla ]v. 申请
20. appoint [ p nt] v. 任命,委任,安排 appointment [ p ntm nt] n. 约会
appreciate [ pri e t] v. 欣赏; 感激
appreciation [ pri e ( )n] n. 欣赏,鉴定,评估
21.appropriate [ pr pr t] a. 合适的,恰当的
approximately [ pr ks m tl ] ad.近似,大约
22.argue [ ɑ ɡju ]vi. 争辩, 争论
argument [ ɑ ɡj m nt] n. 争论,辩论
23.arrange [ re nd ] v. 安排,布置
arrangement [ re nd m nt]n. 安排,布置
24.arrival [ ra v( )l] n. 到来,到达
arrive [ ra v] vi. 到达; - at 小地方,- in大地方
25.assess [ ses] v.评价,评定(性质,质量)
assessment [ sesm nt] n. 看法,评价
26.assist [ s st]v. 帮助,协助
assistance [ s st( )ns] n. 帮助,援助,支持
assistant [ s st( )nt] n. 助手,助理
27.associate [ s e t] v. 联想,联系
association [ s s e ( )n] n. 协会,社团,联系
28.assume [ sju m; (US) su m] v. 假定,假设
assumption [ s mp ( )n] n. 假定,假设
29.attract [ tr kt] v. 吸引,引起
attraction [ tr k ( )n] n. 吸引,爱慕
attractive [ tr kt v] a. 迷人的,有吸引力的
B
1. bad (worse, worst) [b d] a. 坏的;有害的,严重的
badly [ b dl ] ad. 坏,恶劣地
2.bath [bɑ θ; (US) b θ] n. 洗澡;浴室;澡盆
bathe [be ] vi. 洗澡;游泳
3.beautiful [ bju t f( )l] a. 美,美丽,美观的
beauty [ bju t ] n. 美丽,美人
4. behave [b he v] v. 守规矩,行为
behaviour/ b `he vj r / n. 行为,举止
5. beneficial [ben f ( )l] a. 有利的,有帮助的,有用的
benefit [ ben f t] n. / v.优势,益处,使…受益
6. bored / b rd / a.(对人,事)厌倦的,烦闷的
boring / `b r / a. 乏味的,无聊的
7.brave [bre v] a. 勇敢的
bravery [ bre v r ] n. 勇气
8.breath [breθ] n. 气息;呼吸
breathe [bri ] vi. 呼吸
breathless [ breθl s] a. 气喘吁吁的,上气不接下气的
9. build (built, built) [b ld] v. 建筑;造
building [ b ld ] n. 建筑物;房屋;大楼
C
1.care [ke (r)] n. 照料,保护;小心v. 介意……,在乎
careful [ ke f l] a. 小心,仔细,谨慎的
careless [ ke l s] a. 粗心的,漫不经心的
2. caution [ k ( )n] n. 谨慎,小心,警告
cautious [ k s] a. 小心的,谨慎的
3.celebrate [ sel bre t] v. 庆祝
celebration [sel bre ( )n] n. 庆祝;庆祝会
4.entre 中心 central 中心的
5. certain [ s t( )n] a.确定的,无疑的;一定会……
certainly [ s t nl ] ad. 当然;一定,无疑
6. challenge [ t l nd ] n.挑战(性)
challenging [ t l nd ] a.具有挑战性的
7.changeable [ t e nd b( )l] a.易变的,变化无常的
change [t e nd ] n. 零钱;找头v. 改变,变化;更换;
8.cheer [t (r)] n. & vi.欢呼; 喝彩
Cheer up [t (r)- p] 振作起来!提起精神!
cheerful [ t f l] a.兴高采烈的,快活的
cheers [t (r)] int. 干杯,(口)谢谢,再见
9.chemical [ kem k( )l] a. 化学的 n. 化学品
chemist [ kem st] n. 药剂师;化学家
chemistry [ kem str ] n. 化学
10.child (复children) [t a ld] n. 孩子,儿童
childhood [ t a ldh d] n. 幼年时代,童年
11.civil [ s v( )l] a. 国内的;平民(非军人)的;民用的
civilian [s v l n] n. 平民,老百姓
civilization [s v la ze ( )n; n. 文明
12.clean [kli n] vt. 弄干净,擦干净 a. 清洁的,干净的
cleaner [kli n (r)] n.清洁工.,清洁器.,清洁剂
13.clear [kl (r)] a. 清晰;明亮的;清楚的
clearly [ kl l ] ad. 清楚地,无疑地
14.cloud [ kl ] n. 云;云状物;阴影
cloudy [ kla d ] a. 多云的,阴天的
fort [ k mf t] n. 安慰; 慰问
comfortable [ k mf t b( )l; (US) k mf rt bl] a. 舒服的;安逸的;舒服自在的
mit [k m t] v.犯(罪,错),自杀
commitment [k m tm nt] n. 承诺,允诺,承担
municate [k mju n ke t] v. 交际;传达(感情,信息等)
communication [k mju n ke ( )n] n.交际,通讯
pete [k m pi t] vi. 比赛,竞赛
competence [ k mp t ns] n.能力,胜任,管辖权
competition [k mp t ( )n] n. 比赛,竞赛
competitor [k m pet t (r)] n. 竞赛者,比赛者
19.conclude [k n klu d] v. 完成,结束
conclusion [k n klu ( )n] n. 结论;结束
20.consider [k n s d (r)] vt. 考虑
considerate [k n s d r t] a. 体贴的
consideration [k ns d re ( )n] n. 考虑;关心
21.convenience n. convenient adj. 方便的
22.construct [k n str kt] v. 构筑;建造,建设
construction [k n str k ( )n] n.建造,建设,建筑物
D
1.danger [ de nd (r)] n. 危险
dangerous [ de nd r s] a. 危险的
2.dark [dɑ k] n. 黑暗;暗处;日暮 a. 黑暗的;深色的
darkness [ dɑ kn s] n. 黑暗,阴暗
3.die [da ] v. 死 dead 死的,无生命的
death [deθ] n. 死
4.decide [d sa d] v. 决定;下决心
decision [d s ( )n] n. 决定;决心
5.deep [di p] a. 深 ad. 深;深厚
deeply [ di pl ] ad. 深深地
depth [depθ] n. 深,深度
66.delight [d la t] n. 快乐;乐事
delighted [di'laitid] a. 高兴的,快乐的
7.develop [d vel p] v. (使)发展;(使)发达;(使)发育;开发 vt. 冲洗(照片)
development [d vel pm nt] n. 发展,发达,发育,
8.devote [d v t] vt. 把…奉献, 把…专用(于)
devotion [d v ( )n] n. 奉献,奉献精神
9.differ [ d f (r)] v. 相异,有区别
difference [ d fr ns] n. 不同
different [ d fr nt] a. 不同的,有差异的
10.difficult [ d f k lt] a.难;艰难;不易相处
difficulty [ d f k lt ] n. 困难,费力
11.disagree [d s ɡri ] vi. 意见不一致,持不同意见
disagreement [d s ɡri m nt] n. 意见不一致;争论
12.disappoint [d s p nt]vt. 使失望
be disappointed at 感到失望的
disappointing令人失望的
disappointment [d s p ntm nt] n. 失望;沮丧
13.discover [d sk v (r)] vt. 发现
discovery [d sk v r ] n. 发现
14.discuss [d s k s] vt. 讨论,议论
discussion [d s k ( )n] n. 讨论,辩论
15.distance [ d st ns] n. 距离
distant [ d st( )nt] a. 远的,遥远的
E
1.easy [ i z ] a. 容易的,不费力的
easily [ i z l ] ad. 容易地
2.east [i st]a. 东方;东部的;朝东的; ad. 在东方;
eastern [ i st( )n] a. 东方的;东部的
3.educate [ edj ke t] vt. 教育,培养
educator ['edju:keit (r)] n. 教育家
education [edj ke ( )n] n. 教育,培养
4.engine [ end n] n. 发动机,引擎
engineer [end n (r)] n. 工程师;技师
5.enjoy [ n d ] vt.欣赏;享受乐趣;喜欢
enjoyable [ n d b( )l]a. 愉快的;有趣的
6.equal [ i kw( )l] a.平等的 vt.等于,使等于
equality [i kw l t ] n. 平等
82.equip [ kw p] vt. 提供设备;装备;配备
equipment [ kw pm nt] n. 装备,设备
7.exact [ ɡ z kt] a. 精确的;确切的
exactly [ex'act·ly] ad. 精确地;确切地
8.exist [ g'z st] vi. 存在
existence [ ɡ z st( )ns] n.存在;生存;存在物
9.explain [ ks ple n] vt. 解释,说明
explanation [ekspl ne ( )n] n. 解释,说明
10.express [ k spres] vt. 表达;表情 n. 快车,特快专递
expression [ k spre ( )n]n. 表达;词句;表情
11.extreme [ k stri m] a. 极其的,非常的
extremely [ k stri ml ] ad. 极其,非常
F
1.fail [fe l] v. 失败;不及格;衰退
failure [ fe lj (r)] n. 失败
2.fair [fe (r)] a. 公平的,合理的 a. (肤色)白皙的; (人)白肤金发的 n. 集市;庙会;展览会
fairly [ fe l ] ad. 公正地,正当地;相当(程度)地
fairness ['f nis] n. 公平;公正
3.firm [f m] n.公司;企业 a.坚固的,坚定的
firmly [ f ml ] ad. 牢牢地
4.fluency ['flu nsi] n.(外语)流利,流畅
fluent [ flu nt] a. (外语)流利的,流畅
5.fool [fu l] n. 傻子,蠢人
foolish [ fu l ] a. 愚蠢的,傻的
6.foreign [ f r n; (US) f r n] a. 外国的
foreigner [ f r n (r)] n. 外国人
7.forget [f rev (r)] (forgot, forgotten) v. 忘记;忘掉
forgetful [f ɡetf l] a. 健忘的,不留心的
8.fortunate [ f t n t] a. 幸运的; 侥幸的
fortune [ f tju n, f t u n] n. 财产;运气
9.free [fri ] a. 自由,空闲的;免费的
freedom [ fri d m] n. 自由
10.friend [frend] n. 朋友
friendly [ frendl ] a. 友好的
friendship [ frend p] n. 友谊,友情
G
1.gift [ɡ ft] n. 赠品;礼物
gifted [ ɡ ft d] a. 有天赋的;有才华的
2.grow (grew, grown) [ɡr ] v. 生长;发育;种植;变成
growth [ɡr θ] n. 生长,增长
3. guidance [ ɡa d ns] n. 引导,指导
guide [ɡa d] n. 向导,导游者
H
1. happy [ h p ] a.幸福;快乐的,高兴的
happily ['h p l ] ad. 幸福地,快乐地
happiness [ h p n s] n. 幸福,愉快
2. hard [hɑ d] ad. 努力地;使劲;猛烈地 a.硬的;困难的;艰难的
hardly [ hɑ dl ] ad. 几乎不
hardship [ hɑ d p] n. 困难
3. harm [hɑ m] n.&v. 伤害;损伤
harmful [ hɑ mf l] a.有害的;致伤的
harmless [ hɑ ml s] a. 无害的;不致伤的
4. health [helθ] n. 健康,卫生
healthy [ helθ ] a. 健康的,健壮的
5.heavy [ hev ] a. 重的
heavily [ hev l ] ad. 重地,大量地
6.help [help] n. & vt. 帮助,帮忙
helpful [ helpf l] a. 有帮助的,有益的
7.hope [h p] n.& v. 希望
hopeful [ h pf l] a. 有希望的;有前途的
hopeless a.没有希望,不可救药的
8.humorous [ hju m r s] a. 富于幽默的
humour (美humor) ['hju:m ] n.幽默,幽默感
9. hunger [ h ɡ (r)] n. 饥饿
hungry [ h ɡr ] a. (饥)饿的
I
1. ill [ l] a. 有病的;不健康的
illness [ ln s] n. 疾病
1. importance [ m p t( )ns] n. 重要性
important [ m p t nt] a. 重要的
3. imagine vt. 想象 imaginary adj. 想象的
imagination n. 想象
4. impossible [ m p s b( )l] a. 不可能的
possible 可能的
5. impress [ m pres] vt. 留下极深的印象
impression [ m pre ( )n] n. 印象,感觉
6. improve 改善,提高 improvement
7.independent 独立的 independence
8. instruct [ n str kt] vt. 通知;指示;教
instruction [ n str k ( )n] n. 说明,须知;教导
9. interest [ ntr st] n. 兴趣,趣味;利息
interesting [ ntr t ] a. 有趣的
interested 感兴趣的
10. intelligence 智力,intelligent 聪明的
11. introduce [ ntr dju s; (US) -du s] vt. 介绍
introduction [ ntr d k ( )n] n. 引进,介绍
12. invent [ n vent] vt. 发明,创造
invention [ n ven ( )n] n. 发明,创造
13. invitation [ nv te ( )n] n. 邀请,请帖
invite [ n va t] vt. 邀请,招待
J
1. judge [d d ] n. 裁判;审判员;法官vt. 判断,断定
judgement ['d d m nt] n. 裁判
2. juice [d u s] n. 汁、液
juicy [d u s ] a. 多汁的;水分多的
K
1. kind [ka nd] n. 种;类 a. 善良,友好的
kindness [ ka ndn s] n. 仁慈;善良
L
1. last [lɑ st; (US) l st] a.最近刚过去;最后的ad.最近刚过去;最后地 n.最后v.持续
late [le t] a.晚的,迟的ad.晚地,迟地
lately [ le tl ] ad. 最近,不久前
later [ le t (r)] a. 晚些的,迟些的
latest [ le t st] a.最近,最新的;最晚的
latter [ l t (r)] n.(两者之中的)后者
2.lazy 懒惰的 lazily 懒惰地 laziness n. 懒惰
3. laugh [lɑ f] n.& v. 笑,大笑;嘲笑
laughter [ lɑ ft (r); (US) l ft r] n. 笑; 笑声
4. learn (learnt, learnt;--ed --ed) [l n] vt. 学,学习,学会
learned [ l n d] a. 有才华的;博学的
5. live [l v] vi. 生活;居住;活着 a. 活的,活着的;实况,现场(直播)的
lively [ la vl ] a. 活泼的;充满生气的
living [ l v ] a. 活着的 n. 生计
6. legal 合法的 illegal 违法的
7. loud [la d] a. 大声的
loudly [la dl ] ad. 大声地
8. love [l v] n.& vt. 爱;热爱;很喜欢
lovely [ l vl ] a. 美好的,可爱的
9. luck [l k] n. 运气,好运
lucky [ l k ] a. 运气好,侥幸
M
1. marriage [ m r d ] n. 结婚,婚姻
married [ m r d] a. 已婚的
marry [ m r ] v.(使)成婚,结婚
2. memory [ mem r ] n. 回忆,记忆
memorize [ mem ra z] v. 记忆
3.mental [ ment( )l] a. 精神的;脑力的
mentally [ ment l ] ad. 精神上;智力上
4.merciful [ m s f l] a. 仁慈的;宽大的
mercy [ m s ] n. 怜悯
5.mess [mes] n. 凌乱
messy [ mes ] a. 乱七八糟的
6. mistake (mistook, mistaken) [m s te k] n. 错误 vt. 弄错
mistaken [m s te k n] a. 错误的
7. mix [m ks] v. 混合,搅拌
mixture [ m kst (r)] n. 混合物
8. move [mu v] v. 移动,搬动,搬家
movement [ mu vm nt] n. 运动,活动
9. modern 现代的 modernize vt.使现代化
modernization 现代化
N
1. nature [ ne t (r)] n. 自然, 性质,种类
natural [ n t r( )l] a. 自然的
2. nation 国家 national 国家的
nationality 国籍
3. near [n (r)] a. 近的 ad. 附近,邻近 prep. 在……附近,靠近
nearby [ n ba ] a. 附近的
nearly [ n l ] ad. 将近,几乎
4. necessary 必需的 necessarily 必需地
necessity n. 必需品
5. nine [na n] num. 九
ninth [na nθ] num. 第九
6. noise [n z] n. 声音,噪声,喧闹声
noisily ['n z l ] ad. 喧闹地
noisy [ n z ] a. 喧闹的,嘈杂的
7. normal [ n m( )l] n.& a. 正常的(状态)
abnormal 反常的 normally adv.正常地
8. north [n θ] a.北的;朝北的;从北来的 ad.向(在,从)北方 n.北;北方;北部
northern [ n ( )n] a. 北方的,北部的
northwards [ n θw dz] ad. 向北
9. novel [ n v( )l] n. (长篇)小说
novelist [ n v l st] n. 小说家
10. nurse [n s] n. 护士;保育员
nursery [ n s r ] n. 托儿所
nursing [n s ] n.(职业性的)保育,护理
O
1. operate[ p re t] v. 做手术,运转;实施,负责, 经营,管理
operation [ p re ( )n] n. 手术,操作
operator [ p re t (r)] n. 接线员
2. oppose [ p z] vt. 反对;反抗
opposite [ p z t] n. 相反,对面 a. 相反的,对面的
3. organize [' :g naiz] vt. 组织
organiser (organizer) [' :g naiz ] n. 组织者
organization [ ɡ na ze ( )n]n. 组织,机构
P
1. pain [pe n] n. 疼痛,疼
painful [ pe nf l] a. 使痛的,使痛苦的
paint [pe nt] n.油漆 vt.油漆,粉刷,绘画
painter [ pe nt (r)] n. 绘画者,(油)画家
painting [ pe nt ] n. 油画,水彩画
2. part [pɑ t] n. 部分;成分
partly [ pɑ tl ] ad.部分地,在一定程度上
3. patience n. 容忍;耐心
patient [ pe ( )nt] n. 病人,耐心的
4. peace [pi s] n. 和平
peaceful [ pi sf l] a. 和平的,安宁的
5. perform [p f m] v. 表演,履行;行动
performance [p f m] n. 演出,表演
performer [p f m (r)] n. 表演者,执行者
6. person [ p s( )n] n. 人
personal [ p s n( )l] a. 个人的,私人的
personnel [p s nel] n. 全体人员,职员
personally [ p s n l ] ad. 就自己而言
7.physical [ f z k( )l] a. 身体的;物理的
physician [f z ( )n] n.(有行医执照的)医生
8. physicist [ f z s st] n. 物理学家
physics [ f z ks] n. 物理(学)
9. pleasant [ plez nt] a. 令人愉快的,舒适的
please [pli z] v. 请,使人高兴,使人满意
pleased [pli zd] a. 高兴的
pleasure [pli zd] n. 高兴,愉快
10. poem [ p m] n. 诗
poet [ p t] n. 诗人
11. poison [ p z( )n] n. 毒药
poisonous [ p z n s] a. 有毒的,致命的
12. pollute [p lu t] vt. 污染
pollution [p lu ( )n] n. 污染
13. possess [p z ( )n] vt. 占有;拥有
possession [p ze ( )n] n. 所有,拥有;财产,所有物
14. possibility [p s b l t ] vn. 可能,可能性
possible [ p s b( )l] a. 可能的
15. power [ pa d (r)] n. 力,动力,电力
powerful [ pa f l] a. 效力大的,强有力的,强大的
16. practical [ pr kt k( )l] a. 实际的,适用的
practice(s)e [ pr kt s] n. 练习
17. prefer [pr f (r)] vt.宁愿(选择),更喜欢
preference [ pref r ns] n. 选择,趋向
18. preparation [prep re ( )n] n. 准备
prepare [pr pe (r)] vt. 准备,预备,调制,配制
19.press [ prez d nt] vt.压,按 n.新闻界,出版社
pressure [ pre (r)] n. 压迫,压力,压强
20. probable [ pr b b( )l] a.很可能,很有希望的
probably [ pr b b( )l ] ad. 很可能,大概
21. produce [pr dju s; (US) - du s] vt. 生产;制造
product [ pr d kt] n. 产品,制品
production [pr d k ( )n] n. 生产;制造
22. pronounce [pr na ns] vt. 发音
pronunciation [pr n ns e ( )n] n. 发音
23. proper [ pr p (r)] a. 恰当的,合适的
properly [ pr p l ] ad. 适当地
24. protect [pr tekt] vt. 保护
protection [pr tek ( )n] n. 保护
25. proud [pra d] a. 自豪的;骄傲的
pride [pra d] n. 自豪,骄傲
26. puzzle [ p z( )l] n. 难题,(字、画)谜
puzzled [ p z( )l] a. 迷惑的,困惑的
R
1. rain [re n] n. 雨,雨水 vi. 下雨
rainy [ re n ] a. 下雨的;多雨的
2. real [ri l] a. 真实的,确实的
reality [r l t ] n. 现实
realise (美realize) [ r la z] vt.认识到,实现
really v [ r l ] ad. 真正地;到底;确实
3. reason [ ri z( )n] vi.评理,劝说n.理由,原因
reasonable [ ri z n b( )l] a. 合乎情理的
4. refusal [r fju z( )l] n. 拒绝
refuse [r fju z] vi. 拒绝,不愿
5. relate [r le t] vi. 有关; 涉及
relation [r le ( )n] n. 关系; 亲属
relationship [r le n p] n. 关系
relative [ rel t v] n. 亲属,亲戚
6. rely [r la ] v. 依赖,依靠
reliable [r la b( )l] a. 可信赖的,可依靠的
7. religion [r l d n] n. 宗教
religious [r l d s] a. 宗教的
8. require [r kwa (r)] vt. 需求;要求
requirement [r kwa m nt] n. 需要; 要求; 必要的条件
9. reservation [rez ve ( )n] n. 预定
reserve [r z v] n. & v. 储备;预定
S
1.sad [s d] a. (使人)悲伤的
sadness [ s dn s] n. 悲哀,忧伤
2. safe [se f] a. 安全的 n. 保险柜
safety [ se ft ] n. 安全,保险
3. sail [se l] n. 航行 v. 航行,开航
sailing [ se l ] n. 航海
sailor [ se l (r)] n. 水手,海员
4. salt [s lt, s lt] n. 盐
salty [ s lt , s lt ] a. 盐的,咸的,含盐的
5. scene [s n] n. (戏剧、电影等的)一场,场景,布景
scenery [ si n r ] n. 风景,景色,风光
6.science [ sa ns] n. 科学,自然科学
scientific [sa n t f k] a. 科学的
scientist [ sa nt st] n. 科学家
7. secure [s kj (r)] a.安心的,有把握的,牢靠的
security [s kj r t ] n. 安全,平安
8. serve [s v] vt. 招待(顾客等),服务
service [ s v s] n. 服务
9. settle [ set( )l] vi. 安家,定居
settlement [ set lm nt] n. 新拓居地;(美)部落,村落
settler [ setl (r)] n. 移居者,开拓者
10.sick [s k] a.有病,患病的,(想)呕吐
sickness [ s kn s] n. 疾病
11. silence[ sa l ns] n. 安静,沉默
silent sa l nt] a. 无声的,无对话的
12. simple[ s mp( )l] a. 简单的,简易的
simplify[ s mpl fa ] v. 使简化,使简易
simply [ s mpl ] ad.简单地,(加强语气)的确
13. skill [ski ] n. 技能,技巧
skilled [ski ] a. 熟练的;有技能的
skillful [ sk lf( )l]a. 熟练,精湛的,灵巧的
skillfully ['skilfuli] ad. 精湛地,巧妙地
14. sleep [sli p]n. 睡觉
sleep (slept, slept) [sli p] vi. 睡觉
sleepy [sli p]a. 想睡的,困倦的,瞌睡的
15.smell (smelt, smelt 或-ed,-ed) [smel] v. 嗅,闻到;发气味 n. 气味
smelly [ smel ] a. 有臭味的,发出臭味的
16.smoke [sma l] n. 烟 v. 冒烟;吸烟
smoker [ sm k (r)] n. 吸烟者
smoking [ sm k ]n. 吸烟,抽烟;冒烟
17.snow [sn ] n. 雪 vi.下雪
snowy [ sn ] a. 雪(白)的;下雪的;多(积)雪的
18.social [ s ( )l]a. 社会的;社交的
socialism [ s l z( )m] n. 社会主义
socialist [ s l st] a. 社会主义的
society [s sa t ]n. 社会
19.spirit [ sp r t]n. 精神
spiritual [ sp r t l]a. 精神的; 心灵的
20. strength [stre θ] n. 力量,力气
strengthen [ stre θ( )n] vt. 加强,增强
strong [str ; (US) str ɡ] a. 强(壮)的;坚固的;强烈的;坚强的
21. succeed [s k si d] vi. 成功
success [s k ses] n. 成功
successful [s k sesf l] a. 成功的,有成就的
22. suffer [ s f (r)] vi. 受苦,遭受
suffering [ s f r ] n. 痛苦,苦难
23. suggest [s d est; (US) s ɡ d est] vt. 建议,提议
suggestion [s d est ( )n] n. 建议
24. sun [s n] n. 太阳,阳光
sunny [ s n ] a. 晴朗的;阳光充足的
25. surround [s ra nd]vt. 围绕;包围
surrounding [s ra nd ] a. 周围的
26. survival [s va v( )l] n. 存活,幸存
survive [s va v] v.生存,存活,幸免于难
T
1. technical [ tekn k( )l] a. 技术的,工艺的
technique [ tekn k( )l] n. 技术;技巧,方法
technology [tek n l d ] n. 技术
2. thank [θ k] vt. 感谢,致谢,道谢 n. (复)感谢,谢意
thankful [ θ kf l] a. 感谢的,感激的
3. theoretical [θ ret k( )l] a. 理论的
theory [θ ret k( )l] n. 理论
4. thirst [θ d] n. 渴; 口渴
thirsty [ θ st ] a. 渴
5. tire [ ta (r)] vi. 使疲劳
tired [ ta d] a. 疲劳的,累的
tiresome a. 令人厌倦的
6. total [ t t( )l] a. 总数的;总括的;完全的,全然的 n.合计,总计 v.合计为
totally [ t t( )l ] ad. 总合地,完全地
7. tour [t (r)] n. 参观, 观光, 旅行
tourism [ t r z( )m] n. 旅游业;观光
tourist [ t r st] vn. 旅行者,观光者
8. tradition [tr d ( )n] n. 传统,风俗
traditional [tr d ( )n] a. 传统的,风俗的
9. train [tre n] n. 火车 v. 培训,训练
trainer [tre n (r)] n. 训练人;教练
training [ tre n ] n. 培训
10. translate [tr ns le t] vt. 翻译
translation [tr ns le ( )n] n. 翻译;译文
translator [tr ns'leit ] n. 翻译家,译者
11. travel [ tr v( )l] n.& vi.旅行
traveler [ tr v l (r)] n. 旅行者
12. treat [tri t] vt. 对待,看待
treatment [ tri tm nt] n. 治疗,疗法
13. trouble [ tr b( )l] vt. 使苦恼,使忧虑,使麻烦 n.问题,疾病,烦恼,麻烦
troublesome [ tr b( )ls m] a.令人烦恼, 讨厌
14. true [tru ] a. 真的,真实的;忠诚的
truly [ tru l ] ad. 真正地,真实地
truth [tru θ] n. 真理,事实,真相,实际
15. type [ ta p] vt. 打字
typist [ ta p st] n. 打字员
U-V
1.unfortunate [ n f ld] a. 不幸的
unfortunately [ n f tj n tl ] ad. 不幸地
2. use [ju z] n.& vt.利用,使用,应用
useful [ ju sf l] a. 有用的,有益的
useless [ ju sl s] a. 无用的
user [ ju z ] n. 使用者;用户
3. usual [ ju l] a. 通常的,平常的
usually [ ju l ] ad. 通常,经常
4. valuable [ v lj b( )l] a. 值钱的,贵重的
value [ v lju ] n. 价值,益处
V-W
1.variety [v ra t ] n. 种种,种类
various [ ve r s] a. 各种各样的,不同的
2. violence [ va l ns] n. 暴力行为
violent [ va l nt] a. 暴力的
3. violin [va l n] n. 小提琴
violinist [va l n st] n. 提琴家,提琴手
4. visit [ vi z ] n.& vt. 参观,访问,拜访
visitor [ v z t (r)] n. 访问者,参观者
5. wait [we t] vi. 等,等候
waiter [ we t (r)] n. (餐厅)男服务员
waitress [tres] n. 女服务员
6. warm [w m] a. 暖和的,温暖的;热情的
warmth [w mθ] n. 暖和,温暖
7. weak [wi k] a. 差的,弱的,淡的
weakness [ wi kn s] n. 软弱
8. wealth [welθ] n. 财产,财富
wealthy [ welθ ] a. 富的
9. week [wi k] n. 星期,周
weekday [ wi kde ] n. 平日
weekend [wi k end, wi kend] n. 周末
weekly [ wi kl ] a. 每周的
10. weigh [we ] vt. 称…的重量,重(若干)
weight [we t] n. 重,重量
11. wind [w nd] n. 风
windy [ w nd ] a. 有风的,多风的
12. wisdom [ w zd m] n. 智慧
wise [wa z] a. 聪明,英明的,有见识的
13. wonder [ w nd (r)] v. 对…疑惑,感到惊奇,想知道 n. 惊讶,惊叹;奇迹
wonderful [ w nd f l] a. 美妙的,精彩的;了不起的;太好了
14. wood [ w nd f l] n.木头,木材,(复)树木,森林
wooden [ w d( )n] a. 木制的
15. woo [w l] l n. 羊毛,羊绒
woollen ['wulin] a. 羊毛的,羊毛制的
16. work [w k] n. 工作,劳动,事情 vi. 工作;(机器、器官等)运转,活动
workday ['w :kdei] n. 工作日
worker [ w k (r)] n. 工人;工作者
workforce ['w :kf :s] n. 劳动力
workmate ['w :kf :s] n. 同事;工友
workplace [w kple s] n.工作场所,车间
works [w ks] n. 著作,作品
17. worried ['w r d /'w -] a. 担心的,烦恼的
worry [ w r ] n.& v.烦恼,担忧,发怒,困扰
18. worth [w θ] a. 有…的价值,值得…的
worthless [ w θl s] a.没有价值,没有用的
worthwhile [w θ wa l] a. 值得做的
worthy [w θ wa l] a. 值得的
语法填空常考词汇表二
1. -able是形容词后缀, 表示“能……的, 可……的; 具有……”
movable 可移动的
believable 可相信的
enjoyable 令人愉快的
changeable 易变的
favourable adj. 赞同的
respectable adj. 可敬的
adaptable adj. 可适应的
deniable adj. 可否认的
reasonable adj. 合理的
2.表示程度 -ly的副词
entirely adv. 完全地, 全部地
completely adv. 完全地, 十分地.
extremely adv. 非常, 极其
totally adv. 完全
perfectly完美地
3. -ship表示状态; 性质; 品质; 地位; 职位
scholarship 奖学金 friendship 友谊
leadership 领导地位 relationship 关系
hardship 苦难 membership 成员资格
professorship 教授职位 membership 全体成员
ownership 所有权
4. -ing/-ed”结尾的形容词聚焦
shocking令人震惊的 shocked感到震惊的
frightening令人恐惧的 frightened受惊的
terrifying令人害怕的 terrified感到害怕的
disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的
surprising令人吃惊的 surprised感到吃惊的
5. 后缀-al加在动词或名词后面构成形容词或名词, 表示“事物的动作, 过程”
original 原来的, 起初
traditional 传统的
personal 个人的
occasional 偶尔; 有时候
emotional 情感的
nutritional adj. 营养(物)的
refusal n. 拒绝, 回绝; 谢绝
arrival n. 到来; 到达; 到达者
survival n. 幸存(者); 继续生存
approval n. 赞成, 赞同, 赞许; 批准
practical 实践的
essential 不可或缺的
mental 精神的
vital 重要的
electrical 与电有关的
physical 身体的
6. 后缀-ing在动词后构成形容词, “令人……的”
frightening 吓人的; 可怕的
exciting 令人兴奋的; 令人激动的
encouraging 令人鼓舞的
moving 令人感动的
astonishing 令人震惊的
7. 形容词变为名词将词尾的-t变成-ce的单词
dependent adj. 依靠的→dependence n. 依靠
existent adj. 存在的→existence n. 存在
important adj. 重要的→importance n. 重要性
patient adj. 有耐心的→patience n. 耐心
convenient adj. 方便的→convenience n. 方便
independent adj. 独立的→independence
absent adj. 缺席的, 缺少的→absence
significant adj. 重大的; 有意义的→significance
brilliant adj.灿烂的; 杰出的→brilliance
8. 动词+ing→形容词
embarrass vt.→embarrassing adj. 让人难堪的
disappoint vt.→disappointing adj. 令人失望的
excite vt.→exciting adj. 令人兴奋的
interest vt.→interesting adj. 有趣的
frighten v.→frightening adj. 令人恐惧的
warn vt →warning adj. 警告的; 告诫的
move vt→moving adj. 令人感动的
touch vt→touching adj. 动人的; 令人感伤的
dare vt→daring adj. 勇敢的; 大胆的; 蛮横的
interest vt→interesting adj. 有趣味的
surprise vt→surprising adj. 惊人的; 奇异的; 意外的
9.后缀-ion, -sion, -tion加在动词后面, 表示“行为的过程, 结果, 状况”
indication n. 表明
hesitation n. 犹豫
graduation n. 毕业
translation n. 翻译
accommodation n. 住宿
prohibition n. 禁止; 阻止; 禁令
action n. 行动, 作用
conclusion n. 结论; 推论; 最后的决定
construction n. 建设; 建筑
expression n. 表达; 词句; 表情
position 位置
action 行动; 行为
invention 发明
collection 收藏; 收藏品
instruction 指示; 说明
-sion 名词后缀
extension 延长, 扩展
profession 职业
decision 决定
conclusion 结论
expansion 扩张
10. 后缀-ment加在动词后面构成名词, 表示“行为、状态、过程、手段及其结果”
commitment n. 承诺; 交托
treatment n. 对待; 治疗
movement n. 运动; 移动
judgment n. 审判; 判决
punishment n. 罚, 处罚; 刑罚
11. 以-ness结尾的名词
ill→illness 疾病
kind→kindness 仁慈; 好意
soft→ softness 柔软
dark→ darkness 黑暗
happy→happiness 幸福; 快乐
12. 以“-ify”结尾的动词荟萃
简化 simplify
美化 beautify
净化 purify
鉴定; 识别出 identify
分类 classify
使恐惧 horrify
13. 以-ial结尾的形容词
influential有影响力的
artificial人工的
official官方的
beneficial有益的
social社会的
essential至关重要的
facial面部的
potential潜在的
special特殊的
racial种族的
14. 后缀-ern构成的方位形容词
eastern 东方的; 东部的; 来自东方的
western 西方的; 西部的; 来自西方的
southern 南方的; 南部的; 来自南方的
northern 北方的; 北部的; 来自北方的
northwestern 西北方的; 来自西北的
southeastern 东南方的; 来自东南的
15. un-常用于形容词前构成反义词
un+believable→unbelievable 难以置信的
un+happy→unhappy 不幸福的
un+kind→unkind 不友善的
un+fit→unfit 不健康的
un+comfortable→uncomfortable 不舒适的
16. “n. +后缀-y”构成形容词
foggy 有浓雾的
healthy 健康的
noisy 嘈杂的
tasty 美味的
smelly 有味的
好题冲关
1.The ____ (fly) was cancelled as a result of the terrible weather.
2.His ____ (careless) resulted in his failure in the math contest.
3.And day after day, the once beautiful river has turned into a _________(smell) dustbin.
4.Since then, there has been no _________(office) communication with the kidnappers(绑架者).
5.It was ________(extreme) difficult to build such a wall in the ancient days without any modern machine.
6.Your ideas are very interesting, but we need ________(practice) suggestions to get us out of trouble.
7.Men and women have to sit in separate areas-----the men with the bridegroom, and the women with the bride, at wedding_________(receive).
8.A ________(retire) engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years.
9.He found he could no longer deal with his _______ (demand) job.
10.I must make an _____(apologize) to him for not going to his party.
11.Some media _________ the conflict was under control, but there has still been no official _________ . (confirm)
12._________, I thought I could adapt to the climate there.(initial)
13.Even if you _________ once again,it doesn't suggest that you are a _________. (fail)
14.Kara's phone has been ringing _____. We are really bored with the _____. (frequent)
15.Due to a small fire, the office will be closed _____, but it will be open very soon. (temporary)
16.When food had been _____ to the villagers, they complained that its _____ was not fair. (distribute)
17.Seeing the cat killed in the _____, the little girl trembled _____. (violent)
18.The great _________ united the small states into a powerful _________. (empire)
19.Her face was covered with _________, which made it look rather _________ than usual. (dirty)
20.Though with _________ feet, the girl _________ felt a bit cold. (bare)
21.The pretty girl looked _________, and no one could match with her _________. (elegant)
22.He _________ the skills required for the job, so we didn't admit him into our group due to _________ of interest. (lack)
23.My daughter _________ described what she had heard and seen in the wildlife zoo. (vivid)
24.My boss _____ me to work overtime every day, and I had an _____ to hit him. (urge)
25.They are discussing how to build up a (power) government.
26.But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's _____(wonder).
27.__________(compare) with letters, e-mails are more convenient in communication nowadays.
28.Children are allowed much more __________(free) these days.
29.They fought a long battle against prejudice and __________(ignorant).
30.South Africa has submitted an __________(apply) to host the World Cup.
31.He took a very __________(science) approach to management.
32.We moved into a cabin with _________(electric) hut no running water.
33.He remained the most popular _________(politic) in Arkansas.
34.The buildings have been designed to blend in with their _________(surround).
35.The author's __________(intend) is to keep everyone guessing until the bitter end.
36.His only chance of __________(survive)was a heart transplant.
37.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of _________(entertain).
38.Join us to taste a _________(various) of fresh local food and drinks.
39.Since most students are in need of a nap, proper ________(arrange) should be made so that students can have a good rest after a whole morning's hard work.
40.They believe the civilisation of a city can be judged by people's ________(aware) of animal protection.
41.While I have only listed two of each, there are ________(obvious) many other situations that can arise.
42.The people in the hall seemed very nosy, keeping their eyes on me with _________(curious).
43.There are energy savings to be made from all __________(recycle) materials, sometimes
huge savings.
44.Operators said the dark spot is about two times the ________(long) of the United States.
45.If she had been aware that the mushrooms were __________(poison), she would not have picked them for dinner.
46.Both locally and _______(global) , the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.
47.However, the two zookeepers didn't want to see the ________(extinct) of this precious species.
48.There are many ways to increase ________(agriculture) efficiency in the poorer areas of the world.
49.The ________(disappear) of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.
50.The title will be __________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
51.This kind of soil is not (suit) for growing peanuts.
52.It is essential to get good _________(profession) advice.
53.The method is _________(specific) designed for use in small groups.
54.I think it was ___________ that they should have been aware of the ___________ of the rules. (significance)
55.In the experiment, we want to know the _________ data, so you must assure the _________. (accurate)
56.I am beginning to feel embarrassed at my complete _____ (ignore) of world history.
57.This kind of soil is not _____ (suit) for growing peanuts.
58.It is _______ (legal) to drive after drinking alcohol in our country.
59.The fish is a bit ____ (smell). We can't eat it.
60.____ (unfortunate), Chaplin and his friend didn't find any gold but were caught in a snowstorm.
1.答案:flight
解析:考查名词。句意:由于糟糕的天气,这次航班被取消了。本空在句中作主语,故应用名词flight“航班”。
2.答案:carelessness
解析:考查名词。句意:他的粗心导致了他在数学竞赛中的失败。本空在句中作主语,故应用名词carelessness“粗心”。
3.答案:smelly
解析:考查形容词。句意为:日复一日,这条曾经美丽的河流已经变成了发臭的垃圾桶。此处应用形容词修饰名词"dustbin", smelly意为"有臭味的,有难闻气味的",符合句意。故填smelly。
4.答案:official
解析: 考查形容词。句意为:从那时起,便没有了与绑架者(进行)的官方的沟通。此处应用形容词修饰名词"communication"。故填official。
5.答案:extremely
解析:此空并不是系动词was后的表语,作表语的是difficult,空格处所填的词修饰 difficult,故应填副词 。注意以e结尾的形容词转换为副词的拼写规律:除以le结尾的形容词和true等以"元音字母+e"结尾的词外,其他都是直接加ly,不能去e。
6.答案:practical
解析:此处表示可是我们需要切实可行的建议帮我们脱离困境,故此处用 practice的形容词形式 practical作定语修饰名词 suggestions。因为有些考生对 need doing= need to be done结构比较熟悉,故容易忽视语境而误填practicing。
7.答案:receptions
解析:考查名词。句意:在婚宴上,男人和女人必须坐在不同的地方—新郎这边坐的是男人,新娘这边坐的是女人。根据areas可知,空格处应该用名词复数,分析句子成分可知,此处at wedding receptions是地点状语,意为 "在婚礼宴会上" 。故填receptions。
8.答案:retired
9.答案:demanding
10.答案:apology
解析:此处是一个固定短语,make an apology to sb,向某人道歉,所以需要apologize的名词形式,即apology.
11.答案:confirmed, confirmation
12.答案:Initially
13.答案:fail, failure
14.答案:frequently, frequency
15.答案:temporarily
16.答案:distributed, distribution
17.答案:violence, violently
18.答案:emperor, empire
19.答案:dirt, dirtier
20.答案:bare, barely
21.答案:elegant, elegance
22.答案:lacked, lack
23.答案:vividly
24.答案:urged, urge
25.答案:powerful
解析:修饰名词government应用形容词,根据句意可知此处表示“强大的”,故填powerful。
26.答案:wonderful
解析:句意: 然后我们收到了官方的来信, 我们大吃一惊, 我们为她骄傲。那太棒了。根据句子结构可知, 在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语, 故填wonderful。
27.答案:Compared
解析:句意:和信件相比,如今电子邮件更方便交流。分析句子结构可知,compare与句子主语e-mails构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故填Compared。
28.答案:freedom
解析:句意为:现在,孩子们被给予了更多的自由。句中的allow是双宾动词,用法为 allow sb sth,故此处应使用名词形式freedom。
29.答案:ignorance
解析:句意为:他们同偏见与无知进行了长期的斗争。句中and表示并列,连接的是名词prejudice和设空处,故此处应使用名词形式 ignorance。
30.答案:application
解析:句意为:南非已经提交了举办世界杯的申请。此处应使用名词形式作宾语。
31.答案:scientific
解析:句意为:他采取了一种非常科学的管理方法。此处应使用形容词来修饰名词 approach。
32.答案:electricity
解析:句意为:我们搬进了一间有电但是没有自来水的小木屋。此处应使用名词作介词with的宾语。
33.答案:politician
解析:句意为:他仍是阿肯色州最受喜爱的政治家。此处前有形容词 popular修饰且指He,应使用名词 politician。
34.答案:surroundings
解析:句意为:这些建筑物设计巧妙,与周围环境浑然一体。表示“环境;周围的事物”时应使用名词 surroundings,且其为复数形式。
35.答案:intention
解析:句意为:这位作者的意图是在最终悲痛的结尾前让所有人都猜不透。此处应使用名词作主语。
36.答案:survival
解析:句意为:只有进行心脏移植,他才有机会活下去。此处应用名词作介词of的宾语。
37.答案:entertainment
解析:句意为:另一个反对电视的论据说,它作为一种消遣的形式替代了阅读。a form of 意为“一种……的形式”,后面要接名词作宾语,故填entertainment。
38.答案:variety
解析:句意为:加入我们,一起来尝一尝各种各样的当地的新鲜食物和饮料。a variety of 意为“各种各样的”,相当于形容词various。
39.答案:arrangements
解析:设空处在句中作主语,应用名词,arrangement作“安排,准备”讲时为可数名词,且常用复数形式。故填arrangements。
40.答案:awareness
解析:句意为:他们认为一个城市的文明可以通过人们保护动物的意识来评价。设空处作介词by 的宾语,应用名词,故填awareness。
41.答案:obviously
解析:句意为:尽管我只分别列出了两个,但显然还有很多其他的情况可能出现。此处要用 obvious 的副词形式 obviously 修饰be动词are。
42.答案:curiosity
解析:句意为:大厅里的人们似乎非常爱管闲事,一直好奇地看着我。介词with后应用名词作宾语。
43.答案:recyclable
解析:句意为:所有可回收的材料都可以节省能源,有时被节省下来的能源量是巨大的。此处需要形容词,修饰
空后的 materials,表示“可回收的材料”,故填形容词recyclable。
44.答案:length
解析:句意为:操作员表示,这个黑斑大约有横跨整个美国的长度的两倍长。此处考查倍数的表达:“A + be +倍数+ the +名词+ of + B”,意为“A是B在某个方面的多少倍”,故填length。
45.答案:poisonous
解析:句意为:要是她之前意识到了蘑菇是有毒的,那么她就不会把它们摘下来当晚餐了。此处应用形容词,表示“有毒的”,与空前的be动词构成系表结构,故填poisonous。
46.答案:globally
解析:句意为:但无论是从当地还是从全球来看,全日照咖啡园的持续扩张都可能意味着对热带雨林生态的破坏。此处修饰后面的句子,应用副词,同时根据and前的locally也可知应填副词。
47.答案:extinction
解析:句意为:然而,这两名动物园管理员不愿意看到这种珍贵物种的灭绝。此处作see的宾语,应用名词,故填extinction。
48.答案:agricultural
解析:句意为:人们有许多可以提高世界较贫困地区农业效能的方法。agriculture意为“农业”,此处需要形容词,修饰空后的efficiency(效率;效能),故填agricultural。
49.答案:disappearance
解析:句意为:恐龙的灭绝并不一定是由天文方面的事件导致的。disappear是动词,此处应填名词,作主语,故填 disappearance,意为“消失”。
50.答案:officially
解析:句意为:这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上被正式授予我。此处需要填入副词,修饰句子的谓语部分 will be given to,故填officially,表示“官方地;正式地”。
51.答案:suitable
解析: 句意:这种土壤不适合种植花生。be suitable for 意为 “适合...”。
52.答案:professional
解析:句意为:获得好的专业建议是非常重要的。设空处修饰后面的名词advice,需填形容词。
53.答案:specifically
解析:句意为:这个方法是专为小组使用而设计的。设空处修饰动词designed,需用副词。
54.答案:significant, significance
55.答案:accurate, accuracy
56.答案:ignorance
解析:考查名词。句意:我开始因自己对世界历史的一无所知感到尴尬。根据空前形容词complete及空后介词of可知,本空应用名词ignorance“无知”。
57.答案:suitable
解析:考查形容词。句意:这种土壤不适合种植花生。本空在句中作表语,故应用形容词suitable“适合的”。be suitable for“适合……”。
58.答案:illegal
解析:考查形容词。句意:在我们国家,酒后开车是违法的。本空在句中作表语,根据句意可知,本空应用形容词illegal“违法的”。
59.答案:smelly
解析:考查形容词。句意:这条鱼有点儿臭了。我们不能吃它了。本空在句中作表语,根据空前a bit可知,本空应用形容词smelly“有臭味的”。
60.答案:Unfortunately
解析:考查副词。句意:不幸的是,卓别林和他的朋友没找到任何金子,却遇上了暴风雪。本空位于句首修饰整个句子,故应用副词;根据句意可知,本空应用副词Unfortunately“不幸地”。
【2024】
【2023】
构词法在语法填空与短文改错中的考点
1.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Since June 2017, right before the ___56___ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___57___ (confidence) speaking English. ...They also need to be ready to give ___61___ (interview) in English with international journalists.
考查名词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空前是冠词,空后是介词,所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语,arrive的名词形式是arrival,不可数名词。故填arrival。
考查形容词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空处和前文的comfortable并列,作并列表语,应用形容词形式,confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。
2.【2023年全国甲卷】However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty __69___ (warn) about environmental destruction.
【49题详解】
考查名词。句意:然而,卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知,用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
3.【2023年全国乙卷】The ____49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50means_____ (mean) there is always something new
to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【49题详解】
考查形容词。句意:这个城市的显著发展,是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界,这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知,空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。
4.【2023年全国乙卷】However, instead of the brownish red hair she had hoped for, she final got purple hair.
8.考查副词。句意:然而,她最终得到的不是她所希望的棕红色头发,而是紫色的头发。此处修饰动词got,应用副词,作状语。故final改为finally。
5.【2023年全国乙卷】At least one thing proved truth: the color wouldn’t wash out.
10.考查形容词。句意:至少有一件事被证明是正确的:这种颜色洗不掉。prove为系动词,表示“证明是”,后接形容词。故truth改为true。
6.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】So, what are they learning ___63___ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意:基本上,如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空后整个句子,应该用副词修饰,basic的副词形式是basically位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Basically。
7.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ___56____ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
考查形容词。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉,是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤),故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语,故填tasty。
8.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ____64____ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _____65_____ (want) more next time.
考查副词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语,rarely“少有”,故填rarely。
考查非谓语动词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知,此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”,本句是被动语态,want是主语补足语,根据句意,I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系,用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。
9.【2023年全国甲卷】 ___47___ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
【47题详解】
考查形容词。句意:与传统寓言不同,卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同,所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。
10.【2023年全国甲卷】The bees, butterfly and many other insects looked lovely and beautifully on the stamps.
4.考查名词的数。蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。句意:根据上文The bees可知,此处应用复数形式。故butterfly改为butterflies。
5.考查形容词。句意:蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。系动词lovely后跟形容词beautiful,作表语。故beautifully改为beautiful。
【2022】
11. (2022年全国甲卷语法填空)
...Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___A 64___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___65___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___66___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
65.【答案】protection
【解析】考查名词。句意:曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知,此处应用名词protection,作宾语,protection表示“保护”时,是不可数名词。故填protection。
66.【答案】meaningful
【解析】考查形容词。句意:曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构,应用形容词meaningful,作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
12.(2022年全国甲卷短文改错)I felt so closely to him.
【答案】closely→close
【解析】考查形容词。句意:我对他感觉如此亲近。felt为系动词,后面用形容词作表语,表示“亲近的”,closely为副词,此处用close。故将closely改为close。
13.(2022年全国乙卷语法填空)
...As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a 65 (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
65. responsibility【解析】考查名词。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
14. (2022年全国乙卷短文改错)We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise....
1.【答案】greatly → great
【解析】考查形容词。句意: 我们都知道骑自行车是一项很好运动。需用形容词作定语修饰名词exercise。故将greatly改为great。
15. (2022年全国高考新高考I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___63___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
62.【答案】populations
考查名词。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语,应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式,注意population为可数名词。本句句意:大熊猫保护区(GPNP)的的主要目标是改善大熊猫独立种群和家园之间的联系,并最终达到野外种群的理想水平。故填populations。
63.【答案】eventually
【解析】 考查副词。设空处后为动词achieve,设空处应用副词eventually作状语,修饰动词achieve。本句句意:大熊猫保护区(GPNP)的的主要目标是改善大熊猫独立种群和家园之间的联系,并最终达到野外种群的理想水平。故填eventually。
构词法在阅读理解中的运用
写出下列段落中划线词的构词形式及汉语意思
1.(2023年新高考I卷C篇)The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.
【答案】
sustainable adj. 可持续的; Minimalism n. 极简主义
necessity n. 必要(性); (迫切)需要;必需品
high-quality adj.高质; mindless adj. 无须动脑筋的;
toolbox 合成词 工具箱; minimalist n. 简约主义者;
2.(2022年全国乙卷)Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.
【答案】
high-tension adj. 高(电)压的
precisely /pr sa sli/ adj. 准确地;恰好地
* precise /pr sa s/ adj. 精确的,准确的;恰好的
regularly / reɡj l li/ adv. 定期地,有规律地;频繁地
* regular/ reɡj l (r)/ adj. 恒定的,规则的
reliability /r la b l ti/ n. 可靠性;可信度
* reliable /r la b( )l/ adj. 可靠的,可信赖的
2.(2022年新高考I卷)Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with
what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
【答案】unthinkingly adv. 轻率地
jaw-dropping adj. 使人十分惊奇的;惊人的
【2021】
1. (2021年新高考I卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
2. (2021年全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people…
3. (2021年全国乙卷)… and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___(develop)of the local areas.
4. (2021年全国乙卷) Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.___69___(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)
5. (2021年1月浙江卷)It is calculated by dividing a 30. (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared.
6. (2021年6月浙江卷)…Charles Dresser, who performed their ___38___ (marry)ceremony in 1842.
1.【57题】考查名词复数。句意:当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海,你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语,we为复数,应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
2.(2021年全国甲卷)
【49题】考查名词复数。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知,此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念,应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。
3. (2021年全国乙卷)
【62题】考查名词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知,此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
4. (2021年全国乙卷)
【69题】考查名词。句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知,空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填activities。
5. (2021年1月浙江卷)
30.考查名词所有格。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,person是修饰weight的,用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。
6. (2021年6月浙江卷)
【38题】考查名词。句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知,此处要用名词形式;结合设空处后的ceremony,可知此处意为“婚礼”;提示词marry意为“婚姻”,其名词形式为marriage,marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
7.(2021年新高考I卷)It will 58 (undoubted) help you get refreshed!
17..(2021年全国甲卷)… to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ____50____ (day) routines.
8.(2021年全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61 _ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics,…
9. Provide 68 (finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
10.(2021年1月浙江卷)But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 35(sharp).
1.【57题】考查名词复数。句意:当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海,你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语,we为复数,应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
2.【49题】考查名词复数。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知,此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念,应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。
3. 【62题】考查名词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知,此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
4. 【69题】考查名词。句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知,空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填activities。
5. 30.考查名词所有格。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,person是修饰weight的,用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。
6. 【38题】考查名词。句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知,此处要用名词形式;结合设空处后的ceremony,可知此处意为“婚礼”;提示词marry意为“婚姻”,其名词形式为marriage,marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
7.【58题】考查副词。句意:它无疑会帮助你恢复精神!修饰动词help,应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
【50题】考查形容词。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily,作定语,修饰名词。故填daily。
8. 【61题】考查形容词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知,此处查固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
9. 【68题】考查形容词。句意:为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知,空格处应填形容词来修饰名词aid,finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。
10. 35.考查副词。句意:但30年后,许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知,sharp是要修饰动词narrow,用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。构词法
近年高考越来越注重对构词法的考查。通过引导学生掌握构词法,分析词的组成,有助于学生提高词汇的分析能力,扩大词汇量。此外,利用构词法还有助于记住单词的形、义和词性,避免出现拼写的错误,提高综合能力。
近年高考真题名词考点细目表
年份 卷别 语法填空 阅读理解 改错
2023年 新高考I卷 56. Tasty(taste) 64.rarely(rare) economical adj. 经济的,实惠的; Sustainable adj.可持续的; strategic adj. 重要的,合适的,战略(性)的; available adj.可用的,可得到的; additional adj. 附加的,另外的 countless adj. 无数的;多得数不清的 .... 0
新高考II卷 56.arrival(arrive) 57. confident(confidence) 63. Basically( Basic) Occasionally adv. 偶然;偶尔;有时候 Evaluation n. 评价,评估 Emotional adj. 感情的;情感的;情绪的 Initiator n.发起人;创始人 0
全国甲卷 67.different(difference) Warning(Warn) backbreaking adj.非常辛劳的;费力的 philosopher哲学家philosophical哲学的 bl
Simplicity简单reawaken重新唤起
全国乙卷 69.Remarkable(Remark) Probably adv. 几乎肯定;很可能;大概 Uninteresting adj. 不吸引人的;无趣的;无聊的 less-than-impressive 不那么令人印象深刻的 truth改为true
2022 年 新高考I卷 eventually(eventual) honorable =honourable adj. 光荣的;可敬的;高贵的 disqualification n. 不合格;取消资格;被罚下场 disqualified 不合格的;被取消资格的 willpower n. 意志力;毅力 0
新高考II卷 asleep(sleep) accidentally (accidental ) afford v-affordable adj. private adj.-privacy n. 0
全国甲卷 protection(protect) 66.meaningful(meaning) trial-and-error试错实验 indicate v-indication n-indicator n. 表明一指示器,指标 0
浙江卷1月 roughly(rough) independence(independent) downturn n.衰退;下降 white-out conditions(暴露于恶劣天气环境而产生的)失明 off-road biking越野骑车 lifeblood n.命脉... 0
全国乙卷 responsibility (responsible) characterisation n.人物刻 re-admissionn.重新入场 A hair-raising令人毛骨悚然 mentally改为mental
2021 新高考I卷 undoubtedly (undoubted) best-rated排名最好的 up-and-coming 积极进取的 .inclusion n.纳入;包含
2021 新高考II卷 44.representative (represent) observation n. 观察;观测;监视 observatory n. 天文台;气象台 6. interpersonal adj. 人际关系的;人际的 0
2021 全国甲卷 daily(day) a small clearing一小块空地 foreground n.前景;最显著的地方 0
2021 全国乙卷 financial (finance) development(develop) functional a.运转的、功能正常的 landline n.座机 0
2021.6 浙江卷 marriage(marry) an uphill battle 一场漫长而艰难的战争 .praiseworthy a.值得称赞的 0
2021.1 浙江卷 sharply(sharp) 0
考点梳理
考点一:名词转和动词互相变换
考点二:名词和形容词互相变换
考点三:形容词和副词互相变换
考点四:阅读理解和完形填空中的考查
许多英语单词的构成都有一定的规律,这种规律被称为构词法(word formation)。掌握构词法知识对我们更好地理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有重要意义。英语中的构词法主要有派生法(Derivation)、合成法(Composition)和转换法(Conversion)三大类。
构词法一 派生法
在一个词的词根(root)前面或后面加上某个词缀(affix)来产生新词,这种构词法称为派生法(derivation)或词缀法(affixation)。加在前面的词缀叫前缀(prefix),加在后面的词缀叫后缀(suffix)。一般情况下,前缀往往改变词根的词义,不改变词根的词性;而后缀往往改变词根的词性,有些也涉及意义的变化。大部分前缀和后缀都有固定的意义,因而许多派生词的词义可以通过词根及词缀的意思推知。
1.形容词变副词的后缀
在形容词后加-ly可变成相应意义的副词
直接加-ly extreme → extremely尤其,非常 stupid → stupidly 傻地
改y为-ily happy → happily快乐地 merry → merrily 快乐地
去e加-ly true真的 → truly真地
2.形容词变名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-age short → shortage不足;短缺
-cy efficient → efficiency效率;功效 accurate → accuracy准确性
-dom free → freedom自由;自主 wise → wisdom明智;智慧
-ence different → difference差异 silent → silence沉默
-ness weak → weakness虚弱;弱点 careless → carelessness粗心大意
-th strong → strength力气;强项 wide → width宽
-y -ty -ity disable → disability无能;残疾 responsible → responsibility责任
3.动词变名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-al approve → approval赞成;批准 arrive → arrival到来
-ance appear → appearance出现;外貌 perform → performance表演;节目
-ence exist → existence存在;生存 refer → reference参考;查阅
-ion construct → construction建设 evaluate → evaluation评估
-ation consider → consideration考虑 imagine → imagination想象力
-(s)sion discuss → discussion讨论;辩论 admit → admission接纳;准许入学
-ing hear → hearing听力;听觉begin → beginning开始
-ment argue → argument辩论;论据 equip → equipment设备
-ure fail → failure失败;没做到 press → pressure压力
-ture mix → mixture混合;混合物
depart → departure离开;出发
-y recover → recovery恢复;痊愈 discover → discovery发现
其他 vary → variety多样化;种类 tend → tendency趋向;趋势
4.表示"人"的后缀
在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示"人"的后缀有:
后缀 例词
-er village → villager村民 strange → stranger陌生人
-ar lie → liar说谎者
-ee employ → employee受雇者;雇员 interview → interviewee被面试者
-or invent → inventor发明家 educate → educator教育家;教师
-ess steward → stewardess 女乘务员 host → hostess 女主人;女主持人
-ese China → Chinese中国人 Japan → Japanese日本人
-an America → American美国人 Australia → Australian澳洲人
-ian history → historian历史学家 politics → politician政治家;政客
-ist special → specialist专家 tour → tourist旅行者;观光者
-ant participate → participant参加者 assist → assistant助手;图书管理员
5.动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀
后缀 例词
-able accept → acceptable可接受的 comfort → comfortable舒适的
-al person → personal个人的;私人的 nature → natural自然的;天生的
-ful hope → hopeful有希望的 peace → peaceful和平的
-ed confuse → confused感到困惑的 bore → bored感到厌倦的
-ing surprise → surprising令人惊讶的 convince → convincing令人信服的
-ible access → accessible容易到达的;容易取得的 horror → horrible可怕的;恐怖的
-ive effect → effective有效的;生效的 instruct → instructive有教育意义的
-ous anxiety → anxious忧虑的 curiosity → curious好奇的
-some tire → tiresome令人厌倦的 trouble → troublesome麻烦的
-y taste → tasty美味的;可口的 wealth → wealthy富裕的;丰富的 dirt → dirty有灰尘的;脏的
-ern east → eastern东方的;向东的 west → western西方的;向西的
-ish fool → foolish愚蠢的;可笑的 self → selfish自私的
-ic science → scientific科学的 history → historic历史上著名的
-ary imagine → imaginary想象中的
6.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀
前缀 例词
dis- advantage → disadvantage缺点 comfort → discomfort不舒适
il- legal → illegal不合法的 logical → illogical不合逻辑的
im- patient → impatient不耐烦的 moral → immoral不道德的
in- formal → informal非正式的 convenient → inconvenient不方便的
ir- regular → irregular不规则的 responsible → irresponsible不负责任的
mis- lead → mislead误导 understand → misunderstand误解
un- willing → unwilling不愿意的 happy → unhappy不高兴的
后缀 例词
-less hope → hopeless绝望的 care → careless粗心的
7.变动词的前缀和后缀
前缀 例词
en- large → enlarge扩大 rich → enrich使充实;使丰富
后缀 例词
-en broad → broaden使变宽 hard → harden使变硬
-ify class → classify把……分类 beauty → beautify美化
-ize apology → apologize道歉 emphasis → emphasize强调
构词法二 转化法
在词形不变的情况下,把一个单词由一种词性转换成另一种词性,而没有加任何词缀,这种构词方法称为转换法。转换法种类很多,但数量最多的是由名词转化为动词和由动词转化为名词两大类。转换后的词义与转换前的词义通常有密切的联系,但有时差异也很大。
动词 → 名词 walk → take a walk散步 swim → have a swim游泳
名词 → 动词 book n. → v.预订 milk n. → v.挤奶
形容词 → 动词 slow adj. → v.减慢 narrow adj. → v.使变窄;(差距等)缩小
形容词 副词 hard adj.困难的 adv.努力地 high adj.高的 adv.高 deep adj.深的 adv.深 wide adj.宽的 adv.广阔地
构词法三 合成法
把两个或两个以上的词素放到一起,这种构词法称为合成法。合成词通常由两个或两个以上的自由词素构成不同词性,最常见的包括:名词合成词,形容词合成词,动词合成词。之间有的用连字符连接,有的直接连接在一起。
1.合成名词
构成方式 例词
名词+名词 weekend周末
名词+动词 daybreak黎明
名词+动名词 handwriting书法
名词+及物动词+er/or pain-killer止痛药
名词+介词+名词 sister-in-law嫂子
代词+名词 she-wolf母狼,he-goat
动词+名词 typewriter打字机
动名词+名词 reading-room阅览室
现在分词+名词 flying-fish飞鱼
形容词+名词 freshman大一新生
副词+动词 outlook景色,风光
介词+名词 afterbrain后脑
2.合成形容词
构成方式 例词
名词+形容词 bloodred血红的
名词+现在分词 French-speaking讲法语的
名词+to+名词 one-to-one一对一的
名词+过去分词 man-made人造的
数词+名词 one-way单行道的
数词+名词+形容词 three-year-old三岁的
数词+名词+ed ten-storeyed十层的
动词+副词 one-off 一次性的
形容词+名词 high-quality高质量的
形容词+名词+ed noble-minded高尚的
形容词+形容词 light-green浅绿色的
形容词+现在分词 ordinary-looking相貌一般的
副词+形容词 ever-green常青的
副词+现在分词 hard-working辛勤的
副词+过去分词 well-known著名的
副词+名词 fast-food提供快餐的
介词+名词 indoor室内的
3.合成动词
构成方式 例词
名词+动词 sleep-walk梦游
形容词+动词 white-wash粉刷
副词+动词 overwhelm压倒,制服
4.合成副词
构成方式 例词
形容词+名词 hotfoot匆忙地
形容词+副词 everywhere到处
副词+副词 however尽管如此
介词+名词 beforehand事先
介词+副词 forever永远
5.合成代词
构成方式 例词
代词宾格+self herself 她自己,themselves
物主代词+self myself 我自己
形容词+名词 anything 一切
语法填空词形转换常考词汇表一
A
ability [ b l t ] n. 能力;才能
able [ e b( )l] a. 能够;有能力的
absence [ bs ns] n. 不在,缺席
absent [ bs nt] a. 缺席, 不在
3. academic [ k dem k] a. / n. 学术的,教学的
academy [ k d m ] n.专科学院,(美)私立学校
4. access [ kses] n. / v. 通道,入径,存取(计算机文件)
accessible [ k ses b( )l] a. 可到达的,可接受的
5. achieve [ t i v] vt. 达到,取得
achievement [ t i vm nt] n. 成就,成绩,功绩
6. act [ kt] n. 法令,条例 v. (戏)表演,扮演(角色),演出(戏);行动,做事
action [ k ( )n] n. 行动
active [ kt v] a. 积极的,主动的
activity [ k t v t ] n. 活动
7. adapt [ d pt] v. 使适应,适合,改编
adaptation [ d p te ( )n] n. 适应,改编本
8. adjust [ d st] v.调整,调节,适应,习惯
adjustment [ d stm nt] n. 调整,适应
9. admirable [ dm r b( )l] a.值得赞赏的,可钦佩的
admire [ d ma (r)] v. 钦佩;羡慕
admission [ d m ( )n] n. 准入, 接纳
admit [ d m t] vt. 承认,准许(入场,入学,入会)
10. advertise [ dv ta z] vt. 为……做广告
advertisement [ d v t sm nt] n. 广告
11.agree [ ɡri ] v. 同意;应允
agreement [ ɡri m nt] n. 同意,一致;协定,协议
12. amaze [ me z] v. 惊奇,惊叹;震惊
amazed 感到惊讶的
amazing [ me z ] a.惊奇,惊叹的;震惊的
be amazed at 对..感到惊讶
13.amuse [ mju z] vt. (使人)快乐,逗乐
amused 感到愉快的
amusing 令人愉快的
amusement [ mju zm nt] n. 娱乐
14. analyze/ ` nl,a z / v. 分析
analysis [ n l s s] n. 分析,分析结果
15.anger [ ɡ (r)] n. 怒,愤怒
angry [ nɡr ] a. 生气的,愤怒的
16.anxiety [ za t ] n. 担忧,焦虑
anxious [ k s] a. 忧虑的,焦急的
17.apologize [ p l d a z] vi. 道歉,谢罪
apology [ p l d ] n. 道歉;歉意
18.appear [ p (r)] vi. 出现
appearance [ p r ns] n. 出现,露面;容貌
19. application [ pl ke ( )n] n. 申请
apply [ pla ]v. 申请
20. appoint [ p nt] v. 任命,委任,安排 appointment [ p ntm nt] n. 约会
appreciate [ pri e t] v. 欣赏; 感激
appreciation [ pri e ( )n] n. 欣赏,鉴定,评估
21.appropriate [ pr pr t] a. 合适的,恰当的
approximately [ pr ks m tl ] ad.近似,大约
22.argue [ ɑ ɡju ]vi. 争辩, 争论
argument [ ɑ ɡj m nt] n. 争论,辩论
23.arrange [ re nd ] v. 安排,布置
arrangement [ re nd m nt]n. 安排,布置
24.arrival [ ra v( )l] n. 到来,到达
arrive [ ra v] vi. 到达; - at 小地方,- in大地方
25.assess [ ses] v.评价,评定(性质,质量)
assessment [ sesm nt] n. 看法,评价
26.assist [ s st]v. 帮助,协助
assistance [ s st( )ns] n. 帮助,援助,支持
assistant [ s st( )nt] n. 助手,助理
27.associate [ s e t] v. 联想,联系
association [ s s e ( )n] n. 协会,社团,联系
28.assume [ sju m; (US) su m] v. 假定,假设
assumption [ s mp ( )n] n. 假定,假设
29.attract [ tr kt] v. 吸引,引起
attraction [ tr k ( )n] n. 吸引,爱慕
attractive [ tr kt v] a. 迷人的,有吸引力的
B
1. bad (worse, worst) [b d] a. 坏的;有害的,严重的
badly [ b dl ] ad. 坏,恶劣地
2.bath [bɑ θ; (US) b θ] n. 洗澡;浴室;澡盆
bathe [be ] vi. 洗澡;游泳
3.beautiful [ bju t f( )l] a. 美,美丽,美观的
beauty [ bju t ] n. 美丽,美人
4. behave [b he v] v. 守规矩,行为
behaviour/ b `he vj r / n. 行为,举止
5. beneficial [ben f ( )l] a. 有利的,有帮助的,有用的
benefit [ ben f t] n. / v.优势,益处,使…受益
6. bored / b rd / a.(对人,事)厌倦的,烦闷的
boring / `b r / a. 乏味的,无聊的
7.brave [bre v] a. 勇敢的
bravery [ bre v r ] n. 勇气
8.breath [breθ] n. 气息;呼吸
breathe [bri ] vi. 呼吸
breathless [ breθl s] a. 气喘吁吁的,上气不接下气的
9. build (built, built) [b ld] v. 建筑;造
building [ b ld ] n. 建筑物;房屋;大楼
C
1.care [ke (r)] n. 照料,保护;小心v. 介意……,在乎
careful [ ke f l] a. 小心,仔细,谨慎的
careless [ ke l s] a. 粗心的,漫不经心的
2. caution [ k ( )n] n. 谨慎,小心,警告
cautious [ k s] a. 小心的,谨慎的
3.celebrate [ sel bre t] v. 庆祝
celebration [sel bre ( )n] n. 庆祝;庆祝会
4.entre 中心 central 中心的
5. certain [ s t( )n] a.确定的,无疑的;一定会……
certainly [ s t nl ] ad. 当然;一定,无疑
6. challenge [ t l nd ] n.挑战(性)
challenging [ t l nd ] a.具有挑战性的
7.changeable [ t e nd b( )l] a.易变的,变化无常的
change [t e nd ] n. 零钱;找头v. 改变,变化;更换;
8.cheer [t (r)] n. & vi.欢呼; 喝彩
Cheer up [t (r)- p] 振作起来!提起精神!
cheerful [ t f l] a.兴高采烈的,快活的
cheers [t (r)] int. 干杯,(口)谢谢,再见
9.chemical [ kem k( )l] a. 化学的 n. 化学品
chemist [ kem st] n. 药剂师;化学家
chemistry [ kem str ] n. 化学
10.child (复children) [t a ld] n. 孩子,儿童
childhood [ t a ldh d] n. 幼年时代,童年
11.civil [ s v( )l] a. 国内的;平民(非军人)的;民用的
civilian [s v l n] n. 平民,老百姓
civilization [s v la ze ( )n; n. 文明
12.clean [kli n] vt. 弄干净,擦干净 a. 清洁的,干净的
cleaner [kli n (r)] n.清洁工.,清洁器.,清洁剂
13.clear [kl (r)] a. 清晰;明亮的;清楚的
clearly [ kl l ] ad. 清楚地,无疑地
14.cloud [ kl ] n. 云;云状物;阴影
cloudy [ kla d ] a. 多云的,阴天的
fort [ k mf t] n. 安慰; 慰问
comfortable [ k mf t b( )l; (US) k mf rt bl] a. 舒服的;安逸的;舒服自在的
mit [k m t] v.犯(罪,错),自杀
commitment [k m tm nt] n. 承诺,允诺,承担
municate [k mju n ke t] v. 交际;传达(感情,信息等)
communication [k mju n ke ( )n] n.交际,通讯
pete [k m pi t] vi. 比赛,竞赛
competence [ k mp t ns] n.能力,胜任,管辖权
competition [k mp t ( )n] n. 比赛,竞赛
competitor [k m pet t (r)] n. 竞赛者,比赛者
19.conclude [k n klu d] v. 完成,结束
conclusion [k n klu ( )n] n. 结论;结束
20.consider [k n s d (r)] vt. 考虑
considerate [k n s d r t] a. 体贴的
consideration [k ns d re ( )n] n. 考虑;关心
21.convenience n. convenient adj. 方便的
22.construct [k n str kt] v. 构筑;建造,建设
construction [k n str k ( )n] n.建造,建设,建筑物
D
1.danger [ de nd (r)] n. 危险
dangerous [ de nd r s] a. 危险的
2.dark [dɑ k] n. 黑暗;暗处;日暮 a. 黑暗的;深色的
darkness [ dɑ kn s] n. 黑暗,阴暗
3.die [da ] v. 死 dead 死的,无生命的
death [deθ] n. 死
4.decide [d sa d] v. 决定;下决心
decision [d s ( )n] n. 决定;决心
5.deep [di p] a. 深 ad. 深;深厚
deeply [ di pl ] ad. 深深地
depth [depθ] n. 深,深度
66.delight [d la t] n. 快乐;乐事
delighted [di'laitid] a. 高兴的,快乐的
7.develop [d vel p] v. (使)发展;(使)发达;(使)发育;开发 vt. 冲洗(照片)
development [d vel pm nt] n. 发展,发达,发育,
8.devote [d v t] vt. 把…奉献, 把…专用(于)
devotion [d v ( )n] n. 奉献,奉献精神
9.differ [ d f (r)] v. 相异,有区别
difference [ d fr ns] n. 不同
different [ d fr nt] a. 不同的,有差异的
10.difficult [ d f k lt] a.难;艰难;不易相处
difficulty [ d f k lt ] n. 困难,费力
11.disagree [d s ɡri ] vi. 意见不一致,持不同意见
disagreement [d s ɡri m nt] n. 意见不一致;争论
12.disappoint [d s p nt]vt. 使失望
be disappointed at 感到失望的
disappointing令人失望的
disappointment [d s p ntm nt] n. 失望;沮丧
13.discover [d sk v (r)] vt. 发现
discovery [d sk v r ] n. 发现
14.discuss [d s k s] vt. 讨论,议论
discussion [d s k ( )n] n. 讨论,辩论
15.distance [ d st ns] n. 距离
distant [ d st( )nt] a. 远的,遥远的
E
1.easy [ i z ] a. 容易的,不费力的
easily [ i z l ] ad. 容易地
2.east [i st]a. 东方;东部的;朝东的; ad. 在东方;
eastern [ i st( )n] a. 东方的;东部的
3.educate [ edj ke t] vt. 教育,培养
educator ['edju:keit (r)] n. 教育家
education [edj ke ( )n] n. 教育,培养
4.engine [ end n] n. 发动机,引擎
engineer [end n (r)] n. 工程师;技师
5.enjoy [ n d ] vt.欣赏;享受乐趣;喜欢
enjoyable [ n d b( )l]a. 愉快的;有趣的
6.equal [ i kw( )l] a.平等的 vt.等于,使等于
equality [i kw l t ] n. 平等
82.equip [ kw p] vt. 提供设备;装备;配备
equipment [ kw pm nt] n. 装备,设备
7.exact [ ɡ z kt] a. 精确的;确切的
exactly [ex'act·ly] ad. 精确地;确切地
8.exist [ g'z st] vi. 存在
existence [ ɡ z st( )ns] n.存在;生存;存在物
9.explain [ ks ple n] vt. 解释,说明
explanation [ekspl ne ( )n] n. 解释,说明
10.express [ k spres] vt. 表达;表情 n. 快车,特快专递
expression [ k spre ( )n]n. 表达;词句;表情
11.extreme [ k stri m] a. 极其的,非常的
extremely [ k stri ml ] ad. 极其,非常
F
1.fail [fe l] v. 失败;不及格;衰退
failure [ fe lj (r)] n. 失败
2.fair [fe (r)] a. 公平的,合理的 a. (肤色)白皙的; (人)白肤金发的 n. 集市;庙会;展览会
fairly [ fe l ] ad. 公正地,正当地;相当(程度)地
fairness ['f nis] n. 公平;公正
3.firm [f m] n.公司;企业 a.坚固的,坚定的
firmly [ f ml ] ad. 牢牢地
4.fluency ['flu nsi] n.(外语)流利,流畅
fluent [ flu nt] a. (外语)流利的,流畅
5.fool [fu l] n. 傻子,蠢人
foolish [ fu l ] a. 愚蠢的,傻的
6.foreign [ f r n; (US) f r n] a. 外国的
foreigner [ f r n (r)] n. 外国人
7.forget [f rev (r)] (forgot, forgotten) v. 忘记;忘掉
forgetful [f ɡetf l] a. 健忘的,不留心的
8.fortunate [ f t n t] a. 幸运的; 侥幸的
fortune [ f tju n, f t u n] n. 财产;运气
9.free [fri ] a. 自由,空闲的;免费的
freedom [ fri d m] n. 自由
10.friend [frend] n. 朋友
friendly [ frendl ] a. 友好的
friendship [ frend p] n. 友谊,友情
G
1.gift [ɡ ft] n. 赠品;礼物
gifted [ ɡ ft d] a. 有天赋的;有才华的
2.grow (grew, grown) [ɡr ] v. 生长;发育;种植;变成
growth [ɡr θ] n. 生长,增长
3. guidance [ ɡa d ns] n. 引导,指导
guide [ɡa d] n. 向导,导游者
H
1. happy [ h p ] a.幸福;快乐的,高兴的
happily ['h p l ] ad. 幸福地,快乐地
happiness [ h p n s] n. 幸福,愉快
2. hard [hɑ d] ad. 努力地;使劲;猛烈地 a.硬的;困难的;艰难的
hardly [ hɑ dl ] ad. 几乎不
hardship [ hɑ d p] n. 困难
3. harm [hɑ m] n.&v. 伤害;损伤
harmful [ hɑ mf l] a.有害的;致伤的
harmless [ hɑ ml s] a. 无害的;不致伤的
4. health [helθ] n. 健康,卫生
healthy [ helθ ] a. 健康的,健壮的
5.heavy [ hev ] a. 重的
heavily [ hev l ] ad. 重地,大量地
6.help [help] n. & vt. 帮助,帮忙
helpful [ helpf l] a. 有帮助的,有益的
7.hope [h p] n.& v. 希望
hopeful [ h pf l] a. 有希望的;有前途的
hopeless a.没有希望,不可救药的
8.humorous [ hju m r s] a. 富于幽默的
humour (美humor) ['hju:m ] n.幽默,幽默感
9. hunger [ h ɡ (r)] n. 饥饿
hungry [ h ɡr ] a. (饥)饿的
I
1. ill [ l] a. 有病的;不健康的
illness [ ln s] n. 疾病
1. importance [ m p t( )ns] n. 重要性
important [ m p t nt] a. 重要的
3. imagine vt. 想象 imaginary adj. 想象的
imagination n. 想象
4. impossible [ m p s b( )l] a. 不可能的
possible 可能的
5. impress [ m pres] vt. 留下极深的印象
impression [ m pre ( )n] n. 印象,感觉
6. improve 改善,提高 improvement
7.independent 独立的 independence
8. instruct [ n str kt] vt. 通知;指示;教
instruction [ n str k ( )n] n. 说明,须知;教导
9. interest [ ntr st] n. 兴趣,趣味;利息
interesting [ ntr t ] a. 有趣的
interested 感兴趣的
10. intelligence 智力,intelligent 聪明的
11. introduce [ ntr dju s; (US) -du s] vt. 介绍
introduction [ ntr d k ( )n] n. 引进,介绍
12. invent [ n vent] vt. 发明,创造
invention [ n ven ( )n] n. 发明,创造
13. invitation [ nv te ( )n] n. 邀请,请帖
invite [ n va t] vt. 邀请,招待
J
1. judge [d d ] n. 裁判;审判员;法官vt. 判断,断定
judgement ['d d m nt] n. 裁判
2. juice [d u s] n. 汁、液
juicy [d u s ] a. 多汁的;水分多的
K
1. kind [ka nd] n. 种;类 a. 善良,友好的
kindness [ ka ndn s] n. 仁慈;善良
L
1. last [lɑ st; (US) l st] a.最近刚过去;最后的ad.最近刚过去;最后地 n.最后v.持续
late [le t] a.晚的,迟的ad.晚地,迟地
lately [ le tl ] ad. 最近,不久前
later [ le t (r)] a. 晚些的,迟些的
latest [ le t st] a.最近,最新的;最晚的
latter [ l t (r)] n.(两者之中的)后者
2.lazy 懒惰的 lazily 懒惰地 laziness n. 懒惰
3. laugh [lɑ f] n.& v. 笑,大笑;嘲笑
laughter [ lɑ ft (r); (US) l ft r] n. 笑; 笑声
4. learn (learnt, learnt;--ed --ed) [l n] vt. 学,学习,学会
learned [ l n d] a. 有才华的;博学的
5. live [l v] vi. 生活;居住;活着 a. 活的,活着的;实况,现场(直播)的
lively [ la vl ] a. 活泼的;充满生气的
living [ l v ] a. 活着的 n. 生计
6. legal 合法的 illegal 违法的
7. loud [la d] a. 大声的
loudly [la dl ] ad. 大声地
8. love [l v] n.& vt. 爱;热爱;很喜欢
lovely [ l vl ] a. 美好的,可爱的
9. luck [l k] n. 运气,好运
lucky [ l k ] a. 运气好,侥幸
M
1. marriage [ m r d ] n. 结婚,婚姻
married [ m r d] a. 已婚的
marry [ m r ] v.(使)成婚,结婚
2. memory [ mem r ] n. 回忆,记忆
memorize [ mem ra z] v. 记忆
3.mental [ ment( )l] a. 精神的;脑力的
mentally [ ment l ] ad. 精神上;智力上
4.merciful [ m s f l] a. 仁慈的;宽大的
mercy [ m s ] n. 怜悯
5.mess [mes] n. 凌乱
messy [ mes ] a. 乱七八糟的
6. mistake (mistook, mistaken) [m s te k] n. 错误 vt. 弄错
mistaken [m s te k n] a. 错误的
7. mix [m ks] v. 混合,搅拌
mixture [ m kst (r)] n. 混合物
8. move [mu v] v. 移动,搬动,搬家
movement [ mu vm nt] n. 运动,活动
9. modern 现代的 modernize vt.使现代化
modernization 现代化
N
1. nature [ ne t (r)] n. 自然, 性质,种类
natural [ n t r( )l] a. 自然的
2. nation 国家 national 国家的
nationality 国籍
3. near [n (r)] a. 近的 ad. 附近,邻近 prep. 在……附近,靠近
nearby [ n ba ] a. 附近的
nearly [ n l ] ad. 将近,几乎
4. necessary 必需的 necessarily 必需地
necessity n. 必需品
5. nine [na n] num. 九
ninth [na nθ] num. 第九
6. noise [n z] n. 声音,噪声,喧闹声
noisily ['n z l ] ad. 喧闹地
noisy [ n z ] a. 喧闹的,嘈杂的
7. normal [ n m( )l] n.& a. 正常的(状态)
abnormal 反常的 normally adv.正常地
8. north [n θ] a.北的;朝北的;从北来的 ad.向(在,从)北方 n.北;北方;北部
northern [ n ( )n] a. 北方的,北部的
northwards [ n θw dz] ad. 向北
9. novel [ n v( )l] n. (长篇)小说
novelist [ n v l st] n. 小说家
10. nurse [n s] n. 护士;保育员
nursery [ n s r ] n. 托儿所
nursing [n s ] n.(职业性的)保育,护理
O
1. operate[ p re t] v. 做手术,运转;实施,负责, 经营,管理
operation [ p re ( )n] n. 手术,操作
operator [ p re t (r)] n. 接线员
2. oppose [ p z] vt. 反对;反抗
opposite [ p z t] n. 相反,对面 a. 相反的,对面的
3. organize [' :g naiz] vt. 组织
organiser (organizer) [' :g naiz ] n. 组织者
organization [ ɡ na ze ( )n]n. 组织,机构
P
1. pain [pe n] n. 疼痛,疼
painful [ pe nf l] a. 使痛的,使痛苦的
paint [pe nt] n.油漆 vt.油漆,粉刷,绘画
painter [ pe nt (r)] n. 绘画者,(油)画家
painting [ pe nt ] n. 油画,水彩画
2. part [pɑ t] n. 部分;成分
partly [ pɑ tl ] ad.部分地,在一定程度上
3. patience n. 容忍;耐心
patient [ pe ( )nt] n. 病人,耐心的
4. peace [pi s] n. 和平
peaceful [ pi sf l] a. 和平的,安宁的
5. perform [p f m] v. 表演,履行;行动
performance [p f m] n. 演出,表演
performer [p f m (r)] n. 表演者,执行者
6. person [ p s( )n] n. 人
personal [ p s n( )l] a. 个人的,私人的
personnel [p s nel] n. 全体人员,职员
personally [ p s n l ] ad. 就自己而言
7.physical [ f z k( )l] a. 身体的;物理的
physician [f z ( )n] n.(有行医执照的)医生
8. physicist [ f z s st] n. 物理学家
physics [ f z ks] n. 物理(学)
9. pleasant [ plez nt] a. 令人愉快的,舒适的
please [pli z] v. 请,使人高兴,使人满意
pleased [pli zd] a. 高兴的
pleasure [pli zd] n. 高兴,愉快
10. poem [ p m] n. 诗
poet [ p t] n. 诗人
11. poison [ p z( )n] n. 毒药
poisonous [ p z n s] a. 有毒的,致命的
12. pollute [p lu t] vt. 污染
pollution [p lu ( )n] n. 污染
13. possess [p z ( )n] vt. 占有;拥有
possession [p ze ( )n] n. 所有,拥有;财产,所有物
14. possibility [p s b l t ] vn. 可能,可能性
possible [ p s b( )l] a. 可能的
15. power [ pa d (r)] n. 力,动力,电力
powerful [ pa f l] a. 效力大的,强有力的,强大的
16. practical [ pr kt k( )l] a. 实际的,适用的
practice(s)e [ pr kt s] n. 练习
17. prefer [pr f (r)] vt.宁愿(选择),更喜欢
preference [ pref r ns] n. 选择,趋向
18. preparation [prep re ( )n] n. 准备
prepare [pr pe (r)] vt. 准备,预备,调制,配制
19.press [ prez d nt] vt.压,按 n.新闻界,出版社
pressure [ pre (r)] n. 压迫,压力,压强
20. probable [ pr b b( )l] a.很可能,很有希望的
probably [ pr b b( )l ] ad. 很可能,大概
21. produce [pr dju s; (US) - du s] vt. 生产;制造
product [ pr d kt] n. 产品,制品
production [pr d k ( )n] n. 生产;制造
22. pronounce [pr na ns] vt. 发音
pronunciation [pr n ns e ( )n] n. 发音
23. proper [ pr p (r)] a. 恰当的,合适的
properly [ pr p l ] ad. 适当地
24. protect [pr tekt] vt. 保护
protection [pr tek ( )n] n. 保护
25. proud [pra d] a. 自豪的;骄傲的
pride [pra d] n. 自豪,骄傲
26. puzzle [ p z( )l] n. 难题,(字、画)谜
puzzled [ p z( )l] a. 迷惑的,困惑的
R
1. rain [re n] n. 雨,雨水 vi. 下雨
rainy [ re n ] a. 下雨的;多雨的
2. real [ri l] a. 真实的,确实的
reality [r l t ] n. 现实
realise (美realize) [ r la z] vt.认识到,实现
really v [ r l ] ad. 真正地;到底;确实
3. reason [ ri z( )n] vi.评理,劝说n.理由,原因
reasonable [ ri z n b( )l] a. 合乎情理的
4. refusal [r fju z( )l] n. 拒绝
refuse [r fju z] vi. 拒绝,不愿
5. relate [r le t] vi. 有关; 涉及
relation [r le ( )n] n. 关系; 亲属
relationship [r le n p] n. 关系
relative [ rel t v] n. 亲属,亲戚
6. rely [r la ] v. 依赖,依靠
reliable [r la b( )l] a. 可信赖的,可依靠的
7. religion [r l d n] n. 宗教
religious [r l d s] a. 宗教的
8. require [r kwa (r)] vt. 需求;要求
requirement [r kwa m nt] n. 需要; 要求; 必要的条件
9. reservation [rez ve ( )n] n. 预定
reserve [r z v] n. & v. 储备;预定
S
1.sad [s d] a. (使人)悲伤的
sadness [ s dn s] n. 悲哀,忧伤
2. safe [se f] a. 安全的 n. 保险柜
safety [ se ft ] n. 安全,保险
3. sail [se l] n. 航行 v. 航行,开航
sailing [ se l ] n. 航海
sailor [ se l (r)] n. 水手,海员
4. salt [s lt, s lt] n. 盐
salty [ s lt , s lt ] a. 盐的,咸的,含盐的
5. scene [s n] n. (戏剧、电影等的)一场,场景,布景
scenery [ si n r ] n. 风景,景色,风光
6.science [ sa ns] n. 科学,自然科学
scientific [sa n t f k] a. 科学的
scientist [ sa nt st] n. 科学家
7. secure [s kj (r)] a.安心的,有把握的,牢靠的
security [s kj r t ] n. 安全,平安
8. serve [s v] vt. 招待(顾客等),服务
service [ s v s] n. 服务
9. settle [ set( )l] vi. 安家,定居
settlement [ set lm nt] n. 新拓居地;(美)部落,村落
settler [ setl (r)] n. 移居者,开拓者
10.sick [s k] a.有病,患病的,(想)呕吐
sickness [ s kn s] n. 疾病
11. silence[ sa l ns] n. 安静,沉默
silent sa l nt] a. 无声的,无对话的
12. simple[ s mp( )l] a. 简单的,简易的
simplify[ s mpl fa ] v. 使简化,使简易
simply [ s mpl ] ad.简单地,(加强语气)的确
13. skill [ski ] n. 技能,技巧
skilled [ski ] a. 熟练的;有技能的
skillful [ sk lf( )l]a. 熟练,精湛的,灵巧的
skillfully ['skilfuli] ad. 精湛地,巧妙地
14. sleep [sli p]n. 睡觉
sleep (slept, slept) [sli p] vi. 睡觉
sleepy [sli p]a. 想睡的,困倦的,瞌睡的
15.smell (smelt, smelt 或-ed,-ed) [smel] v. 嗅,闻到;发气味 n. 气味
smelly [ smel ] a. 有臭味的,发出臭味的
16.smoke [sma l] n. 烟 v. 冒烟;吸烟
smoker [ sm k (r)] n. 吸烟者
smoking [ sm k ]n. 吸烟,抽烟;冒烟
17.snow [sn ] n. 雪 vi.下雪
snowy [ sn ] a. 雪(白)的;下雪的;多(积)雪的
18.social [ s ( )l]a. 社会的;社交的
socialism [ s l z( )m] n. 社会主义
socialist [ s l st] a. 社会主义的
society [s sa t ]n. 社会
19.spirit [ sp r t]n. 精神
spiritual [ sp r t l]a. 精神的; 心灵的
20. strength [stre θ] n. 力量,力气
strengthen [ stre θ( )n] vt. 加强,增强
strong [str ; (US) str ɡ] a. 强(壮)的;坚固的;强烈的;坚强的
21. succeed [s k si d] vi. 成功
success [s k ses] n. 成功
successful [s k sesf l] a. 成功的,有成就的
22. suffer [ s f (r)] vi. 受苦,遭受
suffering [ s f r ] n. 痛苦,苦难
23. suggest [s d est; (US) s ɡ d est] vt. 建议,提议
suggestion [s d est ( )n] n. 建议
24. sun [s n] n. 太阳,阳光
sunny [ s n ] a. 晴朗的;阳光充足的
25. surround [s ra nd]vt. 围绕;包围
surrounding [s ra nd ] a. 周围的
26. survival [s va v( )l] n. 存活,幸存
survive [s va v] v.生存,存活,幸免于难
T
1. technical [ tekn k( )l] a. 技术的,工艺的
technique [ tekn k( )l] n. 技术;技巧,方法
technology [tek n l d ] n. 技术
2. thank [θ k] vt. 感谢,致谢,道谢 n. (复)感谢,谢意
thankful [ θ kf l] a. 感谢的,感激的
3. theoretical [θ ret k( )l] a. 理论的
theory [θ ret k( )l] n. 理论
4. thirst [θ d] n. 渴; 口渴
thirsty [ θ st ] a. 渴
5. tire [ ta (r)] vi. 使疲劳
tired [ ta d] a. 疲劳的,累的
tiresome a. 令人厌倦的
6. total [ t t( )l] a. 总数的;总括的;完全的,全然的 n.合计,总计 v.合计为
totally [ t t( )l ] ad. 总合地,完全地
7. tour [t (r)] n. 参观, 观光, 旅行
tourism [ t r z( )m] n. 旅游业;观光
tourist [ t r st] vn. 旅行者,观光者
8. tradition [tr d ( )n] n. 传统,风俗
traditional [tr d ( )n] a. 传统的,风俗的
9. train [tre n] n. 火车 v. 培训,训练
trainer [tre n (r)] n. 训练人;教练
training [ tre n ] n. 培训
10. translate [tr ns le t] vt. 翻译
translation [tr ns le ( )n] n. 翻译;译文
translator [tr ns'leit ] n. 翻译家,译者
11. travel [ tr v( )l] n.& vi.旅行
traveler [ tr v l (r)] n. 旅行者
12. treat [tri t] vt. 对待,看待
treatment [ tri tm nt] n. 治疗,疗法
13. trouble [ tr b( )l] vt. 使苦恼,使忧虑,使麻烦 n.问题,疾病,烦恼,麻烦
troublesome [ tr b( )ls m] a.令人烦恼, 讨厌
14. true [tru ] a. 真的,真实的;忠诚的
truly [ tru l ] ad. 真正地,真实地
truth [tru θ] n. 真理,事实,真相,实际
15. type [ ta p] vt. 打字
typist [ ta p st] n. 打字员
U-V
1.unfortunate [ n f ld] a. 不幸的
unfortunately [ n f tj n tl ] ad. 不幸地
2. use [ju z] n.& vt.利用,使用,应用
useful [ ju sf l] a. 有用的,有益的
useless [ ju sl s] a. 无用的
user [ ju z ] n. 使用者;用户
3. usual [ ju l] a. 通常的,平常的
usually [ ju l ] ad. 通常,经常
4. valuable [ v lj b( )l] a. 值钱的,贵重的
value [ v lju ] n. 价值,益处
V-W
1.variety [v ra t ] n. 种种,种类
various [ ve r s] a. 各种各样的,不同的
2. violence [ va l ns] n. 暴力行为
violent [ va l nt] a. 暴力的
3. violin [va l n] n. 小提琴
violinist [va l n st] n. 提琴家,提琴手
4. visit [ vi z ] n.& vt. 参观,访问,拜访
visitor [ v z t (r)] n. 访问者,参观者
5. wait [we t] vi. 等,等候
waiter [ we t (r)] n. (餐厅)男服务员
waitress [tres] n. 女服务员
6. warm [w m] a. 暖和的,温暖的;热情的
warmth [w mθ] n. 暖和,温暖
7. weak [wi k] a. 差的,弱的,淡的
weakness [ wi kn s] n. 软弱
8. wealth [welθ] n. 财产,财富
wealthy [ welθ ] a. 富的
9. week [wi k] n. 星期,周
weekday [ wi kde ] n. 平日
weekend [wi k end, wi kend] n. 周末
weekly [ wi kl ] a. 每周的
10. weigh [we ] vt. 称…的重量,重(若干)
weight [we t] n. 重,重量
11. wind [w nd] n. 风
windy [ w nd ] a. 有风的,多风的
12. wisdom [ w zd m] n. 智慧
wise [wa z] a. 聪明,英明的,有见识的
13. wonder [ w nd (r)] v. 对…疑惑,感到惊奇,想知道 n. 惊讶,惊叹;奇迹
wonderful [ w nd f l] a. 美妙的,精彩的;了不起的;太好了
14. wood [ w nd f l] n.木头,木材,(复)树木,森林
wooden [ w d( )n] a. 木制的
15. woo [w l] l n. 羊毛,羊绒
woollen ['wulin] a. 羊毛的,羊毛制的
16. work [w k] n. 工作,劳动,事情 vi. 工作;(机器、器官等)运转,活动
workday ['w :kdei] n. 工作日
worker [ w k (r)] n. 工人;工作者
workforce ['w :kf :s] n. 劳动力
workmate ['w :kf :s] n. 同事;工友
workplace [w kple s] n.工作场所,车间
works [w ks] n. 著作,作品
17. worried ['w r d /'w -] a. 担心的,烦恼的
worry [ w r ] n.& v.烦恼,担忧,发怒,困扰
18. worth [w θ] a. 有…的价值,值得…的
worthless [ w θl s] a.没有价值,没有用的
worthwhile [w θ wa l] a. 值得做的
worthy [w θ wa l] a. 值得的
语法填空常考词汇表二
1. -able是形容词后缀, 表示“能……的, 可……的; 具有……”
movable 可移动的
believable 可相信的
enjoyable 令人愉快的
changeable 易变的
favourable adj. 赞同的
respectable adj. 可敬的
adaptable adj. 可适应的
deniable adj. 可否认的
reasonable adj. 合理的
2.表示程度 -ly的副词
entirely adv. 完全地, 全部地
completely adv. 完全地, 十分地.
extremely adv. 非常, 极其
totally adv. 完全
perfectly完美地
3. -ship表示状态; 性质; 品质; 地位; 职位
scholarship 奖学金 friendship 友谊
leadership 领导地位 relationship 关系
hardship 苦难 membership 成员资格
professorship 教授职位 membership 全体成员
ownership 所有权
4. -ing/-ed”结尾的形容词聚焦
shocking令人震惊的 shocked感到震惊的
frightening令人恐惧的 frightened受惊的
terrifying令人害怕的 terrified感到害怕的
disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的
surprising令人吃惊的 surprised感到吃惊的
5. 后缀-al加在动词或名词后面构成形容词或名词, 表示“事物的动作, 过程”
original 原来的, 起初
traditional 传统的
personal 个人的
occasional 偶尔; 有时候
emotional 情感的
nutritional adj. 营养(物)的
refusal n. 拒绝, 回绝; 谢绝
arrival n. 到来; 到达; 到达者
survival n. 幸存(者); 继续生存
approval n. 赞成, 赞同, 赞许; 批准
practical 实践的
essential 不可或缺的
mental 精神的
vital 重要的
electrical 与电有关的
physical 身体的
6. 后缀-ing在动词后构成形容词, “令人……的”
frightening 吓人的; 可怕的
exciting 令人兴奋的; 令人激动的
encouraging 令人鼓舞的
moving 令人感动的
astonishing 令人震惊的
7. 形容词变为名词将词尾的-t变成-ce的单词
dependent adj. 依靠的→dependence n. 依靠
existent adj. 存在的→existence n. 存在
important adj. 重要的→importance n. 重要性
patient adj. 有耐心的→patience n. 耐心
convenient adj. 方便的→convenience n. 方便
independent adj. 独立的→independence
absent adj. 缺席的, 缺少的→absence
significant adj. 重大的; 有意义的→significance
brilliant adj.灿烂的; 杰出的→brilliance
8. 动词+ing→形容词
embarrass vt.→embarrassing adj. 让人难堪的
disappoint vt.→disappointing adj. 令人失望的
excite vt.→exciting adj. 令人兴奋的
interest vt.→interesting adj. 有趣的
frighten v.→frightening adj. 令人恐惧的
warn vt →warning adj. 警告的; 告诫的
move vt→moving adj. 令人感动的
touch vt→touching adj. 动人的; 令人感伤的
dare vt→daring adj. 勇敢的; 大胆的; 蛮横的
interest vt→interesting adj. 有趣味的
surprise vt→surprising adj. 惊人的; 奇异的; 意外的
9.后缀-ion, -sion, -tion加在动词后面, 表示“行为的过程, 结果, 状况”
indication n. 表明
hesitation n. 犹豫
graduation n. 毕业
translation n. 翻译
accommodation n. 住宿
prohibition n. 禁止; 阻止; 禁令
action n. 行动, 作用
conclusion n. 结论; 推论; 最后的决定
construction n. 建设; 建筑
expression n. 表达; 词句; 表情
position 位置
action 行动; 行为
invention 发明
collection 收藏; 收藏品
instruction 指示; 说明
-sion 名词后缀
extension 延长, 扩展
profession 职业
decision 决定
conclusion 结论
expansion 扩张
10. 后缀-ment加在动词后面构成名词, 表示“行为、状态、过程、手段及其结果”
commitment n. 承诺; 交托
treatment n. 对待; 治疗
movement n. 运动; 移动
judgment n. 审判; 判决
punishment n. 罚, 处罚; 刑罚
11. 以-ness结尾的名词
ill→illness 疾病
kind→kindness 仁慈; 好意
soft→ softness 柔软
dark→ darkness 黑暗
happy→happiness 幸福; 快乐
12. 以“-ify”结尾的动词荟萃
简化 simplify
美化 beautify
净化 purify
鉴定; 识别出 identify
分类 classify
使恐惧 horrify
13. 以-ial结尾的形容词
influential有影响力的
artificial人工的
official官方的
beneficial有益的
social社会的
essential至关重要的
facial面部的
potential潜在的
special特殊的
racial种族的
14. 后缀-ern构成的方位形容词
eastern 东方的; 东部的; 来自东方的
western 西方的; 西部的; 来自西方的
southern 南方的; 南部的; 来自南方的
northern 北方的; 北部的; 来自北方的
northwestern 西北方的; 来自西北的
southeastern 东南方的; 来自东南的
15. un-常用于形容词前构成反义词
un+believable→unbelievable 难以置信的
un+happy→unhappy 不幸福的
un+kind→unkind 不友善的
un+fit→unfit 不健康的
un+comfortable→uncomfortable 不舒适的
16. “n. +后缀-y”构成形容词
foggy 有浓雾的
healthy 健康的
noisy 嘈杂的
tasty 美味的
smelly 有味的
好题冲关
1.The ____ (fly) was cancelled as a result of the terrible weather.
2.His ____ (careless) resulted in his failure in the math contest.
3.And day after day, the once beautiful river has turned into a _________(smell) dustbin.
4.Since then, there has been no _________(office) communication with the kidnappers(绑架者).
5.It was ________(extreme) difficult to build such a wall in the ancient days without any modern machine.
6.Your ideas are very interesting, but we need ________(practice) suggestions to get us out of trouble.
7.Men and women have to sit in separate areas-----the men with the bridegroom, and the women with the bride, at wedding_________(receive).
8.A ________(retire) engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years.
9.He found he could no longer deal with his _______ (demand) job.
10.I must make an _____(apologize) to him for not going to his party.
11.Some media _________ the conflict was under control, but there has still been no official _________ . (confirm)
12._________, I thought I could adapt to the climate there.(initial)
13.Even if you _________ once again,it doesn't suggest that you are a _________. (fail)
14.Kara's phone has been ringing _____. We are really bored with the _____. (frequent)
15.Due to a small fire, the office will be closed _____, but it will be open very soon. (temporary)
16.When food had been _____ to the villagers, they complained that its _____ was not fair. (distribute)
17.Seeing the cat killed in the _____, the little girl trembled _____. (violent)
18.The great _________ united the small states into a powerful _________. (empire)
19.Her face was covered with _________, which made it look rather _________ than usual. (dirty)
20.Though with _________ feet, the girl _________ felt a bit cold. (bare)
21.The pretty girl looked _________, and no one could match with her _________. (elegant)
22.He _________ the skills required for the job, so we didn't admit him into our group due to _________ of interest. (lack)
23.My daughter _________ described what she had heard and seen in the wildlife zoo. (vivid)
24.My boss _____ me to work overtime every day, and I had an _____ to hit him. (urge)
25.They are discussing how to build up a (power) government.
26.But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's _____(wonder).
27.__________(compare) with letters, e-mails are more convenient in communication nowadays.
28.Children are allowed much more __________(free) these days.
29.They fought a long battle against prejudice and __________(ignorant).
30.South Africa has submitted an __________(apply) to host the World Cup.
31.He took a very __________(science) approach to management.
32.We moved into a cabin with _________(electric) hut no running water.
33.He remained the most popular _________(politic) in Arkansas.
34.The buildings have been designed to blend in with their _________(surround).
35.The author's __________(intend) is to keep everyone guessing until the bitter end.
36.His only chance of __________(survive)was a heart transplant.
37.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of _________(entertain).
38.Join us to taste a _________(various) of fresh local food and drinks.
39.Since most students are in need of a nap, proper ________(arrange) should be made so that students can have a good rest after a whole morning's hard work.
40.They believe the civilisation of a city can be judged by people's ________(aware) of animal protection.
41.While I have only listed two of each, there are ________(obvious) many other situations that can arise.
42.The people in the hall seemed very nosy, keeping their eyes on me with _________(curious).
43.There are energy savings to be made from all __________(recycle) materials, sometimes
huge savings.
44.Operators said the dark spot is about two times the ________(long) of the United States.
45.If she had been aware that the mushrooms were __________(poison), she would not have picked them for dinner.
46.Both locally and _______(global) , the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.
47.However, the two zookeepers didn't want to see the ________(extinct) of this precious species.
48.There are many ways to increase ________(agriculture) efficiency in the poorer areas of the world.
49.The ________(disappear) of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.
50.The title will be __________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
51.This kind of soil is not (suit) for growing peanuts.
52.It is essential to get good _________(profession) advice.
53.The method is _________(specific) designed for use in small groups.
54.I think it was ___________ that they should have been aware of the ___________ of the rules. (significance)
55.In the experiment, we want to know the _________ data, so you must assure the _________. (accurate)
56.I am beginning to feel embarrassed at my complete _____ (ignore) of world history.
57.This kind of soil is not _____ (suit) for growing peanuts.
58.It is _______ (legal) to drive after drinking alcohol in our country.
59.The fish is a bit ____ (smell). We can't eat it.
60.____ (unfortunate), Chaplin and his friend didn't find any gold but were caught in a snowstorm.
【2024】
【2023】
构词法在语法填空与短文改错中的考点
1.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Since June 2017, right before the ___56___ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___57___ (confidence) speaking English. ...They also need to be ready to give ___61___ (interview) in English with international journalists.
2.【2023年全国甲卷】However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty __69___ (warn) about environmental destruction.
3.【2023年全国乙卷】The ____49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
4.【2023年全国乙卷】However, instead of the brownish red hair she had hoped for, she final got purple hair.
5.【2023年全国乙卷】At least one thing proved truth: the color wouldn’t wash out.
6.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】So, what are they learning ___63___ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
7.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ___56____ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
8.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ____64____ (rare) enough, yet two
seems greedy, so I am always left _____65_____ (want) more next time.
9.【2023年全国甲卷】 ___47___ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 10.【2023年全国甲卷】The bees, butterfly and many other insects looked lovely and beautifully on the stamps.
【2022】
11. (2022年全国甲卷语法填空)
...Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___A 64___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___65___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___66___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
12.(2022年全国甲卷短文改错)I felt so closely to him. 13.(2022年全国乙卷语法填空)
...As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a 65 (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
14. (2022年全国乙卷短文改错)We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise....
15. (2022年全国高考新高考I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___63___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
构词法在阅读理解中的运用
写出下列段落中划线词的构词形式及汉语意思
1.(2023年新高考I卷C篇)The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.
2.(2022年全国乙卷)Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.
2.(2022年新高考I卷)Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as
Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
【2021】
1. (2021年新高考I卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
2. (2021年全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people…
3. (2021年全国乙卷)… and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___(develop)of the local areas.
4. (2021年全国乙卷) Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.___69___(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)
5. (2021年1月浙江卷)It is calculated by dividing a 30. (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared.
6. (2021年6月浙江卷)…Charles Dresser, who performed their ___38___ (marry)ceremony in 1842.
7.(2021年新高考I卷)It will 58 (undoubted) help you get refreshed!
17..(2021年全国甲卷)… to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ____50____ (day) routines.
8.(2021年全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61 _ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics,…
9. Provide 68 (finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
10.(2021年1月浙江卷)But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 35(sharp).