过去分词
题型 年份 卷别 过去分词 功能 考情分析
语法填空 2024 新高考I卷 closed 作表语 新旧高考英语语法填空有关动词的题对比： 新高考：分析近年高考真题可知，新高考在命题考查加重对非谓语动词知识点与长难句综合运用的考查，对非谓语动词的各种形式，结合语态进行综合设题，难度较大。 旧高考：侧重动词时态和主谓一致，相对简单。 复习目标： 掌握过去分词的基本用法。 掌握过去分词和不定式、现在分词的区别。 掌握过去分词短语作定语、表语、补语、状语的用法。
新高考II卷 inspired 做定语
浙江1月 designed 作定语
2023 新高考Ⅰ卷 recognized 作定语
全国甲卷 intended 作定语
全国乙卷 built 作定语
天津卷第一次 posted 作定语
浙江1月 surrounded 作定语
2022 全国甲卷 held 作定语
全国乙卷 shared 作定语
北京卷卷 supported 作定语
浙江1月 studied 作定语
【基础详单】
知识点 过去分词的概念及特点
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。包括动词不定式、动名词和分词
（现在分词和过去分词）三类，它们没有人称和数的变化，但根据发生的时间、状态及主被动关系有形式上的变化，还可以有自己的宾语和状语。
过去分词构成形式：done
过去分词基本用法：过去分词只有一种形式，表示有关被动的或者是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中不可作谓语，可以作定语、表语、宾语、补语或状语。
考点一 过去分词句法功能
知识点1 作定语
过去分词作定语表示一个被动的、已发生的动作； 单个分词修饰名词作前置定语；分词短语修饰名词作后置定语。
【名师提醒】过去分词作定语，表示被动，相当于省略了“which/that+be”的定语从句。
The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。
I spotted the girl dressed in white.我认出了那个穿白色衣服的女孩。
The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero.
他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。
The houses built last year are for the teachers.
=The houses that/which were built last year are for the teacher.这些去年建好的房子是为老师准备的。
典例1.（2024新高考II卷）A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ______ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
【答案】inspired
【思维建模】首先寻找句中的谓语动词，以确定设空处的动词形式。然后再观察非谓语在句中所充当的句子成分进一步推理。
典例2.（2023新高考I卷）Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。
【答案】recognized
【易错提醒】考生容易不关注空格后面的名词，忽略句子成分，只注重构词法，误填recognition。
【变式训练】1.（2024·江苏泰州·模拟预测）Together through Connectivity”,the competition centered on the global practices of China’s modernization drive and highlighted the universal understanding of the BRI’s spirit and China’s strong desire to build a community with a (share)future for mankind.
【解析】考查分词形容词。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处修饰名词future，用形容词作定语，表示“共享的”用shared。故填shared。
【答案】shared
【变式训练】2.（2024·湖南长沙·模拟预测） (write) poetry is thought to have been recorded about 2000 BC with The Epic of Gilgamesh.
【解析】考查形容词。句意；书面诗歌被认为是在公元前2000年的《吉尔伽美什史诗》中被记录下来的。修饰poetry应用形容词written，意为“书面的”，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Written。
【答案】Written
知识点2 作补语
场合 用法 示例
观感类 使役类 动词后 表感觉或心理状态的动词如notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel。 表示“致使”意义的动词如have, get, keep, leave, make等后。 I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 He spoke in a loud voice in order to make himself heard.他大声讲话，以便让别人听到。
with结构 1.过去分词作宾语补足语表示一个被动的、已完成的动作； 2.对比：该结构中动词不定式表示将要发生的动作；现在分词表示一个主动动作； 3.省略with则该结构变为独立主格结构。 With his homework finished, he went to the park to play. 作业写完了，他便去公园玩了。 She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。
【名师提醒】过去分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑宾语，该动词与宾语之间有动宾关系。
He is a humorous man and he always keeps us amused with his jokes.
他是个很幽默的人，总是用他的笑话让我们消遣。
I found him buried in a novel. 我发现他在埋头读一本小说。
典例1.（2024·重庆·三模）By the end of last year, 97 percent of primary and secondary schools in Zibo had completed the digital transformation, with 295 schools establishing smart campuses (equip) with multimedia classrooms.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：截至去年年底，淄博市97%的中小学完成了数字化转型，295所学校建立了配备多媒体教室的智能校园。此处为with的复合结构，短语be equipped with表示“配备”，设空处填过去分词作宾补。故填equipped。
【答案】equipped
典例2.（23-24高三·四川泸州·阶段练习）With its fascinating history, cultures and customs (bring) back to the island by overseas Chinese, the atmosphere of Haikou is more than worth experiencing.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着海外华人将其迷人的历史、文化和习俗带回岛上，海口的氛围非常值得体验。分析句子可知，此处为with的复合结构，其中的动词应为非谓语形式，its fascinating history, cultures and customs和bring为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填brought。
【答案】brought
【变式训练】1.With all the books he was interested in (buy), Tom left the bookshop with great satisfaction.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆买了所有他感兴趣的书，心满意足地离开了书店。“he was interested in”是定语从句，修饰books，此处是with复合结构，books和buy之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填bought。
【答案】bought
【易错提醒】解答此题时，理清句子结构是重点。考生容易受空格前介词的影响，误填buying。he前面省略关系代词，作介词in的宾语。
【变式训练】2.The app keeps you (update) on all your favorite topics and current events.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该应用程序更新所有你最喜欢的话题和时事。此处update与you构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填updated。
过去分词表示被动，作宾语补足语。故填covered。
【答案】updated
知识点3 作表语
1.过去分词作表语，表示“感到……”，常修饰人的状态或感受。表示主语是动作的承受者。但修饰人的表情也常用过去分词。常见动词如：amazed（感到惊讶的）； bored（感到无聊的）；confused（困惑的）；delighted（开心的）；depressed（低落的）；determined（下定决心的）； disappointed（失望的）；excited（兴奋的）；embarrassed（尴尬的）；exhausted（筋疲力尽的）；frightened（令人惊骇的）；frustrated（消沉的）； interested（感兴趣的）；satisfied （满意度）；surprised（吃惊的）；moved（感动的） The pupils will get confused if they learn too much at a time. 如果学生一次学太多，他们会感到困惑。 2.be+不及物动词的过去分词，一般是系表结构。如：gone消失了，不在了； fallen落下的； known著名的； mistaken无解的，弄错的等。
【易错提醒】1.作表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词容易混淆。但被动语态表示主语的动作，作表语的过去分词表示主语所处的状态。 2.现在分词作表语，说名主语的身份、性质或情况，主语大多是物。表示“令人......的”。
The window is broken.（系表结构，表示主语the window所处的状态broken）这扇窗户碎了。
The window was broken by Tim.（被动语态，表示动作）这扇窗户是Tim打碎的。
The book is interesting and I’m interested in it. 这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。
典例1.（2024·湖北黄冈·模拟预测）Because it is so (hide) and the land on either side of the canyon is the same height, people sometimes come across it without warning.
【解析】考查形容词。句意：因为它非常隐蔽，而且峡谷两侧的土地高度相同，所以人们有时会毫无预兆地遇到它。空处应填形容词作表语。故填hidden。
【答案】hidden
典例2.（2024高三·全国· 模拟试题）It is recognised that people making friends online are afraid of getting (cheat).
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：大家都知道，网上交友的人害怕被骗。cheat和people之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作表语，表被动意义，故填cheated。
【答案】cheated
【思维建模】遇到名词题时，首先确定谓语动词属于系动词，则后面应当跟表语。再根据设空动词与所修饰词之间的逻辑关系确定答案。
【变式训练】Vehicles go faster than ever, but they remain (trap) in traffic jams.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：车辆的速度比以往任何时候都快，但它们仍然困在交通堵塞中。分析句
子可知，空处作remain的表语，they（Vehicles）和trap之间为被动关系，应用trap的过去分词形式trapped，构成remain trapped，表示“仍然被困”。故填trapped。
【答案】trapped
知识点4 作状语
过去分词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语，强调该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系；为了强调，还可以与while, when, once, if, unless等连词连用。
例1.Warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.（=Though he was warned...）虽然被警告危险，他仍旧到薄冰上滑冰。
例2.The professor came into the classroom, followed by some students.教授走进教室，几个学生跟在后面。
Given more time, I can finish the work.（=If I am given...）
Seen from the hill, the city looks more beautiful.从山顶看，这座城市显得格外美丽。
典例1.（2024高三·福建·期末） (see) from above, the shape of this building is like a figure“8”or the infinity sign “∞”.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从上面看，这个建筑的形状像一个数字“8”或无穷符号“∞”。分析句子可知，is是句中系动词，此处为非谓语动词，且the shape of this building与see“看”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故填Seen。
【答案】Seen
典例2.（2024四川高三期中） (strike) by the beauty of the moment, we sat there, feeling proud to have witnessed such a magical sight.
【解析】考查非谓语。句意：我们被这一瞬间的美景所打动，坐在那里，为目睹了这样一个神奇的景象而感到自豪。空处为非谓语动词，we与strike为被动关系，用过去分词作状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Struck。
【答案】Struck
【变式训练】1. (make) from seeds, leaves and flowers, incense has been used as an enjoyable pursuit for scholars.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：香由种子、叶子和花朵制成，一直是学者们追求的一种享受。分析句子，句中has been used为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，同时incense与make之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作状语。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Made。
【答案】Made
【变式训练】2.First (manufacture) in Shanghai in the 1940s, White Rabbit wasn’t only a household name in China, it also was used as gifts for foreign dignitaries (政要).
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：大白兔于20世纪40年代在上海首次生产，它不仅在中国家喻户晓，还被用作送给外国政要的礼物。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，manufacture和主句主语White Rabbit之间存在被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填manufactured。
【答案】manufactured
知识点5 非谓语动词解题步骤
归纳 寻找到谓语，以便区分所填空是否为非谓语。 判断非谓语动词所作的成分。 找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语。 作主语或宾语，常用动名词表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况； 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式； 作伴随状语、时间、方式等状语，常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，若是被动关系，用过去分词。
考点二 过去分词用于省略句
知识点1 连词+过去分词
过去分词作状语相当于一个状语从句。当从句中的主语和主句主语保持一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可以省略be动词，如果，从句中是被动结构时，即构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语。
When completed, the road will be open to public. 当这条铁路修好后，将会对公众开放。
=When it is completed, ...
Though he was warned danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
=Though warned danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
典例1.（23-24高三·福建·期末）To any neighboring countries, border issues, unless (handle) properly, will directly affect the relationship between them and even lead to conflicts.
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：对于任何邻国来说，边界问题如果处理不好，都会直接影响到邻国之间的关系，甚至引发冲突。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句从句完整句子为unless border issues are handled properly，省略border issues are，border issues和 handle“处理”之间是被动关系，保留过去分词。故填handled。
【答案】handled
典例2.（2024高三·河北石家庄·阶段练习）To guarantee security, children, when ( accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
【解析】考查省略句和过去分词。句意：为了保证安全，孩子们在父母的陪同下可以进入体育场。分析句子可知，此处是when引导的状语从句，从句的主语和主句的主语children一致，可用代词they代替，且由by their parents可知此处是被动语态，时态是一般现在时，此时可省略when从句的主语和be代词，即when (they are) accpmpanied by their parents。故填accompanied。
【答案】accompanied
【变式训练】1. The passengers on board were asked to fasten their seat belts as (instruct) the moment they settled down.
【解析】考查省略。句意：飞机上的乘客一坐下来就被要求按指示系好安全带。分析可知，乘客是按照被指示的系好安全带，由were asked可知，句子时态是一般过去时，因此as后的句子是as they were instructed，为as引导的方式状语从句，方式状语从句中主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，也就是省略they were，因此空格处是instructed，故填instructed。
【答案】instructed
【变式训练】2.Though still (practice) today, the tea ceremony may not be as popular as it used to be.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然今天仍在实行，但茶道可能不像以前那样受欢迎。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填非谓语动词形式作状语，though引导让步状语从句时，主语与主句主语一致，且谓语动词含有be动词时，可以省略主语和be动词，所以判断practice与句子主语the tea ceremony为被动关系，应该使用过去分词。故填practiced。
【答案】practiced
知识点2 过去分词构成独立主格结构
“名词/代词+过去分词”中，名词或代词是过去分词的逻辑主语，与分词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，是
分词动作的承受者，在句中作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。
All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.积蓄全部用完了，我们就开始找工作。
= Because all our savings had been gone...
Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it.
专心致志地听着讲座，所有注意力全用在上面了。
Many things settled, the manager looks relaxed.
很多事情处理好了，经理看上去很轻松。
典例1.（2024高三·重庆模拟）A large number of paintings are collected and displayed in the British Museum, the most famous one (estimate) to be worth more than 80 million dollars.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：大英博物馆收藏并展出了大量的画作，其中最著名的一幅估计价值超过8000万美元。分析句子可知，“the most famous one (estimate) to be worth more than 80 million dollars”是独立主格结构作状语，estimate与逻辑主语the most famous one（one指代painting）是被动关系，用过去分词形式，故填estimated。
【答案】estimated
典例2.（2024·高三全国模拟）Eyes raised, I see the moon so bright; Head (bend), in homesickness I am drowned.
【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：举头望明月，低头思故乡。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用独立主格结构，head与bend的逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词。故填bent。
【答案】bent
【变式训练】Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention________ (fix) on it.
【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：吉姆聚精会神地听讲座，所有的注意力都集中在上面。分析句子结构可知，逗号后面的成分为独立主格结构，fix与逻辑主语attention之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式fixed表示被动意义，构成独立主格结构。故填fixed。
【答案】fixed
真题实战
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.（2024·浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs __________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
【答案】designed
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。
2.（2023·全国乙卷）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully (build) system of ring roads.
【答案】built。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。
3.（2022·北京卷）Why do humans prefer some smells over others One theory, increasingly _______ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned.
【答案】supported
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知，空格处的动词做非谓语，结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”，所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。故填supported。
4.（2021·新高考II卷）I was so________ (excite) when he wrote back to me.
【答案】excited
【解析】考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。
5.（2020·浙江卷1月）The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ____________ (compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population
【答案】compared
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均
而言，人口比以前老龄化。Compare与old generation之间表示被动关系，故填compared。
6.（2020全国II卷）They make great gifts and you see them many times ___________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
【答案】decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
二、 命题演练
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
（2024·河北高三模拟）As China has more than 297 million people (age) 60 and over, according to the latest statistics, this day has grown in popularity over the years.
【答案】aged
【解析】考查分词形容词。句意：根据最新统计，中国60岁及以上的人口超过2.97亿，这一天多年来越来越受欢迎。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词，意为“年龄是……岁的”，作后置定语。故填aged。
（2024·湖南长郡中学·高三模拟）The number pi, or π, is equal to the circumference (圆周长) of a circle______ (divide) by the circle’s diameter (直径).
【答案】divided
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：π等于圆的周长除以圆的直径。分析句子可知，此处divide“除以”需要使用过去分词形式，作the circumstance of a circle“圆的周长”的后置定语，即被除以直径的圆周长。故填divided。
3.（2024高三·河北秦皇岛·阶段练习）All the opinions and ideas (collect) from others can give the decision maker a more comprehensive picture of the current situation and help him or her make a correct decision.
【答案】collected
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：所有从别人那里收集来的意见和想法可以让决策者对当前的形势有一个更全面的了解，帮助他或她做出正确的决定。名词the opinions and ideas与collect之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填collected。
4.（2024高三·广东·阶段练习）In 2004, a museum (dedicate) to Qiaopi opened in Shantou City, Guangdong, where almost all families have saved such letters in their homes.
【答案】dedicated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：2004年，广东省汕头市开设了一家专门纪念桥批的博物馆，在那里，几乎所有的家庭都把这些信件保存在家里。句中opened是谓语，此处为非谓语，动词dedicate和前文名词museum之间是被动关系，用其过去分词作后置定语，已转化为形容词，意为“专用的”。故填dedicated。
（2024高三·湖北·模拟预测）High-end Dragon Well, tasting like spring’s first green vegetables accented by chestnuts (roast) with sugar, can sell for 15 to over a hundred dollars an ounce.
【答案】roasted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：高端龙井，尝起来像春天的第一批富有糖烤栗子风味的绿色蔬菜，每盎司售价15到100多美元。分析句子可知，空处作chestnuts的后置定语，是非谓语动词，roast“烘烤”和chestnuts逻辑上是被动关系，且此处侧重chestnuts的特性，应用roast的过去分词形式。故填roasted。
6.（2024·江西九江·二模）Among the over 5,000 precious relics (excavate)from the ruins, the most eye-catching is the Golden Sun Bird.
【答案】excavated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在遗址中出土的5000多件珍贵文物中，最引人注目的是金太阳鸟。分析句子可知，excavate作定语，修饰relics，二者之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填excavated。
7.（四川省绵阳市高中2023-2024学年诊断试题）One day when she is cycling to school, she bumps into a handsome student named Souta, who turns out to be a “Closer” — a person _____(charge) with “closing doors to another world”.
【答案】charged
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一天，当她骑自行车去学校的时候，她遇到了一个名叫Souta的英俊学生，他原来是一个“关闭者”——一个负责“关闭另一个世界的门”的人。分析句子结构可知，逻辑主语person和非谓语动词charge (赋予……职责或任务)之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填charged。
8.（河北省石家庄市2023-2024学年高三试题）Abduk Basit Khan, a Pakistani exhibitor participating in the expo for the second time, attended the fair. He showed Pakistani jade(玉器) products, specially designed for the Chinese market, and expressed hope for a better year ______ (compare) to the previous one. He mentioned that the Chinese market is significant for jade products, and his businesshas been operating in China for 10 years.
【答案】compared
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他展示了专为中国市场设计的巴基斯坦玉器产品，并表示希望今年比去年更好。分析句子结构可知短语be compared to，此处省略be动词，用过去分词作状语。故填compared。
9．（2024·福建·高三模拟） (select) from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
【答案】Selected
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从世界各地的收藏品中挑选出来，这是他40多年来第一次大型作品展览。select与逻辑主语it之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Selected。
10．（2023·河南信阳·高三试题） (found) in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.
【答案】Founded
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：1905年革命后，该公司在莫斯科成立，最终于20世纪20年代末落户特拉维夫。分析句子可知，“(found) in Moscow after the 1905 revolution”作状语，found(成立)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语the company之间是被动关系，且“found”这一动作已经完成，应用过去分词表示被动和完成；句首单词首字母大写。故填Founded。过去分词
题型 年份 卷别 过去分词 功能 考情分析
语法填空 2024 新高考I卷 closed 作表语 新旧高考英语语法填空有关动词的题对比： 新高考：分析近年高考真题可知，新高考在命题考查加重对非谓语动词知识点与长难句综合运用的考查，对非谓语动词的各种形式，结合语态进行综合设题，难度较大。 旧高考：侧重动词时态和主谓一致，相对简单。 复习目标： 掌握过去分词的基本用法。 掌握过去分词和不定式、现在分词的区别。 掌握过去分词短语作定语、表语、补语、状语的用法。
新高考II卷 inspired 作定语
浙江1月 designed 作定语
2023 新高考Ⅰ卷 recognized 作定语
全国甲卷 intended 作定语
全国乙卷 built 作定语
天津卷第一次 posted 作定语
浙江1月 surrounded 作定语
2022 全国甲卷 held 作定语
全国乙卷 shared 作定语
北京卷卷 supported 作定语
浙江1月 studied 作定语
【基础详单】
知识点1 过去分词的概念及特点
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）三类，它们没有人称和数的变化，但根据发生的时间、状态及主被动关系有形式
上的变化，还可以有自己的宾语和状语。
过去分词构成形式：done
过去分词基本用法：过去分词只有一种形式，表示有关被动的或者是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中不可作谓语，可以作定语、表语、宾语、补语或状语。
考点一 过去分词句法功能
知识点1 作定语
过去分词作定语表示一个被动的、已发生的动作； 单个分词修饰名词作前置定语；分词短语修饰名词作后置定语。
【名师提醒】过去分词作定语，表示被动，相当于省略了“which/that+be”的定语从句。
The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。
I spotted the girl dressed in white.我认出了那个穿白色衣服的女孩。
The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero.
他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。
The houses built last year are for the teachers.
=The houses that/which were built last year are for the teacher.这些去年建好的房子是为老师准备的。
典例1.（2024新高考II卷）A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ______ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
典例2.（2023新高考I卷）Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
【变式训练】1.（2024·江苏泰州·模拟预测）Together through Connectivity”,the competition centered on the global practices of China’s modernization drive and highlighted the universal understanding of the BRI’s spirit and China’s strong desire to build a community with a (share)future for mankind.
【变式训练】2.（2024·湖南长沙·模拟预测） (write) poetry is thought to have been recorded about 2000
BC with The Epic of Gilgamesh.
知识点2 作补语
场合 用法 示例
观感类 使役类 动词后 表感觉或心理状态的动词如notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel。 表示“致使”意义的动词如have, get, keep, leave, make等后。 I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 He spoke in a loud voice in order to make himself heard.他大声讲话，以便让别人听到。
with结构 1.过去分词作宾语补足语表示一个被动的、已完成的动作； 2.对比：该结构中动词不定式表示将要发生的动作；现在分词表示一个主动动作； 3.省略with则该结构变为独立主格结构。 With his homework finished, he went to the park to play. 作业写完了，他便去公园玩了。 She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。
【名师提醒】过去分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑宾语，该动词与宾语之间有动宾关系。
He is a humorous man and he always keeps us amused with his jokes.
他是个很幽默的人，总是用他的笑话让我们消遣。
I found him buried in a novel. 我发现他在埋头读一本小说。
典例1.（2024·重庆·三模）By the end of last year, 97 percent of primary and secondary schools in Zibo had completed the digital transformation, with 295 schools establishing smart campuses (equip) with multimedia classrooms.
典例2.（23-24高三·四川泸州·阶段练习）With its fascinating history, cultures and customs (bring) back to the island by overseas Chinese, the atmosphere of Haikou is more than worth experiencing.
【变式训练】1.With all the books he was interested in (buy), Tom left the bookshop with great satisfaction.
【变式训练】2.The app keeps you (update) on all your favorite topics and current events.
知识点3 作表语
1.过去分词作表语，表示“感到……”，常修饰人的状态或感受。表示主语是动作的承受者。但修饰人的表情也常用过去分词。常见动词如：amazed（感到惊讶的）； bored（感到无聊的）；confused（困惑的）；delighted（开心的）；depressed（低落的）；determined（下定决心的）； disappointed（失望的）；excited（兴奋的）；embarrassed（尴尬的）；exhausted（筋疲力尽的）；frightened（令人惊骇的）；frustrated（消沉的）； interested（感兴趣的）；satisfied （满意度）；surprised（吃惊的）；moved（感动的） The pupils will get confused if they learn too much at a time. 如果学生一次学太多，他们会感到困惑。 2.be+不及物动词的过去分词，一般是系表结构。如：gone消失了，不在了； fallen落下的； known著名的； mistaken无解的，弄错的等。
【易错提醒】1.作表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词容易混淆。但被动语态表示主语的动作，作表语的过去分词表示主语所处的状态。 2.现在分词作表语，说名主语的身份、性质或情况，主语大多是物。表示“令人......的”。
The window is broken.（系表结构，表示主语the window所处的状态broken）这扇窗户碎了。
The window was broken by Tim.（被动语态，表示动作）这扇窗户是Tim打碎的。
The book is interesting and I’m interested in it. 这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。
典例1.（2024·湖北黄冈·模拟预测）Because it is so (hide) and the land on either side of the canyon is the same height, people sometimes come across it without warning.
典例2.（2024高三·全国· 模拟试题）It is recognised that people making friends online are afraid of getting (cheat).
【变式训练】Vehicles go faster than ever, but they remain (trap) in traffic jams.
知识点4 作状语
过去分词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语，强调该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系；为了强调，还可以与while, when, once, if, unless等连词连用。
例1.Warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.（=Though he was warned...）虽然被警告危险，他仍旧到薄冰上滑冰。
例2.The professor came into the classroom, followed by some students.教授走进教室，几个学生跟在后面。
Given more time, I can finish the work.（=If I am given...）
Seen from the hill, the city looks more beautiful.从山顶看，这座城市显得格外美丽。
典例1.（2024高三·福建·期末） (see) from above, the shape of this building is like a figure“8”or the infinity sign “∞”.
典例2.（2024四川高三期中） (strike) by the beauty of the moment, we sat there, feeling proud to have witnessed such a magical sight.
【变式训练】1. (make) from seeds, leaves and flowers, incense has been used as an enjoyable pursuit for scholars.
【变式训练】2.First (manufacture) in Shanghai in the 1940s, White Rabbit wasn’t only a household name in China, it also was used as gifts for foreign dignitaries (政要).
知识点5 非谓语动词解题步骤
归纳 找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语。 判断非谓语动词所作的成分。 作主语或宾语，常用动名词表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况； 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式； 作伴随状语、时间、方式等状语，常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，若是被动关系，用过去分词。
考点二 过去分词用于省略句
知识点1 连词+过去分词
过去分词作状语相当于一个状语从句。当从句中的主语和主句主语保持一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可以省略be动词，如果，从句中是被动结构时，即构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语。
When completed, the road will be open to public. 当这条铁路修好后，将会对公众开放。
=When it is completed, ...
Though he was warned danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
=Though warned danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
典例1.（23-24高三·福建·期末）To any neighboring countries, border issues, unless (handle) properly, will directly affect the relationship between them and even lead to conflicts.
典例2.（2024高三·河北石家庄·阶段练习）To guarantee security, children, when ( accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
【变式训练】1. The passengers on board were asked to fasten their seat belts as (instruct) the moment they settled down.
【变式训练】2.Though still (practice) today, the tea ceremony may not be as popular as it used to be.
知识点2 过去分词构成独立主格结构
“名词/代词+过去分词”中，名词或代词是过去分词的逻辑主语，与分词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，是分词动作的承受者，在句中作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。
All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.积蓄全部用完了，我们就开始找工作。
= Because all our savings had been gone...
Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it.
专心致志地听着讲座，所有注意力全用在上面了。
Many things settled, the manager looks relaxed.
很多事情处理好了，经理看上去很轻松。
典例1.（2024高三·重庆模拟）A large number of paintings are collected and displayed in the British Museum, the most famous one (estimate) to be worth more than 80 million dollars.
典例2.（2024·高三全国模拟）Eyes raised, I see the moon so bright; Head (bend), in homesickness I am drowned.
【变式训练】Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention________ (fix) on it.
真题实战
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.（2024·浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs __________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
2.（2023·全国乙卷）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully (build) system of ring roads.
3.（2022·北京卷）Why do humans prefer some smells over others One theory, increasingly _______ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned.
4.（2021·新高考II卷）I was so________ (excite) when he wrote back to me.
5.（2020·浙江卷1月）The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ____________ (compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population
6.（2020全国II卷）They make great gifts and you see them many times ___________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
二、 命题演练
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
（2024·河北高三模拟）As China has more than 297 million people (age) 60 and over, according to the latest statistics, this day has grown in popularity over the years.
（2024·湖南长郡中学·高三模拟）The number pi, or π, is equal to the circumference (圆周长) of a circle______ (divide) by the circle’s diameter (直径).
3.（2024高三·河北秦皇岛·阶段练习）All the opinions and ideas (collect) from others can give the decision maker a more comprehensive picture of the current situation and help him or her make a correct decision.
4.（2024高三·广东·阶段练习）In 2004, a museum (dedicate) to Qiaopi opened in Shantou City, Guangdong, where almost all families have saved such letters in their homes.
（2024高三·湖北·模拟预测）High-end Dragon Well, tasting like spring’s first green vegetables accented by chestnuts (roast) with sugar, can sell for 15 to over a hundred dollars an ounce.
6.（2024·江西九江·二模）Among the over 5,000 precious relics (excavate)from the ruins, the most eye-catching is the Golden Sun Bird.
7.（四川省绵阳市高中2023-2024学年诊断试题）One day when she is cycling to school, she bumps into a handsome student named Souta, who turns out to be a “Closer” — a person _____(charge) with “closing doors
to another world”.
8.（河北省石家庄市2023-2024学年高三试题）Abduk Basit Khan, a Pakistani exhibitor participating in the expo for the second time, attended the fair. He showed Pakistani jade(玉器) products, specially designed for the Chinese market, and expressed hope for a better year ______ (compare) to the previous one. He mentioned that the Chinese market is significant for jade products, and his businesshas been operating in China for 10 years.
9．（2024·福建·高三模拟） (select) from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
10．（2023·河南信阳·高三试题） (found) in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.
