武汉市第十一中学2025届高二6月考
高二 英语试卷
考试时间： 2024年6月1日7: 50-9: 50 试卷满分：150 分
第一部分听力 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共 5 小题；每小题 1. 5 分，满分 7. 5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例： How much is the shirt
A. 19. 15 B. 9. 18 C. 9. 15
答案是 C。
1. What will the speakers do next
A. Go to the supermarket. B. Drive home. C. Make a list.
2. What is the man doing
A. Riding a bike. B. Driving a car. C. Checking a motorbike
3. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Strangers. B. Schoolmates. C. Roommates.
4. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In a school B. In a bookshop. C. In a cleaner’s room.
5. How many times was Philip told his dinner was ready
A. One B. Two. C. Three.
第二节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1. 5 分，满分 22. 5 分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What has the weather been like recently
A. Cloudy. B. Rainy. C. Sunny.
7. What is the man’s advice to the woman
A. Buying a new phone. B. Taking an umbrella. C. Traveling by car.
听第7 段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What happened to the woman’s story
A. It was copied. B. It was lost. C. It was stolen.
9. Why is the woman advised to eat something
A. To avoid her misfortune. B. To cheer herself up. C. To kill her time.
听第8 段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. When will the man graduate
A. This week. B. In a year. C. In three months.
11. What does the woman suggest the man do before graduation
A. Borrow some money. B. Get a part-time job. C. Keep studying
12. What has the woman started doing
A. Looking for full-time jobs. B. Working as a teacher. C. Applying for jobs.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the man doing
A. Preparing for a meeting. B. Exercising. C. Cooking
14. How does the woman sound at the man’s weight loss
A. Serious B. Surprised. C. Hopeful
15. How does the man go to work now
A. By bike B. By bus. C. By train.
16. What will the man do to help the woman
A. Make salads for her. B. Go jogging with her. C. Lend a book to her.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is the speaker mainly talking about
A. His feeling after receiving an award.
B. His experience about traveling around
C. His preference for different music types.
18. Where is the speaker from
A. Ireland B. Scotland. C. England.
19. What did the speaker most recently announce to the public
A. A single song B. A three-song collection. C. A twelve-song collection.
20. Who will speak next
A. A young musician. B. One of the speaker’s fans. C. The host of the ceremony.
第二部分 阅读理解 (共20 小题，每小题 2. 5 分，满分50 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题，每小题 2. 5 分，满分 37. 5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Every event here features a noted scientist who discusses a different cosmic (宇宙的) topic. They will be presented with a live stream to our Science World official website and questions can be asked in the website chat.
Black Holes
7:30 PM-8:30 PM, May. 19, 2023
Description: Most galaxies (星系) have a supermassive black hole at their center. These black holes help determine how galaxies will develop over time. Join Dr. Ansel Netscher for an outline of black holes. You can also explore how supermassive black holes may decide the development of galaxies.
The Webb Imagery
8:00 PM-9:30 PM, May. 28, 2023
Description: The amazing visions have attracted the world. But there’s a long and involved process by which scientists’ black-and-white observational data is transformed into dynamic color imagery for the public. Join image specialist Ralph Wilson as he discusses the art and science of translating infrared light.
Hunt for Distant Worlds
7:00 PM-8:00 PM, Jun. 3, 2023
Description: Since the discovery of the first planet orbiting a Sun-like star in 1995, more than 4, 000 exoplanets have been found. These widespread planet systems confirm that our solar system is just one of many in our Milky Way galaxy. The discovery of such systems has provided interesting insights, challenging our views about how planet systems form and develop. Join Dr. Amanda Garcia as she describes the scientific hunt for these distant worlds.
Mars and Beyond
10:00 AM-11:30 AM, Jun.4, 2023
Description: Will we ever reach Mars And what will it take to travel to other stars Dr. Camille Lopez will meet these questions with a speech of what we can expect in the next 30 years. It’s based on what is practical and reasonable when we consider the biological, economic, and philosophical concerns that connect with the engineering challenges of space habitation and exploration.
1. Interested in the development of planet or star system, you can choose ________.
① Black Holes
② The Webb Imagery
③ Hunt for Distant Worlds
④ Mars and Beyond
A. ①④ B. ②④ C. ①③ D. ②③
2. What will you learn from Mars and Beyond
A. Prospect of space travel. B. Application of art to science.
C. The origin and future of Mars. D. Detailed plan of space habitation.
3. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To publicize online public lectures.
B. To compare events of studying science.
C. To stress the importance of space exploration.
D. To expand people’s knowledge about universe.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个网上讲座的情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Black Holes部分中“These black holes help determine how galaxies will develop over time.(这些黑洞有助于确定星系如何随着时间的推移而发展)”以及Hunt for Distant Worlds部分中“The discovery of such systems has provided interesting insights, challenging our views about how planet systems form and develop.(这些系统的发现提供了有趣的见解，挑战了我们关于行星系统如何形成和发展的观点)”可知，对行星或恒星系统的发展感兴趣，可以选择Black Holes和Hunt for Distant Worlds。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一部分“Description: Will we ever reach Mars And what will it take to travel to other stars Dr. Camille Lopez will meet these questions with a speech of what we can expect in the next 30 years.(我们会到达火星吗？去其他星球旅行需要什么？卡米尔·洛佩斯博士将在演讲中回答这些问题，讲述我们对未来30年的期望)”可知，可以从Mars and Beyond了解到太空旅行的前景。故选A。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Every event here features a noted scientist who discusses a different cosmic (宇宙的) topic. They will be presented with a live stream to our Science World official website and questions can be asked in the website chat.(这里的每个活动都有一位著名的科学家来讨论不同的宇宙主题。他们将在我们的科学世界官方网站上进行直播，并可以在网站聊天中提出问题)”结合文章主要介绍了四个网上讲座的情况。可推知，文章的主要目的是宣传网上公开讲座。故选A。
B
When the need for information technology service arises, it can be a stressful moment—the user is locked out of their computer, or a program isn’t working properly. But if you ask anyone in the MIT departments of Chemistry and Physics, or the News Office—the Institute divisions that are fortunate enough to have Greg Walton as their IT service provider, they’ll acknowledge that not only is Walton the best, but whatever the issue is, he will see it through until all involved are satisfied with the outcome. Walton usually arrives on the scene with endless positive energy that transforms a technical annoyance into an enjoyable interaction, regardless of how many other IT fires he has already put out that day.
The qualities that make him a star employee extend far beyond the campus. After spending his early years in foster care Walton lived with his great-grandmother, but mostly, he was left to support himself. While many children might, understandably, lie flat under such unsupervised circumstances, Walton excelled academically and athletically at high school. He became the first person in his family to graduate from high school, and enrolled in college.
Walton seized the chance to enroll in Year Up, a program aiming to close the “opportunity divide” by providing young adults with the skills, experience, and support that will empower them to reach their potential through professional careers and higher education. Walton remains an active ambassador for the organization.
In June of 2007,armed with shining recommendations, Walton was hired as a temp (临时工) at MIT.He eventually worked his way up to where he is today—an invaluable asset (不可或缺的人) to three departments.“I do feel lucky to work at MIT,” he says.“I’ve had the ability to tour the country sharing my story in hopes that some people may be inspired and employers may see young adults with tough backgrounds differently.”
In addition to Year Up, he is involved with a number of organizations committed to helping young adults overcome their troubled pasts. This desire to have a positive impact on people’s lives extends seamlessly into his work at MIT. “Giving back is very important to me,” Walton says. “So many people have invested their time and energy into helping me, so I feel it would be an injustice not to do so.”
4. Staff members in MIT sing high praise for Walton mainly because________.
A. he enjoys interacting with his clients
B. he knows how to put out fires for others
C. he solves problems with a positive attitude
D he is good at developing computer programs
5. What do we know about Walton before he went to college
A. He depended on his great-grandma for a living.
B. He stood out in study and sports in high school.
C. He lay flat just like other unsupervised children.
D. He was supported by foster care for better education.
6. Why did Walton get involved with a lot of organizations
A. To share his troubled past with young adults.
B. To pay back to society by helping young adults.
C. To advise businesses to treat young adults fairly.
D. To promote education equality among young adults.
7. What can we conclude from Walton’s story
A. One good turn deserves another.
B. Opportunities favor the prepared mind.
C. Education is a powerful weapon to change the world.
D. One’s future is defined by his efforts, not by his origin.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述沃尔顿，虽然小时候是在寄养家庭长大，但是一直非常努力和出色，后来成为麻省理工的临时工作人员，致力于帮助年轻人解决麻烦问题来回馈社会。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“But if you ask anyone in the MIT departments of Chemistry and Physics, or the News Office—the Institute divisions that are fortunate enough to have Greg Walton as their IT service provider, they’ll acknowledge that not only is Walton the best, but whatever the issue is, he will see it through until all involved are satisfied with the outcome. (但如果你问麻省理工学院化学系和物理系的任何人，或者新闻办公室——学院的部门，他们很幸运地拥有格雷格·沃尔顿作为他们的IT服务提供商，他们会承认沃尔顿不仅是最好的，而且无论问题是什么，他都会坚持到底，直到所有参与者都对结果感到满意。)”可知麻省理工学院的工作人员对沃尔顿的高度赞扬主要是因为他以积极的态度解决问题，故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“While many children might, understandably, lie flat under such unsupervised circumstances, Walton excelled academically and athletically at high school. (可以理解的是，许多孩子在这种无人监督的环境下可能会躺平，而沃尔顿在高中时在学业和运动方面都很出色。)”可知沃尔顿在高中学习和体育方面都很出色。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In addition to Year Up, he is involved with a number of organizations committed to helping young adults overcome their troubled pasts. This desire to have a positive impact on people’s lives extends seamlessly into his work at MIT. “Giving back is very important to me,” Walton says. “So many people have invested their time and energy into helping me, so I feel it would be an injustice not to do so.”(除了Year Up，他还参与了一些致力于帮助年轻人克服他们麻烦的过去的组织。这种对人们生活产生积极影响的愿望无缝地延伸到他在麻省理工学院的工作中。“回馈对我来说非常重要，”沃尔顿说。“这么多人投入了时间和精力来帮助我，所以我觉得不这样做是不公平的。”)”可知沃尔顿参与了这么多组织是通过帮助年轻人来回报社会。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其第一段“When the need for information technology service arises, it can be a stressful moment—the user is locked out of their computer, or a program isn’t working properly. But if you ask anyone in the MIT departments of Chemistry and Physics, or the News Office—the Institute divisions that are fortunate enough to have Greg Walton as their IT service provider, they’ll acknowledge that not only is Walton the best, but whatever the issue is, he will see it through until all involved are satisfied with the outcome. Walton usually arrives on the scene with endless positive energy that transforms a technical annoyance into an enjoyable interaction, regardless of how many other IT fires he has already put out that day. (当对信息技术服务的需求出现时，它可能是一个紧张的时刻——用户被锁在他们的计算机之外，或者一个程序不能正常工作。但如果你问麻省理工学院化学系和物理系的任何人，或者新闻办公室——学院的部门，他们很幸运地拥有格雷格·沃尔顿作为他们的IT服务提供商，他们会承认沃尔顿不仅是最好的，而且无论问题是什么，他都会坚持到底，直到所有参与者都对结果感到满意。沃尔顿通常带着无尽的正能量来到现场，将技术上的烦恼转化为愉快的互动，不管那天他已经解决了多少其他的IT问题。)”可知文章主要讲述沃尔顿，虽然小时候是在寄养家庭长大，但是一直非常努力和出色，后来成为麻省理工的临时工作人员，致力于帮助年轻人解决麻烦问题来回馈社会。故选D。
C
Gentle sound stimulation, also known as pink noise, may significantly enhance deep sleep in older adults and improve their ability to recall words, a new study has found.
Deep sleep is critical for memory consolidation. However, beginning in middle age, deep sleep decreases substantially, which scientists believe contributes to memory loss in aging. The sound stimulation significantly enhanced deep sleep in participants and their scores on a memory test. “This is an innovative, simple and safe non-medication approach that may help improve brain health,” said Phyllis Zee, professor at Northwestern University in the US. “This is a potential tool for enhancing memory in older populations and attenuating normal age-related memory decline,” said Zee.
Zee and a team of researchers gathered 13 adults, 60 and older, and monitored their sleep in a lab for two nights. On both nights, the participants took a memory test, went to bed while wearing headphones and a special cap, and took another memory test in the morning. But without the participants’ awareness, researchers only played pink noise into the headphones on one night. More specifically, they timed the sounds to match the participants’ slow-wave oscillations. During deep sleep, brain waves slow to about one oscillation per second, compared to about ten oscillations per second during wakefulness. The system they employed in the study allowed the team to deliver a low burst of pink noise at the “precise moment” when the participants’ slow waves rose — a pattern that is unique to each person.
The study found that participants’ slow waves increased after the night of sound stimulation, suggesting that they were getting more deep sleep. And on the morning after hearing pink noise, they performed three times better on memory tests than they did after sleeping without any sound stimulation.
Previous research showed pink noise during deep sleep could improve memory consolidation in young people. But it has not been tested in older adults. The new study targeted older individuals and used a novel sound system that increased the effectiveness of the sound stimulation in older populations.
The study was a relatively small one, so further research is needed to confirm its findings and to study how longer-term use of pink noise affects sleep. But Northwestern has taken steps to patent the researchers’ technology, which seems to have hit upon a way to stimulate slow waves at the right moment. The team hopes to develop an affordable device that people can use at home, from the comfort of their beds.
8. The new study mainly reveals that _____.
A. deep sleep consolidates old adults’ memory
B. pink noise boosts memory among the elderly
C. sleep disorders play a key role in memory loss
D. sound stimulation increases the length of sleep
9. The word “attenuating” in the second paragraph most probably means _____.
A. worsening B. reversing C. slowing down D. bringing about
10. What can be learned about the new study
A. It employed a sound system programmed in step with brain waves.
B. It compared the effects on older adults and on younger populations.
C. It repeated the experiment several times without the participants’ notice.
D. It adjusted the participants’ slow-wave oscillations to match the stimulations.
11. It can be inferred that the approach used in the study _____.
A. may put old adults in risk in the long run
B. has the potential to be applied in practice
C. requires an innovative and affordable device
D. needs Northwestern’s patent for confirmation
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项新的研究发现，轻柔的声音刺激，也被称为粉红噪音，可能会明显改善老年人的深度睡眠，并提高他们回忆单词的能力。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及方法。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Gentle sound stimulation, also known as pink noise, may significantly enhance deep sleep in older adults and improve their ability to recall words, a new study has found. (一项新的研究发现，轻柔的声音刺激，也被称为粉红噪音，可能会明显改善老年人的深度睡眠，并提高他们回忆单词的能力)”可知，这项新研究主要揭示了粉色噪音能提高老年人的记忆力。故选B。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“This is a potential tool for enhancing memory in older populations and”以及后文“normal age-related memory decline”可知，这是一种潜在的工具，可以增强老年人的记忆，缓解与年龄有关的正常记忆衰退。故画线词意思是“缓解”。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“More specifically, they timed the sounds to match the participants’ slow-wave oscillations. During deep sleep, brain waves slow to about one oscillation per second, compared to about ten oscillations per second during wakefulness. (更具体地说，他们对声音进行了定时，以匹配参与者的慢波振荡。在深度睡眠时，脑电波缓慢到大约每秒一次振荡，而在清醒时大约每秒10次振荡)”可知，新研究采用了一种与脑电波同步的音响系统。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“But Northwestern has taken steps to patent the researchers’ technology, which seems to have hit upon a way to stimulate slow waves at the right moment. The team hopes to develop an affordable device that people can use at home, from the comfort of their beds. (但西北大学已经采取措施为研究人员的技术申请专利，似乎找到了一种在正确的时间刺激慢波的方法。该团队希望开发一种价格合理的设备，人们可以在家里舒适地躺在床上使用)”可推知，本研究中使用的方法具有应用于实践的潜力。故选B。
D
Casting blame is natural: it is tempting to fault someone else for a mistake rather than taking responsibility yourself. But blame is also harmful. It makes it less likely that people will own up to mistakes, and thus less likely that organizations can learn from them. Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whose managers pointed to external factors to explain their failings underperformed companies that blamed themselves.
Blame culture can spread like a virus. Just as children fear mom and dad’s punishment if they admit to wrongdoing, in a blaming environment, employees are afraid of criticism and punishment if they acknowledge making a mistake at work. Blame culture asks, “who dropped the ball ” instead of “where did our systems and processes fail ” The focus is on the individuals, not the processes. It’s much easier to point fingers at a person or department instead of doing the harder, but the more beneficial, exercise of fixing the root cause, in which case the problem does not happen again.
The No Blame Culture was introduced to make sure errors and deficiencies (缺陷) were highlighted by employees as early as possible. It originated in organizations where tiny errors can have catastrophic (灾难性的) consequences. These are known as high reliability organizations (HROs) and include hospitals, submarines and airlines. Because errors can be so disastrous in these organizations, it’s dangerous to operate in an environment where employees don’t feel able to report errors that have been made or raise concerns about that deficiencies may turn into future errors. The No Blame Culture maximizes accountability because all contributions to the event occurring are identified and reviewed for possible change and improvement.
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), which supervises air traffic across the United States, makes it clear that its role is not to assign blame or liability but to find out what went wrong and to issue recommendations to avoid a repeat. The proud record of the airline industry in reducing accidents partly reflects no-blame processes for investigating crashes and close calls. The motive to learn from errors also exist when the risks are lower. That is why software engineers and developers routinely investigate what went wrong if a website crashes or a server goes down.
There is an obvious worry about embracing blamelessness. What if the website keeps crashing and the same person is at fault Sometimes, after all, blame is deserved. The idea of the “just culture”, a framework developed in the 1990s by James Reason, a psychologist, addresses the concern that the incompetent and the malevolent (恶意的) will be let off the hook. The line that Britain’s aviation regulator draws between honest errors and the other sort is a good starting-point. It promises a culture in which people “are not punished for actions or decisions taken by them that match with their experience and training”. That narrows room for blame but does not remove it entirely.
12. According to the research published in 2015, companies that ______ had better performance.
A. blamed external factors B. admitted their mistakes
C. conducted investigations D. punished the under performers
13. According to the passage, what do you learn about the No Blame Culture
A. It encourages the early disclosure of errors.
B. It only exists in high reliability organizations.
C. It enables people to shift the blame onto others.
D. It prevents organizations from making any error.
14. What is the major concern about embracing blamelessness according to the passage
A. Innocent people might take the blame by admitting their failure.
B. Being blamed for mistakes can destroy trust in employees.
C. The line between honest errors and the other sort is not clear.
D. People won’t learn their lessons if they aren’t blamed for failures.
15. Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A. Why We Fail to Learn from Our Own Mistakes
B. How to Avoid Disastrous Errors in Organizations
C. Why We Should Stop the Blame Game at Work
D. How to Deal with Workplace Blame Culture
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了工作中的责备问题，说明工作中不能一味地指责别人。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whose managers pointed to external factors to explain their failings underperformed companies that blamed themselves. (2015年发表的研究表明，那些经理们指出外部因素来解释自己失败的公司表现不如那些自责的公司。)”可知，研究表明，承认自己错误的公司业绩更好。故选B项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The No Blame Culture was introduced to make sure errors and deficiencies (缺陷) were highlighted by employees as early as possible. (引入‘无责备文化’，确保员工尽早指出错误和不足。)”可知，“无责备文化”就是鼓励及早披露错误。故选A项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“There is an obvious worry about embracing blamelessness. What if the website keeps crashing and the same person is at fault Sometimes, after all, blame is deserved. (人们显然对信奉无可指责感到担忧。如果网站一直崩溃，而罪魁祸首是同一个人，该怎么办？毕竟，有时候，受到责备是罪有应得。)”可知，对于信奉无可指责的担忧是如果人们不因失败而受到责备，他们就不会吸取教训。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Casting blame is natural: it is tempting to fault someone else for a mistake rather than taking responsibility yourself. (责备别人是很自然的：人们总是倾向于把错误归咎于别人，而不是自己承担责任。但是责备也是有害的。)”等内容可知，本文讨论了工作中的责备问题，说明工作中不能一味地指责别人。选项C“为什么我们应该停止工作中的指责游戏”符合主题，故选C项。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项；选项中有两项为多余选项。
In our modern world, there are endless alternatives. Have you ever found yourself wondering whether you should quit or stay in your job, accept an offer or give it up for another There is a simple and practical method that solves this problem.____16____When you understand the concept, you have the power to measure every alternative with precision and make the right decision.
In the field of economics, opportunity cost is the value that you have to give up when you choose an option over another good option.____17____Every time you choose something, you give up other alternatives together with their financial benefits. It is not all the other options, but the most valued one that is defined as the opportunity cost.
____18____Take the simple example of trying to decide whether to take public transportation for 80 minutes or to drive for 40 minutes. You might save on the cost of gas while riding the bus but double the trip length and miss out on other things you could have done during that time.____19____This is how you create priorities in your daily life.
Though useful in decision making, the biggest drawback of opportunity cost is that it’s often related to what’s hard to quantify.____20____After all, putting a number to your peaceful mind or happiness can be difficult.
Opportunity cost isn’t cut and dried. It varies from person to person. At the end of the day, you are in charge of what you own and what you want to gain.
A. It is about finding out the opportunity cost.
B. Weigh the losses and gains, and make your decision.
C. Opportunity cost matters not only in economics but also in real life.
D. This is especially true when the opportunity cost is of non-financial benefit.
E. The key principle underlying the idea is that there is no such thing as free lunch.
F. Most people overlook opportunity cost because the benefits are usually hidden from view.
G. It is the development of important skills that would help you move forward in your daily life.
【答案】16. A 17. E 18. C 19. B 20. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机会成本。
【16题详解】
根据上文“There is a simple and practical method that solves this problem.( 有一个简单实用的方法可以解决这个问题。)”和下文“When you understand the concept, you have the power to measure every alternative with precision and make the right decision.(当你理解了这个概念，你就有能力精确地衡量每一个选择，并做出正确的决定。)”可知，空处提到了一个概念，就是机会成本。A项中的“the opportunity cost”和下文中的“the concept”对应。A项：It is about finding out the opportunity cost.(这是关于找出机会成本。)符合语境。故选A。
【17题详解】
根据下文“Every time you choose something, you give up other alternatives together with their financial benefits.(每次你选择某样东西，你就放弃了其他的选择以及它们的经济利益。)”可知，下文举例说明机会成本的具体实施原则，选择了某样东西，就要放弃其他的选择以及它们的经济利益。E项：The key principle underlying the idea is that there is no such thing as free lunch.(这个观点的关键原则是，天下没有免费的午餐。)符合语境。故选E。
【18题详解】
空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Take the simple example of trying to decide whether to take public transportation for 80 minutes or to drive for 40 minutes.(举个简单的例子，试着决定是乘80分钟的公共交通工具还是开车40分钟。)”可知，本段主要讲述机会成本在日常生活中的应用。C项：Opportunity cost matters not only in economics but also in real life.(机会成本不仅在经济学中很重要，在现实生活中也很重要。)符合语境。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据上文“You might save on the cost of gas while riding the bus but double the trip length and miss out on other things you could have done during that time.(你可能会在乘坐公共汽车时节省汽油费用，但会使行程长度增加一倍，并错过在这段时间内你可以做的其他事情。)”可知，在做决定之前要权衡利弊。B项：Weigh the losses and gains, and make your decision.(权衡得失，再做决定。)符合语境。故选B。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Though useful in decision making, the biggest drawback of opportunity cost is that it’s often related to what’s hard to quantify. (虽然机会成本在决策中很有用，但它最大的缺点是它往往与难以量化的东西有关。)”可知，此处提出机会成本的局限性，结合下文“After all, putting a number to your peaceful mind or happiness can be difficult.(毕竟，用一个数字来形容你内心的平静或快乐是很困难的。)”可知，像情绪等非经济利益机会成本难以形容。D项：This is especially true when the opportunity cost is of non-financial benefit.(当机会成本是非经济利益时尤其如此。)符合语境。故选D。
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
I think we should try to find a happy memory, something to lift us on those unpleasant days. I’m saying this because I think I have just found mine.
I had some work in Glasgow then. I was on a really ____21____ schedule, which meant I would have no time for myself all day. I was having one of those days, when the train was completely ____22____ and the conversation around me seemed to be particularly meaningless. Besides, I had a bit of headache. Walking quickly across the station hall, I fished some ____23____ from my pocket. There was usually someone at the exit selling The Big Issue (a magazine that helps homeless folk earn a living).
As the crowd parted ways at the bottom of the hall, I saw someone selling The Big Issue. She really looked like she had been sleeping ____24____ . Her clothes were ____25____ and she obviously hadn’t had a scrub (擦洗) for quite a while.
As I ____26____ the exit, I saw that she was also ____27____ from side to side. At first I thought she was trying to keep ____28____ against the biting wind. But she wasn’t. She was moving in time to a ____29____. I couldn’t hear her, but I could see her lips moving.
When I got closer, I saw a white _____30_____ hanging from her elbow and noticed that she had sunken eyes. She was _____31_____ , dirty and living on the streets. I came closer and through the noise of the traffic I could hear her _____32_____ the immortal (不朽的) line, “... And I think to myself, what a wonderful world!”
I bought her last magazine for twice what I had originally _____33_____. She thanked me and _____34_____ her belongings and went tapping off along the pavement-still singing. So, I have my happy _____35_____ for that day, and I think it will stay with me for a long, long time.
21. A. enjoyable B. relaxing C. tight D. tiring
22. A. crowded B. delayed C. loaded D. crashed
23. A. cigarettes B. sweets C. change D. paper
24. A. comfortably B. rough C. soundly D. anxiously
25. A. shabby B. casual C. tidy D. fashionable
26. A. left B. passed C. approached D. examined
27. A. jumping B. climbing C. rolling D. rocking
28. A. active B. energetic C. warm D. awake
29. A. dance B. tune C. step D. sound
30. A. issue B. arm C. stick D. log
31. A. deaf B. lame C. mad D. blind
32. A. recite B. compose C. read D. sing
33. A. expected B. charged C. intended D. organized
34. A. picked up B. threw away C. turned out D. hid away
35. A. decision B. memory C. program D. design
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己的快乐回忆的经历。
21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的日程安排很紧，这意味着我一整天都没有自己的时间。A. enjoyable令人愉快的；B. relaxing令人放松的；C. tight紧的；D. tiring令人劳累的 。根据下文“which meant I would have no time for myself all day.”可知，我的日程安排很紧。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，火车上非常拥挤，我周围的谈话似乎特别没有意义。A. crowded拥挤；B. delayed拖延；C. loaded装上，装进；D. crashed撞击。根据下文“the conversation around me seemed to be particularly meaningless.”可知，人多嘴杂，所以说的话没有意义。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我快步穿过车站大厅，从口袋里掏出一些零钱。A. cigarettes烟草；B. sweets甜食；C. change零钱；D. paper纸。根据下文“There was usually someone at the exit selling The Big Issue”可知，作者掏出一些零钱，要买The Big Issue。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她看起来真的像是露宿街头。A. comfortably舒服地；B. rough粗糙地，风餐露宿；C. soundly酣畅地；明智地；D. anxiously焦虑地。根据下文“Her clothes were ____5____ and she obviously hadn’t had a scrub (擦洗) for quite a while.”可知，她外表看起来真的像是露宿街头。sleep rough露宿街头。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的衣服很破旧，显然她很久没洗了。A. shabby破旧的；B. casual 随意的 C.tidy 整洁的；D. fashionable时尚的。根据下文“she obviously hadn’t had a scrub (擦洗)”可知，衣服很旧。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我接近出口时，我看到她也在左右摇晃。A. left离开；B. passed通过；C. approached接近；D. examined检查。根据下文“I saw”可知，接近出口时，看到她在左右摇晃。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我接近出口时，我看到她在左右摇晃。A. jumping跳；B. climbing爬；C. rolling滚动；D. rocking（使）轻轻摇晃。根据下文“She was moving in time”可知，她在左右摇晃。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：起初我以为她是想在刺骨的寒风中取暖。A. active活跃的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. warm温暖的；D. awake醒着的。根据上文“Her clothes were ____5____”可知，作者以为她左右移动是为了取暖。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她随着曲调有规律地移动着。A. dance舞蹈；B. tune曲调；C. step步伐；D. sound声音。根据下文“I could hear her ____12____ the immortal (不朽的) line,”可知她随着曲调有规律地移动着。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我走近时，我看到她的胳膊肘上挂着一根白色的棍子，注意到她的眼睛凹陷了。A. issue问题；B. arm手臂；C. stick枯枝，枝条，棍子；D. log 原木。她的胳膊肘上挂着一根白色的棍子，更符合作者认为他是一个乞丐的形象。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她又瞎又脏，住在街上。A. deaf聋的；B. lame 瘸的；C. mad疯狂的；D. blind瞎的。根据上文“When I got closer, I saw a white ____10____ hanging from her elbow and noticed that she had sunken eyes.”和后文“dirty and living on the streets”可知，又瞎又脏符合语境。故选D项。
32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我走近一些，在车辆的嘈杂声中，我能听到她唱着那句不朽的歌词:“……我对自己说，多么美好的世界啊!”。A. recite背诵；B. compose作曲；C. read读； D. sing唱歌。根据上文“he was moving in time to a ____9____ .”可知，能听到她唱着那句不朽的歌词。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：买她最后一本杂志的价格是我原来打算的两倍。A. expected期望；B. charged收费；C. intended 打算；D. organized组织。作者本想买一本杂志，但是这个卖杂志的人感动了作者，所以买杂志的价格是原来打算的两倍。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她谢过我，拿起她的东西，沿着人行道走着——一边还唱着歌。A. picked up开车接某人，拿起，捡起；B. threw away扔掉；C. turned out结果是，证明是；D. hid away退隐。根据下文“went tapping off along the pavement-still singing”可知，她谢过我，拿起东西走了。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，我有我的快乐记忆的那一天，我认为它会留在我很长，很长一段时间。A. decision决心；B. memory记忆；C. program程序；D. design设计。根据上文“I think we should try to find a happy memory”可知，作者有我的快乐记忆的那一天。故选B项。
第二节 (共 10 小题，每小题 1. 5 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s common to see a barista (咖啡师) create coffee art, but it’s a whole different ball game doing the same thing with tea. Han Zheming, ____36____ 80-year-old Shanghai resident, has managed ____37____ (perfect) the skill, creating tea art in cups, or dian cha (点茶) in Chinese, which used to be a routine during the Song Dynasty (960-1279). Over the past decades, he ____38____ (use) tea and spoons to create nearly 200 patterns ____39____ (base) on ancient paintings.
It’s also his intention to bring the old ritual back to modern life and have more people appreciate ____40____ (it) charm. Dian cha in modern brewing enhances the taste of tea, Han says. ‘‘It is similar ____41____ the foam on top of a cup of coffee, except that it is made of tea rather than milk.”
Chinese tea culture started to enjoy ____42____ (popular) during the Tang Dynasty (618-907) and flourished throughout the Song Dynasty, ____43____ tea had become a necessity for almost everyone, from nobles and scholars to common people, just like other important items, such as rice, oil and salt, as suggested by Song politician and thinker Wang Anshi.
____44____ (total) different from the method of brewing tea during the Tang period, in the Song Dynasty, the popular way of having tea was through dian cha. The action of pouring hot water over fine powdered tea is called dian, hence the name dian cha, which _____45_____ (list) as an intangible cultural heritage of Runzhou district, Zhenjiang city, Jiangsu province, in 2019.
【答案】36. an 37. to perfect
38. has used
39. based 40. its
41. to 42. popularity
43. when 44. Totally
45. was listed
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“点茶”的历史和韩喆明是如何完善“点茶”技术和传播“点茶”文化的。
【36题详解】
考查冠词。句意：80岁的上海居民韩喆明设法完善了这项技能，创造了杯子里的茶艺，或中文中的点茶，这在宋朝（960年至1279年）曾经是一种惯例。分析句子可知，句中泛指一名上海居民，故空格处应用不定冠词，“80”音标的第一个音素为元音音素，故应用不定冠词“an”。故填an。
【37题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：80岁的上海居民韩喆明设法完善了这项技能，创造了杯子里的茶艺，或中文中的点茶，这在宋朝（960年至1279年）曾经是一种惯例。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“manage to do sth.”，意为“设法做成某事”，故空格处应填“to perfect”。故填to perfect。
【38题详解】
考查时态。句意：在过去的几十年里，他用茶和勺子在古代绘画的基础上创作了近200个图案。根据句意和句中“Over the past decades”可知，句子应用现在完成时，“he”和“has”连用，“use”的过去分词为“used”，故空格处应填“has used”。故填has used。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的几十年里，他用茶和勺子在古代绘画的基础上创作了近200个图案。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“has used”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“be based on…”意为“以……为基础”，“patterns”和“base”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故空格处应用“base”的过去分词“based”，作后置定语。故填based。
【40题详解】
考查代词。句意：他还打算将古老的仪式带回现代生活，让更多的人欣赏它的魅力。分析句子可知，句中“charm”为名词，应用形容词性物主代词修饰，“it”对应的形容词性物主代词为“its”。故填its。
【41题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：它类似于一杯咖啡上的泡沫，只是它是由茶而不是牛奶制成的。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“be similar to…”，意为“与……相似”，故空格处应填“to”。故填to。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：中国茶文化在唐朝（618-907）开始流行，并在整个宋朝蓬勃发展，当时茶已经成为几乎所有人的必需品，从贵族、学者到普通人，就像宋朝政治家和思想家王安石所建议的大米、油和盐等其他重要物品一样。分析句子可知，“enjoy”为动词，后接名词作宾语，“popular”为形容词，对应的名词为“popularity”，为不可数名词。故填popularity。
43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：中国茶文化在唐朝（618-907）开始流行，并在整个宋朝蓬勃发展，当时茶已经成为几乎所有人的必需品，从贵族、学者到普通人，就像宋朝政治家和思想家王安石所建议的大米、油和盐等其他重要物品一样。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Song Dynasty”，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故应用关系副词“when”引导从句。故填when。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：与唐代的泡茶方法完全不同，在宋代，流行的泡茶方式是点茶。分析句子可知，“different”为形容词，空格处应用副词，在句中作状语，“total”为形容词，对应的副词为“totally”，意为“完全”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Totally。
【45题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：将热水浇在细粉茶上的动作被称为“点”，因此得名“点茶”，于2019年被列入江苏省镇江市润州区非物质文化遗产。根据句意和句中“in 2019”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，句子为“which”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词“dian cha”和“list”为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，“dian cha”和“was”连用，“list”的过去分词为“listed”，故空格处应填“was listed”。故填was listed。
第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分 40 分)
第一节 (满分 15 分)
46. 假定你是李华，是校英语报的编辑，近日你从国外网站上了解到一种新型运动—— plogging(跑步捡垃圾)很受欢迎，请你根据在英语报上写一封倡议书，呼吁同学们积极参与。内容包括：
1.介绍plogging；
2.参与plogging的好处；
3.发出倡议
注意: 1.词数 100 左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Li Hua
【答案】Dear fellow students,
With the increasing popularity of plogging, this new type of sport where people pick up the litter along their running routine is more common to see around us. By taking part in this kind of sport, people can not only build themselves up, but also help to create a cleaner and more beautiful community. Besides, this sport is definitely able to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection. Therefore, I’m here to advocate that we students should participate in it actively without hesitation to make us healthier. Meanwhile, we are supposed to spare no effort to make contributions to protecting our environment. Let’s take action.
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封关于一种新型运动——plogging的倡议书。
【详解】1.词汇积累
增加的：increasing → growing
种类：type→ kind/category
参加：taking part in→ join in/participate in
不遗余力：spare no effort to→ try one’s best to/endeavor to
2.句式拓展
同义句
原句：With the increasing popularity of plogging, this new type of sport where people pick up the litter along their running routine is more common to see around us.
拓展句：As plogging is becoming more and more popular, this new type of sport where people pick up the litter along their running routine is more common to see around us.
【点睛】【高分句型1】With the increasing popularity of plogging, this new type of sport where people pick up the litter along their running routine is more common to see around us.（运用了where引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】Therefore, I’m here to advocate that we students should participate in it actively without hesitation to make us healthier.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
第二节 读后续写 (满分 25 分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When we were finally dismissed from the last class of the day, the students streamed out of the classrooms. It was another boring day after school. I dragged my feet home as I sighed. Yet another uneventful day, I thought. Little did I know that the day would take a turn for the worse.
The lift lobby (电梯间) of my flat was old and dirty. The walls, which were painted white, had been dirtied over many years. I reached my flat’s lobby, and pressed the lift button and went in. Just then, Mrs Lim, my elderly neighbour, hobbled (蹒跚) in. She looked ancient with tissue paper white hair, wearing a faded old-fashioned dress. I held the lift door open, flashing a friendly smile, and politely greeted her. I asked her how she felt that day and pressed the buttons. She thanked me for being so polite, then we were silent for the rest of the ride.
The lift fell down increasingly fast. There were loud clanking sounds here and there while the lift grew slower and slower. My heart beat hard and fast as my hands turned cold and wet with sweat. Unfortunately, the lift came to an abrupt stop at the fifth floor. I pressed the buttons hard several times, but it was of no help. The lights on the buttons had gone out. It soon dawned on me that we were trapped. An icy fear crept up my spine. Mrs Lim was hysterical (歇斯底里).
“We will never get out!” she cried with her face pale. It had become a colourless mask. I had no time to lose. I pressed the bell in the lift immediately. The sound was surely deafening, but what other choice did I have Mrs Lim burst into tears. I tried my very best to comfort her, telling her that everything would be all right and that we needed to find out how to get out safely. Mrs Lim began having trouble breathing, and I immediately helped her sit down and loosened her collar.
Paragraph 1: Several minutes passed, but no help came.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: Bang! My hopes were lifted when I heard the firefighters on the other side of the lift door.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Several minutes passed, but no help came. The air inside the lift grew stale, and panic started to set in. Mrs Lim's condition was worsening, and I felt a sense of helplessness creeping over me. I tried to stay calm and think of a way out, but the situation seemed dire. The silence was deafening, broken only by Mrs Lim’s labored breathing and occasional sobs. Time seemed to stretch on endlessly as we waited for a miracle.
Bang! My hopes were lifted when I heard the firefighters on the other side of the lift door. Relief flooded through me as I realized help had finally arrived. The sound of tools clanging against the door signaled their efforts to rescue us. Moments later, the door was pried open, and fresh air rushed in. We were safe. Mrs Lim was quickly attended to by the paramedics, and I was filled with gratitude for their swift response. As we were escorted out of the lift, I couldn’t help but feel a profound sense of appreciation for the fragility of life and the importance of helping others in times of need.
【解析】
【导语】本文以故事发展的顺序为线索展开，主要描述了主人公放学后和邻居Mrs Lim乘坐电梯时突然电梯失去了控制，发出各种异样的声响，最终在五楼突然停下来，导致两人被困在其中。Mrs Lim的情绪逐渐失控，主人公尽力安抚Mrs Lim的恐慌情绪并帮助她解开衣领使呼吸顺畅，同时努力寻找解决困境的办法。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“几分钟过去了，但没有人来帮忙。”可知，第一段可描写随着时间的流逝，没有人来帮忙，我开始紧张起来，林女士的状况开始变遭，我想办法脱身但做不到，我们焦急地等待救援的相关细节。
②由第二段首句内容“砰!当我听到消防队员在电梯门的另一边时，我的希望到来了。”可知，第二段可描写当消防队员到来展开救援时我如释重负的心情，门被打开后，我们安全得救，林女士得到医护人员的救助，我对消防队员的迅速救援充满了感激之情的相关细节。
2.续写线索：电梯内的气氛开始紧张——林女士的状况不好——我极度焦虑——等待救援————消防队员赶到—— 我感到放松——安全获救——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
① 哭泣：sob/cry
② 救援：rescue/save
③ 帮助：help/assist
情绪类
① 恐慌：panic/fright
② 放松：relief/relaxation
【点睛】[高分句型1] The silence was deafening, broken only by Mrs Lim's labored breathing and occasional sobs. (使用了过去分词作状语)
[高分句型2] As we were escorted out of the lift, I couldn’t help but feel a profound sense of appreciation for the fragility of life and the importance of helping others in times of need. (使用了as引导的时间状语从句)
听力答案：1-5 BABAC 6-10 ABBBC 11-15 BACBA 16-20 CACАC
第1页/共1页
（北京）股份有限公司武汉市第十一中学2025届高二6月考
高二 英语试卷
考试时间： 2024年6月1日7: 50-9: 50 试卷满分：150 分
第一部分听力 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共 5 小题；每小题 1. 5 分，满分 7. 5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例： How much is the shirt
A. 19. 15 B. 9. 18 C. 9. 15
答案是 C。
1. What will the speakers do next
A. Go to the supermarket. B. Drive home. C. Make a list.
2. What is the man doing
A. Riding a bike. B. Driving a car. C. Checking a motorbike
3. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Strangers. B. Schoolmates. C. Roommates.
4. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In a school B. In a bookshop. C. In a cleaner’s room.
5. How many times was Philip told his dinner was ready
A. One B. Two. C. Three.
第二节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1. 5 分，满分 22. 5 分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What has the weather been like recently
A. Cloudy. B. Rainy. C. Sunny.
7. What is the man’s advice to the woman
A. Buying a new phone. B. Taking an umbrella. C. Traveling by car.
听第7 段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What happened to the woman’s story
A. It was copied. B. It was lost. C. It was stolen.
9. Why is the woman advised to eat something
A. To avoid her misfortune. B. To cheer herself up. C. To kill her time.
听第8 段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. When will the man graduate
A. This week. B. In a year. C. In three months.
11. What does the woman suggest the man do before graduation
A. Borrow some money. B. Get a part-time job. C. Keep studying
12. What has the woman started doing
A. Looking for full-time jobs. B. Working as a teacher. C. Applying for jobs.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the man doing
A. Preparing for a meeting. B. Exercising. C. Cooking
14. How does the woman sound at the man’s weight loss
A. Serious B. Surprised. C. Hopeful
15. How does the man go to work now
A. By bike B. By bus. C. By train.
16. What will the man do to help the woman
A. Make salads for her. B. Go jogging with her. C. Lend a book to her.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is the speaker mainly talking about
A. His feeling after receiving an award.
B. His experience about traveling around
C. His preference for different music types.
18. Where is the speaker from
A. Ireland B. Scotland. C. England.
19. What did the speaker most recently announce to the public
A. A single song B. A three-song collection. C. A twelve-song collection.
20. Who will speak next
A. A young musician. B. One of the speaker’s fans. C. The host of the ceremony.
第二部分 阅读理解 (共20 小题，每小题 2. 5 分，满分50 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题，每小题 2. 5 分，满分 37. 5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Every event here features a noted scientist who discusses a different cosmic (宇宙的) topic. They will be presented with a live stream to our Science World official website and questions can be asked in the website chat.
Black Holes
7:30 PM-8:30 PM, May. 19, 2023
Description: Most galaxies (星系) have a supermassive black hole at their center. These black holes help determine how galaxies will develop over time. Join Dr. Ansel Netscher for an outline of black holes. You can also explore how supermassive black holes may decide the development of galaxies.
The Webb Imagery
8:00 PM-9:30 PM, May. 28, 2023
Description: The amazing visions have attracted the world. But there’s a long and involved process by which scientists’ black-and-white observational data is transformed into dynamic color imagery for the public. Join image specialist Ralph Wilson as he discusses the art and science of translating infrared light.
Hunt for Distant Worlds
7:00 PM-8:00 PM, Jun. 3, 2023
Description: Since the discovery of the first planet orbiting a Sun-like star in 1995, more than 4, 000 exoplanets have been found. These widespread planet systems confirm that our solar system is just one of many in our Milky Way galaxy. The discovery of such systems has provided interesting insights, challenging our views about how planet systems form and develop. Join Dr. Amanda Garcia as she describes the scientific hunt for these distant worlds.
Mars and Beyond
10:00 AM-11:30 AM, Jun.4, 2023
Description: Will we ever reach Mars And what will it take to travel to other stars Dr. Camille Lopez will meet these questions with a speech of what we can expect in the next 30 years. It’s based on what is practical and reasonable when we consider the biological economic, and philosophical concerns that connect with the engineering challenges of space habitation and exploration.
1. Interested in the development of planet or star system, you can choose ________.
① Black Holes
② The Webb Imagery
③ Hunt for Distant Worlds
④ Mars and Beyond
A. ①④ B. ②④ C. ①③ D. ②③
2. What will you learn from Mars and Beyond
A. Prospect of space travel. B. Application of art to science.
C. The origin and future of Mars. D. Detailed plan of space habitation.
3. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To publicize online public lectures.
B. To compare events of studying science.
C. To stress the importance of space exploration.
D. To expand people’s knowledge about universe.
B
When the need for information technology service arises it can be a stressful moment—the user is locked out of their computer, or a program isn’t working properly. But if you ask anyone in the MIT departments of Chemistry and Physics, or the News Office—the Institute divisions that are fortunate enough to have Greg Walton as their IT service provider, they’ll acknowledge that not only is Walton the best, but whatever the issue is, he will see it through until all involved are satisfied with the outcome. Walton usually arrives on the scene with endless positive energy that transforms a technical annoyance into an enjoyable interaction, regardless of how many other IT fires he has already put out that day.
The qualities that make him a star employee extend far beyond the campus. After spending his early years in foster care, Walton lived with his great-grandmother, but mostly, he was left to support himself. While many children might, understandably, lie flat under such unsupervised circumstances, Walton excelled academically and athletically at high school. He became the first person in his family to graduate from high school, and enrolled in college.
Walton seized the chance to enroll in Year Up, a program aiming to close the “opportunity divide” by providing young adults with the skills, experience, and support that will empower them to reach their potential through professional careers and higher education. Walton remains an active ambassador for the organization.
In June of 2007,armed with shining recommendations, Walton was hired as a temp (临时工) at MIT.He eventually worked his way up to where he is today—an invaluable asset (不可或缺的人) to three departments.“I do feel lucky to work at MIT,” he says.“I’ve had the ability to tour the country sharing my story in hopes that some people may be inspired and employers may see young adults with tough backgrounds differently.”
In addition to Year Up, he is involved with a number of organizations committed to helping young adults overcome their troubled pasts. This desire to have a positive impact on people’s lives extends seamlessly into his work at MIT. “Giving back is very important to me,” Walton says. “So many people have invested their time and energy into helping me, so I feel it would be an injustice not to do so.”
4. Staff members in MIT sing high praise for Walton mainly because________.
A. he enjoys interacting with his clients
B. he knows how to put out fires for others
C. he solves problems with a positive attitude
D. he is good at developing computer programs
5. What do we know about Walton before he went to college
A. He depended on his great-grandma for a living.
B. He stood out in study and sports in high school.
C. He lay flat just like other unsupervised children.
D. He was supported by foster care for better education.
6. Why did Walton get involved with a lot of organizations
A. To share his troubled past with young adults.
B. To pay back to society by helping young adults.
C. To advise businesses to treat young adults fairly.
D. To promote education equality among young adults.
7. What can we conclude from Walton’s story
A. One good turn deserves another.
B. Opportunities favor the prepared mind.
C. Education is a powerful weapon to change the world.
D. One’s future is defined by his efforts, not by his origin.
C
Gentle sound stimulation, also known as pink noise, may significantly enhance deep sleep in older adults and improve their ability to recall words, a new study has found.
Deep sleep is critical for memory consolidation. However, beginning in middle age, deep sleep decreases substantially, which scientists believe contributes to memory loss in aging. The sound stimulation significantly enhanced deep sleep in participants and their scores on a memory test. “This is an innovative, simple and safe non-medication approach that may help improve brain health,” said Phyllis Zee, professor at Northwestern University in the US. “This is a potential tool for enhancing memory in older populations and attenuating normal age-related memory decline,” said Zee.
Zee and a team of researchers gathered 13 adults, 60 and older, and monitored their sleep in a lab for two nights. On both nights, the participants took a memory test, went to bed while wearing headphones and a special cap, and took another memory test in the morning. But without the participants’ awareness, researchers only played pink noise into the headphones on one night. More specifically, they timed the sounds to match the participants’ slow-wave oscillations. During deep sleep, brain waves slow to about one oscillation per second, compared to about ten oscillations per second during wakefulness. The system they employed in the study allowed the team to deliver a low burst of pink noise at the “precise moment” when the participants’ slow waves rose — a pattern that is unique to each person.
The study found that participants’ slow waves increased after the night of sound stimulation, suggesting that they were getting more deep sleep. And on the morning after hearing pink noise, they performed three times better on memory tests than they did after sleeping without any sound stimulation.
Previous research showed pink noise during deep sleep could improve memory consolidation in young people. But it has not been tested in older adults. The new study targeted older individuals and used a novel sound system that increased the effectiveness of the sound stimulation in older populations.
The study was a relatively small one, so further research is needed to confirm its findings and to study how longer-term use of pink noise affects sleep. But Northwestern has taken steps to patent the researchers’ technology, which seems to have hit upon a way to stimulate slow waves at the right moment. The team hopes to develop an affordable device that people can use at home, from the comfort of their beds.
8. The new study mainly reveals that _____.
A. deep sleep consolidates old adults’ memory
B. pink noise boosts memory among the elderly
C. sleep disorders play a key role in memory loss
D sound stimulation increases the length of sleep
9. The word “attenuating” in the second paragraph most probably means _____.
A. worsening B. reversing C. slowing down D. bringing about
10. What can be learned about the new study
A. It employed a sound system programmed in step with brain waves.
B. It compared the effects on older adults and on younger populations.
C. It repeated the experiment several times without the participants’ notice.
D. It adjusted the participants’ slow-wave oscillations to match the stimulations.
11. It can be inferred that the approach used in the study _____.
A. may put old adults in risk in the long run
B. has the potential to be applied in practice
C. requires an innovative and affordable device
D. needs Northwestern’s patent for confirmation
D
Casting blame is natural: it is tempting to fault someone else for a mistake rather than taking responsibility yourself. But blame is also harmful. It makes it less likely that people will own up to mistakes, and thus less likely that organizations can learn from them. Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whose managers pointed to external factors to explain their failings underperformed companies that blamed themselves.
Blame culture can spread like a virus. Just as children fear mom and dad’s punishment if they admit to wrongdoing, in a blaming environment, employees are afraid of criticism and punishment if they acknowledge making a mistake at work. Blame culture asks, “who dropped the ball ” instead of “where did our systems and processes fail ” The focus is on the individuals, not the processes. It’s much easier to point fingers at a person or department instead of doing the harder, but the more beneficial, exercise of fixing the root cause, in which case the problem does not happen again.
The No Blame Culture was introduced to make sure errors and deficiencies (缺陷) were highlighted by employees as early as possible. It originated in organizations where tiny errors can have catastrophic (灾难性的) consequences. These are known as high reliability organizations (HROs) and include hospitals, submarines and airlines. Because errors can be so disastrous in these organizations, it’s dangerous to operate in an environment where employees don’t feel able to report errors that have been made or raise concerns about that deficiencies may turn into future errors. The No Blame Culture maximizes accountability because all contributions to the event occurring are identified and reviewed for possible change and improvement.
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), which supervises air traffic across the United States, makes it clear that its role is not to assign blame or liability but to find out what went wrong and to issue recommendations to avoid a repeat. The proud record of the airline industry in reducing accidents partly reflects no-blame processes for investigating crashes and close calls. The motive to learn from errors also exist when the risks are lower. That is why software engineers and developers routinely investigate what went wrong if a website crashes or a server goes down.
There is an obvious worry about embracing blamelessness. What if the website keeps crashing and the same person is at fault Sometimes, after all, blame is deserved. The idea of the “just culture”, a framework developed in the 1990s by James Reason, a psychologist, addresses the concern that the incompetent and the malevolent (恶意的) will be let off the hook. The line that Britain’s aviation regulator draws between honest errors and the other sort is a good starting-point. It promises a culture in which people “are not punished for actions or decisions taken by them that match with their experience and training”. That narrows room for blame but does not remove it entirely.
12. According to the research published in 2015, companies that ______ had better performance.
A. blamed external factors B. admitted their mistakes
C. conducted investigations D. punished the under performers
13. According to the passage, what do you learn about the No Blame Culture
A. It encourages the early disclosure of errors.
B. It only exists in high reliability organizations.
C. It enables people to shift the blame onto others.
D. It prevents organizations from making any error.
14. What is the major concern about embracing blamelessness according to the passage
A. Innocent people might take the blame by admitting their failure.
B. Being blamed for mistakes can destroy trust in employees.
C. The line between honest errors and the other sort is not clear.
D. People won’t learn their lessons if they aren’t blamed for failures.
15. Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A. Why We Fail to Learn from Our Own Mistakes
B. How to Avoid Disastrous Errors in Organizations
C. Why We Should Stop the Blame Game at Work
D. How to Deal with Workplace Blame Culture
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项；选项中有两项为多余选项。
In our modern world, there are endless alternatives. Have you ever found yourself wondering whether you should quit or stay in your job, accept an offer or give it up for another There is a simple and practical method that solves this problem.____16____When you understand the concept, you have the power to measure every alternative with precision and make the right decision.
In the field of economics, opportunity cost is the value that you have to give up when you choose an option over another good option.____17____Every time you choose something, you give up other alternatives together with their financial benefits. It is not all the other options, but the most valued one that is defined as the opportunity cost.
____18____Take the simple example of trying to decide whether to take public transportation for 80 minutes or to drive for 40 minutes. You might save on the cost of gas while riding the bus but double the trip length and miss out on other things you could have done during that time.____19____This is how you create priorities in your daily life.
Though useful in decision making, the biggest drawback of opportunity cost is that it’s often related to what’s hard to quantify.____20____After all, putting a number to your peaceful mind or happiness can be difficult.
Opportunity cost isn’t cut and dried. It varies from person to person. At the end of the day you are in charge of what you own and what you want to gain.
A. It is about finding out the opportunity cost.
B. Weigh the losses and gains, and make your decision.
C. Opportunity cost matters not only in economics but also in real life.
D. This is especially true when the opportunity cost is of non-financial benefit.
E. The key principle underlying the idea is that there is no such thing as free lunch.
F. Most people overlook opportunity cost because the benefits are usually hidden from view.
G. It is the development of important skills that would help you move forward in your daily life.
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
I think we should try to find a happy memory, something to lift us on those unpleasant days. I’m saying this because I think I have just found mine.
I had some work in Glasgow then. I was on a really ____21____ schedule, which meant I would have no time for myself all day. I was having one of those days, when the train was completely ____22____ and the conversation around me seemed to be particularly meaningless. Besides, I had a bit of headache. Walking quickly across the station hall, I fished some ____23____ from my pocket. There was usually someone at the exit selling The Big Issue (a magazine that helps homeless folk earn a living).
As the crowd parted ways at the bottom of the hall, I saw someone selling The Big Issue. She really looked like she had been sleeping ____24____ . Her clothes were ____25____ and she obviously hadn’t had a scrub (擦洗) for quite a while.
As I ____26____ the exit, I saw that she was also ____27____ from side to side. At first I thought she was trying to keep ____28____ against the biting wind. But she wasn’t. She was moving in time to a ____29____. I couldn’t hear her, but I could see her lips moving.
When I got closer, I saw a white _____30_____ hanging from her elbow and noticed that she had sunken eyes. She was _____31_____ , dirty and living on the streets. I came closer and through the noise of the traffic I could hear her _____32_____ the immortal (不朽的) line, “... And I think to myself, what a wonderful world!”
I bought her last magazine for twice what I had originally _____33_____. She thanked me and _____34_____ her belongings and went tapping off along the pavement-still singing. So, I have my happy _____35_____ for that day, and I think it will stay with me for a long, long time.
21. A. enjoyable B. relaxing C. tight D. tiring
22. A. crowded B. delayed C. loaded D. crashed
23. A. cigarettes B. sweets C. change D. paper
24. A. comfortably B. rough C. soundly D. anxiously
25. A. shabby B. casual C. tidy D. fashionable
26. A. left B. passed C. approached D. examined
27. A. jumping B. climbing C. rolling D. rocking
28. A. active B. energetic C. warm D. awake
29. A. dance B. tune C. step D. sound
30. A. issue B. arm C. stick D. log
31. A. deaf B. lame C. mad D. blind
32. A. recite B. compose C. read D. sing
33. A. expected B. charged C. intended D. organized
34. A. picked up B. threw away C. turned out D. hid away
35. A. decision B. memory C. program D. design
第二节 (共 10 小题，每小题 1. 5 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s common to see a barista (咖啡师) create coffee art, but it’s a whole different ball game doing the same thing with tea. Han Zheming, ____36____ 80-year-old Shanghai resident, has managed ____37____ (perfect) the skill, creating tea art in cups, or dian cha (点茶) in Chinese, which used to be a routine during the Song Dynasty (960-1279). Over the past decades, he ____38____ (use) tea and spoons to create nearly 200 patterns ____39____ (base) on ancient paintings.
It’s also his intention to bring the old ritual back to modern life and have more people appreciate ____40____ (it) charm. Dian cha in modern brewing enhances the taste of tea, Han says. ‘‘It is similar ____41____ the foam on top of a cup of coffee, except that it is made of tea rather than milk.”
Chinese tea culture started to enjoy ____42____ (popular) during the Tang Dynasty (618-907) and flourished throughout the Song Dynasty, ____43____ tea had become a necessity for almost everyone, from nobles and scholars to common people, just like other important items, such as rice, oil and salt, as suggested by Song politician and thinker Wang Anshi.
____44____ (total) different from the method of brewing tea during the Tang period, in the Song Dynasty, the popular way of having tea was through dian cha. The action of pouring hot water over fine powdered tea is called dian, hence the name dian cha, which _____45_____ (list) as an intangible cultural heritage of Runzhou district, Zhenjiang city, Jiangsu province, in 2019.
第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分 40 分)
第一节 (满分 15 分)
46. 假定你是李华，是校英语报的编辑，近日你从国外网站上了解到一种新型运动—— plogging(跑步捡垃圾)很受欢迎，请你根据在英语报上写一封倡议书，呼吁同学们积极参与。内容包括：
1.介绍plogging；
2.参与plogging的好处；
3.发出倡议
注意: 1.词数 100 左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
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Li Hua
第二节 读后续写 (满分 25 分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When we were finally dismissed from the last class of the day, the students streamed out of the classrooms. It was another boring day after school. I dragged my feet home as I sighed. Yet another uneventful day, I thought. Little did I know that the day would take a turn for the worse.
The lift lobby (电梯间) of my flat was old and dirty. The walls, which were painted white, had been dirtied over many years. I reached my flat’s lobby, and pressed the lift button and went in. Just then, Mrs Lim, my elderly neighbour, hobbled (蹒跚) in. She looked ancient with tissue paper white hair, wearing a faded old-fashioned dress. I held the lift door open, flashing a friendly smile, and politely greeted her. I asked her how she felt that day and pressed the buttons. She thanked me for being so polite, then we were silent for the rest of the ride.
The lift fell down increasingly fast. There were loud clanking sounds here and there while the lift grew slower and slower. My heart beat hard and fast as my hands turned cold and wet with sweat. Unfortunately the lift came to an abrupt stop at the fifth floor. I pressed the buttons hard several times, but it was of no help. The lights on the buttons had gone out. It soon dawned on me that we were trapped. An icy fear crept up my spine. Mrs Lim was hysterical (歇斯底里).
“We will never get out!” she cried with her face pale. It had become a colourless mask. I had no time to lose. I pressed the bell in the lift immediately. The sound was surely deafening, but what other choice did I have Mrs Lim burst into tears. I tried my very best to comfort her, telling her that everything would be all right and that we needed to find out how to get out safely. Mrs Lim began having trouble breathing, and I immediately helped her sit down and loosened her collar.
Paragraph 1: Several minutes passed, but no help came.
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Paragraph 2: Bang! My hopes were lifted when I heard the firefighters on the other side of the lift door.
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听力答案：1-5 BABAC 6-10 ABBBC 11-15 BACBA 16-20 CACАC
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