2024年中考英语二轮专题语法专题复习：冠词

英语语法专项复习：冠词
【考点直击】
1．掌握不定冠词a和an的用法；
2．掌握定冠词the的用法及零冠词（不用冠词）的情况；
【知识梳理】
冠词的定义和分类
冠词是一种虚词，放在名词或名词词组的前面，帮助说明名词的数量、特征或含义。冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能脱离名词而独立存在。冠词分为不定冠词a, an和定冠词the。
【不定冠词a, an的用法】
知识点一：不定冠词a或an的用法（用于单数可数名词前）
用法 举例
（1）用于第一次提到的人或物，起介绍作用 He has a piano and the piano is beautiful.
（2）指某一类人或事物 A train runs faster than a bike． ＝Trains run faster than bikes．
（3）用于表示数量“一”，泛指一个人或事物 A boy is singing in the next room．
（4）用在序数词之前，表示“又一 ，再一” He failed twice, but he wanted to try a third time． You’ll have to do it a second time.
（5）用于某些固定词组中
a few 一些；少数几个 give sb. a hand 给某人帮助a little 一点，少量 have a cold 感冒a bit of 有一点儿 have a good time 玩得高兴；过得愉快a kind of 一种；一类 have a match 比赛a lot of 许多；大量；很多 have/ hold a meeting 开会a number of 一些；许多 have a rest 休息a pair of 一对；一幅 have a swim 游泳a piece of 一块（张、片……） have a talk 谈话once upon a time 很早以前；从前 have a walk 散步at a bad time of year 在一年中的不好时节 make a mistake 出差错just a moment 等一下 take a boat 坐船in a minute 一会儿，立刻 take a bus 坐公共汽车a moment later 片刻之后 take a rest 休息go (out) for a walk （出去）散步 take a seat 坐下； 就坐give sb. a call 给某人打电话 get a fever 发烧
知识点二：不定冠词a或an的用法
在名词前使用a或an取决于该名词的读音。如果该名词首字母的读音是辅音音素，则在名词前加a，如：a room, a red apple, a useful book；如果首字母的读音是元音音素，则在名词前加an，an egg, an old man, an hour。
注意：在判断一个词是元音开头还是辅音开头时，要注意是根据其读音，而不是根据字母。a, e, i，o, u五个元音字母处于词首时，只有以a或i开头的名词前一定用an，以e, o，u开头的名词则未必都是元音音素。
以a开头 an apple, an artist, an aunt, an Asian country, an American girl
以e开头 a European country
an egg, an English book, an eight-year-old boy, an 11-year-old boy, an excuse
以i开头 an idea, an interesting story
以o开头 a one - eyed dog，a one - year - old girl
an orange, an old man, an outgoing girl, an office
【特别注意】an hour, an honest man
以u开头 发/ju:/音的单数可数名词前用a a useful book, a university student, a UFO, a usual story
发/ /音的单数可数名词前用an an umbrella, an uncle, an ugly man, an unusual story, an unhappy smile, an unuseful book
( ) 1. I went to supermarket to buy birthday gift for my aunt yesterday.
an; a B. a; a C. the; / D. /; the
( ) 2. I had egg and some mi1k for breakfast this morning.
a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 3. Paper is usefu1 invention. Cai Lun invented it around 2, 000 years ago.
a B. an C. the D. 不填
( ) 4. - Look at the tall boy over there. He’s winner of the school painting competition.
- Oh, he must be creative boy.
the；a B. the；an C. a；the D. an；a
( ) 5. Autumn is beautiful season with fresh air and fallen leaves.
A. / B. an C. the D. a
【定冠词the的用法】
定冠词the有“这（那）个”的意思，其后接名词时，表示某个或某些特定的人或事物。
用法 举例
特指谈话双方都知道或上文已提过的人或事物 I have a computer and I like the computer very much. The man over there is my English teacher．
(2) 用于世界上独一无二的事物前 the earth the sun the moon the world 特殊情况：a better world 一个更好的世界 a full moon 一轮满月 a blue sky 一片蓝天
(3) 用于序数词、方位词、形容词最高级和部分比较级前及only修饰的名词前 He is always the first one to get to school. in the east in the west in the southeast He is the tallest boy in his class. I think this picture is the most beautiful of all. He is the taller of the two boys. The +比较级, the +比较级. She is the only girl who was late for school yesterday．
(4) 用于表示演奏的西洋乐器前 play the piano／violin／guitar
(5) 用于姓氏的复数名词前，表示“……一 家人，……夫妇” the Greens，the Browns，the Wangs The Greens are watching TV now.
(7) 用于某些形容词前，表示一类人 the old, the young, the poor, the rich, the blind
用在普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Great Wall the Children’s Palace the United States the North Pole the Yangtze River the New York Times
用在单数名词前表示一类人或事物 The compass was invented in China. The horse is taller than the dog.
用于一些固定搭配
by the way in the middle of at the end of in the open air on the way at the foot of in the end in the middle of at the beginning of at the moment at the same time look the same all the time all the same go to the cinema all over the world do the shopping/washing do the shopping/ washing
一些时间的表达 in the morning/ afternoon/ evening in the 1990s the day after tomorrow in the 19th century
( ) l. - Do you 1ike movie Big Hero 6
- yes, it is interesting film. I like it very much.
A. a；an B. the；an C. a；the D. the；a
( ) 2. Brazil, country in south America, will hold 3lst Olympic Games in August, 20l6.
A. a；a B. a；the C. the；a D. the；the
( ) 3. - Are you going to football match tonight
- I wish I could, but I’m meeting VIP from Oklahoma.
A. an；an B. an；a C. the；an D. the；a
( ) 4 . Great wall is one of the seven wonders around the world.
A. The B. A C. An D. /
( ) 5. As volunteer at the Beijing Expo 20l9（园艺博览会），Lu Ming understands
idea of green 1ife better than before.
a；an B. a；the C. the；an D. the；the
【零冠词的用法】
用法 举例
(1) 球类 、棋类 、三餐 、学科和语言等名词前 play football / basketball/ chess have supper / lunch／breakfast have math／English／Chinese class
【特别注意】三餐前有形容词时，加不定冠词 have a light breakfast have a nice dinner
(2) 年、月、星期、季节前 (但季节有of 结构限定时，要加 the ) in 2019，in June, on Monday, in winter in the summer of 2019, in the winter of 2015
(3)节假日 day的节假日前不用冠词 Children’s Day，Mother’s Day
festival的节假日前一般要用the the Spring Festival， the Mid-Autumn Festival
(4) 名词前已有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或数词等修饰限定时。 Mrs. White went to see her e this way, please.
在某些固定搭配中
by bus/ air/ plane/ bike/ train/ ship at school/ work/ home at noon/ night in hospital at once/ times/ first/ last/ least for example in bed in surprise with pleasure all day in trouble on top of in time in danger in front of on foot on holiday on show on duty on time have sports take part in all day （wait）in line make friends with place of interest （learn…）by heart go to school/ bed/ work
( ) l. new study says that going to bed late is harmful to our health.
A. /；/ B. A；/ C. A；the D. The；the
( ) 2 . Among all Chinese traditional arts, Nancy likes Beijing opera best because it is really fun.
A. /；a B. /；/ C. the；a D. the；/
( ) 3. To save time，many students have lunch at schoo1 every day.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
( ) 4. our Nationa1 Day is on first day in October.
A. a；the B. the；a C. the；不填 D. a；不填