2024年中考英语语法专题复习：动词的时态（无答案）

英语语法专项复习：动词的时态
【考点直击】
1. 掌握动词的六种基本时态的构成和用法。（一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时和现在完成时）
2. 掌握动词的五种基本形式：动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数形式、动词的ing形式、动词的过去式和过去分词。
【知识梳理】
时态的定义
英语的动词在表示不同时间里发生的行为或存在的状态时，要用不同的形式来表示，这种不同的形式叫做动词的时态。英语中，动词有16种时态，但初中英语要求掌握六种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时。
【现在进行时】
知识点一：现在进行时的用法和构成（am/ is/ are + 现在分词）
用 法 表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作 I am watching an interesting movie.
表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态（但说话时这个动作不一定在进行） He is teaching in a middle school.
瞬间动词（如：come, go, 1eave, arrive, start, die等）用现在进行时表示将来 My father is leaving for Shanghai on business.
构 成 肯定句 主语 + be (is, am, are) + doing+ 其他 We are reading books at the moment. She is cleaning the room now.
否定句 主语 + be not + doing+ 其他 We aren’t reading books at the moment. She isn’t cleaning the room now.
一般疑问句 Be + 主语+ doing+ 其他 Are you reading books at the moment Is she cleaning the room now
特殊疑问句 疑问词+ be + 主语 + doing+ 其他 What are they doing at present
标志词 Listen! / Look! (2) now, at the moment, at present these days, this month (4) all the time, a1ways（含有感彩，表示厌烦、赞扬等） whi1e引导的状语从句中 (6) 上下文提示
知识点二：动词现在分词的构成方式
构成方式 举例
（l）一般在词尾加-ing buy- buying; draw- drawing
（2）以不发音e结尾的动词，去e再加-ing take- taking; wake- waking
（3）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写最后一个字母再加-ing get- getting; cut- cutting; put- putting; sit- sitting; swim- swimming; run- running; stop- stopping
（4）不规则变化 lie - lying, die - dying, tie - tying
( ) l. Listening! The students in the music room.
A. are singing B. are going to singing C. sang D. are drawing
( ) 2. - Honey, where are you
- I . Just let me put on my shoes.
A. come B. came C. am coming D. have come
( ) 3. - Linda, Dad has finished his work and we to the gym to pick you up.
- Thank you, Mum.
A. drive B. drove C. have driven D. are driving
( ) 4 . It . Please take an umbrella with you, Annie.
A. rains B. is raining C. rained D. was raining
( ) 5 . - Tom, what’s your dad doing
- He my bike.
A. repairs B. wi11 repair C. has repaired D. is repairing
【一般现在时】
知识点一：一般现在时的用法和构成
用 法 （l）表示现在的状态 She is an English teacher.
（2）表示经常或习惯性的动作 He plays football every week.
（3）表示主语具备的性格和能力 The boy is very friendly.
（4）普遍的真理和自然规律 The earth goes around the sun.
构 成 肯定句 主语 + be（am / is / are）+ 表语 We are students.
主语+ 动词原形/ 动词第三人称单数+ 宾语 We often go for a picnic on Sunday. She listens to music every day.
否定句 主语 + be（am / is / are）+ not + 表语 We are not / aren’t students.
主语 + don’t / doesn’t +动词原形+ 宾语 We don’t often go for a picnic on Sunday. She doesn’t listens to music every day.
一般 疑问 句 Be + 主语 + 表语 Are they students
Do / Does + 主语+ 动词原形+ 宾语 Do you often go for a picnic on Sunday Does she listens to music every day
特殊 疑问 句 疑问词+ be + 主语+ 表语 Who are they
疑问词+ do/ does +主语+ 动词原形+ 宾语 What do you often do on Sunday How does she go to work every day
标 志 词 sometimes, often, usually, always (2) every day / week / month / year (3) on Sunday/ Monday (4) once a week, twice a month (5) in the morning / afternoon / evening
知识点二：动词第三人称单数的构成方式
构成方式 举例
一般在词尾加-s jump- jumps, read- reads
以s, x, ch, sh结尾的动词后加-es bus- buses, fox- foxes, branch - branches
不发音的e结尾的动词只在e后面加-s dance - dances, make - makes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-es carry- carries; copy- copies
不规则变化 have- has, go- goes, do- does
( ) l. Before the sun , we need to get to the top of the mountain.
A. set B. sets C. is setting D. will set
( ) 2 . Bill 1ikes reading. He picture books with his dad every evening.
A. read B. reads C. is reading D. has read
( ) 3 . Sam with his friends every weekend.
skates B. is skating C. has skated D. was skating
( ) 4. The earth is a planet and it around the sun.
goes B. go C. will go D. went
( ) 5. Johnson won’t answer the phone if he the number.
knew B. doesn’t C. will know D. didn’t know
【一般过去时】
知识点一：一般过去时的用法和构成
用 法 （l）表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态 Jim was here a moment ago.
（2）表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作 My father used to be a writer.
构 成 肯定句 主语+ was / were + 表语 主语+ 动词过去式 She was a football player.
They went to the park last Saturday.
否定句 主语 + wasn’t / weren’t + 表语 主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 +宾语 She wasn’t a football player.
They didn’t went to the park last Saturday.
一般疑问句 Was / Were + 主语+ 表语 Did + 主语 + 动词原形+ 宾语 Was she a football player
Did they go to the park last Saturday
特殊疑问句 疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + 表语 What was she
疑问词 + did +主语 +动词原形 +宾语 What did they do last Saturday
标 志 词 last + … (2) yesterday, the day before yesterday (3) … ago (4) just now (5) after + 一段时间, after a whi1e , after ten minutes (6) 表示过去的时间词
知识点二：动词过去式的构成方式
构成方式 举例
一般在词尾加-ed work- worked; watch- watching
以-e结尾的动词后只加-d live- living, receive- received
以辅音字母y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed try- tried; study- studied
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾辅音字母再加-ed stop - stopped , plan - planned
不规则变化 come- came; lose- lost
( ) l. Sue wasn’t happy because she the concert given by her favorite singer.
A. misses B. missed C. will miss D. is missing
( ) 2 . David is a tennis p1ayer. He to p1ay tennis when he was six years o1d.
A. begins B. will begin C. began D. has begun
( ) 3. - Have you ever been to Shanghai
- Of course. Actually, I there for six years but now I live in Taizhou.
A. worked B. was working C. wou1d work D. have worked
( ) 4 . He me his name, but I can’t remember it now.
tells B. will tell C. told D. is telling
( ) 5 . They don’t live here any longer. They to Macau last month.
A. move B. moved C. will move D. are moving
【一般将来时】
一般将来时的用法和构成（will/ be going to + 动词原形）
用 法 表示将来的动作或状态 It will rain tomorrow.
be going to do表示准备或打算做某事或根据迹象表明 “将会发生某事” I’m going to have a picnic next week.
be doing表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情，常用这种结构的有come , go, leave, arrive, start等 He is leaving for the USA soon.
构 成 肯定句 主语+ will + 动词原形 They will have a meeting tomorrow.
主语+ be going to + 动词原形 She is gong to see a film tonight.
否定句 主语+ will not / won’t + 动词原形 They won’t have a meeting tomorrow.
主语+ be not going to + 动词原形 She isn’t gong to see a film tonight.
一般疑问句 Will +主语+ 动词原形 Will they have a meeting tomorrow
Be +主语 + going to +动词原形 Is she going to see a film tonight
特殊疑问句 疑问词+ will + 主语+ 动词原形 What will they do tomorrow
疑问词+ be +主语 + going to +动词原形 When is she going to do tonight
标 志 词 （l）next week / month / year （2）in +一段时间：in a week / two days / ten minutes （3）tomorrow , the day after tomorrow （4）表示将来的时间词：soon, in 2025, at the end of this year
( ) l. With the development of science and techno1ogy, robot cooks in our fami1ies in the future.
A. appear B. appeared C. will appear D. were appearing
( ) 2 . - We to Yun Brocade Museum with the exchange students this coming summer ho1iday.
- That’s amazing!
A. went B. go C. have gone D. will go
( ) 3 . If you want to visit the palace Museum, I tickets for you tomorrow.
A. will book B. booked C. have booked D. was booking
( ) 4 . - What is your plan for next weekend, Ling1ing
- I volunteer work in the museum.
A. was doing B. did C. have done D. am going to do
( ) 5. Next week, each student in the class a small gift from their teachers.
A. receives B. received C.will receive D. has received
【过去进行时】
过去进行时的用法和构成（was / were + 现在分词）
用 法 表示过去某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态 I was doing homework at eight last night.
表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个过去的动作正在进行 The students were sweeping the floor when the teacher came in.
表示两个过去的动作同时进行，这时可用连接词while连接 Jim was listening to music while Jane was washing clothes.
构 成 肯定句 主语+ was / were + doing She was eating lunch at twelve yesterday.
否定句 主语+ wasn’t / weren’t + doing She wasn’t eating lunch at twelve yesterday.
一般疑问句 Was / Were +主语+ doing Was she eating lunch at twelve yesterday
特殊疑问句 疑问词+ was / were +主语 + doing When was she eating lunch yesterday
标 志 词 （l）at that time, then（那时） （2）at this time yesterday, at 8 o’clock yesterday, from 7 to 9 last night （3）when, while, all morning
( ) l. - I didn’t see you at the beginning of the party last night.
- I on my biology report at that time.
A. worked B. work C. was working D. am working
( ) 2. - I saw the light of your room was still on at two o’clock last night.
- Oh, I a football match of the Russia world Cup.
A. watched B. was watched C. am watching D. was watching
( ) 3. - I went to your office at 9: 00 yesterday morning, but you were not in.
- Sorry, I with the manager in the meeting room at that time.
A. am talking B. was talking C. were talking D. have talked
( ) 4. Sorry, I didn’t see you, because I a picture.
A. draw B. drew C. was drawing D. have drawn
( ) 5 . -Jim, cou1d you please answer the question
- Sorry, I . Could you say it again
A. wasn’t listening B. don’t listen C. am not listening D. won’t listen
【现在完成时】
知识点一：现在完成时的用法和构成（have/ has+ 过去分词）
用 法 表示动作发生在过去，但对现在造成影响和结果 The train has already left.
表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并有可能延续下去 We have lived here since 2020.
构 成 肯定句 主语 + has / have + 动词过去分词 I have entered lots of competitions.
否定句 主语 + hasn’t / haven’t + 动词过去分词 I haven’t entered lots of competitions.
一般疑问句 Has / Have +主语+ 动词过去分词 Have you entered lots of competitions
特殊疑问句 疑问词+ has / have +主语 + 动词过去分词 How long have you played football
标志词 already（肯定句句中）, yet（疑问句或否定句句末），ever（疑问句句中）, never, just so far（到目前为止），in the last / past …years（在过去的…年里） for + 一段时间, for ten years, for an hour since + …ago, since 10 years ago, since an hour ago since + 时间点，since last night, since 2013 since + 一般过去时的从句，since we last met, since he came here
知识点二：动词过去分词的构成方式
不规则变化 AAA cost - cost - cost , cut - cut - cut, set - set - set
AAB beat - beat - beaten
ABA become - became - become, run - ran - run
ABB burn - burnt - burnt , deal - dealt - dealt
ABC break - broke - broken, drive - drove - driven
知识点三：短暂性动词和延续性动词之间的转化
短暂性动词和延续性动词（都能用于现在完成时，表示动作到现在为止已完成）
分类 举例 备注
非延续性动词 start, leave, finish, end, die 在完成时中不能和表示持续一段时间的状语连用，即不能与for或since短语连用
延续性动词 work, study, live, keep, stay 在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用
短暂性动词和延续性动词之间的转化
短暂性动词 延续性动词 短暂性动词 延续性动词
buy have fall/ get / become + adj. / prep. be + adj. / prep.
borrow keep finish / end / stop be over
become be get to know know
begin / start be on join be in… / be a member of
come / go back be back leave be away
close be closed make friends be friends
catch a cold have a cold open be open
die be dead get to / reach / arrive（in / at） be（in）/ stay（in / at）
误：The old man died for 3 years. / The old man died since 3 years ago.
正：The old man died 3 years ago.
The old man has been dead for 3 years. / The old man has been dead since 3 years ago.
这位老人去世三年了。
知识点四：重点区分have been to, have gone to, have been in
（l）have been to意为“去过… ”。
（2）have gone to 意为“去了… ”, 强调已离开说话者所在的地方，在路上或已经到了目的地。
（3）have been in意为“已经在… ”, 强调已经在目的地了，与表示一段时间的介词短语连用。如：
I have been to Australia a few times. 我已经去过澳大利亚好几次了。
You can’t see Mary at the moment, for she has gone to Australia.
你此刻不可能见到玛丽，因为她已经去澳大利亚了。
I have been in Australia for 6 years. 我已经在澳大利亚六年了。
知识点五：关注句型
（l）It is / has been + 一段时间 + since 从句（动词用过去式），如：
It’s been three years since we last met. 距离我们上一次见面已经过去三年了。
（2）一段时间 + has passed + since 从句（动词用过去式），如：
Three years has passed since we last met.
( ) l. Lei Feng for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us.
A. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead
( ) 2. Schoo1 violence （暴力） much attention of the whole society and people are calling on the government to make laws against it as early as possible.
A. drew B. will draw C. has drawn D. was drawing
( ) 3. Betty hard since last term. That’s why her exam results are so good!
A. has worked B. will work C. worked D. was working
( ) 4. It is said that the number of forest parks in Guangdong to more than l , 000 so far.
A. increase B. increased C. has increased D. will increase
( ) 5. My father in a panda protection center for l0 years, so he knows a lot about pandas.
A. was working B. is working C. has worked D. will work