Module 12　 Help Unit 3知识点学案（含答案）外研版英语八年级上册

Module 12　 Help
Unit 3
语法精讲细练
一、情态动词表推测
【语法感悟】
1.那可能会造成伤害。
That could be harmful.
2.贝蒂,你肯定知道!
Betty, you must know!
【语法解读】
【拓展】
1.由情态动词could构成的一般疑问句用于向对方提出要求或征求对方的许可,表示委婉的语气,不表示过去时。可以用“Could you... ”也可用“Could you please... ”后跟动词原形。
2.肯定答语用sure, OK, all right, of course, certainly, no problem等。
3.否定回答用“Sorry, I can’t.I have to...”或“I’m afraid I can’t.”等。
温馨提示:回答没有固定的形式,但要符合上下文的情境,不要答非所问,要考虑说话者的实际感受,不要太生硬,避免伤害说话人的感情。
二、祈使句
【语法感悟】
1.远离窗户和笨重的家具。
Stay away from windows and heavy furniture.
2.不要站在路灯附近或者电线下面。
Don’t stand near street lights or under power lines.
【语法解读】
　　祈使句是用来表示命令、提醒、请求和建议等意义的句子。它的主语you通常省略,谓语动词用原形,表达的是将来的动作。为了表示委婉的语气,可在句首或句尾加上 please,但please加在句尾,前面要用逗号隔开。也可以在句首或句尾加称呼语。句末用感叹号或句号。
1.肯定形式
形式 说明 例句
Do型 动词原形(+宾语)+其他成分 Look after yourself, Tom. 汤姆,照顾好自己。
Be型 Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其他成分 Be careful to cross the road. 横过马路要小心。
Let型 Let+宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分。let us往往表示请求,let’s 往往表示提出建议 Let him go alone. 让他自己去吧。 Let us go together. 我们一起去吧。
无动 词型 某些名词、形容词或副词等在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略 This way, please. 请这边走。 Hands up, please!请举手!
2.否定形式
形式 说明 例句
Do型 Don’t+动词原形(+宾语)+ 其他成分 Don’t forget me! 不要忘记我!
Be型 Don’t + be +表语(名词或形容词)+ 其他成分 Don’t be late for school! 上学不要迟到!
Let型 (1)Don’t + let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分 (2)Let+宾语 +not+动词原形+ 其他成分 Don’t let him go./Let him not go. 别让他走。
警示型 No +n./v.-ing Never do sth. No photos!禁止拍照! No smoking!禁止吸烟! Never swim alone.不要独自去游泳。
【语法精练】
Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空
1.There is a chance of rocks falling.You could get hurt.
2.Mary can’t be at home.I saw her in the library just now.
3.It must be Tom’s.Look at his name on the cover!
4.—Is that man Mr Zhang
—It can’t be him.He went to Beijing for a meeting yesterday.
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.(2023·济南中考) Don’t swim (not swim) in this river.It’s quite deep.
2.No parking (park) here, sir.Please move your car away.
3.Let’s not tell (not tell) the news to him.It’s a secret.
4.Jim, finish (finish) your homework on time,or your mum will punish you.
写作素养进阶
主题分析——指明方向
主题:本模块写作情境属于“人与自然”主题范畴中的“灾害防范”,涉及子主题“自然灾害与防范措施”和“人身安全与自我保护”。
内容:用祈使句和情态动词来描写身处险境时可以采取的相应措施。
要求:能正确使用祈使句和包含情态动词的相关句型。
典例研磨——示范引领
地震这一自然现象时有发生,并且有很大危害。那么地震时,我们应该怎么做呢
Step 1　三定审题
1.定人称:以第二人称为主
2.定时态:以一般现在时为主
3.定核心:发生地震时能做和不能做的事情
Step 2　谋篇布局
Step 3　遣词造句
推敲词汇:
1.突然发生　　　　　　happen suddenly
2.保持安全的方法 ways to keep safe
3.在地震期间 during an earthquake
4.保持冷静 keep calm
5.躲在桌子底下 hide under a table
6.停止摇晃 stop shaking
7.远离 stay/move away from
8.遵循建议 follow suggestions
基础句式:
1.在地震期间,我们应该想办法保证安全。
We should think of ways to keep safe during an earthquake.
2.保持镇静,并且按照老师告诉你的去做每一件事。
Keep calm and do everything as the teacher tells you to.
3.不要移动,并且待在你所在的位置。
Do not move and stay where you are.
4.地面停止晃动。
The ground stops shaking.
5.如果可能的话,你可以去操场。
If possible, you can go to the playground.
6.遵循这些建议。
Follow these suggestions.
7.你能够在地震中保证安全。
You can be safe in an earthquake.
升级句式:
1.将基础句式3和4用until升级
Do not move and stay where you are until the ground stops shaking.
2.将基础句式6和7用if升级为条件状语从句
If you follow these suggestions, you can be safe in an earthquake.
Step 4　润色成篇
　　How to keep safe during an earthquake Earthquakes happen suddenly and they are terrible.So we should think of ways to keep safe during an earthquake. First, keep calm and do everything① as the teacher tells you to.Second, hide① under a table quickly.Do not move and stay①where you are until the ground stops shaking②.Stay away from① windows.Third, move away from① tall buildings.If possible, you can go to the playground③. These are useful suggestions.If you follow these suggestions, you can be safe in an earthquake. 仿照课文开篇点明地震的可怕和突发性,切入主题。 ①运用了大量的祈使句,简洁明了地描述了自救措施。 ②使用until来连接两个基础句,提升作文档次。 ③恰当使用了情态动词表达建议。 结尾总述点题。
实战写作——迁移创新
假如你是李华,你的英国笔友David来信想了解你们学校在暑假期间对学生的要求。请你根据以下要点给他回一封电子邮件。
·家庭安全:小心用火用电,外出时关好门窗;
·游泳安全:不独自去游泳,不去河、湖里游泳;
·交通安全:过马路要当心,不在马路上玩耍。提示词:electricity 电
要求:1.80词左右;
2.请不要逐句翻译,可适当发挥;
3.邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。
Dear David,
Glad to receive your email.__________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear David,
Glad to receive your email.Our school has made many safety rules for us to follow.Let me tell you something about them.
We must be careful with electricity when we are using it.It is dangerous to play with fire, because it may cause terrible accidents.We should make sure doors and windows are shut before we leave.Besides, do not go swimming alone, especially in deep rivers or lakes.If we really want to, we must go to the swimming pool with our parents or teachers.What’s more, following traffic rules is also very important.Everyone should watch out when crossing the road.And our school warns us not to play on the road.
I think these rules are necessary as safety comes first.
Yours,
Li Hua
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