非谓语动词之动词不定式
2024年高考真题
1.【2024年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖的日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“使用某物去做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。
2023年高考真题
1.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】
To eat one, you have to decide whether ____37____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ____38____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。
【38题详解】
考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填or。
2.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____41____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of ____42____ (they) contents.
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。
【42题详解】
考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
3.【2023年全国甲卷】For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
2020-2022年高考真题
1．（2022年全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
2．(2022年全新高考I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
3．(2022.6全国乙卷 语法填空) ________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media.
4．(2021全国乙卷)Accommodations aim ___________(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
5．(2021年北京卷)Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need ________ (invest) in disaster prevention.
6．(2020年北京卷)It takes them hundreds of years_____________(break) down.
7．(2020年浙江卷1月)The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and is expected____________(increase) to 42 by 2050.
1．to journey
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。结合句意，分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语作定语。非谓语作定语修饰名词时，若名词前有序数词修饰限定，则只能用不定式作后置定语。故填to journey。
2．to increase
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，will extend是谓语，设空处与已有的谓语之间无连词，故设空处需要填动词的非谓语形式。再结合句意可知，increase在此处表示目的，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
3．To strengthen
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上开展一些公共宣传活动。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“included”且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“加强与年轻人的联系”是“在社交媒体上开展一些公共宣传活动”的目的，故应用不定式作目的状语，“strengthen”意为“加强”，动词词性，句首单词首字母大写，故空格处应填“To strengthen”。故填To strengthen。
4．to have
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”，不定式作宾语。故填to have。
5．to invest
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种增长在很大程度上是由于气候变化。研究结果表明，急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知，此处表示未来的动作，应用不定式，作后置定语修饰名词need。故填to invest。
6．to break
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.(花某人/物多长时间干某事)，此处用动词不定式(to do )作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break。
7．to increase
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：1950年美国人的年龄中位数是30岁，而今天是41岁，预计到2050年将增至42岁。根据短语be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”可知，空处应填不定式作主语补足语。故填to increase。
2024年名校模拟题
1．One Styrofoam cup takes more than 1 million years (recycle) in a landfill, according to Cleveland State University.
2．To better understand the wildlife found here, Wildwatch Kenya seeks (identify) and track the giraffes in conservation field sites.
3．Earthen houses are made of earth, stone, bamboo and wood, all readily available materials which are used (form) walls up to 6 feet thick.
4． (strength) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media.
5．It’s been an honor (watch) the panda programme develop and to see the pandas settle into their new home.
6．You’d better master some basic Chinese in advance, which makes it easy for you (adapt)to the new
life in Beijing.
7．Whenever feeling depressed, I prefer (read) the Novel Column which includes a lot of imaginative stories.
8．As the new immigrants gain financial independence and a greater knowledge of the surrounding city, they may choose (stay) close to known friends and neighbors for comfort.
9．Cybercriminals trick you into parting with your money, infecting your computer with a virus (steal) your personal data, or blocking you from accessing your own data until a ransom is paid.
10．Young men and women sing and dance hand in hand around the bonfire (express) their gratitude for a life of plenty and good wishes for the coming year.
11．But with cheaper, machine-produced trinkets (小首饰) ruling the market, they couldn’t rely on the old technique (survive).
12．Due (come) into effect from April 1, the law explains water conservation on the river basin, ecological protection and restoration, conservation and intensive use of water resources, flood control and pollution prevention among other measures.
13．As he played his guqin in the mountains, a woodcutter named Zhong Ziqi heard the music and understood exactly what Yu wanted (express).
14．The route was firstly created by an envoy called Zhang Qian assigned by the king of Han Dynasty to deliver gifts that was mainly silk for those local loads in west China area (hold) their loyalty.
15．Zhai, the commander of the mission, was the first (come) out of the capsule, waving his hand to the cheering crowd on site with a big smile.
16．The study, which appeared in the journal PLOS Medicine, indicates that individuals who take in higher-than-average amounts of artificial sweetener are 13% more likely (suffer) from cancer.
17． Dr. Wang began to question the umbrella species narrative and carried out research, only (find) that panda conservation had not helped large carnivores in China.
18．The study focused on a group of people who sang in a professional choir and discovered that the amount of proteins in the blood that function as antibodies(抗体) was obviously higher after singing, so people involved in music could be less likely (get) sick.
19．There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind which (buy).
20．After the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Palace Museum was established in 1925, allowing tourists at home and abroad (visit) the architecture and appreciate the artistic treasures.
21．The main problem in my English study is that words are difficult (memorize).
22．I have heard many men (complaint) that they had more pressure on their shoulder.
23．Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world (go) into space.
24．A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step (journey) the Belt and Road route by foot.
25．I rushed back to the park, only (find) the bag had been taken away.
26．It was not until I lost the opportunity (admit) to my dream university that I realized the importance of treasuring youth.
27．Apart from the textbooks, other materials like dictionaries, reference books were often referred to (assist) my studies last year.
28．More than half of former host cities for the Winter Olympics will be too hot (host) such games by the end of this century.
29．He hurried home,only (tell) his parents had left for Guang Dong Province.
30．Our aim is (finish) our revision ahead of time and organise a voluntary activity.
31． (help) us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.
32．We regret (tell) you that your application has not been successful.
33．Only when you try your best can you have a chance (become) a promising person.
34．Social intelligence is the ability (understand) and manage people in a business setting.
35．He contacted the driver, only (discover) it contained ￡400 in notes, with another ￡50 in spare change beside it.
36．An important step for developing countries towards developed ones is (wipe) out poverty.
37．The plan is designed to motivate more people (take) actions to protect the environment.
38．Here, merchants from China and many other places met (negotiate) trade deals, which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
39．I had a strong desire (look) at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes.
40．He is always the first staff (arrive) at the office, which I think is why he is promoted so quickly.
41．He has become the first American scientist (award) a Nobel prize.
42．The tunes are easy (sing), and the lyrics often leave you deep in thought.
43．I can’t go to the cinema on time with all these dishes (wash).
44．Recently, Andy has flown back to Beijing (promote) her new album.
45．This lack of self-interest and promotion kept Cunningham focused on his craft , enbling him (capture) New York’s unique street style.
46．What I suggest is (purchase) the tickets in advance from the box office.
47．It is essential for the figures (update) on a regular basis, which is important for our research.
48．In 1961 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to (relief) worldwide starvation.
49． (have) a chance to experience this, you can stop by a village pub and relax with a local beer.
50．Christopher Columbus discovered what he viewed as India on the epic voyage, only (inform) that what he discovered was a new land.
51．He promised that he would do whatever he could (help) me, but he didn’t.
52．The problem (refer) to at the meeting tomorrow is about environmental pollution.
53．Li Na, the first (achieve) a ranking of world No.2 in Asia, retired from tennis in September.
54．Jing Haipeng, who became the first taikonaut (go) into space for a fourth time with this mission, served as the commander and spacecraft pilot.
55．She has become the first female physicist of her country (receive) the Prize.
56．Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility (keep) their neighbors from harm
57．They were pleased with his classical music and folk songs and finally invited him (perform) in the silver hall.
58．I’m writing to (apology) to you for my not being able to pay a visit to Beijing with you next weekend.
59．With so many problems (deal) with, I need to work overtime tomorrow.
60．A series of hands-on classes are designed for students (acquire) the necessary life skills.
61．Driven by a sense of commitment, a great many joined the army (resist) the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation.
62． (push) her career further, Jia Ling, a well-known film director and actress, offered to her fans another masterpiece, YOLO, short for “You Only Live Once”.
63．Still, practical problems remain (solve), such as ensuring the trips are safe as many taxis will be flown without pilots.
64．One agency, based in Woodbridge, is expected (receive) $1. 5 million.
65．It made him angry (laugh) at yesterday.
66．Boys tend (spend) their screen time on games, where they talk to their teammates through headphones.
67．Learning Chinese helps them see life from a new perspective and (broad) their minds to the outside world.
68．With the mayor (come) to our school tomorrow, the headmaster is as busy as a bee.
69．We were forced (run) away,but suddenly we saw something lying on our way home.
70．With so many types of bicycles (choose) from, I was really at a loss which one to buy.
1．to recycle
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据克利夫兰州立大学称，一个聚苯乙烯杯子填埋之后需要100多万年时间才能降解。此处用动词短语take some time to do sth.表示“花……时间做某事”，为固定结构，设空处应填动词不定式。故填to recycle。
2．to identify
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了更好地了解这里的野生动物，肯尼亚野生观察组织试图识别和追踪保护区的长颈鹿。seek to do是固定搭配，意为“试图做某事”，用不定式作宾语。故填to identify。
3．to form
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：土屋是由泥土、石头、竹子和木头制成的，所有这些材料都是现成的，用来建造高达6英尺厚的墙壁。sth. be used to do表示“某物被用来做”，应用form“构成，形成”的不定式形式，作目的状语。故填to form。
4．To strengthen
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括多项在社交媒体上进行的公众推广活动。表示“加强”应用动词strengthen，此处作目的状语应用不定式，首字母大写。故填To strengthen。
5．to watch
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我很荣幸能看到熊猫节目的发展，也很荣幸能看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。It be+n.+ to do...为固定句型，it为形式主语，动词不定式为真正的主语。故填to watch。
6．to adapt
【详解】考查不定式。句意：你最好提前掌握一些基础汉语，这会让你更容易适应在北京的新生活。分析句子结构，make +it +形容词+for sb to do为固定短语，含义为“某人做某事是……的”，所以空白处填动词不定式作真正的宾语，it作形式宾语，故填to adapt。
7．to read
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：每当感到沮丧时，我更喜欢读小说专栏，里面有很多富有想象力的故事。
根据prefer to to do sth.“较喜欢做某事”可知，此处用read的不定式形式to read，作宾语。故填to read。
8．to stay
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着新移民在经济上获得独立，对周围城市有了更多的了解，他们可能会选择与熟悉的朋友和邻居住在一起，以寻求安慰。choose to do sth.“选择做某事”是固定搭配，不定式作宾语。故填to stay。
9．to steal
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：网络犯罪分子欺骗你交出你的钱，用病毒感染你的电脑来窃取你的个人数据，或者阻止你访问你自己的数据，直到你支付赎金。分析句子，句中trick为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处表示“用病毒去窃取你的个人数据”，用不定式作目的状语。故填to steal。
10．to express
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：青年男女手拉手围着篝火唱歌跳舞，以表达他们对丰饶生活的感激之情和对来年的美好祝愿。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故填to express。
11．to survive
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：但随着更便宜的、机器生产的小饰品统治市场，他们不能再依靠旧的技术来生存。rely on sth to do...是固定搭配，意为“依靠某物来做……”，用不定式作目的状语。故填to survive。
12．to come
【详解】考查不定式。句意：该法将于4月1日起实施，对流域水资源保护、生态保护和修复、水资源保护和集约利用、防洪和污染防治等措施作出解释。形容词due“预定的，预期发生的”后跟不定式，构成due to do sth意为“预定……”，设空处填动词不定式to come。故填to come。
13．to express
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：当他在山上弹奏古琴时，一位名叫钟子期的樵夫听到了音乐，并完全理解了他想表达的意思。want to do意为“想要做某事”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用to do不定式作宾语。故填to express。
14．to hold
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这条路线最初是由汉朝国王派来的使者张骞开辟的，他给西域的土人送礼物，主要是丝绸，以保持他们的忠诚。分析句子结构可知hold在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to hold。
15．to come
【详解】考查不定式。句意：翟志刚，这次任务的指挥官，是第一个走出太空舱的人，他微笑着向现场欢
呼的人群挥手。分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语动词。根据前文the first可知，此处指代的是the first person，结合句意和the first可知，此处应用不定式作后置定语。故填to come。
16．to suffer
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：这项发表在《公共科学图书馆 医学》杂志上的研究表明，摄入高于平均水平的人工甜味剂的人患癌症的可能性要高13%。be likely to do sth.为固定短语，表示“有可能做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to suffer。
17．to find
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：王博士开始质疑保护伞物种的说法，并进行了研究，结果发现保护熊猫并没有帮助中国的大型食肉动物。此处为only to do sth.，为不定式作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果。故填to find。
18．to get
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这项研究集中在一组在专业合唱团唱歌的人身上，发现唱歌后血液中作为抗体的蛋白质含量明显更高，所以参与音乐的人不太可能生病。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定短语：be likely to do，意为“可能做某事”。故填to get。
19．to buy
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。“特殊疑问词+不定式”是一种常见复合结构，该结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语和补足语；根据句意“(拿不定主意)买哪一种”可知，用特殊疑问词which与不定式to buy构成复合结构作宾语。故填to buy。
20．to visit
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：清朝结束后，故宫博物院于1925年建立，允许国内外游客参观建筑和欣赏艺术珍品。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定短语allow sb to do sth ，意为“允许某人做某事”，应用动词不定式做宾补。故填to visit。
21．to memorize
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我学习英语的主要问题是单词很难记忆。be difficult to do sth.意为“做某事很难”，动词memorize与其逻辑主语words构成逻辑上的动宾关系，用主动形式。故填to memorize。
22．complained/complain
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我听到很多男人抱怨说，他们肩上的压力更大了。分析句子结构可知，heard后面为省略了that的宾语从句，缺少谓语，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。也可看作固定搭配hear sb. do sth.“听见某人做某事”，空处用动词原形作宾补。故填complained/complain。
23．to go
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：之后，苏联致力于将人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词person，当所修饰词前有序数词时，应用不定式作后置定语，故填to go。
24．to journey
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，一名来自北京的视觉挑战男子徒步40天抵达西安，这是徒步走一带一路的第一步。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，修饰名词step，且名词前由序数词first修饰，后边应用动词不定式形式作后置定语。故填to journey。
25．to find
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我冲回公园，却发现包被人拿走了。only to do结果却……，不定式作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果。根据句意，故填to find。
26．to be admitted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：直到我失去了被我梦想中的大学录取的机会，我才意识到珍惜青春的重要性。分析句子，句中lost为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处lose the opportunity to do为固定短语，意为“失去去做某事的机会”，使用不定式结构作后置定语；同时I和admit之间是被动关系，故使用不定式被动结构。故填to be admitted。
27．to assist
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：除了课本外，去年我还经常参考字典、参考书等资料来帮助我的学习。分析句子可知，此处为动词不定式to do表示“为了……”作目的状语，满足句意要求。故填to assist。
28．to host
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：到本世纪末，超过一半的前冬奥会主办城市将过于炎热，无法举办此类奥运会。根据too……to……“太……而不能……”，此处应使用动词不定式作结果状语，故填to host。
29．to be told
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他匆匆赶回家，却被告知父母已去广东了。句中only to do为不定式作结果状语，表示一种出乎意料的结果，同时he和tell之间是被动关系，故使用不定式的被动式。故填to be told。
30．to finish
【详解】考查不定式。句意：我们的目标是提前完成复习并组织一次志愿活动。aim意为“目标”，用不定式作表语，故填to finish。
31．To help
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议通读我们的笔记。分析句子结构可知，
此处是非谓语动词作状语，“老师建议我们诵读笔记是”为了“帮助我们准备考试”，表目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填To help。
32．to tell
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我们很遗憾地告诉你，你的申请没有成功。结合句意可知，此处指对要做的事情遗憾，应用regret to do sth结构，故填to tell。
33．to become
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：只有当你尽了最大努力，你才有机会成为一个有前途的人。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作非谓语，逻辑主语you与动词become之间为主动关系，结合句意可知，此处表将来，应用to do不定式，整个不定式短语作chance的后置定语。故填to become。
34．to understand
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：社交智力是在商业环境中理解和管理人的能力。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作定语，名词ability后接不定式作后置定语，结合句意，此处表示主动意义。故填to understand。
35．to discover
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他联系了司机，才发现箱子里有400英镑的钞票，旁边还有50英镑的零钱。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词contacted，空处需填动词不定式，表示出乎意料的结果，用only to do，且逻辑主语he和discover是主动关系，故填to discover。
36．to wipe
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：发展中国家走向发达国家的一个重要步骤是消除贫困。根据句意可知，消除贫困这一动作还未发生，所以此处应用不定式作表语说明主语的内容，故填to wipe。
37．to take
【详解】考查不定式。句意：这个计划是为了激励更多人采取行动来保护环境。此处考查固定短语motivate somebody to do something“激励某人做某事”，不定式作宾语。故填to take。
38．to negotiate
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这里，来自中国和许多其他地方的商人聚集在一起谈判贸易协议，这也使人们对彼此的文化有了更多的了解。本句谓语为met，此处为非谓语动词，应用negotiate“谈判”的不定式，作目的状语。故填to negotiate。
39．to look
【详解】考查不定式。句意：我有一种强烈的渴望，想看看眼前闪过的那些随机的东西。desire意为“渴望”，其后跟不定式作后置定语，因此空格处是不定式。故填to look。
40．to arrive
【详解】考查to do作定语。他总是第一个到达办公室的员工，我认为这就是他晋升如此迅速的原因。根据the first可知，和序数词构成搭配的是to do，这里需要填入to arrive作后置定语修饰staff，故答案是to arrive。
41．to be awarded
【详解】考查不定式和被动语态。句意：他成为第一位获得诺贝尔奖的美国科学家。American scientist被序数词the first修饰，空格处用不定式作后置定语，科学家是被授予诺贝尔奖，因此空格处用不定式的被动语态to be done，故填to be awarded。
42．to sing
【详解】考查不定式。句意：曲调很容易唱，歌词往往会让你陷入深思。sth. be easy to do是固定短语，意为“做某事很容易”，因此空格处用不定式to sing，是不定式的主动表被动，故填to sing。
43．to wash
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有这么多盘子要洗，我不能按时去电影院。分析句子结构可知，“with +宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，不定式表将来，使用主动表被动在句中作宾补，故填to wash。
44．to promote
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，安迪飞回北京宣传她的新专辑。此处为不定式作目的状语。故填to promote。
45．to capture
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这种对自身利益和晋升的缺乏使Cunningham专注于他的手艺，使他能够捕捉到纽约独特的街头风格。根据空前的enabling可知，此处考查固定短语enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事。故填to capture。
46．to purchase
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我建议从售票处提前买票。分析句子结构，本句是主系表结构，What I suggest 是主语从句，is是系动词，空白处是主语从句中的表语，应使用非谓语动词。根据上文“What I suggest(我建议)”可知空白处表示的是一个具体的动作，因此应用动词不定式to purchase。故填to purchase。
47．to be updated
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：定期更新数据是必要的，这对我们的研究很重要。根据“It is essential for the figures”可知，此处用固定句型It is essential for… to do sth.表示“让……做某事是必要的”，it是形式主语，真正的主语用不定式形式，且update和the figures逻辑上是被动关系，因此应用update的不定式被动语态。故填to be updated。
48．relieve
【详解】考查动词。句意：1961年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一是缓解世界各地的饥饿问题。根据空前的purposes可知，此处应用to do 不定式作表语，故填relief的动词形式relieve，减轻，缓解。故填relieve。
49．To have
【详解】考查不定式。句意: 要想有机会体验一下，可以去一家乡村酒吧，喝一杯当地的啤酒放松一下。空处放在句首，表示“为了体验”，此处应用不定式表目的。故填To have。
50．to be informed
【详解】考查不定式。句意：克里斯托弗·哥伦布（Christopher Columbus）在史诗般的航行中发现了他所认为的印度，却被告知他发现的是一片新大陆。only后跟动词不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，he与inform之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故填to be informed。
51．to help
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他答应他会尽他所能帮助我，但他没有。此处表示“他会尽他所能”的目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to help。
52．to be referred
【详解】考查不定式和被动语态。句意：明天会议要提到的问题是关于环境污染的。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，problem和refer之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，由tomorrow可知，问题是明天被提到，因此空格处用不定式的被动语态to be referred，表示将来要进行的被动动作，故填to be referred。
53．to achieve
【详解】考查不定式。句意：李娜是第一位在亚洲达到世界第二排名的选手，她于9月从网球界退役。the first to do sth为固定短语，表示“第一个作……的人”，空处应为不定式作定语，故填to achieve。
54．to go
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：景海鹏是第一个第四次进入太空的宇航员，他担任指挥官和飞船飞行员。名词taikonaut前有序数词the first修饰，需用动词不定式to go作后置定语。故填to go。
55．to receive
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：她成为该国首位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女物理学家。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语the first…to do…“第一个做某事的……”，所以此处为动词不定式作后置定语。故填to receive。
56．to keep
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：这个村子里没有人觉得有责任保护邻居免受伤害吗？名词responsibility后面应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to keep。
57．to perform
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们对他的古典音乐和民歌很满意，最后邀请他在银色大厅演出。invite sb to do sth“邀请某人做某事”为固定搭配，设空处应填动词不定式作宾语补足语，故填to perform。
58．apologize
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我写信是为了就下周末不能和你一起去北京参观向你道歉。此处应用动词原形apologize构成不定式短语作目的状语，apologize to sb. for sth为固定短语，表示“因某事向某人道歉”，符合句意。故填apologize。
59．to deal
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有这么多问题要处理，我明天得加班了。动词短语deal with和problems之间是动宾关系，表示将来的动作，用动词不定式作宾补，故填to deal。
60．to acquire
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一系列实践课程旨在让学生掌握必要的生活技能。be designed to do...意为“旨在……”，用不定式形式。故填to acquire。
61．to resist
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在使命感的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，捍卫国家荣誉。此处resist在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to resist。
62．To push
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了进一步推动她的职业生涯，知名电影导演兼演员贾玲向粉丝们呈现了另一部力作《YOLO》，该缩写代表“你只活一次”。分析句子结构可知，空处需要动词不定式作目的状语。故填To push。
63．to be solved
【详解】考查不定式和被动语态。句意：尽管如此，实际问题仍有待解决，比如确保出行安全，因为许多出租车将在没有飞行员的情况下飞行。remain是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词，由“such as ensuring the trips are safe as many taxis will be flown without pilots”可知，句子表示“实际问题仍有待解决”，空格处用不定式表将来，且问题是被解决，因此空格处用不定式的被动语态to be solved。故填to be solved。
64．to receive
【详解】考查不定式。句意：一家位于伍德布里奇(Woodbridge)的机构预计将获得150万美元。be expected to do sth.“被预计……”，用不定式作主语补足语，故填to receive。
65．to be laughed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：昨天被人嘲笑使他很生气。分析句子，句中made为谓语动词，设空处
使用非谓语动词，句中him和laugh之间是被动关系，同时it为形式主语，真正的主语应该使用不定式的被动结构。故填to be laughed。
66．to spend
【详解】考查不定式。句意：男孩倾向于把屏幕时间花在游戏上，他们通过耳机与队友交谈。tend to do是固定短语，意为“倾向于做某事”，因此空格处是不定式to spend。故填to spend。
67．broaden
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学习汉语可以帮助他们从一个新的角度看生活，开阔他们对外部世界的视野。分析句子可知，此处用固定短语help sb. do sth.表示“帮助某人做某事”，应用动词broaden“使变宽，扩大”的原形，为省略to的动词不定式形式，作宾语补足语。故填broaden。
68．to come
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于市长明天要来我们学校，校长忙得不可开交。分析句子可知，此处用了with的复合结构，空处作宾语补足语，come“来”和the mayor逻辑上是主动关系，且根据“tomorrow”可知，该行为尚未发生，因此应用come的不定式形式。故填to come。
69．to run
【详解】考查不定式。句意：我们被迫逃跑，但突然我们在回家的路上看到了一些东西。分析句子可知，这里考查be forced to do表“被迫做”，为固定搭配。故填to run。
70．to choose
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有这么多种类的自行车可选，我真不知道该买哪一种。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，此处表示将要发生的动作，需填动词不定式。故填to choose。非谓语动词之动词不定式
2024年高考真题
1.【2024年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
2023年高考真题
1.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】To eat one, you have to decide whether ____37____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ____38____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
2.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____41____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of ____42____ (they) contents.
3.【2023年全国甲卷】For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom
2020-2022年高考真题
1．（2022年全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
2．(2022年全新高考I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
3．(2022.6全国乙卷 语法填空) ________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media.
4．(2021全国乙卷)Accommodations aim ___________(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
5．(2021年北京卷)Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need ________ (invest) in disaster prevention.
6．(2020年北京卷)It takes them hundreds of years_____________(break) down.
7．(2020年浙江卷1月)The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and is expected____________(increase) to 42 by 2050.
2024年名校模拟题
1．One Styrofoam cup takes more than 1 million years (recycle) in a landfill, according to Cleveland
State University.
2．To better understand the wildlife found here, Wildwatch Kenya seeks (identify) and track the giraffes in conservation field sites.
3．Earthen houses are made of earth, stone, bamboo and wood, all readily available materials which are used (form) walls up to 6 feet thick.
4． (strength) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media.
5．It’s been an honor (watch) the panda programme develop and to see the pandas settle into their new home.
6．You’d better master some basic Chinese in advance, which makes it easy for you (adapt)to the new life in Beijing.
7．Whenever feeling depressed, I prefer (read) the Novel Column which includes a lot of imaginative stories.
8．As the new immigrants gain financial independence and a greater knowledge of the surrounding city, they may choose (stay) close to known friends and neighbors for comfort.
9．Cybercriminals trick you into parting with your money, infecting your computer with a virus (steal) your personal data, or blocking you from accessing your own data until a ransom is paid.
10．Young men and women sing and dance hand in hand around the bonfire (express) their gratitude for a life of plenty and good wishes for the coming year.
11．But with cheaper, machine-produced trinkets (小首饰) ruling the market, they couldn’t rely on the old technique (survive).
12．Due (come) into effect from April 1, the law explains water conservation on the river basin, ecological protection and restoration, conservation and intensive use of water resources, flood control and pollution prevention among other measures.
13．As he played his guqin in the mountains, a woodcutter named Zhong Ziqi heard the music and understood exactly what Yu wanted (express).
14．The route was firstly created by an envoy called Zhang Qian assigned by the king of Han Dynasty to deliver gifts that was mainly silk for those local loads in west China area (hold) their loyalty.
15．Zhai, the commander of the mission, was the first (come) out of the capsule, waving his hand to the cheering crowd on site with a big smile.
16．The study, which appeared in the journal PLOS Medicine, indicates that individuals who take in higher-than-average amounts of artificial sweetener are 13% more likely (suffer) from cancer.
17． Dr. Wang began to question the umbrella species narrative and carried out research, only (find) that panda conservation had not helped large carnivores in China.
18．The study focused on a group of people who sang in a professional choir and discovered that the amount of proteins in the blood that function as antibodies(抗体) was obviously higher after singing, so people involved in music could be less likely (get) sick.
19．There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind which (buy).
20．After the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Palace Museum was established in 1925, allowing tourists at home and abroad (visit) the architecture and appreciate the artistic treasures.
21．The main problem in my English study is that words are difficult (memorize).
22．I have heard many men (complaint) that they had more pressure on their shoulder.
23．Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world (go) into space.
24．A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step (journey) the Belt and Road route by foot.
25．I rushed back to the park, only (find) the bag had been taken away.
26．It was not until I lost the opportunity (admit) to my dream university that I realized the importance of treasuring youth.
27．Apart from the textbooks, other materials like dictionaries, reference books were often referred to (assist) my studies last year.
28．More than half of former host cities for the Winter Olympics will be too hot (host) such games by the end of this century.
29．He hurried home,only (tell) his parents had left for Guang Dong Province.
30．Our aim is (finish) our revision ahead of time and organise a voluntary activity.
31． (help) us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.
32．We regret (tell) you that your application has not been successful.
33．Only when you try your best can you have a chance (become) a promising person.
34．Social intelligence is the ability (understand) and manage people in a business setting.
35．He contacted the driver, only (discover) it contained ￡400 in notes, with another ￡50 in spare
change beside it.
36．An important step for developing countries towards developed ones is (wipe) out poverty.
37．The plan is designed to motivate more people (take) actions to protect the environment.
38．Here, merchants from China and many other places met (negotiate) trade deals, which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
39．I had a strong desire (look) at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes.
40．He is always the first staff (arrive) at the office, which I think is why he is promoted so quickly.
41．He has become the first American scientist (award) a Nobel prize.
42．The tunes are easy (sing), and the lyrics often leave you deep in thought.
43．I can’t go to the cinema on time with all these dishes (wash).
44．Recently, Andy has flown back to Beijing (promote) her new album.
45．This lack of self-interest and promotion kept Cunningham focused on his craft , enbling him (capture) New York’s unique street style.
46．What I suggest is (purchase) the tickets in advance from the box office.
47．It is essential for the figures (update) on a regular basis, which is important for our research.
48．In 1961 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to (relief) worldwide starvation.
49． (have) a chance to experience this, you can stop by a village pub and relax with a local beer.
50．Christopher Columbus discovered what he viewed as India on the epic voyage, only (inform) that what he discovered was a new land.
51．He promised that he would do whatever he could (help) me, but he didn’t.
52．The problem (refer) to at the meeting tomorrow is about environmental pollution.
53．Li Na, the first (achieve) a ranking of world No.2 in Asia, retired from tennis in September.
54．Jing Haipeng, who became the first taikonaut (go) into space for a fourth time with this mission, served as the commander and spacecraft pilot.
55．She has become the first female physicist of her country (receive) the Prize.
56．Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility (keep) their neighbors from harm
57．They were pleased with his classical music and folk songs and finally invited him (perform) in the silver hall.
58．I’m writing to (apology) to you for my not being able to pay a visit to Beijing with you next
weekend.
59．With so many problems (deal) with, I need to work overtime tomorrow.
60．A series of hands-on classes are designed for students (acquire) the necessary life skills.
61．Driven by a sense of commitment, a great many joined the army (resist) the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation.
62． (push) her career further, Jia Ling, a well-known film director and actress, offered to her fans another masterpiece, YOLO, short for “You Only Live Once”.
63．Still, practical problems remain (solve), such as ensuring the trips are safe as many taxis will be flown without pilots.
64．One agency, based in Woodbridge, is expected (receive) $1. 5 million.
65．It made him angry (laugh) at yesterday.
66．Boys tend (spend) their screen time on games, where they talk to their teammates through headphones.
67．Learning Chinese helps them see life from a new perspective and (broad) their minds to the outside world.
68．With the mayor (come) to our school tomorrow, the headmaster is as busy as a bee.
69．We were forced (run) away,but suddenly we saw something lying on our way home.
70．With so many types of bicycles (choose) from, I was really at a loss which one to buy.
