2024年中考英语二轮专题语法专题复习：介词

英语语法专项复习：介词
【考点直击】
掌握初中阶段词汇表中所列的介词的用法；
【知识梳理】
介词的用法
介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。一般位于名词或代词之前，在句中不单独作任何成分。介词本身有独立的含义，但意义不够完整，在句中使用时，后面必须接宾语构成介词短语后，才能表达完整的意义。
【介词】
知识点一：表示时间的介词
介词 用法 示例
at 表示某一时刻、某一钟点 at seven o’clock
on 表示具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上 on Sunday, on May 1st , on Sunday morning, on a rainy morning
in 表示世纪、年、月、季节、上午、下午、晚上 in the 20th century, in August, in spring, in the morning
in + 一段时间表示“在（多久）之后”，常用在一般将来时 She will come back in three days.
after after + 时间点表示“在……之后”，常用于一般将来时 I will call you after 8 o’clock.
after + 一段时间，常用于一般过去时 After three days, he left the town.
before 表示“在……之前” Please take a shower before going to bed.
during 表示“在……期间” We enjoyed ourselves during the summer vocation.
from 说明开始的时间，可用于过去、现在、将来的时态 We go to school from Monday to Friday.
for for + 一段时间，持续一段时间，指动作延续贯穿整个过程，多用于完成时 I have learnt English for four years.
since since + 时间点，表示起始时间，指从某时一直延续至今，用于完成时 He has lived here since 1978.
until 意为“直到……为止”，谓语动词为延续性动词；用于否定句时，意为“直到…才”，谓语动词为瞬间动词 I will work here until 6 o’clock. I didn’t go to bed until my mother came home yesterday.
知识点二：表示地点或方位的介词
介词 用法 示例
at 表示“在某一点位置或具体位置（范围小） at the library, at the crossing, at the village
in 表示“在某一个范围内（大地方）” in the classroom, in China
在某一个范围内 Zhuhai is in Guangdong. （广东内）
on 两地接壤 The Pacific is on the east of China.（中国接壤）
to 两地相隔 Japan is to the east of China.（中国范围外）
between 在两者之间 I sit between Jane and Mary.
among 在（三者或以上）之中 The song is very popular among teenagers.
across 表面横过，如过桥、过河、过马路 Be careful while walking across the street.
through 内部穿过，如穿过森林、门、玻璃、隧道 The light goes into the room through the window.
past 侧面经过、路过 Please call me when walking past my house.
on 表示“在…的表面上”，两者有接触 There is a book on the desk.
over 表示“在…的正上方”，多暗示悬空，反义词为under There is a bridge over the river.
above 表示“在…的上方”，但不一定在正上方， 也不接触另一物，反义词为be1ow There is a bird f1ying above the bridge.
below 表示“在…的下方” Please do not write below this 1ine.
under 表示“在…的正下方” There is a book under the desk.
知识点三：表示手段、工具或方式的介词
介词 用法 举例
by 接某种具体的方法、手段或交通工具 by Internet, by selling flowers, by bike
in 接语言、声音、颜色、材料 in English, in red, in black ink
with 接某种具体的工具或身体的某部分 write with a pen, see with our eyes
on 接表示交通工具、手段、通讯方式 on the train, on the telephone (
,
), on the radio, on TV
through 表示“以，通过，经由” through hard work
注意：在表示手段时，by, through, with有时也可互换，但with 的意思更明确 Through / By / with her (
,
) efforts, she succeeded in making so many useful inventions.
知识点四：其他常用介词
介词 用法 示例
except 表示“除……之外，其余都”（指从整体中排除，不包含在内） We go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday.
besides 表示“除……之外，还有”（包含在内） They also study maths, Chinese besides English.
but 表示“除了…什么也没有”，只能用于everyone/ everything/ nothing等不定代词后 There is nothing but a chair in the room.
against 反对，对抗，常用play against（与…对抗或比赛），be strongly against（强烈反对） Who are you going to play against
beyond 表示“超出，多于”，修饰范围、水平、限度和能力等 The problem is far beyond me. I’m afraid I can’t work it out.
in 后接颜色，表示服饰 She looks pretty in a red coat.
as 表示“当作；作为，以…身份”，后接表示职业、身份的名词 As a student, we should get to school on time.
like 表示“像…一样”，用于说明相似关系 Ling Feng jumped like a monkey.
with “和，同，与…”，表带着、具有、伴随 China is a country with long history. He always drives with the lights on. I often go shopping with my mother.
without 表示“没有” I can’t finish the task without your help.
along 沿着 He walked up and down along the street.
around 周围；大约（后接数字） She looked at the papers around her.
from 表示时间、方位、场所（从…） from today to tomorrow; from school to hospital
表示来自 a letter from Jim
( ) l. Could you please give me a hand I can’t complete the task on time your help.
A. without B. under C. with D. for
( ) 2. Many young peop1e put mobile gaming anything else, thinking little of their normal lives.
A. along with B. behind C. before D. in front of
( ) 3. It’s very kind you to lend me your reusable shopping bags.
A. of B. for C. to D. with
( ) 4. - How soon will we get the offer from a new high school
- about two months.
A. In B. For C. Among D. During
( ) 5. I think tea will taste better some milk in it.
for B. with C. from D. at
知识点五：介词用法注意事项
当介词后面跟动词或动词短语时，动词必须用它的-ing形式。如：
She is good at drawing. 她擅长画画。
He is very interested in playing computer games. 他对玩电脑游戏很感兴趣。
教材中出现的介词后面跟动词时要用它的-ing形式的短语或结构主要有：
instead of do well in spend…（in）
be good at feel like think about/ of
be interested in take part in What/ How about …？
Be excited about stop/ prevent…from Thank you for…
Be afraid of prefer…to… Thanks for…
Be used for look forward to pay attention to
2. 在表示时间时，通常要用介词，但含有next, last, this, one, every, all的词组以及today, yesterday, tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the day after tomorrow等就不用介词。如：
在下星期要说next week，而不能说 in next week
【介词短语】
知识点一：用at的
at night 在夜间 at a time 一次
at noon 在中午 at the beginning 在…开始时
at the same time 同时 at the age of 在…岁时
at the moment 此刻；现在 at the bottom of 在…底部
at once 立刻；马上 at the end of … 在…结束时，在…末端
at first 首先；起初；当初 at school/ home/ work 上学/在家/ 上班
at last 最后，终于 at the gate 在门口
at least 至少 at table/ the table 吃饭/ 在桌旁
at the bus stop 在公共汽车站 at Tom’s 在汤姆家
at the doctor’s 在医生的诊所 at the foot/ bottom of mountain 在山脚下
知识点二：用in的
in the middle/centre of 在…中间 in (the) front (of) 在…前面
in class 上课时 in hospital 住院
in the corner of 在（室内的）角落 in place of 代替
in bed 躺着 in turn 轮流
in spite of 尽管 in the world 在世界上
in a hurry 匆忙地 in surprise 惊奇地
in the sun 在阳光下 in the open air 在露天；在户外
in danger 处于危险之中 in peace 安宁地
in time 及时 in the sky 在天空中
in the air 在空中 in the future 在将来
in future 今后 in space 在太空中
in person 亲自 in one’s opinion 某人看来；以某人的观点
in trouble 处于麻烦中 in English / Japanese 用英语/日语
in the end 最后 in red/ a red dress 穿红色衣服
in this way 用这种方法 in a way 在某种程度上
in fact 事实上 in many ways 在许多方面
in loud/ low/ strong 大声/小声/坚定地说 in the field/ park 在田/公园里
知识点三：用on的
on time 按时；准时 on the earth 在地球上
on one’s/ the way to 在去…的路上 on one’s way back from 在从…回去的路上
be on 上演（电影、表演） on the right/ left 在右边/左边
on one’s own 独自；自己 on the other side of 在…另一边
on the farm 在农场 on holiday 在度假 on TV/the radio/ the telephone/ the Internet 在电视上/收音机里/电话里/网上
on the corner of 在…的拐角处 on the edge of 处于…的边缘
on business 做生意；出差 on foot 步行
( ) l. Blue whales are . We shou1d try to protect them.
A. in time B. in public C. in danger D. in trouble
( ) 2. Great changes have taken place in XiangYang. We are all the achievements.
A. known as B. proud of C. simi1ar to D. good with
( ) 3. - The population of the poor is getting smaller and smaller.
- the government, their living conditions have improved.
A. As for B. Thanks to C. As a result of D. Thanks for
( ) 4. The instructions tell us everything about how to make the mode1 ship.
A. by hand B. by chance C. in detail D. in person
( ) 5. - How strange! You sit in your room for a long time，Li Ming.
- I just want to be quiet for a while. I’m sorry, Dad. I failed the test again.
A. in silence B. in person C. in public D. in fact