2024年中考英语二轮专题语法专题复习：被动语态

英语语法专项复习：被动语态
【考点直击】
1. 掌握被动语态的构成和用法。
2. 掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和带情态动词的被动语态。
【知识梳理】
语态的含义
语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的执行者时为主动语态，主语是动作的承受者时为被动语态。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被、受、给”等词来表示被动意义。
Many people speak English in the world. （主动语态，people是speak这个动作的执行者）
English is spoken by many people in the world. （被动语态，English是speak这个动作的承受者）
【主动语态变被动语态】
只有及物动词才能构成被动语态，不及物动词不能构成被动语态。
主动句：主语（执行者）+ 谓语动词 + 宾语（承受者）.
被动句：主语（承受者）+ 谓语动词被动形式（+ by + 执行者）.
如：The man saved the boy. （主动语态）
主 谓 宾
The boy was saved (by the man). （被动语态）
主 谓 宾
【被动语态的用法】
用法 举例
（l）不知道动作由谁发出，或没必要说明谁发出动作时 The book is written for children.
（2）强调或突出动作的承受者时 The window was broken yesterday.
（3）当动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时 Many houses were destroyed by the accident.
【被动语态的结构】
被动语态由“be + 过去分词（p. p.）”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be动词的变化来表现出来的，过去分词部分不变。疑问句和否定句的变化也如此。中考要求掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和带情态动词的被动语态。
被动语态种类 构成 例句
一般现在时 主语+ am/ is/ are + p.p.+ … English is taught in many countries.
主语+ am/ is/ are + not + p.p. + … English isn’t taught in their country.
3. Am/ Is/ Are +主语+ p.p. + …？ Is English taught in many countries
一般过去时 主语+ was/ were + p.p. + … The window was broken last night.
主语+was/ were+ not+ p.p.+ … The window wasn’t broken last night.
3. Was/ Were +主语 +p.p.+ …？ Was the window broken last night
一般将来时 主语+ will be + p.p.+ … The sports meeting will be held next week.
2. 主语+ won’t be + p.p.+ … The sports meeting won’t be held next week.
3. Will+主语+ be + p.p.+ … Will the sports meeting be held next week
带情态动词的被动语态 主语+ 情态动词+ be+ p.p.+ … Our homework must be finished on time.
2. 主语+情态动词+ not+ be+ p.p.+ … The magazines in the library can’t be taken away.
3. 情态动词+主语+ be + p.p. + … May our homework be handed in tomorrow
【被动语态运用中的注意事项】
情况 举例
连系动词如smell, taste, sound, look, taste等用主动结构表示被动 The food smells bad.
不及物动词及部分动词短语，如happen, take place, belong to, break down等没有被动语态 My car broke down on my way to schoo1.
动词短语变为被动语态时，不能去掉短语中的介词 或副词，如look after, take care of等 They look after the child well. = The child is looked after well ( by them) .
含有复合宾语（即宾语和宾语补足语）的主动句，把主动句的宾语变为主语，宾语补足语部分留在原位不动 We call her Xiao Li. She is called Xiao Li (by us). He asked me to help him. I was asked to help him (by him).
主动语态中的“十大动词”，如make, see, feel, let, hear, watch, notice, listen to, look等后常接不带to的动词不定式，但变为被动语态时要加to He makes the girl stay at home. = The girl is made to stay at home（by him）.
含有双宾语（即间接宾语和直接宾语）的主动句，在变为被动语态时可以把其中的任何一个宾语作为主语，而保留另一个宾语，但当把直接宾语变为主语时，必须在间接宾语之前加上介词to或for。 He gave me a name card. 间宾 直宾 I was given a name card. （间宾作主语） A name card was given to me by him. （直宾作主语）
有些及物动词表示主语（多为物）的某种性质而非人为的原因时，作不及物动词，没有被动形式，如sell, write, ride, draw等，且这些动词后多有well The books sell well. The bike rides well.
need doing, be worth doing中的doing表示被动意义 Your shoes need washing. = Your shoes need to be washed. The book is worth reading.
【常用的被动语态词组】
英语 汉语意思
be used to do sth. / be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事
be used as 被用作…
be used by sb. 被某人使用
be made of / from 由…构成（可看出原料/ 不可看出原料）
be made in somewhere / by sb. 在何地制造/ 由某人制造
be covered with / by 被 … 覆盖
be filled with 被 … 装满
be sold out 卖完，卖光
be seen / heard to do 被看见/ 听到做…
be made to do sth. 被迫做某事
It’s said / reported / believed that 据说/ 据报道/人们相信…
( ) l. - Have you heard of the song Little Apple？
- Yes. It every morning when aged peop1e do square dancing downstairs.
A. is played B. plays C. was played D. played
( ) 2. He Jiang to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard university last month.
A. invites B. invited C. is invited D. was invited
( ) 3. The waiter told me that free parking for the hotel guests.
A. provides B. provided C. will be provided D. was provided
( ) 4. Many shops in China to shut down as a new law against ivory (象牙) trade came into effect on January lst.
A. ordered B. didn’t order C. were ordered D. weren’t ordered
( ) 5. It is said that one Greater Bay Area university in Guangdong in the future.
A. will be built B. build C. will build D. is built