Unit 1 The Changing World>Topic 1 Our country has developed rapidly.知识点

Unit 1 Topic 1 Our country has developed rapidly
1 .※ see ( watch , hear , find , feel ) sb doing sth .
In one place I saw c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hildren working for a cruel boss . I felt my heart beating .
You will see bees and butterflies dancing . ( P25 )
I found a purse lying ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) on the ground . I heard someone singing in the next room .
※ see ( watch , he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ar , let , have , make , notice , etc .) sb do sth .
I saw her dance on the stage 我看见她在台上跳舞了。（表示动作已经完成）
They saw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) him jump into the water . We heard Mr Green answer the phone .
※ ask ( tell , inv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ite , force , get使, beg , allow , wish , want , encourage , order , cause ,etc ) sb to do sth .
It causes the lev ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )el of the sea to rise and the climate of the earth to change . (P37 )
I’ll get two stud ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ents to come to the front . Mother doesn’t allow me to go out at night .
Our teacher often encourages us to study hard .
2 . I have been to Mount Huang with my parents .
现在完成时
① 现在完成时的句子结构 ：肯定句结构 ：
否定句结构 ： 一般疑问句结构 ：
② 过去分词的构成方法 ：规则变化， 变法同过去式的变法 ； 不规则变化 ，（积累）。
常用的动词过去分词有 ：done , gon ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e , come , left , seen , been , had , written , spoken , said , told , begun , made , taken , given , known , bought , got , found , taught , lost , eaten , put , cut , read , etc .
③ 用法 ：
用法 ：（1）
例如 ：I have se ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en the film . She has had lunch . Have you finished the work yet
用法 ：（2）
例如 ：I have t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aught here over 10 years . How long has she worked in the company
用法 ：（3）
例如 ：I have been to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Beijing twice . He has gone to Beijing . Where have they gone
用法 ：（4）曾经经历过的行为
④ 现在完成时与时间的关系 ： 现在完成时中不能使用明确的过去时间，如yesterday ,
last week , in 1981 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), then , just now , a moment ago , five years ago 等等 。
I have returned it a moment ago . ×
现在完成时中常用的时间是：for + 一段时间， since + 时间点 。
例如 ：I have been he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re for two hours . I have lived here since five years ago (since 1998) .
⑤ 动词的替换 ： 英语中的有些词是“终止性动词”， 这类词不能和一段时间连用，可以将它们进行必要的变化后再和一段时间连用 。替换 ：
come / arrive – be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(in) , leave – be away , begin / start – be on , become – be
stop – be over ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), borrow – keep , buy – have , open（动词） – be open （形容词）,
close – be closed（形 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )容词） , join – be in / be a member of , die – be dead ,
come back – be back ,
例如 ：The train has lef ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t for twenty minutes . × → The train has been away for twenty minutes .
也可以改成一般过去时态 ： The train left twenty minutes ago . (其余变法类似) 。
⑥ 现在完成时中常用的副词有 ：already (已经) ，用于肯定句 ； yet (已经) ，用于疑问句 ；
ever (曾经) ； never （不曾，从没有--- ）
I have already ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) read the book . Have you read the book yet Not yet .
Have you ever read the book Never . 不说 ：Not ever .
附 ： so far 到目前为止 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) , in the past ( last ) + 一段时间 “在过去的------ 时间中”, 常用在现在完成时态中，in 也可以换成during 或over .
如：So far , our gove ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rnment has taken many measures to control the population .(P13)
We haven’t had any t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rouble so far . So far , we have learned two thousand English words .
In the last three years , they have planted millions of trees .
What have you done in the last five days
In the last few days s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he has been in hospital and hasn’t got well yet . (注意 ：few前不能用 a )
3 动词不定式的用法
※ 表示目的
She has gone to Cuba to be a volunteer . (P1)
I have been to an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )English training school to improve my English . (P1)
I have also joined the English club to improve my oral English .
Let’s work hard to make our dreams come true . (P95 )
※ 做定语
动词不定式做定语时，它与所修饰的词之间 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )往往有动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，或者其本身有宾语，后面应该有必要的介词。但当动词不定式所修饰的名词是place , way 等词时，不定式后面通常没有介词。
We found a room to l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ive in . I have no paper to write on .
It’s difficult to find new land to put the rubbish in . ( P39 )
Most of them had no chance to go to school .
As a matter of fact , it’s a wonderful place to live . (P17)
We all need a quiet place to study . ( P34 )
We still have a long way to go . （ P13 ）
4 . But there wer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e so many people there that I couldn’t find a proper place to take photos .
such 与 so
① such 是形容词 ， s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uch + n . e .g such a boy , such books , such weather . 以上结构中
的名词前都可以加上形容词 。 例 ：s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uch a clever boy , such good books , such bad weather .
② so 是副词 ， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 修饰形容词或副词 。 e .g I am so glad . / The story is so interesting .
常用so many / much / few / little + 名词 .
so many ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) people , so much water , so few mistakes , so little money .
③ such a (an) + adj + n = so + adj + a (an) + n . 例如：such a clever boy = so clever a boy .
另外 ：so 和 such 都能和that 一起引导状语从句
The weather is so bad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that we can’t go out for a walk . = It is such bad weather that we can’t ---- .
5 . so that 引导状语从句
① 从句中有情态动词时，一般表示目的 ; 不用情态动词 。通常还有逗号隔开 。一般表示结果 。
He turned down the radio so that his neighbors wouldn’t hear it .
He got up late , so that he missed the train .
再比较 ：He raised his voice so that everyone could hear him .
He raised his voice , so that everyone heard him .
② 也可用so------- that ------ ， 引导结果状语从句 。 “如此------ ，以至于------”
He was so excited that he could not speak freely .
③ such ----- that 也可以引导结果状语从句 。“如此----- ，以至于-----”。但such 后面跟名词 。
It is such an interesting book that we all like it .
= =
6 . Have you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ever taken part in any social activities during summer holidays .
take part in … 参加 … ， take an active part in … 积极参加 …
take part in 则表示参加某种工作或事业，并起一定的作用，如参加革命。建设、劳动
比赛、会议等 。如：
How many countries took part in the last Olympic Games
Our teacher will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) take part in the meeting . I’ll take part in the long jump .
My son takes an active part in saving water .
7 . join加入某一组织、党派、团体或 某人的行列，并成为其中一员 。
join the party / grou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )p / team / club / you. He joined the Party last year . Why not join us
当叙述参加某种活动，如游戏、比赛时可以 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用join in。 join in the game / cleaning / the picnic .
如 ：We all joined ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in the game（volleyball match） . Why didn’t you join in the talk
be in + 活动 表示“参加某活动”，相当于take part in / join in .
I’ll be in the long jump and the high jump .
8 . What a wonderful experience !
感叹句
※ What + a (an ) + 形容词 + 名词 + （主语 + 谓语） ！
What a wonderful experience (it is ) !
What sweet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )music (it is )! What beautiful flowers they are !
※ How + 形容词 + 主语 + 连系动词 ！
（ be , look , sound ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) , taste , smell , feel , get 变得, turn变得, become变得, go 变得，成为 etc ）
How clever the bo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y is ! How sweet the music sounds !
How happy they are to see each other !
(状语，表示happy 的原因)
※ How + 副词 + 主语 + 行为动词 ！
How fast he is running ! How carefully he writes !
※ 其它：How + 主语 + ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 动词（短语）！ How time flies ! How you’ve grown 你都长这么大了！
What fun we had !
9 . though / althou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gh （虽然，尽管）， 不与but 连用， even though / even if 带有强调的意味，
语气较强； though / although语气弱 。
Even though / Even if the work was hard , they enjoyed themselves .
如： Though I had no time to travel , I still felt very happy . √
I had no time to travel , but I still felt very happy . √
Though I had no time to travel , but I still felt very happy ×
because 与 so 也是这样。
（even though 还可以引导让步状语从句“即使…”， though 不能这么用）
We must have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a meeting it will rain tomorrow . I have something important to tell you .
A . even though ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B . though C . but D . if
（仁爱，AB卷，08 – 09 上，Unit 3 , Topic 1 ）
10. have a …life 过一个 … 的生活
My grann ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y told me that most children had a hard life in the past .
They had a hard l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ife in the past . We have a happy(normal ) life nowadays .
11 . in detail 详细地
Can you describe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) it in detail Tell me what happened in detail.
12 . afford 常与ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n, could, be able to 连用 , 担负得起费用(损失、后果等), 花费得起, 经受得住;
抽得出 (时间)
Parents could ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n’t afford an education for their children . At last we are able to afford a house .
Can you afford $12000 for a car 你花得起12000美元买辆汽车吗？
If we could afford it , we'd like to go abroad for our holidays.
13 . enough
① 修饰形、副词时放在形、副词之后 .修饰名词时放在名词前后都可，但习惯上都放在前面 。
They worked day and night and never had enough food to eat .
There is enough food [food enough] for everybody.
② 在 adj (adv) + enough to do sth 结构中， 如果该句是否定句那么不定式也表示否定意义 。
He didn't run fast enough to catch the train. 他跑得不够快, 没赶上火车。
③ enough to do sth 结构中 ，如果不定式是不及物动词且和主语有逻辑上的动宾关系 ，那么
不定式后面应加上一个相应的介词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 。 The ice is not thick enough to skate on .（联想too---to ）
④ 其否定结构与too ---- to ， so-----that 结构的同义句转换 。
The camera is , but I don’t have to pay for it .
A . cheap enough , ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )enough money B . enough cheap , enough money C . enough cheap , …
The book is boring few of us like it .
A . too , to B . enough , to C . so , that D . such , that
The room is to hold 40 people .
A . big enou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gh B . enough big C . small enough D . enough small
14 . In ord ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er to help support their families , they had to work for the bosses .
support 动词。养家糊口
He helped his mother support his family in the past .
support 不可数名词。 give support to sb / give sb support 为某人提供帮助
The government giv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es support to poor families . She always gives her husband support .
15 . in the 1960s , 二十世纪六十年代。读作： “… 十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人
的岁数或年代。指年代时只能用the, 指岁数时还可以用his , my , her 等等形容词性物主代词。
He is in his （the ） early thirties . 她有三十来岁（31 – 34 ）
He died still in hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s (the ) forties 他四十多就死了。 This took place in the 1930s (或1930 ’ s ).
16 . keep in touch w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ith … ，与 …保持联系 get in touch with … ， 与…取得联系
People kept in touc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h with their friends and relatives far away mainly by letter .
You can get in touch with me at the office if necessary .
Keep in touch ! 保持联系！
17 . appear (vi) . 后面不能跟宾语 。应说 ：某人（某物）出现了 ，不能说：出现了----
More and more ring roa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ds have appeared . A car appeared over the hill . The stars appear .
In 1949 New China appeared in the world .
appearance n. 出现, 露面, 外貌, 外观 She has an attractive appearance
18 . not only -----but also 不仅------而且 ----- ， 有时 also可省略 。
Children can st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )udy not only in modern schools but also on the Internet .
He is not only a doctor but also a nurse .
My brother can not only drive a car but also fly a plane .
连接两个主语时使用 ：就近原则 。
Not only you but ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )also your teacher was wrong . Not only Jim but also his wife works in the USA .
19 . make prog ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ress , 取得进步，(progress是不可数名词) Beijing has made rapid progress .
make progress with … , 在…方面取得进步。
You have made progress ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) with your English. He made progress with his work .
20 . It has already s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ucceeded in hosting the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games .
be successful in (doin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g ) sth . / succeed in ( doing ) sth / success in (doing) sth 成功地做某事
She was success ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ful in passing the exam . They were successful in returning from the moon .
We succeeded in arriving in Beijing at last .
I didn’t have much success in finding a job . 我找工作没什么结果。
It is famous for its s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uccess in helping homeless people return to a normal life . (P21)
I’m proud of her success in passing the exam .
21 . What has happened to Beijing’s roads nowadays
happen
① 表示偶然的没有预料到的事情的发生，是短暂性动词，不能和一段时间连用 。如：
An accident h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )appened in that street . The accident has happened for three hours . ×
② 某人发生了什么事要用sth happen to sb
What happened to her 不说 What did she happen
③ happen to do / be sth 碰巧
Her birthday happens to be New Year’s Day .
I happened to meet him yesterday .
④ what happen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed ， what has happened ， what was happening ， what was happened ×
附 ：take place也是“发生 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“。 表示必然的发生或布置、策划好后举行的 。是短暂性动词，不能和一段时间连用 。如：Great changes took place last year in my hometown
Great changes have taken place in China recently .
[ ] Do you know ？
A. what was happened to him B. what did he happen
C. what he happened D. what happened to him
22 . consider 考虑，
First , consider it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )carefully . Please consider my suggestions .
consider doing sth I’m considering changing my job .
23 . be popular with . 在---人中很流行用with （也可以用among）
The organization ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is very popular with young people in their community .
This book is very popular with the students (不用 for ，但用among可以 )
24 . in the open ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )air . We watched a movie in the open air . We eat mooncakes in the open air .
25 . thanks to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) … “由于--- ” “幸亏----” ，引导一个短语，在句中做状语表示原因，相当于because of … .
Thanks to the go ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vernment’s efforts (努力) , LiMing’s hometown is becoming better and better .
Thanks to your help , we finished the work ahead of time .
Thanks to your carelessness , we lost our game .