Unit 10 You are supposed to shake hands..知识点总结归纳【人教版英语九年级全册】

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Unit 10 You are supposed to shake hands.
Section A
1. In your country, what are you supposed to do when you meet someone for the first time (P73)
(1) be supposed to do sth 被期望做某事,应该做......
We are supposed to be here at six.
You are supposed to be responsible for them.
The train was supposed to arrive half an hour ago.
(2) be not supposed to do sth 不被期望做某事, 不应该做......
Children are not supposed to play soccer in the street.
2. You are supposed to shake hands. (P73)
shake 动词 意为“摇动；摆动”。过去式和过去分词为：shook, shaken。
shake hands “握手”
shake hands with sb. = shake sb by the hand“与某人握手”。
We usually shake hands with each other.
shake one's hand “握某人的手”。
She shook her mother’s hand.
In the United States, they're expected to shake hands.(P73)
expect 动词，“期望，预料，期待”。
（1）be expected to do sth. “被期望做某事/应该做某事”。
He was expected to go to university.
John is expected to come to the party today.
expect to do sth. “期待做某事”。
I expect to come back next week.
I expect to see him at once.
expect sb. to do sth. “期待某人做某事”。
I expect you to do your duty.
But a funny thing happened. (P74)
An accident happened in our neighborhood just now.
A car accident happened to Tom yesterday.
We happened to meet her.
5. Finally, I returned the bow. (P74)
return 及物动词，“归还”。return sth to...
=give sth back to...
不及物动词，“返回”。=come/go back
Don’t forget to return the books to me.
What time does your son return from school.
6. I held out my hand and to my surprise, she kissed me on both sides of my face! (P74)
(1) hold out 伸出
hold on 抓住; 继续; 坚持; (打电话用语)别挂断...
hold up 举起
hold back 阻碍; 退缩
（2） to one's surprise “让某人吃惊的是”
in surprise “惊奇地”
be surprised at... “对……感到吃惊”
be surprised to do sth. “做某事令人惊讶”
To my surprise, she got a perfect score in the English exam.
Rose looked at her mother in surprise.
We are very surprised at the news.
I was surprised to see you here.
3a
7. We value the time we spend with our family and friends in our everyday lives. (P75)
(1) value 动词, “重视；珍视 ”。名词, “价值”。
valuable adj. “贵重的；宝贵的”。
We all value his advice.
I value the opinion of my mother,and we agree on most things.
I think your painting is very value.
the value of... “......的价值”
I feel that I know about the value of my own work.
value sth at +价钱 估价某物多少钱
The man valued the house at 30.000yuan.
spend “度过” spend time with sb. “和某人一起度过时光”。
“花费” spend time/money on sth.
spend time/money (in) doing sth.
everyday adj. 每天的；日常的；平常的
everyday, every day的区别：前者是形容词，而后者是副词性短语。
8. We often just drop by our friends' homes if we have time. (P75)
drop by “顺便拜访”,可以直接使用,也可以在by后面加表示人或地点的词。
She and Danny will drop by later.
He often drops by Alan’s.
drop in on sb. “顺便拜访某人”。=drop by sb.
Would you drop in on us tomorrow evening
drop in at sp. “顺便拜访某地”。=drop by sp.
Let’s drop in at the Great Wall.
9. We often just walk around the town centre, seeing as many of our friends as we can! （P75）
as...as sb can/could=as...as possible “尽可能……”，第一个as后面常接形容词或副词原级。
I’ll return the book to you as early as I can.
=I’ll return the book to you as early as possible.
10. I always leave the house early to avoid heavy traffic because I think it's impolite to keep others waiting.（P75）
avoid 及物动词，“避免，逃避”，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
Learn from past mistakes and avoid future ones.
Avoid eating a large meal before you start.
keep sb/sth +形容词 We must keep our room clean.
keep sb/sth +副词 Don't keep him away from school.
keep sb/sth +动词-ing He kept us working for ten hours.
keep sb/sth +介词短语 Don't keep your book in the box.
So I make an effort to be on time when I meet my friends. （P75）
make an effort to do sth. “努力去做某事” effort, n. “努力，尽力”
Please make an effort to finish it on time.
He made an effort to arrive on time.
You should make an effort to improve your reading comprehension.
After class, students are supposed to/ are expected to clean the chalk off the blackboard.（P76）
clean off “把……擦掉”，动副短语。
Please clean them off.
I want to clean off there blacks.=I want to clean there black marks off.
clean out “把……内部彻底打扫干净”。
clean up “打扫（或清除）干净。”
chalk “粉笔”，不可数名词。
a piece of chalk “一支粉笔”
two pieces of chalk “两支粉笔”
Grammar Focus
be supposed to do sth
一．be supposed to do sth.与be expected to do sth.结构
①be supposed to do sth..“应该做某事”。它用来表示根据规定或传统习惯，人们不得不做的事或期待发生的事。其时态、人称和句式的变化体现在be动词上。to为不定式符号，后接动词原形。
You`re supposed to shake hands.
You are supposed to know the law.
(1)be supposed to do sth.的句式结构
①肯定句：主语+be supposed to do sth.
You`re supposed to start work at 8:30 every day.
You were supposed to arrive at 6:00,but you arrived at 7:00.
②否定句：主语+be+not+supposed to do sth.
You're not supposed to come to school late.
③一般疑问句：Be+主语+supposed to do sth.
Are you supposed to finish homework first
④特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+supposed to do sth.
What are you supposed to do in class
当疑问词为who时，句式应为：Who+be supposed to do sth.
Who is supposed to give the report today
二．be supposed to do sth.的用法
①当be supposed to do sth.的主语是“人”时，意为“应该做某事；被期望做某事”，可用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等，相当于should/，ought to do sth.。
You're supposed to/should/ought to put up your hand,if you have some questions
In class.
②当be supposed to do sth.的主语是“物”时,意为“本该做某事”，用于表示某事本应该发生而实际并没有发生
The train was supposed to come an hour ago.
2 be expected to do sth,.“被期待做某事；应该做某事”。它比be supposed to do sth.的主观性更强。
Parents can't be expected to watch their children 24 hours a day.
二、It+be+adj.+to do sth.句型
在“It+be+adj.+to do sth.”结构中，it是形式主语，而真正的主语是动词不定式（短语）。
It is important to study English well.
这种结构还包含两种常考的复合结构：
(1)在“It+be+adj.+of sb.to do sth.”结构中，形容词是描述人的性格、品质的词。
It is very kind of you to help me last night.
(2)在“It+be+adj,+for sb.tod0sth.”结构中，形容词是描述事物特征的词。
It is hard for me to finish this task.
1. 【山东枣庄】In France you _______ put bread on the table. You are not supposed to put it on the plate.
A. shouldn’t B. are supposed to C. would like to D . will
2. You were _______ to close the windows. Why were you so careless
A. allowed B. believed C. supposed D. caused
3. In China, you are not supposed ______ your bowl of rice.
A. to pick up B. picking up C. to pick out D. to pick off
4. You should have asked ____________.
A. what are you supposed to wear B. what you are supposed to wear
C. What you are suppose to wear D. what you suppose to wear
5. Students are ________ to speak loudly in the reading room.
A. told B. suppose C. not supposed D. allowed
Section B
1. In China, it's impolite to use your chopsticks to hit an empty bowl. (P77)
empty 形容词，“空洞的，空的”。反义词为full（满的）
动词，“排空，倒空”，反义词fill（装满，填满）
2. ...point at anyone with your chopsticks. (P77)
point at “指着”，侧重所指的对象；距离较近
point to“指向”，侧重所指的方向。 距离较远
The teacher is pointing at the blackboard.
He pointed to the high mountain far away.
point sth at sth. “用……指着……”
You shouldn't point your finger at anyone.
3. I was a bit nervous before I arrived here, but there was no reason to be. (P78)
There is/was no reason (for sb) to do sth.
=Sb have/has no reason to do sth. “某人没有理由做某事”。
There is no reason for you to be late.
You have no reason to say so.
4. they go out of their way to make me feel at home. (P78)
go out of one’s way 特地，格外努力,相当于try one’s best, 其后接动词不定式。
I go out of my way to visit my uncle.
He went out of his way to help me.
He went out of his way to start the car, but he failed.
They go out of their way to think of ways to serve all the passengers.
5. You wouldn't believe how quickly my French has improved because of that. (P78)
because of 短语介词，后跟名词、代词、动词-ing形式或
名词短语，还可以跟what引导的宾语从句。
because 连词，后跟表示原因的从句。
He was late because of the rain.
She was angry because of what you said.
He went to bed early because he was tired.
5. I’m very comfortable speaking French now. (P54)
be comfortable doing sth. “做某事很轻松, 乐意做某事”
be comfortable with “对……感到舒服”
be comfortable about “满足于……”
6. As you can imagine, things are very different from the way they are at home. (P78)
(1) as you can imagine “正如你想象那样”，其中as 表示“按照……的方法，正如……”
(2) be different from “与……不同”
be different in “在……方面不同”。
… you’re not supposed to eat anything with your hands except bread … (P78)
except prep. “除…之外”
They all went to the museum last Sunday except him.
except, prep. =but 表示把某人或某物从某一范围内排除出去，不包含在内。
except for 除…之外，除一点外的其他各部分（除去部分，强调整体）
besides, 除…之外还有,包含在内。
They all went to see the film expect Gina.
His composition is perfect for a few spelling mistakes.
We all attended the meeting besides Mike.
8. I have to say that I find it difficult to remember everything, but I’m gradually getting used to it. (P78)
find it +adj. to do sth. “发现做某事是……的”。
I find it very interesting to learn English.
I found it hard to work with him.
get used to doing sth= be used to doing sth“习惯于……”
used to do sth.“过去常常”，用于一般过去时。
be used to do sth. =be used for doing sth.“被用来做某事”。
. In many countries, it is impolite to show up at someone's houses for the first time with empty hands. (P78)
show up “出席；露面” = appear
show off “炫耀；卖弄”
show sb around “带领某人参观”
on show “展出；展览”
Let me give you some suggestions and advice about Chinese customs. (P78)
suggestion [C]n. “建议” suggest v. “建议”
Can you give me any suggestions in this matter
Mr. Green advises us to keep a diary. His __________(suggest ) is good for our writing.
作文（3b）
Dear Lily,
You must be excited about coming to China soon. Let me give you some suggestions and advice about Chinese customs. When you’re eating at the table, it’s impolite to start eating first if there are older people at the table. You should let them start first. When you are eating with chopsticks, it is impolite to point at other people with your chopsticks. It is also impolite to stick your chopsticks into the bowl of rice and leave them there.
In our house, you’re supposed to take off your shoes before you enter the house or just inside the front door. In our culture, we don’t usually hug or kiss people. When you go out with people, you should tell the hostess where you are going, who you are going with and when you will come back. In our culture, the hostess will worry a lot about the safety of her guests, so a polite guest will always let her know these things.
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