外研版初中英语八年级上册精品课件Module 9 Unit 3 Language in use（共93张PPT）

课件93张PPT。八年级上册9PopulationModuleUnit 3
Language in use
Objectives：To understand and apply
the articles (a/an/the) and big numbersBeijing is a huge city.
It takes an hour to get there by bus.
That’s almost one fifth of the world’s population.
That makes over 131.4 million births a year.Language practice1. 冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使
用，也没有词义，它用在名词
的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。2. 冠词分为不定冠词a/an
和定冠词the两种。Articles 冠词分析：a和an均用于单数可数名词之前，表示一类人或事物中的“任何”一个，相当于汉语中的“一”，但不用于强调数目的概念。 不定冠词的用法 例1:Jack’s father is _____ doctor.
A. a B. an C. some D. / 例2: There is ____ “f” and ____ “u”
in the word “four”.
A. an, a B. a, a
C. an, an D. a, an分析：在名词前使用a或an要取决于该名词的读音。如果首字母的读音是元音因素，应用an；如果首字母的读音是辅音音素，应用a。1. a, e, i, o, u五个元音字母处于词首
时，未必都是元音音素，u 发音
[ju:]或[ju]前面用冠词a, u读[?]时
前面用冠词an。2. 26个字母中以开头为元音音素发音
的字母有：f [ef], h [eit∫ ], l [el], m [em], n [en], r [a:], s [es], x [eks] 。
There is an “R” in the word.
　This is a European country.
European词首字母不发音, [j]是辅
音音素。
　This is a one-eyed dog.
one [w]是辅音音素。 例3:--Why not take ____ friend
with you?
--That’s ____ good idea.
A. a, a B. the, the
C. a, the D. the, a分析：使用不定冠词指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。例4: Take the medicine three times
____ day.
A. a B. the C. an D./分析：使用不定冠词表示单位，fifty miles an hour 意为“每小时50公里”，twice a week 意为“每周两次”。例5: English is _____language. It is
_____ important tool.
A. a, a B. a, an
C. the, an D. a, /分析：a language意为“一种语言”。language是可数名词。例6: ______ steel worker makes steel.
A./ B. A C. This D. That分析：a (an)放于单数的可数名词前表
示“一类”。该句中 a steel worker是指
钢铁工人。表示一类有三种方式：
A bike is slower than a car.
The bike is slower than the car.
Bikes are slower than cars.例7:Tom has ____ high fever and his
mother is looking after him.　
A. a B. the C. an D./分析: 表示生什么病前应用a, have a headache, have a cold。例8:Mary takes ____ walk after supper
every day.
A. the B. a C. / D. one分析: give, take, have与一些动词名
词化的词连用，表示一次动作，名
词前要加a。
have a talk (bath, look); make a living (promise); take a swim (walk, rest)
give a talk (whistle, smile)例9:The old woman had____ fire in her
room.
A. the B. / C. a D. this分析: 抽象名词和物质名词的具体化时，该名词前要加a。
It is a great joy to study at this college.
This kind of wood can make into good paper.
He made a living by selling newspaper.例1: There is ___bridge over the river.
___ bridge is made of stone.
A. a, A B. a, The
C. the, The D. the, A　分析: 文章中第一次出现的可数名词
前用a(an)。下次再出现此名词则用the。
I have a little bird. The bird is yellow.定冠词的用法例2: ___ old workers under that tree
are from Shanghai.
A. The B. An C. This D. That分析：名词后有表示范围、地点的介词短语限定时, 名词前应加the来表示特指。
The boys here are interested in sports.例3: ____ first one sat down and the
second stood up.
A. The B. A C. One D. An分析: 序数词前表示顺序时前加the。
Mary is the third to come in.例4: Winter is ____ coldest season of the
year.
A. a B. the C./ D. so分析: 形容词最高级前及only修饰的名词前均要加 the。
Mary is the only girl who is often late for class.例5: ___ moon moves around ___ earth,
and they both are smaller than
____ sun.
A. The, the, the B. A, an, a
C. The, an, the D. The, the, a分析: 定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的物体名词前。例6: We live in ____ south of China.
A. the B./ C. a D. some　分析: 表示东、南、西、北方的名词前要加the。
The sun rises in the east.例7: ____ Browns are watching TV at
home at the moment.
A. / B. The C. Mr. D. A分析: the放于姓氏的复数形式前时，表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人。例8: He will go to see you off at ___
Railway Station.
　 A. a B. an C. the D. /分析: the＋普通名词构成专有名词。
the United States／the United Nations
the People’s Republic of China例9: I was playing ____ piano at eight
yesterday morning.
A. a B. / C. the D. this分析: play＋乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名
词前加 the。
Alice likes to play the violin while Kate
likes to play the flute.
表示数量时可用a。
This is a new piano against the wall.例10:Our teacher gets up early in ____
morning.
A. the B. / C. a D. an分析: 牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作时间状语。
in the afternoon (evening)／
in the daytime
at the beginning／in the end例11:There is a large ship in ____middle
of the river.
A. a B. / C. the D. any分析: 牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作地点状语。
on the right (left) /in the front of
in the middle of the meeting /
the forest / at the foot of the hill例12:Last night we went to ____
cinema.
A. the B. a C. / D. those分析: 牢记一些固定搭配：
go to the concert (theatre)例13: ____ young should care for and
help ____ old.
A. The, a B. The, the
C. A, the D. An, an分析: the＋形容词（形容词名词化）
表示一类人或事物。
the poor / the rich / the sick /
the beautiful例14: The small town lies on ____
Yangtzi River.
A. a B. an C. / D. the分析: 定冠词the用在江河、海洋、 山脉、湖泊、群岛名称的前面。
the Dead Sea / the Black Sea
the North China Plain 华北平原例1:Paper is made of ____ bamboo.
A. a B. the C. / D. that分析: 物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。
Wood can be made into chairs and tables.
Iron is a kind of metal.零冠词的用法 例2: ____ January is the first month
of the year.
A. The B. A C. / D. That分析: 表示节日、月份的名词前一般
不加the。Spring is coming.
He was born in December.
如果表示有某年限定的季节和月份时，季节和月份前要加the。
He was born in the Summer of 1964.例3: We have no classes ____ Sundays.
A. the B. these C. ／ D. those分析: 表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词。例4: I studies ___English in___ England.
A. /, / B. an, the
C. an, an D. /, the分析: 学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加
冠词。
learn Chinese (maths, physics, chemistry)
China is in Asia.
in Germany (Japan)
in Africa (Europe …)例5: They often take a walk in ____
Hyde Park.
A. the B. a C. / D. this分析: 在一些专有名词（地名、节假日）之前不加冠词。
Christmas Day New Year’s Eve
National Day Children’s Day
Teachers’ Day Wall Street例6:The thief was thrown into ___ prison.
A. the B. a C. this D. /分析: 表示某一概念，而不是某具体工作的部门时，名词前不加冠词。例7: He doesn’t have ____ breakfast at
home.
A. a B. the C. this D. /分析: 表示三餐的名词前不加冠词，如果前面有形容词修饰该词，表示
“一顿……的饭”，可加a。
have a big supper (nice lunch)例8:We go to work by __ bus.
A. / B. a C. the D. one分析: 表示交通工具的手段时，用by＋名词表示，该名词前不用冠词。by bike (taxi, car, train, plane, spaceship)或by sea (water, air, land)
如果用介词in或on，名词前要加冠词或物主代词。例9: ____ running is good.
A. The B. A C. / D. An　分析: 动名词前一般不用冠词。
Walking on the moon is difficult.
Seeing is believing.例10:These boys play ____ football
after class.
A. a B. the C. that D. /分析: 球类、棋类、游戏名称前不加冠词。例11:The students of ____ Grade One are
having a meeting.
A. these B. / C. a D. an分析: 名词＋数词表示顺序时，前面不加冠词the；序数词＋名词表示顺序数，序数词前加冠词the。
turn to page 3 / the third page
Lesson One / the first lesson
Gate Five / the fifth Gate例12:There is no ____ book on the
desk.
A. the B. a C. an D. /分析: 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或any和no时，均不再用冠词。如：
no books, not a book, not any books例13:He often works late at ____ night.
A. / B. the C. a D. all分析： 表示时间或地点的一些介词＋名词的词组和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词。
at home, in town, at noon, at daybreak, in trouble, in danger, in fact等。注意：
有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。如：
1) at table 在吃饭
at the table 在桌子旁
2) in class 在上课
in the class 在班级中3) go to school 去上学
go to the school 到那所学校去
4) go to bed 上床睡觉
go to the bed 到床那边去
5) in front of 在…的前面 (外部)
in the front of 在…的前部 (内部)1. 表示一类人或事物中的“任何”
一个，相当于汉语中“一”，
但不用于强调数目的概念。
2. 指某人或某物，但不具体说明
是何人或何物。
3. 表示单位。
4. 表示“一类”。不定冠词的用法Summary1. 文章中第一次出现的可数名词前
用a /an。下次再出现此名词时用the。
2. 名词后有表示范围、地点的介词
短语限定时。
3. 序数词前表示顺序时。
4. 形容词最高级前及only修饰的名词
前。
5. 定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的
物体名词前。定冠词的用法6. 表示东、南、西、北方的名词前
7. 姓氏的复数形式前时,表示一家人
或一姓的夫妇二人。
8. the＋普通名词构成专有名词。
9. play＋乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名
词前加 the。
10. the＋形容词（形容词名词化）
表示一类人或事物。
11. 定冠词the用在江河、海洋、山脉、
湖泊、群岛名称的前面。1. 物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。
2. 表示节日、月份的名词前一般不加the。
3. 表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词。
4. 学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词。
5. 在一些专有名词（地名、节假日）
之前不加冠词。
6. 表示某一概念，而不是某具体工作的
部门时，名词前不加冠词。
7. 表示三餐的名词前不加冠词。零冠词的用法8. 表示交通工具的手段时，用by＋名词表
示，该名词前不用冠词。
9. 动名词前一般不用冠词。
10. 球类、棋类、游戏名称前不加冠词。
11.名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代
词、名词所有格或any和 no时，均不再
用冠词。
12.表示时间或地点的一些介词＋名词的词
组和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词。
13.家庭成员的称呼、称呼语或只一人担任
的职务名词前不用冠词。在英语中，对于万以上的数字，我们该如何表达呢？这就要记住英语数字读法特点。以下面一个数字为例：6，500，431，729hundredthousandmillionbillion注意每三个数为一个单位，按照百、
十、个向下读。大数字的表达方法6，500，431，729seven hundred and twenty-nine thousandmillionbillionsix
billion,five hundred million,four hundred and thirty-one thousand,hundred 1. Work in pairs. Match the countries with their
populations. 1 China a) 4,437,000
2 the USA b) 22,956,000
3 Australia c) 314,791,000
4 New Zealand d) 1,370,537,000When you see a table or a chart, look carefully at the labels and graphs to make sure that you understand what they are showing. Look at the chart below. What is it comparing? What can you conclude?Learning to learn2. Read your answers to Activity 1 to the whole
class.China has a population of…Now listen and check.3. Read the chart and answer the questions.1 Which city had the largest population in 2000?
2 Which city’s population will increase the most
from 2000 to 2025?
Tokyo had the largest population in 2000.Mumbai's population will increase the most
from 2000 to 2025. 3 Which city will have a larger increase in its
population, New York or Mexico City?
4 Which city / cities do you think will have the biggest population problem? Why?Mexico City.I think Mumbai will have the biggest population
problem because its population will increase
the fastest.4 Complete the passage with a, an or the
where necessary. Mina is (1) ____eighteen-year-old girl. She has
got (2) ____brother and (3) _____sister. Mina is
(4) ___ oldest child in (5) ____ family. She lives
in (6)____very big city. She has (7) ______job in
(8) _____hotel. She hopes that one day she will
have (9)_____chance to go to (10) _____college.aanathetheaaaa/5 Complete the sentences with the correct
form of the words in the box. few good much small1 We believe the schools in Arnwick are very
good, and we are working to make them
even_______ .
2 Their flat is too large for two people. They
want to find a _______one.
3 Anna always talks about her ideas. I think she
needs to listen _______.
4 There are a lot of parks in this city. I think
there are _______parks in a lot of other cities.bettersmallermorefewer6 Complete the diagram showing population problems. Use the words in the box to help you.air city countryside hospital increase public service traffic waterProblems of ArnwickProblems: Population___________People arrive in _________the cityincreasesPeople move from_______the countrysideEnvironmental problems
Examples:_____________
_____________
______________
______________Health problems
Example:
_______________
_______________Problems for the government
Examples:
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________①air pollution
water pollution
too much traffic
rubbish③②not enough
hospitalsneed more schools and buses
need better public services
need more police to protect people7 Complete the passage with the words in the box. countryside pollution population
space trafficOur world is facing many problems. Two of the biggest are increasing population and pollution.
The (1) _____________of the world is increasing quickly. Why is this happening? Because more babies are born every year and populationpeople also live longer. Many people are leaving the(2) _________ to work in the cities, but there is not enough (3) __________for
so many people.
Another huge problem for the world is
(4)__________. There is so much (5) ________
on the roads that in some cities the air is heavily polluted. We should work harder to protect our world.countrysidespacepollutiontrafficall over the world closed down in the future
it takes not… any more 8 Complete the sentences with the expressions
in the box.1 Growing population is a problem___________
_____________.
2 The population of China may grow more
slowly .
3 The supermarket when a
bigger one opened in the town.
all overthe worldin the futureclosed down4 Usually an hour to get there by bus.
5 The town had a lot of population in the past
but it is a problem .it takesnot any more9 Listen and choose the best summary. It is cheaper to share a car than to have a
personal car.
b) People in a car club do not often take buses, trains or the underground.
c) There are no car clubs in the US.
d) Joining car clubs is good for you and for the city.
√10 Listen again and choose the correct answer.1 Joining a car club is cheaper / more expensive
than having a personal car.
2 People in car clubs pay for / do not pay for a
car when they drive.
3 People in car clubs sometimes / never take a
bus or ride a bike.
4 People in car clubs probably are / are not
healthier.11 Work in pairs and discuss this question.Do you think car clubs would be popular in China? Why / Why not?In my opinion, car clubs…Around the world World population and water
With more and more people in the world, more and more water is used. In fact, water use is growing more than twice as fast as the world’s population! As a result, getting good, clean water is becoming a problem in many places. A lot of water is polluted and in many areas people have to walk a long way to get clean water for daily use. More than 3.4 million people die each year from drinking and washing with polluted water. So let’s do everything we can to stop the pollution and save water.12 Work in groups. Prepare to make your graph.
Choose a country or town which interests you.
It could be your home town.
Decide the time you want to look at— for
example, now, ten years ago and ten years
from now.
Research the population of your place in those
years. Write your notes carefully.Module task: Making a graph13 Make your graph.Decide how you want to make your graph.
Draw it and colour it. You can also make it
on the computer.
Label it clearly.
14 Write a paragraph to describe your graph.
Then Present your graph to the class.Pair workBeijing is a huge city.
北京是一个大都市。
huge 在这里表示“大的，巨大的”。另外表示
“大的”还有“ big, tall, vast, large, great” 等。
⑴说人、动物、树木等有生命的东西，主要
用tall不用high?
例如 a tall woman 一个高个子妇女
a tall horse 一个高大的马 Language points⑵说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时，要用
high，而不用tall。比如人站在桌子上时，
飞机飞上天时。例如
He is high up in the tree.
他高高地爬在树上。
The plane is so high in the sky.
飞机在空中这么高。⑶ 指建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以，不过
high的程度比tall高。
⑷ high可作副词，tall不能。
⑸ tall的反义词为short, high的反义词为low。e.g. Our factory is a big/large one.
我们的工厂很大。
（1）在表示物体重量、人的身高大或长大了时，
只能用big。
e.g. The box is too big to carry.
这个盒子太大，拿不了。
（2）在表示数量时，用large, 不用big。
e.g. A large number of people came from all
parts of the country to see the exhibition.
从全国各地来了很多人观看展览。big 和large都可表示具体事物形体或面积的大小, 往往可以互换?但big较口语化。E.g. There have been many great presidents in American history.
美国历史上有很多伟大的总统。
在表示抽象意思时, 有也可用big, 但great更为正式。
e.g. Great/Big changes have taken place in our country in recent years.
近几年来我们国家发生了很大变化。great 的意思是“大、伟大的”?多用于抽象意思。
在修饰具体事物时?带有一定的感彩。vast常用来指“广袤无垠的”、“面积广阔的”。
e.g. a vast forest, a vast sea, a vast desert,
vast darkness等。
huge指“巨大的”，往往指体积。
e.g. a huge stone, a huge building等。 Exercises 用a, an, /, the 完成下列句子。1. ____ Knowledge is power.
2. I earn 10 dollars _____ hour as _____ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.
3. The teacher asked us to write _____ 800-word-long composition.
4. I met _______ Jay, but not ____ one you know./an aan a the
5. They are twins, so they are of _____ age.
6. He has _____ fine collection of paintings.
7. I don’t want to have words with you. I prefer to have ____ word with you.
an a a Have words with sb. 与某人吵架
Have a word with sb. 与某人谈话 1. Beijing has got population of more than
13.8 million.
A. the B. a C. an D./
2. The _____ traffic stopped me from going to
school on time yesterday. I was late!
A. heavy B. crowded C. fast D. quick选择题BA3. Mrs. White isn’t feeling well these days. She
has made _____ with the doctor at three this
afternoon.
A. a movement B. an interview
C. a quarrel D. an appointment
4. I don’t like those big cities which have
got ____ people and ____ traffic.
A. too much; too many B. many too; too much
C. too many; too much D. too many; much too DC
5. ____ Tim’s help, I found my pet dog in the end. I should say thanks to him.
A. Along with B. Without
C. Thanks to D. Because CII. 用英语“读”出下列数字。
如：485 → four hundred and eighty-five
1. 846 → 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2. 4,517 →
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3. 59,248 → 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4. 8,326,000 → 　
　　　 　　　　　　　　　　
5. 9,368,600,000→ 　　 　　　　　　　　　　　eight hundred and forty-six four thousand, five hundred and
seventeen fifty-nine thousand, two hundred and
forty-eight eight million, three hundred and
twenty-six thousand nine billion, three hundred and sixty-eight million, six hundred thousandHomework Make a graph and share with your classmates.
Recite all the words and phrases of this unit.婴儿潮（baby boom），指的是在某一时期及特定地区，出生率大幅度提升的现象。历史上有记载的几次婴儿潮，通常是起因于有振奋人心的因素，像是农作物丰收、打赢战争及赢得体育竞赛等。但也有因为迷信的因素。在英文，形容婴儿潮时期出生的人为 baby boomer。 婴儿潮（baby boom）这个词的首次出现，主要是指美国第二次世界大战后的“4664”现象--从1946年至1964年，这18年间婴儿潮人口高达7800万人。在世界上大多数国家均有此现象。在日本，称呼此时期出生的人为“团块世代”団块の世代 。新中国成立后共出现过三次婴儿潮，值得注意的是：目前人口众多的“80后”一代也已长大，陆续成家立业。在21世纪的前15年，中国将迎来新一轮的“婴儿潮”。以此类推，每次“婴儿潮”平均都会有20-30年的周期。 　 撒哈拉沙漠(英文名为：Sahara Desert)世界上阳光最多的地方，也是世界上最大和自然条件最为严酷的沙漠。
撒哈拉沙漠是世界最大的沙漠，几乎占满非洲北部全部。东西约长4,800公里(3,000哩)，南北在1,300～1,900公里(800～1,200哩)之间，总面积约8,600,000平方公里(3,320,000平方哩)。撒哈拉沙漠西濒大西洋，北临阿特拉斯山脉和地中海，东为红海，南为萨赫勒一个半沙漠乾草原的过渡区。
　　撒哈拉沙漠是世界上除南极洲之外最大的荒漠，位于非洲北部，气候条件极其恶劣，是地球上最不适合生物生长的地方之一。阿拉伯语撒哈拉意即“大荒漠”。 1.世界最寒冷之极 南极洲的年平均气温在－28℃，大陆内部的年平均气温在－40～－60℃，
最低气温达－89.6℃
2.暴风雪最强之地 南极沿海地区的年平均风速为17～18米/秒，阵风可达40～50米/秒。最大风
速达到100米/秒，被喻为“世界的风极”，“风暴杀手”。
3.最干旱的大陆 南极大陆的年平均降水量为55毫米，随着大陆纬度的增加降水量明显减少，大陆
中部地区的年降水量仅有5毫米。在南极点附近，年降水量近于零，比非洲撒哈
拉大沙漠的降水量还稀少。所以，南极是世界上最干旱的地区。其主要原因是固
态的冰雪降落在大陆后形成巨大的冰盖，加之极端寒冷的气候和极少的日照量，
冰盖的累积量还略大于消融量，形成干燥的“白色沙漠”。
4.最荒凉孤寂的大陆 南极大陆是世界上至今唯一没有常住居民的大陆。只有一些南极考察国家的科学考察人员短期的在南极工作，每年约2000人左右。