英语语法专项复习:数词
【考点直击】
1.掌握基数词和序数词的基本用法;
2.掌握年、月、日、时刻的表示方法;
3.掌握分数的表示方法。
【知识梳理】
数词的定义和种类
数词是表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。它分为两大类:基数词和序数词。
基数词表示人或事物数量的多少。如:one, two, three等。
序数词表示人或事物的顺序先后。如:first, second, third等。
【基数词】
知识点一:基数词的构成
1-12的基数词是独立的词:one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve。
13-19的基数词以-teen结尾:thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen。
20-90的整十位数的基数词以-ty结尾:twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety。
十位数与个位数之间要加连字符“-” :
twenty-one, thirty-two, forty-three, sixty-five
百位和十位或百位和个位之间加and :
365 — three hundred and sixty-five; 101— one hundred and one
四位数以上的基数词:借用科学记数法,从后往前数,每三位数加“,”,第一个逗号为千(thousand);第二个逗号为百万(million),第三个逗号为十亿(billion)。如:
2, 009 two thousand and nine
54, 321 fifty-four thousand, three hundred and twenty-one
7, 654,321 seven million, six hundred and fifty-four thousand, three hundred and twenty-one
123, 456 one hundred and twenty-three thousand, four hundred and fifty-six
52,367,420,001
fifty-two billion, three hundred and sixty-seven million, four hundred and twenty thousand and one
【特别注意】英语中没有表示“万”“十万”的单词,要用“几十个千”(thousand)来表示“几万”,“几百个千”来表示“几十万”。如1万(ten thousand), 30万(three hundred thousand)。
知识点二:基数词的用法
一、hundred, thousand, million, billion的特殊用法
用法 举例 说明
前面有基数词,用来修饰后面的名词表示精确数量时,本身不用复数形式,名词才用复数形式。 800 (eight hundred students ) 3, 000 ( three thousand trees) /
否则,在表示含糊数量时要用复数形式,并要与of连用。 hundreds of 成百上千 thousands of 成千上万 millions of 数百万计 billions of 数十亿的 hundreds of, thousands of, millions of前面可被many, several, a few修饰,如:many/several thousands of 成千上万的
编号表示法
汉语 英语 用法
第一课/第二单元 Lesson One/1 = the first lesson Unit Two/2 = the second unit (1) 名词+基数词= the+序数词+名词 (注意大小写) (2) 如果编号的数字比较长,一般用 “名词+基数词”表示
第四页 Page Four/4 = the fourth page
6路公车 Bus No. 6 = the No. 6 bus
308 房 Room 308
九年级6班 Class 6, Grade 9 =Class Six, Grade Nine
第一中学 No. 1 Junior High School
时刻表示法
情况 顺读法 示例
整点 基数词(+o’clock) 9:00 nine(o’clock)
几点零几分 钟点数(o)+ 分钟数 9:05 nine(o)five
几点几十分 钟点数 + 分钟数 9:40 nine forty
情况 逆读法 示例
30分钟内 分钟数 +(minutes)past + 钟点数 9:10 ten(minutes) past ten
30分钟以外 到下一个钟点所差的分钟数+(minutes)+to+下一个钟点数 9:50 ten(minutes) to ten
30分钟 half past + 钟点数 9:30 half past nine
15分钟 a quarter past + 钟点数 9:15 a quarter past nine
45分钟 A quarter to + 下一个钟点数 9:45 a quarter to ten
注意:有时,用am/ a.m.或pm/ p.m.加在数字后,分别表示“上午”或“下午”。
如:6:00 am 上午6点; 6:30 pm 下午6点半
四、年、月、日表示法
用法 举例
年 多用阿拉伯数字表示,但需要注意读法,四位数年份常分为两组来读;年份前用介词in in 2020 ( in twenty twenty )
月 首字母要大写,月份前用介词in in July
日 年、月、日连用时常在年份前加逗号,介词用on on July 2(nd) , 2020
五、世纪、年代表示法
汉语 英语
21世纪 (in) the twenty-first century/in the 21st century
20世纪80年代 (in) the 1980s
2020年 (in) twenty twenty
年龄表示法
汉语 英语
他15岁。 He is 15 ( years old ) .
他15岁。 He is at the age of 15.
他三十多岁。 He is in his thirties.
一个15岁的男孩 a 15 - year- old boy =a boy of 15 years old = a boy of 15
倍数表示法
用法 举例
表示“是……几倍”: 倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as The room is three times as big as that one.
“比……大几倍”: 倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than The room is three times bigger than that one.
其他主要表示法
分类 汉语 英语
“半”的表示法 一个半小时 (1 . 5 小时) one and a half hours = one hour and a half
两年半 two and a half years = two years and a half
半小时 half an hour
半杯茶 half a cup of tea
another, more的表示法 另外两个小时/多两个小时 另外两个人/多两个人 another two hours = two more hours another two people= two more people
路程、时间 5分钟的路程 a 5 - minute walk=5 minutes’ walk
10天的假期 a 10 - day holiday =10 days’ holiday
度量衡 1.75米高 1.75 meters tall
10尺宽 10 feet wide
( ) 1. Please turn to page and take a look at the picture on it.
A. the eightieth B. eightieth C. eighties D. eighty
( ) 2. It’s my daughter’s birthday today. She’s years old.
eighteen B. eighteenth C. the eighteen D. the eighteenth
( ) 3. We gave away books to the school library last year.
six thousands B. six thousand C. six thousands of D. six thousand of
( ) 4. Our country is nearly years old. We’ll celebrate its birthday on October 1, 2019 around the country.
seventy, seventy B. seventy, seventieth
C. seventieth, seventy D. seventieth, seventieth
【序数词】
知识点一:序数词的构成
1. 基数词变序数词可利用口诀巧记:“一、二、三,特殊记,八去t,九去e,ve要用f替,见y变ie + th,若是遇到几十几 ,只变个位既可以。”
即:第一、第二、第三分别是:first; second; third,其余情况是:eight-eighth; nine-ninth; five-fifth; twelve-twelfth; forty- fortieth; twenty-five –twenty-fifth
2. 其余情况均在基数词后+ -th。如:six-sixth; nineteen- nineteenth
3. 序数词的缩写形式是阿拉伯数字加上序数词的最后两个字母构成。如:1st,2nd,3rd,4th等。下表是英语中百以内的基数词和序数词及其缩写形式。
数字 基数词 序数词 缩略式 数字 基数词 序数词 缩略式
1 one first 1st 15 fifteen fifteenth 15th
2 two second 2nd 16 sixteen sixteenth 16th
3 three third 3rd 17 seventeen seventeenth 17th
4 four fourth 4th 18 eighteen eighteenth 18th
5 five fifth 5th 19 nineteen nineteenth 19th
6 six sixth 6th 20 twenty twentieth 20th
7 seven seventh 7th 30 thirty thirtieth 30th
8 eight eighth 8th 40 forty fortieth 40th
9 nine ninth 9th 50 fifty fiftieth 50th
10 ten tenth 10th 60 sixty sixtieth 60th
11 eleven eleventh 11th 70 seventy seventieth 70th
12 twelve twelfth 12th 80 eighty eightieth 80th
13 thirteen thirteenth 13th 90 ninety ninetieth 90th
14 fourteen fourteenth 14th 100 a hundred hundredth 100th
知识点二:序数词的用法
用法 举例
日期用序数词来表示 May 1st 五月一日;September 10th 九月十日
一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用 Tom is the first child of the family. Tom is his first child.
(2) 与a/ an连用时,表示数量上“又一” “再一” Though he failed twice, he would like to have a third time.
(3) 表示分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,分母要用复数 1/4 写作 one fourth 或 one quarter 1/2 写作 one second 或 a half 2/3 写作 two thirds 3/4 写作 three fourths 或 three quarters
(4) 分数作主语时,谓语动词要根据分数后的名词来确定,如果是不可数名词就要用单数,是可数名词则用复数 One third of the students have been to the Great Wall. Four fifths of the water is drunk by the children.
( ) 1. I live in Room 403. Sam lives in the room right above mine, on the floor.
A. third B. three C. fifth D. five
( ) 2. Two months ago, China tested its aircraft carrier(航空母舰)built completely on its own.
one B. first C. the one D. the first
( ) 3. According to a survey, four out of five women do housework at home, but only of men would do it.
four fifth B. four fifths C. two fifth D. two fifths
( ) 4. We are proud of our country. The year 2019 is her birthday.
seventy B. the seventy C. the seventieth D. seventieth
( ) 5. Nowadays, people like HUAWEI phones better, and about of them are adults.
the number of, four- fifths B. a number of, four-fifth
C. a number of, four- fifths D. the number of, four-five