2024年中考英语语法复习-宾语从句(共28张PPT)

(共28张PPT)
中考英语语法
宾语从句
知识梳理
01
读一读下列句子，找一找相同点：
Bill thinks that the races were not that interesting to watch.
Maey thinks that the teams were fantastic.
Bill wonders whether they’ll have zongzi next year.
Bill and Mary believe that they’ll be back next year to watch then races.
I think that they are fun to watch.
But I guess it was a little too crowded.
I think that we ate five meals a day!
Bill wonders whether they’ll have zongzi again next year.
wonder作动此处意为“想知道；想弄明白”，相当于 want to know。
I wonder what the new teacher will be like.
我想知道新老师是什么样。
I wonder whether…意为“我想知道是否……”,相当于I wonder if 是一个请求允许的交际用语，询问对方是否允许自己做某事。
I wonder whether /if I could use your bike.
我想知道我是否能用一下你的自行车。
宾语从句：
概念：在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句由“关联词+主语+谓语”构成。
引导宾语从句的关联词有that, if, whether, what, who, where, why和how等。
宾语从句的三要素：
一、关联词：that, if, whether, what, who, where, why和 how等。
二、时态：当主句用一般过去时态时，宾语从句要用相应的过去时态。当主句用一般现在时态时，从句可以是任何时态。
三、语序：宾语从句用陈述句语序，即 “主语+谓语”。如：
e.g. He asked me where my father worked.
I don’t know who the tall girl is.
宾语从句
宾语从句的引导词
发现：1. 直接引语是陈述句转换成间接引语时，宾语从句用that引导。
that 无意义，可以省略。如1. 2.句。
2. 直接引语是一般疑问句或反意疑问句变成间接引语时，宾语从句
用if\whether引导。if\whether不能省略。如3. 5.句。
He says, “Tom is a good student ”.
He says ________________________.
that Tom is a good student.
“They will go to visit the Great Wall, won’t they ” he asked.
He asked __________________________________________.
if (whether) they would go to visit the Great Wall
3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句变成间接引语时，宾语从句用原来的who\what 等特殊疑问词引导。特殊疑问词不能省略。如4. 6.句。
“How can we get to the post office ” I wonder.
I wonder ____________________________.
how we can get to the post office
宾语从句
2.宾语从句的引导词
疑问词引导的宾语从句
疑问词what, who, whom, whose, which，when, where, how, why可引导宾语从句，它们在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等。
I don’t know who will teach us chemistry. （作主语）
I wonder what I need to prepare next. （作宾语）
We wonder whose this car is. （作表语）
Could you tell me which bus I can take to the art museum （作定语）
注意： 当疑问代词在宾语从句中作主语时，宾语从句语序不变；另外含有宾语从句的句子的句末标点由主句决定。
Can you tell me when she will be back
He didn’t know how he could get there.
宾语从句
2.宾语从句的引导词
注意:一般情况下，whether与if可以互换，但有些情况例外.
1.I don’t know whether he will come or not.
2. It depends on whether it is going to rain.
3.He wondered whether to stay here the next week.
4.Whether he will come is not decided.
与or not 连用只能用whether
介词后只能用whether
与to do 不定式连用只能用whether
作主语只能用whether
if 在宾语从句和条件状语从句的区别.
I don't know if it will rain tomorrow.
If it rains, I'll stay at home.
是否
用于宾语从句
如果
用于条件状语从句
主将从现
宾语从句的语序
由whether/ if和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句要用陈述语序，原来的倒装语序改成陈述语序时注意相应的助动词和动词的变化等。
Where does your father work Can you tell us →
Can you tell us where your father works
你能告诉我们你爸爸在哪里工作吗？
Did you get home very late He asked me. →
He asked me if I got home very late. 他问我是否到家很晚。
时态
(1) 如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。
例如：
My teacher says he will be back in a week. （一般将来时）
我的老师说他将在一个星期后回来。
My teacher says he is watching TV. （现在进行时）
我的老师说他正在看电视。
My teacher says he has seen the movie. （现在完成时）
我的老师说他已经看过这部电影了。
(2）如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态。
例如：
My father said he was watching TV at that time.（过去进行时）
我爸爸说在那个时候他在看电视。
My father said the he had already seen the movie. （过去完成时）
我爸爸说他已经看过那部电影了。
注意：如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时，用一般现在时。
例如：
Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth. （一般现在时）
我们的老师告诉我们太阳比地球大多了。
Excuse me. Could/Can you tell me how I can get to the restaurant
陈述语序
这几句由how和where引导的宾语从句, 在句中作动词tell和know的宾语。
Excuse me. Could/Can you tell me where the restaurant is
Excuse me. Do you know where I can have dinner
陈述语序
陈述语序
宾语从句必须用陈述语序。
whether VS if
whether：“是否”；是……(还是)，表示迟疑或两个可能性之间的选择或两种情况都真实，其后可与or (not) 连用。可引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、让步状语从句等，引导主语从句时可置于句首。
if：“是否”，引导宾语从句。一般不与or (not)连用。也可引导状语从句，意为“如果”。
一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。
a. 当从句作介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if　
eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the picnic.
b. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用whether.
eg, Please let me know what to do next.　　
Could you tell me whether u go or not 　　
c. if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether.
宾语从句否定转移
I think, “she isn’t clever.” （否定句）
=I _____ think ______ ____ clever.
don’t she is
主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来。
I don’t think he will come with you.我认为他将不和你一起来。
附连词 if 和 when 在宾语从句和状语从句中的区别
1. Do you know if it _____tomorrow If it _____, we won’t go to the park .
A. rains, will rain B. rains, rains
C. will rain, rains D. will rain, will rain
C
2. I don’t know when he _________ (come) . I can’t wait here any more . When he _______ (come), please ask him to call me.
will come
comes
宾语从句的注意事项
（1）宾语从句中that可以省略
I know you are right.
（2）当宾语从句的内容是真理性的东西，或者“现在”还是事实的情况的时候，尽管主句用到的是过去时态，从句不受主句时态影响，可以用各种时态。
They were taught that earth moves around the sun.
当时就有人教过他们，地球是围绕太阳转的
宾语从句口诀
宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。
展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。
主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。
陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连。
特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。
三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意。
留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间。
宾语从句
定义
从属连词
时态
用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句，从句部分用陈述语序。
that
if和whether
当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时，由that来引导从句，其中的that无具体意义，在口语中可以省略。例如：I believe (that) our team will win the basketball match.
当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时，可用if或whether来引导，意为“是否”。例如：David asked her if/whether she slept well last night.
主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态可根据具体情况而定；主句是一般过去时，宾语从句也常用过去时态。
宾语从句表示客观事实或真理时，其时态不受主句限制，用一般现在时。例如：Dad told me that the sun rises in the east.
模拟练习
02
宾语从句练习
1. Where can I get some food
I wonder_________________________.
2. How will we buy these books
He asked________________________________.
3. How does this player work
She asked________________________.
4. Is there a band playing here
We wondered_______________________________.
5. Can you swim
I asked you________________________.
where I can get some food
how they would buy these books
how this player worked
if there was a band playing here
whether you could swim
think/ Lantern Festival/ beautiful
I think that the Lantern Festival is beautiful.
2. don’t know/ whether/ he/ come home/ for the festival
3. believe/ Water Festival/ most/ fun
4. wonder/ if/ mooncakes/ delicious
5. how/ exciting/ races
6. what/ interesting/ city
I don’t know whether he will come home for the festival.
I believe the Water Festival is the most fun.
I wonder if mooncakes are delicious.
How exciting the races are!
What an interesting city!
1．—Do you know ______ the Capital Museum
— Next Friday.
A. when will they visit
B．when they will visit
C. when did they visit
D．when they visited
2．He wanted to know _______ the English party.
A．when will we have
B．when we will have
C．when would we have
D．when we should have
3．I want to know ________．
A．when we should arrive at the airport
B．when should we arrive at the airport
C．when the airport we should arrive at
D．when the airport should we arrive at
4．—David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me ______
—He is a doctor.
A．Who is he B．who he is
C．what is he D．what he is
1. B。句意：——你知道他们什么时候参观首都博物馆吗 ——下周五。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述句语序，故排除A、C两项；又由答句可知应该用将来时，故排除D项。
2. D。句意：他想知道我们什么时候举办英语联欢会。本题考查宾语从句的用法。当主句是一般过去时态的时候，宾语从句用相应的过去时态，而A、B两项都是一般将来时，故被排除；宾语从句用陈述句语序，而C项是疑问语序，也被排除。
3. A。句意：我想知道我们应该什么时候到达机场。本题考查宾语从句。动词know后面接的是宾语从句，由宾语从句要用陈述语序可排除B和D两项；又因为C项中the airport的位置不对，故选A。
4. D。 句意：——David，看那边那个穿白衣服的人，你能告诉我他是干什么的吗 ——他是医生。本题考查宾语从句。由答句可知询问的是职业，所以用疑问词what；又因为宾语从句要用陈述句语序，故选D。
thanks